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two cases of multiple subcutaneous cystic phaeohyphomycosis in immunocompromised patients with a rare causative organism.phaeohyphomycosis comprises a spectrum of mycotic infectious diseases caused by heterogeneous group of phaeoid fungi. a subcutaneous cystic swelling with histological hallmark of pigmented hyphae in tissues accompanied by pyogenic granuloma is diagnostic of phaeohyphomycosis. we present two cases of phaeohyphomycosis in 65- and 55-year-old male agriculturalists, who presented with multiple, cystic soft-tissue masses involving extremities. culture was done in one case and the specific organism wa ...201425071277
characterization of a highly thermostable glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanase from malbranchea cinnamomea.a thermostable xylanase (mcxyn10) from the thermophilic fungus malbranchea cinnamomea strain s168 was purified and biochemically characterized. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of 43.5 kda on sds-page. the optimal ph and temperature of the purified enzyme were ph 6.5 and 80°c, respectively. the enzyme showed a broad range of ph stability (ph 4.0-10.5), and was stable up to 70°c with a thermal denaturing half life of 76.0 min. the enzyme exhibited strict specificity fo ...201425058752
yeasts found on an ephemeral reproductive caste of the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa.winged males of leaf-cutting ants are considered an ephemeral reproductive caste only produced before the mating flight season. although much is known about the yeast diversity found in fungus gardens of attine ants, no study has focused on the yeasts associated with males of leaf-cutting ants. here, we surveyed the yeasts on the integuments of males of atta sexdens rubropilosa and assessed their potential role in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. using culture-dependent techniques, we found yea ...201425012689
in vitro activities of eight antifungal drugs against 104 environmental and clinical isolates of aureobasidium pullulans.aureobasidium pullulans is an unusual agent of phaeohyphomycosis. the in vitro activities of antifungals against 104 isolates of aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans and a. pullulans var. melanigenum revealed low mic90s of amphotericin b, posaconazole, and itraconazole. however, they were resistant to fluconazole (≥64 μg/ml) and had high mics of voriconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin.201425001309
genome sequencing of four aureobasidium pullulans varieties: biotechnological potential, stress tolerance, and description of new species.aureobasidium pullulans is a black-yeast-like fungus used for production of the polysaccharide pullulan and the antimycotic aureobasidin a, and as a biocontrol agent in agriculture. it can cause opportunistic human infections, and it inhabits various extreme environments. to promote the understanding of these traits, we performed de-novo genome sequencing of the four varieties of a. pullulans.201424984952
growth inhibition of candida species by wickerhamomyces anomalus mycocin and a lactone compound of aureobasidium pullulans.the increasing resistance of candida yeasts towards antifungal compounds and the limited choice of therapeutic drugs have spurred great interest amongst the scientific community to search for alternative anti-candida compounds. mycocins and fungal metabolites have been reported to have the potential for treatment of fungal infections. in this study, the growth inhibition of candida species by a mycocin produced by wickerhamomyces anomalus and a lactone compound from aureobasidium pullulans were ...201425380692
[phosphate solubilization of aureobasidium pullulan f4 and its mechanism].the aureobasidium pullulans f4 was isolated from the rhizosphere of hippochaete ramosissimum in tongguanshan mine wasteland in tongling city, anhui province. liquid culture was conducted with four kinds of phosphorus sources, calcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, ferric phosphate and rock phosphate to determine the ph, dissolved phosphorus, phosphorus in the bacteria and organic acid in the solution. the results showed that the phosphate solubilization by a. pullulans f4 varied with phosphorus ...201425345061
[gene cloning, expression and characterization of malate-coa ligase in the polymerization pathway of polymalic acid from aureobasidium pullulans].to clone and characterize the malate-coa ligase in the polymalic acid biosynthetic pathway from aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223.201425345024
comparative proteomic analysis of aureobasidium pullulans in the presence of high and low levels of nitrogen source.pullulan, produced by aureobasidium pullulans strain, has been broadly used in the food and medical industries. however, relatively little is known concerning the molecular basis of pullulan biosynthesis of this strain. in this paper, the effect of different concentrations of (nh4)2so4 on pullulan fermentation was studied. proteomics containing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/tof ...201425290967
direct production of feruloyl oligosaccharides and hemicellulase inducement and distribution in a newly isolated aureobasidium pullulans strain.studies were carried out to screen and identify strains that are able to directly produce ferulic oligosaccharides (fos) from wheat bran (wb). the inducement and distribution of hemicellulases from strain 2012, which was identified as a non-melanin secreting strain of aureobasidium pullulans (a. pullulans), were also determined. in a 60 g/l wb solution, a. pullulans could produce 545 nmol/l fos, 64.12 iu/ml xylanase and 0.14 iu/ml ferulic acid esterase (fae). a. pullulans was cultivated in media ...201424078110
inactivation of microorganisms by low-frequency high-power ultrasound: 2. a simple model for the inactivation mechanism.a simple theoretical model based on shear forces generated by the collapse of the ultrasound cavities near the surface of a microorganism is proposed. this model requires two parameters which take into account the number of acoustic cavitation bubbles, and the resistance of the cell wall of the microorganism to the shear forces generated by bubble collapse. to validate the model, high-power low frequency (20 khz) ultrasound was used to inactivate two microorganisms with very different sizes, viz ...201423845410
extracellular enzymatic activities and physiological profiles of yeasts colonizing fruit trees.yeasts form a significant and diverse part of the phyllosphere microbiota. some yeasts that inhabit plants have been found to exhibit extracellular enzymatic activities. the aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of yeasts isolated from leaves, fruits, and blossoms of fruit trees cultivated in southwest slovakia to produce extracellular enzymes, and to discover whether the yeasts originating from these plant organs differ from each other in their physiological properties. in tot ...201423744750
pectinolytic yeasts from viticultural and enological environments: novel finding of filobasidium capsuligenum producing pectinases.in this study indigenous yeasts associated with wineries, grapes and malbec fermented must from san rafael viticulture region (argentina) were isolated to select pectinolytic strains for their potential use in enology. pectinolytic yeasts were identified by physiological and molecular methods. among 78 isolates, only nine were able to produce extracellular pectinases. six isolated from berry surface were identified as aureobasidium pullulans and the remaining isolates, recovered from wineries, b ...201423686851
accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking as a first-line and sole treatment in early fungal keratitis.to report the use of accelerated photoactivated chromophore for keratitis-corneal collagen cross-linking (pack-cxl) as a first-line treatment in a patient with an atypical fungal keratitis.201425437486
stimulation with the aureobasidium pullulans-produced β-glucan effectively induces interferon stimulated genes in macrophage-like cell lines.a β-(1,3),(1,6)-d-glucan produced by a. pullulans (ap-pg) is known to be an immune stimulating agent. in this study, we demonstrate that the stimulation with ap-pg effectively induces the interferon (ifn) stimulated genes (isgs) in macrophage-like cell lines. the isgs, mx1, isg15, and viperin mrnas were significantly increased in raw264.7 cells after stimulation with ap-pg. the stimulation with ap-pg transiently induced ifn-β mrna. however, the expression of viperin mrna was also increased after ...201424759061
[diversity and community structure of endophytic fungi from taxus chinensis var. mairei].a total of 628 endophytic fungi were isolated from 480 tissue segments of needles and branches of taxus chinensis var. mairei. according to morphological characteristics and its sequences, they represented 43 taxa in 28 genera, of which 10 hyphomycetes, 20 coelomycetes, 12 ascomycetes and 1 unknown fungus. phomopsis mali was confirmed as the dominant species. in accordance with relative frequency, alternaria alternata, aureobasidium pullulans, colletotrichum boninense, c. gloeosporioides, epicoc ...201425345060
biocontrol activity of an alkaline serine protease from aureobasidium pullulans expressed in pichia pastoris against four postharvest pathogens on apple.the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans pl5 is a microbial antagonist against postharvest pathogens of fruits. the strain is able to produce hydrolases, including glucanases, chitinases and proteases. the alkaline serine protease gene alp5 from a. pullulans was cloned, inserted into the vector ppic9 to construct ppic9/alp5, and then expressed in pichia pastoris strain km71. alp5 had a molecular mass of 42.9kda after 5days growth with 1% methanol induction at 28°c. the recombinant protease ...201424854386
rye grains and the soil derived from under the organic and conventional rye crops as a potential source of biological agents causing respiratory diseases in farmers. 201324494000
grain dust originating from organic and conventional farming as a potential source of biological agents causing respiratory diseases in farmers.agricultural producers are exposed to a number of different health risks associated with their work environment.201324493998
pcr-sscp-based reconstruction of the original fungal flora of heat-processed meat products.food processing of spoiled meat is prohibited by law, since it is a deception and does not comply with food safety aspects. in general, spoilage of meat is mostly caused by bacteria. however, a high contamination level of fungi could be also found in some meat or meat products with certain preserving conditions. in case that unhygienic meat is used to produce heat processed products, the microorganisms will be deactivated by heat, so that they cannot be detected by a standard cultivation method. ...201323361099
effects of sugar and amino acid supplementation on aureobasidium pullulans nrrl 58536 antifungal activity against four aspergillus species.cultured cell extracts from ten tropical strains of aureobasidium pullulans were screened for antifungal activity against four pathogenic aspergillus species (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, and aspergillus terreus) using the well diffusion and conidial germination inhibition assays. the crude cell extract from a. pullulans nrrl 58536 resulted in the greatest fungicidal activity against all four aspergillus species and so was selected for further investigation into ...201323828601
laccases from aureobasidium pullulans.laccases are polyphenol oxidases (ec 1.10.3.2) that have numerous industrial and bioremediation applications. laccases are well known as lignin-degrading enzymes, but these enzymes can play numerous other roles in fungi. in this study, 41 strains of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans were examined for laccase production. enzymes from a. pullulans were distinct from those from lignin-degrading fungi and associated with pigment production. laccases from strains in phylogenetic clade 5, which produ ...201323683702
enhancement of intestinal immune function in mice by β-d-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans adk-34.β-glucans, glucose polymers that are the main constituents of the outer cell walls of micro-organisms such as fungi and yeast, are known to play an immunostimulatory role. we prepared β-glucan (β-(1-3),(1-6)-d-glucan) from an edible cultured fungus through fermentation techniques using a strain of aureobasidium pullulans adk-34. the purity of this β-glucan preparation (ap-fbg) was demonstrated to be high through various instrumental analyses. we then examined the effects of ap-fbg on intestinal ...201323672535
pullulan: an exopolysaccharide and its various applications.pullulan is a non-ionic polysaccharide obtained from fermentation of black yeast like aureobasidium pullulans and is currently exploited in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its unique characteristics. due to its properties like non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic, pullulan is being explored for various biomedical applications viz., gene delivery, targeted drug therapy, tissue engineering, wound healing, and also being used in diagnostic applications like, perfusi ...201323618305
characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family-51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase gene from aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524 and its encoded product.the genomic dna and cdna encoding α-l-arabinofuranosidase were cloned from the dimorphic fungus aureobasidium pullulans atcc 20524 and sequenced. the open reading frame (2097 bp) of the α-l-arabinofuranosidase gene abfb was interrupted by five introns of 49, 49, 50, 65, and 49 bp. the gene encoded a presumed signal peptide of 17 residues and a mature protein of 682 residues with a calculated mr of 74,230 da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 4.95. glu-362 and glu-440 residues are likely invo ...201323597920
induction of stilbene phytoalexins in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and transgenic stilbene synthase-apple plants (malus domestica) by a culture filtrate of aureobasidium pullulans.products containing the epiphytic yeast aureobasidium pullulans are commercially available and applied by fruit growers to prevent several fungal and bacterial diseases of fruit trees. the proposed beneficial mechanisms relate to limitations of space and nutrients for the pathogens in presence of the rapidly proliferating yeast cells. these explanations ignore the potential of yeasts to elicit the plant's defense. our experiments aim at clarifying if an autoclaved and centrifuged suspension of a ...201323578977
a survey of insect assemblages responding to volatiles from a ubiquitous fungus in an agricultural landscape.we report here a first survey of insect orientation to fungal cultures and fungal volatiles from a community ecology perspective. we tested whether volatiles from a ubiquitous yeast-like fungus (aureobasidium pullulans) are broadly attractive to insects in an agricultural landscape. we evaluated insect attraction to fungal cultures and synthetic compounds identified in fungal headspace (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol) in a spearmint (mentha spicata l.) plantation. three ...201323564294
production of polymalic acid and malic acid by aureobasidium pullulans fermentation and acid hydrolysis.malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid widely used in the food industry and also a potential c4 platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. however, microbial fermentation for direct malic acid production is limited by low product yield, titer, and productivity due to end-product inhibition. in this work, a novel process for malic acid production from polymalic acid (pma) fermentation followed by acid hydrolysis was developed. first, a pma-producing aureobasidium pullulans strain zx-10 was s ...201323436475
structural characterization of novel extracellular liamocins (mannitol oils) produced by aureobasidium pullulans strain nrrl 50380.aureobasidium pullulans is a common, ubiquitous fungus, which is used industrially to produce the polysaccharide pullulan. we have previously shown that a. pullulans produces various heavier-than-water oils, first named here as liamocins, that accumulate in fermentations. here we report the structural characterization of four liamocins, a1, a2, b1, and b2, produced by a. pullulans strain nrrl 50380 using a combination of maldi-tof/ms, quadrupole-tof/ms, isotopic labeling, nmr, gc/ms, and classic ...201323435167
characterization of a newly identified rice chitinase-like protein (osclp) homologous to xylanase inhibitor.during rice blast fungal attack, plant xylanase inhibitor proteins (xips) that inhibit fungal xylanase activity are believed to act as a defensive barrier against fungal pathogens. to understand the role of xips in rice, a xylanase inhibitor was cloned from rice. the expression of this gene was examined at the transcriptional/translational levels during compatible and incompatible interactions, and the biochemical activity of this protein was also examined.201323331415
wine aroma improvement using a β-glucosidase preparation from aureobasidium pullulans.microbial β-glucosidases have been used for the enhancement of wine aroma. nevertheless, few enzymes are active in the conditions of winemaking. in this work, the production of a β-glucosidase by an aureobasidium pullulans strain (ap-β-gl) isolated from grape ecosystems was evaluated. the maximum enzymatic synthesis using submerged fermentation was after 96 h of growth in complex media containing 20 g/l of cellobiose as the sole carbon source. the crude enzyme (ap-β-gl) showed optimal ph at 5.5 ...201323233193
an in vitro study of lactobacillus plantarum strains for the presence of plantaricin genes and their potential control of the table olive microbiota.sixteen lactobacillus plantarum strains, isolated from fermented table olives, were studied for the presence and expression of genes involved in the production of bacteriocins, pheromones and other peptides. the presence of 13 genes that belong to pln locus was monitored, while for the study of gene expression, producer strains were cultured in growth medium with variant salinity (0, 4, 6, and 8 % nacl) and ph (3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 6.4). the effect of producer strain on the growth of indicator mic ...201323224439
production of pullulan by aureobasidium pullulans from asian palm kernel: a novel substrate.production of a commercially important biodegradable polymer, pullulan, by aureobasidium pullulans from four agricultural wastes namely wheat bran, rice bran, coconut kernel and palm kernel was evaluated in solid state fermentation. under the experimental conditions, palm kernel resulted in highest concentration of pullulan (16 g/l) among the four solid substrates. optimum initial ph and moisture content for pullulan production were found out to be 6.5 and 50% respectively. 18.43 g/l of pullulan ...201323218356
influence of controlled ph on the activity of udpg-pyrophosphorylase in aureobasidium pullulans.udpg-pyrophosphorylase is the key enzyme involved in pullulan biosynthesis and pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans. in this study, effect of controlled ph on fermentation time, pullulan production, biomass, and udpg-pyrophosphorylase activity was investigated. pullulan yield increased to reach a maximum within 4 days, and maximum udpg-pyrophosphorylase activity was observed at day 3, while the biomass continued to increase until the end of the experimental period. the a. pullulans iso ...201323218345
lipase production by diverse phylogenetic clades of aureobasidium pullulans.thirty-nine strains representing 12 diverse phylogenetic clades of aureobasidium pullulans were surveyed for lipase production using a quantitative assay. strains in clades 4 and 10 produced 0.2-0.3 u lipase/ml, while color variant strain nrrl y-2311-1 in clade 8 produced 0.54 u lipase/ml. strains in clade 9, which exhibit a dark olivaceous pigment, produced the highest levels of lipase, with strain nrrl 62034 yielding 0.57 u lipase/ml. by comparison, candida cylindracea strain nrrl y-17506 prod ...201323801121
aureobasidium pullulans culture supernatant significantly stimulates r-848-activated phagocytosis of pma-induced thp-1 macrophages.toll-like receptors (tlrs), which recognize a wide range of microbial pathogens and pathogen-related products, play important roles in innate immunology. macrophages have a variety of tlrs, and pathogen binding to tlr resulted in the activation of macrophages. r-848, an immune response modifier, is an analog of imidazoquinoline derivative and binds to an endosome-localized tlr to exert an anti-viral response on leukocytes. in the present study, we verified that co-treatment of r-848 with other t ...201323786444
mechanism study of tween 80 enhancing the pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans.the influences of tween 80 on the pullulan production, cell growth, glucosyltransferase activity and fatty acid composition of the cells were studied. the addition of tween 80 to the culture medium significantly enhanced the pullulan production, but had no impact to biomass accumulation. glucosyltransferase activity involved in pullulan synthesis was remarkable promoted with an increase of tween 80 content. the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids contained in the cells was significantly h ...201323769526
aureobasidium thailandense sp. nov. isolated from leaves and wooden surfaces.aureobasidium thailandense sp. nov. is described from cultures of material collected on leaves and wooden surfaces in thailand and the type isolate is nrrl 58539(t). phylogenetically it is distinct from other species of the genus aureobasidium. phenotypically it is distinguished by its cardinal growth temperatures, salt tolerance and production of reddish brown hyphal pigmentation in pda cultures, but micro-morphologically it is not clearly distinguishable from aureobasidium pullulans. unlike a. ...201323178722
antidiabetic activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced t2dm rats.this study evaluated the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharide (fos) intake from aureobasidium pullulans using poloxamer-407 (px-407) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) in rat. administration of fos enhanced enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. significant reduction in fasting plasma triacylglycerol and very low-density lipoprotein level coupled with slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level was observed. significant decrease in ...201323122132
biodiversity and safety aspects of yeast strains characterized from vineyards and spontaneous fermentations in the apulia region, italy.this work is the first large-scale study on vineyard-associated yeast strains from apulia (southern italy). yeasts were identified by internal transcribed spacer (its) ribotyping and bioinformatic analysis. the polymorphism of interdelta elements was used to differentiate saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. twenty different species belonging to 9 genera were identified. predominant on the grape surface were metschnikowia pulcherrima, hanseniaspora uvarum and aureobasidium pullulans, whereas m. pul ...201324010615
role of a gata-type transcriptional repressor sre1 in regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the marine-derived aureobasidium pullulans hn6.2.the gata-type transcriptional repressor structural gene sre1 was isolated from both the genomic dna and mrna of the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans hn6.2 by inverse pcr and race. an open reading frame (orf) of 1,002 bp encoding a 334 amino acid protein (a calculated isoelectric point: 8.6) with a calculated molecular weight of 35.1 kda was characterized. the corresponding gene had one single intron of 51 bp, and in its promoter two putative 5'-hgatar-3' sequences could be recognized. the de ...201323990279
statistical studies on high molecular weight pullulan production in solid state fermentation using jack fruit seed.the purpose of the work was to optimize the medium variables for maximizing pullulan production using jack fruit seed as a low cost substrate by aureobasidium pullulans in solid state fermentation. effects of k2hpo4, kh2po4, znso4·5h2o, mgso4·7h2o, nacl, (nh4)2so4·5h2o, yeast extract, moisture content (%, w/w) in the production medium on pullulan production were studied using plackett-burman design. production of pullulan was significantly affected by the medium variables namely kh2po4, znso4·5h ...201323987421
combining mutualistic yeast and pathogenic virus--a novel method for codling moth control.the combination of a pathogenic virus and mutualistic yeasts isolated from larvae of codling moth cydia pomonella is proposed as a novel insect control technique. apples were treated with codling moth granulovirus (cpgv) and either one of three yeasts, metschnikowia pulcherrima, cryptococcus tephrensis, or aureobasidium pullulans. the combination of yeasts with cpgv significantly increased mortality of neonate codling moth larvae, compared with cpgv alone. the three yeasts were equally efficient ...201323881444
pullulan production and physiological characteristics of aureobasidium pullulans under acid stress.in this study, batch processes of pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m 2012259 under different ph environments were evaluated. the ph of the medium decreased quickly to an acid stress condition under batch fermentation without ph control. a higher pullulan production was always obtained with a lower biomass under a given glucose concentration with constant ph control, and vice versa. based on the nonlinear regression analysis of the results obtained from diverse ph control mode ...201323868298
aureobasidium pullulans infection in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.saprophytic fungi are being increasingly recognized as etiologic agents of mycoses in immunosuppressed patients. we report a case of subcutaneous infiltration by aureobasidium pullulans, likely due to traumatic inoculation, in a neutropenic patient during chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. the patient was treated with amphotericin b deoxycholate but was subsequently switched to itraconazole, which improved the lesion. this case highlights the importance of considering unusual fungal ...201324270260
natural antifouling compounds produced by a novel fungus aureobasidium pullulans hn isolated from marine biofilm.a fungus, aureobasidium pullulans, was isolated from marine biofilm and identified. a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure was developed to isolate and purify antifouling compounds from a. pullulans hn. the procedure was: fermentation broth-aeration and addition of sodium thiosulfate-graduated ph and liquid-liquid extraction-spe purification-gc-ms analysis. firstly, the fermentation broth was tested for its toxicity. then it was treated with aeration and addition of sodium thiosulfate, and it ...201324210009
multiple rare opportunistic and pathogenic fungi in persistent foot skin infection.persistent superficial skin infection caused by multiple fungi is rarely reported. recently, a number of fungi, both opportunistic and persistent in nature were isolated from the foot skin of a 24-year old male in malaysia. the fungi were identified as candida parapsilosis, rhodotorula mucilaginosa, phoma spp., debaryomyces hansenii, acremonium spp., aureobasidium pullulans and aspergillus spp., this is the first report on these opportunistic strains were co-isolated from a healthy individual wh ...201324175430
insertion of a specific fungal 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase motif into a plant homologue improves halotolerance and drought tolerance of plants.soil salinity and drought are among the most serious agricultural and environmental problems of today. therefore, investigations of plant resistance to abiotic stress have received a lot of attention in recent years. in this study, we identified the complete coding sequence of a 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase protein, aphal2, from the halotolerant yeast aureobasidium pullulans. expression of the aphal2 gene in a saccharomyces cerevisiae hal2 mutant complemented the mutant auxotrophy for meth ...201324349144
partial optimization of endo-1, 4-β-xylanase production by aureobasidium pullulans using agro-industrial residues.objective(s) : although bacteria and molds are the pioneering microorganisms for production of many enzymes, yet yeasts provide safe and reliable sources of enzymes with applications in food and feed.201324570830
production of poly(β-l-malic acid) (pma) from agricultural biomass substrates by aureobasidium pullulans.for the first time the production of poly(β-l -malic acid) (pma) has been achieved using agricultural biomass substrates by the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans. strains nrrl y-2311-1, nrrl 50382, nrrl 50383, and nrrl 50384, representing diverse isolation sources and phylogenetic clades, produced pma from alkaline h(2)o(2)-pretreated corn fiber and wheat straw as sole carbon sources. pretreated wheat straw was better than pretreated corn fiber, and strain nrrl 50383 gave the highest ove ...201322955679
pullulan fermentation using a prototype rotational reciprocating plate impeller.a rotational reciprocating plate impeller prototype, designed to improve the mixing homogeneity of viscous non-newtonian fermentation broth, has been tested in pullulan fermentations. with this new impeller, the operating levels of several factors were investigated to improve pullulan production with aureobasidium pullulans atcc 42023 in a 22-l bioreactor using experimental designs. because both high molecular weight (mw) and high concentration of pullulan were desired; the exopolysaccharide (ep ...201322940838
[screening and identification of high-yield poly(β-malic acid) bacterial strain].to isolate and identify the high-yield poly-malic acid (pmla) bacterial strains from the nature.201222927080
yeasts from phylloplane and their capability to produce indole-3-acetic acid.yeasts were isolated from the phylloplane of various plant species collected from seven provinces in thailand. a total of 114 yeast strains and 10 strains of a yeast-like fungus were obtained by enrichment isolation from 91 out of 97 leaf samples (93.8 %). on the basis of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit rrna gene sequence similarity, 98 strains were identified to be of 36 yeast species in 18 genera belonging to ascomycota viz. candida, clavispora, cyberlindnera, debaryomyces, hanseniaspora ...201222886557
effect of β-glucan originated from aureobasidium pullulans on asthma induced by ovalbumin in mouse.the objective of this study is to detect the effect of beta-glucan derived from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001, a uv induced mutant of a. pullulans on the ovalbumin (ova) induced allergic asthma. the test articles were orally administered to ova-inducing asthmatic mice 4 days after sensitization for 13 days at 31.25, 62.5 or 125 mg/kg levels. three days after the ova sensitization, ten mice were selected per group based on body weight and were sacrificed three days after the ova aerosol challen ...201222870817
new improved method for fructooligosaccharides production by aureobasidium pullulans.fructooligosaccharides are prebiotics with numerous health benefits within which the improvement of gut microbiota balance can be highlighted, playing a key role in individual health. in this study, an integrated one-stage method for fos production via sucrose fermentation by aureobasidium pullulans was developed and optimized using experimental design tools. optimization of temperature and agitation speed for maximizing the fos production was performed using response surface methodology. temper ...201224750929
β-glucan derived from aureobasidium pullulans is effective for the prevention of influenza in mice.β-(1→3)-d-glucans with β-(1→6)-glycosidic linked branches produced by mushrooms, yeast and fungi are known to be an immune activation agent, and are used in anti-cancer drugs or health-promoting foods. in this report, we demonstrate that oral administration of aureobasidium pullulans-cultured fluid (ap-cf) enriched with the β-(1→3),(1→6)-d-glucan exhibits efficacy to protect mice infected with a lethal titer of the a/puerto rico/8/34 (pr8; h1n1) strain of influenza virus. the survival rate of th ...201222844473
media optimization for elevated molecular weight and mass production of pigment-free pullulan.in this study, an aureobasidium pullulans szu 1001 mutant, deficient in pigment production, was screened by complex uv and γ-ray mutagenesis. medium composition optimization for increased pullulan molecular weight and production was conducted using this mutant. six nutrients: yeast extract, (nh4)2so4, k2hpo4, nacl, mgso4·7h2o and cacl2 were detected within pullulan production in flasks. it is shown that nacl and k2hpo4 have significant influences on molecular weight of pullulan, while yeast extr ...201224750882
production of pullulan by a thermotolerant aureobasidium pullulans strain in non-stirred fed batch fermentation process.total 95 isolates of aureobasidium pullulans were isolated from different flowers and leaves samples, out of which 11 thermotolerant strains produced pullulan. one thermotolerant non-melanin pullulan producing strain, designated as rg-5, produced highest pullulan (37.1±1.0 g/l) at 42(o)c, ph 5.5 in 48h of incubation with 3% sucrose and 0.5% ammonium sulphate in a non-stirred fed batch fermentor of 6 liters capacity. the two liters of initial volume of fermentation medium was further fed with the ...201224031927
volatile emissions from an epiphytic fungus are semiochemicals for eusocial wasps.microbes are ubiquitous on plant surfaces. however, interactions between epiphytic microbes and arthropods are rarely considered as a factor that affects arthropod behaviors. here, volatile emissions from an epiphytic fungus were investigated as semiochemical attractants for two eusocial wasps. the fungus aureobasidium pullulans was isolated from apples, and the volatile compounds emitted by fungal colonies were quantified. the attractiveness of fungal colonies and fungal volatiles to social was ...201222644482
a small scale study on the effects of oral administration of the β-glucan produced by aureobasidium pullulans on milk quality and cytokine expressions of holstein cows, and on bacterial flora in the intestines of japanese black calves.the β-(1 → 3),(1 → 6)-d-glucan extracellularly produced by aureobasidium pullulans exhibits immunomodulatory activity, and is used for health supplements. to examine the effects of oral administration of the β-(1 → 3),(1 → 6)-d-glucan to domestic animals, a small scale study was conducted using holstein cows and newborn japanese black calves.201222534338
[effect of oral administration of β-d-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans adk-34 on candida and mrsa infections in immunosuppressed mice].we examined the effect of the oral administration of β-d-glucan derived from aureobasidium pullulans adk-34 (ap-fbg) on candida albicans or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in immunosuppressed mice. mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (cy) were intraperitoneally administered ap-fbg for 4 days and then infected with 6×10(4) c. albicans cells. in a preliminary experiment, the survival time of the candida-infected mice treated with ap-fbg was clearly prolonged. similar ...201222467130
hypothyroidism-related onycholysis with aureobasidium pullulans colonization successfully treated with antifungal therapy.this is a report, the first to my knowledge, of secondary nail-apparatus involvement by aureobasidium pullulans in a patient with onycholysis related to hypothyroidism. complete cure of the lesions was seen after 2 weeks of itraconazole and 2 months of local bifonazole therapy. this case raises concern about the extent of involvement of this yeast in onycholysis of diverse clinical aetiologies.201222439886
intensification of β-poly(l: -malic acid) production by aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1 in the late exponential growth phase.β-poly(malic acid) (pmla) has attracted industrial interest because this polyester can be used as a prodrug or for drug delivery systems. in pmla production by aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1, it was found that plma production was associated with cell growth in the early exponential growth phase and dissociated from cell growth in the late exponential growth phase. to enhance pmla production in the late phase, different fermentation modes and strategies for controlling culture redox potential (crp ...201222395899
efficacy test of polycan, a beta-glucan originated from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001, on anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy-induced-osteoarthritis rats.the object of this study was to assess the efficacy of polycan from aureobasidium pullulans sm-2001, which is composed mostly of beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, on osteoarthritis (oa)-induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy (aclt&pmm). three different dosages of polycan (85, 42.5, and 21.25 mg/kg) were orally administered once a day for 84 days to male rats a week after aclt&pmm surgery. changes in the circumference and maximum extension angle of each knee, and in ...201222370362
pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans atcc 201253 cells adsorbed onto cellulose anion and cation exchangers.the anion exchanger phosphocellulose and the cation exchanger triethylaminoethyl cellulose were used to immobilize cells of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans atcc 201253 and the adsorbed cells were subsequently investigated for their ability to produce the polysaccharide pullulan using batch fermentation. the cells adsorbed on the triethylaminoethyl cellulose at ph 7.5 produced higher pullulan levels than those cells immobilized on phosphocellulose at ph 4.0 for 2 cycles of 168 h at 30 °c. rela ...201223762749
water quality and diversity of yeasts from tropical lakes and rivers from the rio doce basin in southeastern brazil.yeast communities were assessed in 14 rivers and four lakes from the doce river basin in brazil, during the rainy and dry seasons of the years 2000 and 2001. water samples were collected at the subsurface in all sites. the following physical and chemical parameters were measured: temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus, ortho-phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen and the counts of faecal coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria were carried out ...201224031990
genome sequence of aureobasidium pullulans ay4, an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen with diverse biotechnological potential.aureobasidium pullulans ay4 is an opportunistic pathogen that was isolated from the skin of an immunocompromised patient. we present here the draft genome of strain ay4, which reveals an abundance of genes relevant to bioindustrial applications, including biocontrol and biodegradation. putative genes responsible for the pathogenicity of strain ay4 were also identified.201223104371
siderophore-mediated iron uptake promotes yeast-bacterial symbiosis.in the present study, siderophore produced by the marine yeast aureobasidium pullulans was characterized as hydroxamate by chemical and bioassays. the hydroxamate assignment was supported by the appearance of peaks at 1,647.21-1,625.99 cm(-1) and at 1,435.04 cm(-1) in the infrared spectrum. the purified siderophore exhibited specific growth-promoting activity under iron-limited conditions for siderophore auxotrophic probiotic bacteria. cross-utilization of siderophore indicates a symbiotic relat ...201223086281
yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with fruits and blossoms of different fruit trees.yeasts are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere, but our knowledge of their diversity in various plant organs is still limited. this study focused on the diversity of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with matured fruits and fully open blossoms of apple, plum, and pear trees, during 2 consecutive years at 3 localities in southwest slovakia. the occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in fruit samples was 2½ times higher and the yeast community more diverse than that in blossom s ...201223210991
environmental factors affect the activity of biocontrol agents against ochratoxigenic aspergillus carbonarius on wine grape.the influence of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on the activity of three biocontrol agents-the yeast metschnikowia pulcherrima ls16 and two strains of the yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans ls30 and au34-2-against infection by a. carbonarius and ochratoxin a (ota) accumulation in wine grape berries was investigated in lab-scale experiments. the presence of wounds on grape skin dramatically favored infection of berries by a. carbonarius strain a1102, since unwounded berries showed ...201222921968
inhibitory effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1,3-1,6) d-glucan isolated from aureobasidium pullulans 1a1 strain black yeast on mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.we investigated the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1,3-1,6) d-glucan isolated from aureobasidium pullulans 1a1 strain black yeast (lmw-β-glucan) on mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions. although it is known that lmw-β-glucan has anti-tumor, anti-metastatic and anti-stress effects, the roles of lmw-β-glucan in immediate-type allergic reactions have not been fully investigated. we examined whether lmw-β-glucan could inhibit mast cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaph ...201222232243
endophytic fungi from vitis labrusca l. ('niagara rosada') and its potential for the biological control of fusarium oxysporum.we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (vitis labrusca cv. niagara rosada) leaves collected from salesópolis, sp, brazil. the fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 rdna. in addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. we also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature ...201223315803
antibacterial and antimycotic activities of slovenian honeys.in the present study, slovenian honey samples produced from different floral sources are evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. the peroxide contribution to antibacterial activity is also determined. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of the honeys was assessed against four bacterial species (escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus) and against eight fungal species (aspergillus niger, aureobasidium pullulans, candida alb ...201223304790
the diversity and antifungal susceptibility of the yeasts isolated from coconut water and reconstituted fruit juices in brazil.the aims of this study were to characterise the yeasts present in the reconstituted fruit juices and coconut water extracted with "coconut machines", both collected from commercial outlets in a brazilian city, and to investigate the antifungal resistance of isolates from these beverages that were able to grow at 37°c. the yeast population counts in the coconut water samples ranged from 1.7 to >6.5logcfu/ml, and in the reconstituted fruit juices, the counts ranged from 1.5 to >5.5logcfu/ml. aureo ...201223290225
utilization of corn steep liquor for biosynthesis of pullulan, an important exopolysaccharide.five different agricultural wastes viz. rice bran oil cake, soya bean oil cake, cotton seed oil cake, mustard seed oil cake and corn steep liquor (csl) were evaluated for their use as nutrient along with 15% (w/v) glucose as carbon source for biosynthesis of pullulan using aureobasidium pullulans rbf 4a3. among the selected agricultural wastes, csl was found to be the best and supported production of 77.92gl(-1) pullulan under un-optimized conditions. single point optimization technique resulted ...201223465906
oligo-dna custom macroarray for monitoring major pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi and bacteria in the phyllosphere of apple trees.to monitor the richness in microbial inhabitants in the phyllosphere of apple trees cultivated under various cultural and environmental conditions, we developed an oligo-dna macroarray for major pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi and bacteria inhabiting the phyllosphere of apple trees.201222479577
cloning, characterization, expression and antifungal activity of an alkaline serine protease of aureobasidium pullulans pl5 involved in the biological control of postharvest pathogens.an alkaline protease gene was amplified from genomic dna and cdna of the antagonistic yeast-like fungus aureobasidium pullulans pl5, a biocontrol agent effective against monilinia laxa on stone fruit and botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum on pome fruits. an open reading frame of 1248 bp encoding a 415-amino acid (aa) protein with a calculated molecular weight (m(r)) of 42.9 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 4.5 was characterized. the cdnaalp5 gene had an 18-amino acid signal peptide, o ...201122225984
screening wild yeast strains for alcohol fermentation from various fruits.wild yeasts on the surface of various fruits including grapes were surveyed to obtain yeast strains suitable for fermenting a novel wine with higher alcohol content and supplemented with rice starch. we considered selected characteristics, such as tolerance to alcohol and osmotic pressure, capability of utilizing maltose, and starch hydrolysis. among 637 putative yeast isolates, 115 strains exhibiting better growth in yeast-peptone-dextrose broth containing 30% dextrose, 7% alcohol, or 2% maltos ...201122783070
Optimization of culture medium for enhanced production of exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans.Polysaccharides produced by microorganisms are utilized for a variety of purposes, including the use in cosmetics and as food additives. More recently, polysaccharides have been exploited by the medical and pharmaceutical industries, and those originated from many species of mushrooms have been especially useful in industrial applications; however, the production and synthesis of these compounds is costly and time consuming. In this study, we developed a method for low-cost production of exopoly ...201121915672
The unique role of siderophore in marine-derived Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2.The L: -ornithine-N (5)-monooxygenase structural gene (SidA gene, accession number: FJ769160) was isolated from both the genomic DNA and cDNA of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2 by inverse PCR and RT-PCR. An open reading frame of 1,461 bp encoding a 486 amino acid protein (isoelectric point: 7.79) with calculated molecular weight of 55.4 kDa was characterized. The promoter of the gene (intronless) was located from -1 to -824 and had three HGATAR boxes which wer ...201121989767
aureobasidium pullulans var. melanigenum fungemia in a pediatric patient.this report describes a chronically ill child who presented with high fever and was diagnosed with catheter-related sepsis. aureobasidium pullulans variety melanigenum, a dematiaceous fungus that rarely causes opportunistic infections, was recovered from multiple blood cultures. antifungal susceptibilities were performed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) for fluconazole was 64 mg/l, suggestive of fluconazole resistance. the patient made a full recovery after removal of the catheter ...201120513170
functional and structural microbial diversity in organic and conventional viticulture: organic farming benefits natural biocontrol agents.statistically significant differences in the structure and function of above-ground grapevine-associated microorganisms from organically and conventionally managed vineyards were found. aureobasidium pullulans, a copper-detoxifying fungus and biocontrol agent, plays a key role in explaining these differences. the black fungus was strongly enriched in the communities of organically managed plants and yielded a higher indigenous antiphytopathogenic potential.201121278278
heavy oils produced by aureobasidium pullulans.from a survey of more than 50 diverse strains of aureobasidium pullulans, 21 produced extracellular heavy oils. most oil producers fell into phylogenetic clades 8, 9, and 11. oil colors ranged from bright yellow to malachite. more than half of the strains produced oil that was fluorescent. in medium containing 5% (w/v) sucrose, oil yields ranged from 0.5 to 6 g oil/l. strain cu 43 reached stationary growth phase at day 4 while oil yields were maximal at day 6. cu 43 produced bright yellow, highl ...201121293903
continuous pullulan fermentation in a biofilm reactor.biofilm is a natural form of cell immobilization in which microorganisms attach onto solid support. in this study, a pigment-reduced pullulan-producing strain, aureobasidium pullulans (atcc 201253), was used for continuous pullulan fermentation in a plastic composite support (pcs) biofilm reactor. optimal conditions for the continuous pullulan production were determined by evaluating the effects of the feeding medium with various concentrations of ammonium sulfate and sucrose and dilution rate. ...201121327406
evaluation of medium composition and fermentation parameters on pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans.the goal of this study was to enhance pullulan production by evaluating the effects of different fermentation parameters. various carbon sources and their concentrations, yeast extract (ye) concentrations, fermentation temperatures and various ph profiles were examined. the optimal growth condition for pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans has been found as 75 g/l of sucrose as carbon source, 3 g/l of ye and cultivation temperature at 30 (°)c. under these conditions with an initial ph a ...201121421674
protective effect of ß-(1,3 ? 1,6)-d-glucan against irritant-induced gastric lesions.ß-(1,3)-d-glucan with ß-(1,6) branches has been reported to have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumour and anti-infection activities, which result from its immunomodulating effects. gastric lesions result from an imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. in the present study, we examined the effect of ß-(1,3)-d-glucan with ß-(1,6) branches isolated from aureobasidium pullulans on the gastric ulcerogenic response in mice. oral administration of ß-glucan ameliorated gas ...201121443814
industrial production of fructooligosaccharides by immobilized cells of aureobasidium pullulans in a packed bed reactor.continuous production of fructooligosaccharides (fos) by aureobasidium pullulans immobilized on calcium alginate beads with a packed bed was investigated at a plant scale reactor. optimum conditions were with 770 g sucrose/l, being fed at 200 l/h at 50°c which gave a productivity of 180 g fos/l h. initial activity was maintained for more than 100 days. the reactor was successfully scaled up to a production scale of 1.2 m(3).201121479630
isolation and selection of yeasts from wine grape ecosystem secreting cold-active pectinolytic activity.the present study was undertaken with the purpose of selecting yeasts from wine grapes that are able to produce extracellular cold-active pectinases. after two consecutive selections yeast isolates were identified by pheno- and genotyping, and pectinolytic activity was preliminarily characterised at proximate winemaking conditions. out of 1023 indigenous microorganisms isolated from grape skins of d.o. san rafael (mendoza, argentina) viticulture region, 565 (55%) showed pectinolytic activity on ...201121529977
associations between fungal species and water damaged building materials.fungal growth in damp or water damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. one aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water damaged building materials. another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fung ...201121531835
yeast biocontrol of fungal spoilage of pears stored at low temperature.to reduce the use of fungicides, biological control with yeasts has been proposed in postharvest pears. most studies of antagonists selection have been carried out at room temperature. however, in regions like north patagonia where fruits are stored at -1/0°c during 5-7months the selection of potential antagonist agents must be carried out at low temperature. in this study, 75 yeast cultures were isolated from healthy pears from two patagonian cold-storage packinghouses. aureobasidium pullulans, ...201121546110
high-level production of poly (β-l: -malic acid) with a new isolated aureobasidium pullulans strain.poly (β-l: -malic acid) (pmla) is a water-soluble polyester with many attractive properties in chemical industry and medicine development. however, the low titer of pmla in the available producer strains limits further industrialization efforts and restricts its many potential applications. in order to solve this problem, a new strain with the distinguished high productivity of pmla was isolated from fresh plants samples. it was characterized as the candidate of aureobasidium pullulans based on ...201121655983
effect of carbon source on polysaccharide production by alginate-entrapped aureobasidium pullulans atcc 42023 cells.the production of the exopolysaccharide pullulan using entrapped cells of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans atcc 42023 was investigated relative to carbon source. fungal cells grown on glucose or sucrose as a carbon source were entrapped in calcium alginate beads and found to be capable of synthesizing the polysaccharide for two production cycles. using 2.5% glucose or sucrose as a carbon source, productivity was 18.3 or 21.9 mg polysaccharide/g cells × h, respectively after the initial product ...201121656821
infection of the lymphatic system by aureobasidium pullulans in a patient with erythema nodosum leprosum.aureobasidium pullulans is a causal agent of phaeohyphomycosis, occasionally found in men and animals. as an agent of different opportunistic fungal processes, it may cause fungemia, systemic infections and abscesses in different viscera. this paper aims to report a case of a patient with infection of the lymphatic system by a. pullulans. a 23-year-old patient being treated for erythema nodosum leprosum presented a 60-day complaint of daily fever, hoarseness, odynophagia and weight loss. laborat ...201121670933
pullulan: biosynthesis, production, and applications.pullulan is a linear glucosic polysaccharide produced by the polymorphic fungus aureobasidium pullulans, which has long been applied for various applications from food additives to environmental remediation agents. this review article presents an overview of pullulan's chemistry, biosynthesis, applications, state-of-the-art advances in the enhancement of pullulan production through the investigations of enzyme regulations, molecular properties, cultivation parameters, and bioreactor design. the ...201121800030
pullulan production by aureobasidium pullulans cells immobilized in chitosan beads : fungal pullulan production by immobilized cells.fungal cells of aureobasidium pullulans atcc 201253 were immobilized by entrapment in chitosan beads, and the immobilized cells were investigated for their ability to produce the polysaccharide pullulan using batch fermentation. the 1% chitosan-entrapped fungal cells were capable of producing pullulan for two cycles of 168 h using corn syrup as a carbon source. pullulan production by the immobilized cells increased by 1.6-fold during the second production cycle (5.0 g/l) relative to the first pr ...201121713570
poly(+¦-l-malic acid) production by diverse phylogenetic clades of aureobasidium pullulans.poly(+¦-l-malic acid) (pma) is a natural biopolyester that has pharmaceutical applications and other potential uses. in this study, we examined pma production by 56 strains of the fungus aureobasidium pullulans representing genetically diverse phylogenetic clades. thirty-six strains were isolated from various locations in iceland and thailand. all strains from iceland belonged to a newly recognized clade 13, while strains from thailand were distributed among 8 other clades, including a novel cla ...201121720775
characterization of the skin fungal microbiota in patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects.patients with atopic dermatitis (ad) are highly susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal skin infections because their skin is dry, which are involved in the barrier function of the skin. therefore, the skin microbiota of patients with ad is believed to be different from that of healthy individuals. in the present study, we compared the skin fungal microbiota of nine patients with mild, moderate, or severe ad and ten healthy subjects using an rrna clone library. fungal d1/d2 large subunit (ls ...201121699559
recombinant expression, activity screening and functional characterization identifies three novel endo-1,4-+¦-glucanases that efficiently hydrolyse cellulosic substrates.the hydrolysis of cellulose into fermentable sugars is a costly and rate-limiting step in the production of biofuels from renewable feedstocks. developing new cellulase systems capable of increased cellulose hydrolysis rates would reduce biofuel production costs. with this in mind, we screened 55 fungal endoglucanases for their abilities to be expressed at high levels by aspergillus niger and to hydrolyze amorphous cellulose at rates significantly greater than that obtained with trcel5a, one of ...201121710260
Different active biomolecules involved in biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by three fungus species.In this paper, the intracellular gold nanoparticles were biosynthesized using three fungi including Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), Fusarium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) after immersion the fungal cells in AuCl4- ions solution. UV-vis and FTIR spectrum, and biochemical compositions analysis of Au nano-fungal cells suggested that active biomolecules of reducing sugar of A. pullulans, and proteins in Fusarium sp. and F. oxysporum were tested positive of providing the function ...201121702362
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is required for cytokine induction by a highly 6-branched 1,3-β-d-glucan from aureobasidium pullulans in mouse-derived splenocytes.we have previously obtained and elucidated the precise structure of a highly branched 1,3-β-d-glucan (with 6-monoglucopyranosyl side chains), aureobasidium pullulans-fermented β-d-glucan (ap-fbg), from the fungus a. pullulans. however, the mechanism(s) of the effects of ap-fbg on in vitro mouse primary cells have not been analyzed in detail. herein, we report that the induction of cytokines by ap-fbg was dependent on the existence of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf); t ...201120672970
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