Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
identification of a trichothecene production inhibitor by chemical array and library screening using trichodiene synthase as a target protein.trichothecene mycotoxins often accumulate in apparently normal grains of cereal crops. in an effort to develop an agricultural chemical to reduce trichothecene contamination, we screened trichothecene production inhibitors from the compounds on the chemical arrays. by using the trichodiene (tdn) synthase tagged with hexahistidine (rtri5) as a target protein, 32 hit compounds were obtained from chemical library of the riken natural product depository (npdepo) by chemical array screening. at 10μgm ...201728456298
the fgvps39-fgvam7-fgsso1 complex mediates vesicle trafficking and is important for the development and virulence of fusarium graminearum.vesicle trafficking is an important event in eukaryotic organisms. many proteins and lipids transported between different organelles or compartments are essential for survival. these processes are mediated by soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (snare) proteins, rab-gtpases, and multisubunit tethering complexes such as class c core vacuole or endosome tethering and homotypic fusion or vacuole protein sorting (hops). our previous study has demonstrated that fgvam ...201728437167
the glycogen synthase kinase mogsk1, regulated by mps1 map kinase, is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in magnaporthe oryzae.magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease, is one of the most destructive plant pathogens, causing significant yield losses on staple crops such as rice and wheat. the fungus infects plants with a specialized cell called an appressorium, whose development is tightly regulated by mapk signaling pathways following the activation of upstream sensors in response to environmental stimuli. here, we show the expression of the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk3) mogsk1 in m. oryzae is regulate ...201728424497
synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and thiazole-based strobilurins as potent fungicide candidates.strobilurin fungicides play a crucial role in protecting plants against different pathogens and securing food supplies. a series of 1,2,3-thiadiazole and thiazole-based strobilurins were rationally designed, synthesized, characterized, and tested against various fungi. introduction of 1,2,3-thiadiazole greatly improved the fungicidal activity of the target molecules. compounds 8a, 8c, 8d, and 10i exhibited a relatively broad spectrum of fungicidal activity. compound 8a showed excellent activitie ...201728055187
synthesis of novel pyrimethanil grafted chitosan derivatives with enhanced antifungal activity.in this study, three pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (pml-g-cs) derivatives were obtained. the structures of the conjugates were confirmed by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, and ea. the grafting ratios were measured by hplc. antifungal properties of pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (pml-g-cs) derivatives against the plant pathogenic fungi rhizoctonia solani and gibberella zeae were investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/l. the pml-g-cs derivatives showed enhanced antifungal activity in comparison wi ...201627529072
fusarium and mycotoxin spectra in swiss barley are affected by various cropping techniques.fusarium head blight is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. cereals differ in terms of the main occurring fusarium species and the infection is influenced by various factors, such as weather and cropping measures. little is known about fusarium species in barley in switzerland, hence harvest samples from growers were collected in 2013 and 2014, along with information on respective cropping factors. the incidence of different fusarium species was obtained by using a seed health t ...201627491813
synthesis and antifungal activity of dehydroabietic acid-based 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone compounds.in an attempt to search for new natural products-based antifungal agents, a series of novel dehydroabietic acid derivatives bearing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiazolidinone moiety were designed and synthesized. the primary bioassay used showed that at a concentration of [formula: see text], the target compounds 3c, 3f, and 3n exhibited excellent antifungal activity (91.3 % inhibition) against gibberella zeae, which was equivalent to the commercial antifungal drug azoxystrobin (positive control).201627480629
the complete mitogenome of fusarium gerlachii.the structure of the fusarium gerlachii mitogenome is similar to that of closely related fusarium graminearum; it has a total length of 93,428 bp, the base composition of the genome is: a (35.3%), t (32.8%), c (14.7%) and g (17.2%). the mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna (rrna) and 28 transfer rna (trna) genes. the trna genes range in size from 62 bp to 88 bp. the gene order is identical to that of the other fusarium mitogenomes.201625319291
an rnai-based control of fusarium graminearum infections through spraying of long dsrnas involves a plant passage and is controlled by the fungal silencing machinery.meeting the increasing food and energy demands of a growing population will require the development of ground-breaking strategies that promote sustainable plant production. host-induced gene silencing has shown great potential for controlling pest and diseases in crop plants. however, while delivery of inhibitory noncoding double-stranded (ds)rna by transgenic expression is a promising concept, it requires the generation of transgenic crop plants which may cause substantial delay for application ...201627737019
wheat blast and fusarium head blight display contrasting interaction patterns on ears of wheat genotypes differing in resistance.the interaction of wheat with two ear pathogens, magnaporthe wheat blast (mwb) and fusarium graminearum (fusarium head blight, fhb), was studied on the phenotypic, histological, and gene expression level. most of the 27 wheat cultivars inoculated with mwb and f. graminearum displayed inverse disease responses to blast and fhb infection. two cultivars, milan and sumai 3, were selected expressing converse disease phenotypes to blast (milan, r)/(sumai 3, s) and fhb (milan, s)/(sumai 3, r). confocal ...201626574785
volatiles emitted from maize ears simultaneously infected with two fusarium species mirror the most competitive fungal pathogen.along with barley and rice, maize provides staple food for more than half of the world population. maize ears are regularly infected with fungal pathogens of the fusarium genus, which, besides reducing yield, also taint grains with toxic metabolites. in an earlier work, we have shown that maize ears infection with single fusarium strains was detectable through volatile sensing. in nature, infection most commonly occurs with more than a single fungal strain; hence we tested how the interactions o ...201627729923
the chitin synthase fgchs2 and other fgchss co-regulate vegetative development and virulence in f. graminearum.fusarium graminearum contains eight chitin synthase (chs) genes belonging to seven classes. previous studies have found that deletion of fgchs3b is lethal to f. graminearum, and deletion of fgchs1, fgchs2, fgchs7 and fgchs5 caused diverse defects in chitin content, mycelial growth, conidiation, virulence or stress responses. however, little is known about the functional relationships among these fgchss. in this study, fgchs2 deletion mutant δfgchs2 exhibited reduced mycelial growth and virulence ...201627725723
occurrence of toxigenic fusarium vorosii among small grain cereals in korea.fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) causes fusarium head blight in small grain cereals. to date, four species (f. graminearum, f. asiaticum, f. boothii, and f. meridionale ) belonging to fgsc frequently occur in korean cereals. in addition, we first reported the occurrence of additional species (f. vorosii ) within fgsc, which was isolated from barley, corn, and rice in korea. phylogenetic analysis of the fusarium isolates of this group using combined multi-gene sequences confirmed speci ...201627721690
crystal structure of os79 (os04g0206600) from oryza sativa: a udp-glucosyltransferase involved in the detoxification of deoxynivalenol.fusarium head blight is a plant disease with significant agricultural and health impact which affects cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and maize and is characterized by reduced grain yield and the accumulation of trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). studies have identified trichothecene production as a virulence factor in fusarium graminearum and have linked don resistance to the ability to form don-3-o-glucoside in wheat. here, the structures of a deoxynivalenol:udp-glucosy ...201627715009
metabolomics and cheminformatics analysis of antifungal function of plant metabolites.fusarium head blight (fhb), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat. partial resistance to fhb of several wheat cultivars includes specific metabolic responses to inoculation. previously published studies have determined major metabolic changes induced by pathogens in resistant and susceptible plants. functionality of the majority of these metabolites in resistance remains unknown. in this work we have made a compilation of all metabolites determined as select ...201627706030
a natural mutation involving both pathogenicity and perithecium formation in the fusarium graminearum species complex.members of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fg complex or fgsc) are the primary pathogens causing fusarium head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. a natural pathogenicity mutant (strain 0225022) was found in a sample of the fg complex collected in japan. the mutant strain did not induce symptoms in wheat spikes beyond the point of inoculation, and did not form perithecia. no segregation of phenotypic deficiencies occurred in the progenies of a cross between the mutant and a fully pat ...201627678518
specific binding of fusarium graminearum hex1 protein to untranslated regions of the genomic rna of fusarium graminearum virus 1 correlates with increased accumulation of both strands of viral rna.the hex1 gene of fusarium graminearum was previously reported to be required for the efficient accumulation of fusarium graminearum virus 1 (fgv1) rna in its host. to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the production of fghex1 and the replication of fgv1 viral rna, we conducted electrophoretic mobility shift assays (emsa) with recombinant fghex1 protein and rna sequences derived from various regions of fgv1 genomic rna. these analyses demonstrated that fghex1 and both the 5'- and 3'- ...201626773381
molecular characterization of a novel mycovirus of the family tymoviridae isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum.we isolated a novel mycovirus, fusarium graminearum mycotymovirus 1 (fgmtv1/sx64), which is related to members of the family tymoviridae, from the plant pathogenic fungus f. graminearum strain sx64. the complete 7863 nucleotide sequence of fgmtv1/sx64, excluding the poly (a) tail, was determined. the genome of fgmtv1/sx64 is predicted to contain four open reading frames (orfs). the largest orf1 is 6723 nucleotides (nt) in length and encodes a putative polyprotein of 2242 amino acids (aa), which ...201626744993
an antibody that confers plant disease resistance targets a membrane-bound glyoxal oxidase in fusarium.plant germplasm resources with natural resistance against globally important toxigenic fusarium are inadequate. cwp2, a fusarium genus-specific antibody, confers durable resistance to different fusarium pathogens that infect cereals and other crops, producing mycotoxins. however, the nature of the cwp2 target is not known. thus, investigation of the gene coding for the cwp2 antibody target will likely provide critical insights into the mechanism underlying the resistance mediated by this disease ...201626720747
involvement of fungal pectin methylesterase activity in the interaction between fusarium graminearum and wheat.the genome of fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat, contains two putative pectin methylesterase (pme)-encoding genes. however, when grown in liquid culture containing pectin, f. graminearum produces only a single pme, which was purified and identified. its encoding gene, expressed during wheat spike infection, was disrupted by targeted homologous recombination. two δpme mutant strains lacked pme activity but were still able to grow on highly methyl-esterified p ...201626713352
effect of natural compounds on fusarium graminearum complex.a search is underway for new solutions to counter farm loss caused by fungal contamination of grains, since the active agents of fungicides can remain in the environment and contribute to the development of resistant and toxigenic species. in this study, the antifungal activity of natural compounds (γ-oryzanol, phenolic extract of neem seeds and of rice bran) was assessed on three toxigenic strains of fusarium graminearum isolated from wheat, rice and barley. their efficacy was compared to that ...201626699689
host-preferential fusarium graminearum gene expression during infection of wheat, barley, and maize.fusarium graminearum is a broad host pathogen threatening cereal crops in temperate regions around the world. to better understand how f. graminearum adapts to different hosts, we have performed a comparison of the transcriptome of a single strain of f. graminearum during early infection (up to 4 d post-inoculation) of barley, maize, and wheat using custom oligomer microarrays. our results showed high similarity between f. graminearum transcriptomes in infected wheat and barley spike tissues. qu ...201626693688
hydroxylation of longiborneol by a clm2-encoded cyp450 monooxygenase to produce culmorin in fusarium graminearum.a second structural gene required for culmorin biosynthesis in the plant pathogen fusarium graminearum is described. clm2 encodes a regio- and stereoselective cytochrome p450 monooxygenase for c-11 of longiborneol (1). clm2 gene disruptants were grown in liquid culture and assessed for culmorin production via hplc-evaporative light scattering detection. the analysis indicated a complete loss of culmorin (2) from the liquid culture of the δclm2 mutants. culmorin production resumed in a δclm2 comp ...201626673640
identification of putative phosphoproteins in wheat spikes induced by fusarium graminearum.phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events were initiated in wheat scab resistance. the putative fhb-responsive phosphoproteins are mainly involved in three functional groups and contain at least one tyrosine, serine, or threonine phosphorylation site. fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is a severe disease in wheat. protein phosphorylation plays an important role in plant-pathogen interactions, however, a global analysis of protein phosphorylation in response to fhb in ...201626669597
is the fgap1 mediated response to oxidative stress chemotype dependent in fusarium graminearum?this study aims to compare the role of the transcription factor fgap1 in oxidative stress response for two fusarium graminearum strains belonging to the two chemotypes don/adon and niv/fx. while the response to h2o2 was shown to be chemotype dependent, an opposite result was observed for diamide: whatever the chemotype, the global level of tctb (i.e. trichothecene b) production was strongly increased by the treatment with diamide. fgap1 was shown to be involved in this regulation for both chemot ...201626656279
germination of fusarium graminearum ascospores and wheat infection are affected by dry periods and by temperature and humidity during dry periods.the effects of temperature and relative humidity (rh) on germination of fusarium graminearum ascospores, and of dry periods (dp) of different lengths and of temperature and rh during dp on ascospore survival were studied both in vitro and in planta. optimal temperatures for ascospore germination at 100% rh were 20 and 25°c; germination was ≤5% when ascospores were incubated at 20°c and rh ≤ 93.5%. viable ascospores were found at all tested combinations of dp duration (0 to 48 h) × temperature (5 ...201626623994
chemical constituents of the mangrove-associated fungus capnodium sp. sz-f22. a new eremophilane sesquiterpene.a new eremophilane sesquiterpene, capnodiumone (1), along with five known eremophilane sesquiterpenes (2-6) and eight other compounds (7-14), have been isolated from a mangrove-associated fungus capnodium sp. sz-f22. the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. the broth extract of the fungus exhibited a good inhibitory effect on the mycelium growth against fusarium graminearum at 100 μg/ml, however, all the 14 compounds showed no expected antifungal ...201626615670
identification of regulated proteins in naked barley grains (hordeum vulgare nudum) after fusarium graminearum infection at different grain ripening stages.we analyzed the effect of fusarium graminearum infection on field-grown naked barley (hordeum vulgare nudum). the ears were inoculated with f. graminearum spores during anthesis. in the course of ripening, grains in five phenological growth stages of naked barley from milk ripe to plant death were sampled. the albumin and globulin proteins of inoculated grains and untreated (control) grains were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. forty-five spots composing of proteins that were ch ...201626612662
fgnoxr, a regulatory subunit of nadph oxidases, is required for female fertility and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum is a filamentous fungal pathogen that causes wheat fusarium head blight. in this study, we identified fgnoxr, a regulatory subunit of nadph oxidases (nox) in f. graminearum, and found that it plays an important role in the pathogenicity of f. graminearum. fgnoxr is localized on punctate structures throughout the cytoplasm in aerial hyphae while these structures tend to accumulate at or near the plasma membrane, septa and hyphal tips in germinated conidia. deletion of the fgn ...201626607286
a fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine.plant pathogens face different environmental clues depending on the stage of the infection cycle they are in. fusarium graminearum infects small grain cereals producing trichothecenes type b (tb) that act as virulence factor in the interaction with the plant and have important food safety implications. this study addresses at the proteomic level the effect of an environmental stimulus (such as the presence of a polyamine like agmatine) possibly encountered by the fungus when it is already within ...201626585460
genome-wide analysis of small secreted cysteine-rich proteins identifies candidate effector proteins potentially involved in fusarium graminearum-wheat interactions.pathogen-derived, small secreted cysteine-rich proteins (sscps) are known to be a common source of fungal effectors that trigger resistance or susceptibility in specific host plants. this group of proteins has not been well studied in fusarium graminearum, the primary cause of fusarium head blight (fhb), a devastating disease of wheat. we report here a comprehensive analysis of sscps encoded in the genome of this fungus and selection of candidate effector proteins through proteomics and sequence ...201626524547
influence of a family 29 carbohydrate binding module on the activity of galactose oxidase from fusarium graminearum.galactose oxidase (gao) selectively oxidizes the primary hydroxyl of galactose to a carbonyl, facilitating targeted chemical derivatization of galactose-containing polysaccharides, leading to renewable polymers with tailored physical and chemical properties. here we investigate the impact of a family 29 glucomannan binding module on the activity and binding of gao towards various polysaccharides. specifically, cbm29-1-2 from piromyces equi was separately linked to the n- and c-termini of gao.201626518347
intra-strains diversity of expression of polymorphic pks4 gene in comparison in zearalenone production by fusarium graminearum during in vitro cultivation.filamentous fungi belonging to the fusarium genus are responsible for large economic losses due to their high pathogenicity and toxigenicity. fusarium sp. may produce variety of mycotoxins, one of them is zearalenone (zea). the presence of the pks4 gene shows the possibility of zearalenone biosynthesis by fusarium sp. in this study, in four fusarium graminearum and one fusarium poae strains the presence of pks4 genes and zea concentrations were determined. the presence of the pks4 gene was confi ...201626495440
pam: particle automata model in simulation of fusarium graminearum pathogen expansion.the multi-scale nature and inherent complexity of biological systems are a great challenge for computer modeling and classical modeling paradigms. we present a novel particle automata modeling metaphor in the context of developing a 3d model of fusarium graminearum infection in wheat. the system consisting of the host plant and fusarium pathogen cells can be represented by an ensemble of discrete particles defined by a set of attributes. the cells-particles can interact with each other mimicking ...201626549468
transcription factor art1 mediates starch hydrolysis and mycotoxin production in fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides.molecular mechanisms underlying the responses to environmental factors, such as nitrogen, carbon and ph, involve components that regulate the production of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins. in this study, we identified and characterized a gene in the fgsg_02083 locus, designated as fgart1, which was predicted to encode a zn(ii)2 cys6 zinc finger transcription factor. an fgart1 deletion mutant of fusarium graminearum exhibited impaired starch hydrolysis as a result of significantly red ...201626456718
conservation and divergence of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase a (camp-pka) pathway in two plant-pathogenic fungi: fusarium graminearum and f. verticillioides.the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase a (camp-pka) pathway is a central signalling cascade that transmits extracellular stimuli and governs cell responses through the second messenger camp. the importance of camp signalling in fungal biology has been well documented and the key conserved components, adenylate cyclase (ac) and the catalytic subunit of pka (cpka), have been functionally characterized. however, other genes involved in this signalling pathway and their regulation are not ...201625907134
hexokinase plays a critical role in deoxynivalenol (don) production and fungal development in fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight, is a common pathogen on small grain cereals worldwide and produces various trichothecenes [deoxynivalenol (don) is predominant] during infection. a previous study has revealed that don production is positively correlated with the occurrence of carbendazim (mbc) resistance. here, we identified and characterized two putative genes encoding hexokinase in f. graminearum (fghxk1 and fghxk2), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in don biosynt ...201625808544
the protein kinase a pathway regulates zearalenone production by modulating alternative zeb2 transcription.zearalenone (zea) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that is produced by several fusarium species, including fusarium graminearum. one of the zea biosynthetic genes, zeb2, encodes two isoforms of zeb2 by alternative transcription, forming an activator (zeb2l-zeb2l homooligomer) and an inhibitor (zeb2l-zeb2s heterodimer) that directly regulate the zea biosynthetic genes in f. graminearum. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase a (pka) signaling regulates secondary metabolic processes in several filamentous ...201626907763
the effect of agmatine on trichothecene type b and zearalenone production in fusarium graminearum, f. culmorum and f. poae.agmatine and other putrescines are known for being strong inducers of deoxynivalenol (don) production in fusarium graminearum. other important species produce don and/or other trichothecene type b toxins (3 acetylated don, 15 acetylated don, fusarenon-x, nivalenol), such as f. culmorum and f. poae. in order to verify whether the mechanism of the regulation of trichothecene type b induction by agmatine is shared by different species of fusarium, we tested the hypothesis on 19 strains belonging to ...201626893962
a novel transcription factor gene fhs1 is involved in the dna damage response in fusarium graminearum.cell cycle regulation and the maintenance of genome integrity are crucial for the development and virulence of the pathogenic plant fungus fusarium graminearum. to identify transcription factors (tfs) related to these processes, four dna-damaging agents were applied to screen a f. graminearum tf mutant library. sixteen tfs were identified to be likely involved in dna damage responses. fhs1 is a fungal specific zn(ii)2cys6 tf that localises exclusively to nuclei. fhs1 deletion mutants were hypers ...201626888604
data independent acquisition-digital archiving mass spectrometry: application to single kernel mycotoxin analysis of fusarium graminearum infected maize.new and conjugated mycotoxins of concern to regulators are frequently being identified, necessitating the costly need for new method development and sample reanalysis. in response, we developed an lc-data independent acquisition (lc-dia) method on a q-exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer tailored for mycotoxins analysis. this method combines absolute quantification of targeted fungal metabolites with non-targeted digital archiving (da) of data on all ionizable compounds for retrospective analysis ...201626886743
a deoxynivalenol-activated methionyl-trna synthetase gene from wheat encodes a nuclear localized protein and protects plants against fusarium pathogens and mycotoxins.fusarium graminearum is the fungal pathogen that causes globally important diseases of cereals and produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don). owing to the dearth of available sources of resistance to fusarium pathogens, characterization of novel genes that confer resistance to mycotoxins and mycotoxin-producing fungi is vitally important for breeding resistant crop varieties. in this study, a wheat methionyl-trna synthetase (tametrs) gene was identified from suspension cell cultures treat ...201626882849
effect of preceding crop on fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination of wheat grains.the fusarium graminearum species complex infects several cereals and causes the reduction of grain yield and quality. many factors influence the extent of fusarium infection and mycotoxin levels. such factors include crop rotation. in the present study, we explored the effect of rice or maize as former crops on mycotoxin accumulation in wheat grains.201626867679
influence of a family 29 carbohydrate binding module on the recombinant production of galactose oxidase in pichia pastoris.herein, we report the extracellular expression of carbohydrate active fusion enzymes in pichia pastoris. particularly, cbm29-1-2 from piromyces equi was separately fused to the n- and c-terminus of galactose 6-oxidase (gao, d-galactose: oxygen 6-oxidoreductase, ec 1.1.13.9, cazy family aa5) from fusarium graminearum, generating cbm29-gao and gao-cbm29, respectively. p. pastoris was transformed with expression vectors encoding gao, cbm29-gao and gao-cbm29, and the fusion proteins were expressed i ...201626858983
the fgnot3 subunit of the ccr4-not complex regulates vegetative growth, sporulation, and virulence in fusarium graminearum.the ccr4-not complex is evolutionarily conserved and important for multiple cellular functions in eukaryotic cells. in this study, the biological roles of the fgnot3 subunit of this complex were investigated in the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. deletion of fgnot3 resulted in retarded vegetative growth, retarded spore germination, swollen hyphae, and hyper-branching. the δfgnot3 mutants also showed impaired sexual and asexual sporulation, decreased virulence, and reduced expressio ...201626799401
transcriptome dynamics of a susceptible wheat upon fusarium head blight reveals that molecular responses to fusarium graminearum infection fit over the grain development processes.in many plant/pathogen interactions, host susceptibility factors are key determinants of disease development promoting pathogen growth and spreading in plant tissues. in the fusarium head blight (fhb) disease, the molecular basis of wheat susceptibility is still poorly understood while it could provide new insights into the understanding of the wheat/fusarium graminearum (fg) interaction and guide future breeding programs to produce cultivars with sustainable resistance. to identify the wheat gr ...201626797431
nucleotide polymorphisms and protein structure changes in the fg16 gene of fusarium graminearum sensu stricto.fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of wheat scab in different parts of the world. this fungus is able to produce widespread trichothecene mycotoxins such as nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) which are harmful for both human and animals. the fg16 target is located in chromosome 1 of the f. graminearum genome coding for a hypothetical protein whose function is not yet known. the fg16 gene is involved in lipid biosynthesis and leads to sexual development during coloniza ...201627222818
whey permeate fermented with kefir grains shows antifungal effect against fusarium graminearum.the objective of the work reported here was to study the antifungal capability of cell-free supernatants obtained from whey permeates after fermentation by the kefir grains cidca agk1 against fusarium graminearum growth and zearalenone (zea) production. the assays were performed in order to study the conidial germination inhibition -in liquid media- and the effect on fungal growth rate and the latency phase -in solid media. we observed that fermented supernatants of ph 3·5 produced the highest p ...201627210497
wax inducer1 (hvwin1) transcription factor regulates free fatty acid biosynthetic genes to reinforce cuticle to resist fusarium head blight in barley spikelets.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused by fusarium graminearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley. resistance to fhb is highly complex and quantitative in nature, and is most often classified as resistance to spikelet infection and resistance to spread of pathogen through the rachis. in the present study, a resistant (ci9831) and a susceptible (h106-371) two-row barley genotypes, with contrasting levels of spikelet resistance to fhb, pathogen or mock-inoculated, were profil ...201627194736
comprehensive quantification of n-glycoproteome in fusarium graminearum reveals intensive glycosylation changes against fungicide.glycoproteomics is greatly developed in recent years and big data of n-glycoproteome in mammalian tissues and cells were already established. however, the glycoproteomic studies on plant, fungus and bacteria are far left behind. in this study, we comprehensively mapped and quantified the n-glycosylation of fusarium graminearum by combining stable isotope dimethyl labeling, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (hilic) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. the n-glycosylation changes in fusariu ...201627180282
utilization of a conidia-deficient mutant to study sexual development in fusarium graminearum.transcriptome analysis is a widely used approach to study the molecular mechanisms underlying development and the responses of fungi to environmental cues. however, it is difficult to obtain cells with a homogeneous status from the sexually-induced culture of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. in this study, we provided phenotypic and genetic evidence to show that the current conditions applied for perithecia induction inevitably highly induced asexual sporulation in this fungus. ...201627175901
suppressed recombination and unique candidate genes in the divergent haplotype encoding fhb1, a major fusarium head blight resistance locus in wheat.fine mapping and sequencing revealed 28 genes in the non-recombining haplotype containing fhb1 . of these, only a gdsl lipase gene shows a pathogen-dependent expression pattern. fhb1 is a prominent fusarium head blight resistance locus of wheat, which has been successfully introgressed in adapted breeding material, where it confers a significant increase in overall resistance to the causal pathogen fusarium graminearum and the fungal virulence factor and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. the fhb1 region ...201627174222
chlorinated organic compounds produced by fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of wheat and maize, not only reduces grain yield and degrades quality but also produces mycotoxins in the infected grain. focus has been on mycotoxins because of the human and animal health hazards associated with them. in addition to work done on mycotoxins, chemical profiling of f. graminearum to identify other compounds produced by this fungus remains critical. with chemical profiling of f. graminearum the entire chemistry of this fungus can be understood. the ...201627165533
corrigendum to: a fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine [j. proteomics (2016) 137; 107-116]. 201627140391
exogenous abscisic acid and gibberellic acid elicit opposing effects on fusarium graminearum infection in wheat.although the roles of salicylate (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) have been well-characterized in fusarium head blight (fhb)-infected cereals, the roles of other phytohormones remain more ambiguous. here, the association between an array of phytohormones and fhb pathogenesis in wheat is investigated. comprehensive profiling of endogenous hormones demonstrated altered cytokinin, gibberellic acid (ga), and ja metabolism in a fhb-resistant cultivar, whereas challenge by fusarium graminearum increased ab ...201627135677
β1 tubulin rather than β2 tubulin is the preferred binding target for carbendazim in fusarium graminearum.tubulins are the proposed target of anticancer drugs, anthelminthics, and fungicides. in fusarium graminearum, β2 tubulin has been reported to be the binding target of methyl benzimidazole carbamate (mbc) fungicides. however, the function of f. graminearum β1 tubulin, which shares 76% amino acid sequence identity with β2 tubulin, in mbc sensitivity has been unclear. in this study, mbc sensitivity relative to that of a parental strain (2021) was significantly reduced in a β1 tubulin deletion stra ...201627135676
effect of environmental factors on fusarium population and associated trichothecenes in wheat grain grown in jiangsu province, china.the present study was performed to identify prevailing fusarium species and the environmental factors affecting their frequencies and the contamination of grain with major mycotoxins in jiangsu province. the precipitation levels were 184.2mm, 156.4mm, and 245.8mm in the years 2013-2015, respectively, and the temperature fluctuated by an average of 10.6±7.2°c in 2013, 10.9±7.2°c in 2014, and 10.6±6.3°c in 2015. co-occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3adon), and 15-acetylde ...201627127840
relationship between mycoparasites lifestyles and biocontrol behaviors against fusarium spp. and mycotoxins production.global food security research is seeking eco-friendly solutions to control mycotoxins in grain infected by fungi (molds). in particular, mycotoxigenic fusarium spp. outbreak is a chronic threat for cereal grain production, human, and animal health. in this review paper, we discuss up-to-date biological control strategies in applying mycoparasites as biological control agents (bca) to prevent plant diseases in crops and mycotoxins in grain, food, and feed. the aim is to increase food safety and t ...201627121573
hydroxylations of trichothecene rings in the biosynthesis of fusarium trichothecenes: evolution of alternative pathways in the nivalenol chemotype.fusarium sporotrichioides genes fstri11, fstri13, and fstri1 encode cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (cyps) responsible for hydroxylations at c-15, c-4, and c-8 of the trichothecene skeleton, respectively. however, the corresponding genes of nivalenol (niv)-chemotype fusarium graminearum remain to be functionally elucidated. in this study, we characterized the roles of these cyps in niv biosynthesis. analyses of the metabolites of the f. graminearum fgtri11(-) mutant, a disruptant of fgtri11 encod ...201627120196
chitin synthase gene fgchs8 affects virulence and fungal cell wall sensitivity to environmental stress in fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat and barley and is considered to be one of the most devastating plant diseases worldwide. chitin is a critical component of the fungal cell wall and is polymerized from udp-n-acetyl-alpha-d-glucosamine by chitin synthase. we characterized fgchs8, a new class of the chitin synthase gene in f. graminearum. disruption of fgchs8 resulted in reduced accumulation of chitin, decreased chitin synthase activity, and had ...201627109372
metabolic biomarker panels of response to fusarium head blight infection in different wheat varieties.metabolic changes in spikelets of wheat varieties fl62r1, stettler, muchmore and sumai3 following fusarium graminearum infection were explored using nmr analysis. extensive 1d and 2d 1h nmr measurements provided information for detailed metabolite assignment and quantification leading to possible metabolic markers discriminating resistance level in wheat subtypes. in addition, metabolic changes that are observed in all studied varieties as well as wheat variety specific changes have been determi ...201627101152
myosins famyo2b and famyo2 affect asexual and sexual development, reduces pathogenicity, and famyo2b acts jointly with the myosin passenger protein fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in fusarium asiaticum.we previously reported that mutations occurred in the gene myosin5 were responsible for resistance to the fungicide phenamacril in fusarium graminearum. here, we determined whether there is a functional link between phenamacril resistance and the myosin proteins famyo2b and famyo2 in fusarium asiaticum, which is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight in china. we found that famyo2b acts jointly with fasmy1 to affect resistance to phenamacril in f. asiaticum. we also found that famyo2b di ...201627099966
posttranslational hypusination of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor-5a regulates fusarium graminearum virulence.activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif5a requires a posttranslational modification, forming the unique amino acid hypusine. this activation is mediated by two enzymes, deoxyhypusine synthase, dhs, and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase, dohh. the impact of this enzymatic complex on the life cycle of a fungal pathogen is unknown. plant pathogenic ascomycetes possess a single copy of the eif5a activated by hypusination. we evaluated the importance of imbalances in eif5a hypusination in ...201627098988
a european database of fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum trichothecene genotypes.fusarium species, particularly fusarium graminearum and f. culmorum, are the main cause of trichothecene type b contamination in cereals. data on the distribution of fusarium trichothecene genotypes in cereals in europe are scattered in time and space. furthermore, a common core set of related variables (sampling method, host cultivar, previous crop, etc.) that would allow more effective analysis of factors influencing the spatial and temporal population distribution, is lacking. consequently, b ...201627092107
the cold-induced defensin tad1 confers resistance against snow mold and fusarium head blight in transgenic wheat.tad1 (triticum aestivum defensin 1) is induced during cold acclimation in winter wheat and encodes a plant defensin with antimicrobial activity. in this study, we demonstrated that recombinant tad1 protein inhibits hyphal growth of the snow mold fungus, typhula ishikariensis in vitro. transgenic wheat plants overexpressing tad1 were created and tested for resistance against t. ishikariensis. leaf inoculation assays revealed that overexpression of tad1 confers resistance against the snow mold. in ...201627080445
susceptibility of maize to stalk rot caused by fusarium graminearum deoxynivalenol and zearalenone mutants.fusarium graminearum is a destructive pathogen of cereals that can cause stalk rot in maize. stalk rot results in yield losses due to impaired grain filling, premature senescence, and lodging, which limits production and harvesting of ears. in addition, mycotoxins can make infected tissues unfit for silage. our objectives were to evaluate the natural variation in stalk rot resistance among maize inbreds, to establish whether deoxynivalenol (don)- and zearalenone (zea)-deficient strains are patho ...201627050573
a cytoplasmic cu-zn superoxide dismutase sod1 contributes to hyphal growth and virulence of fusarium graminearum.superoxide dismutases (sods) are scavengers of superoxide radicals, one of the main reactive oxygen species (ros) in the cell. sod-based ros scavenging system constitutes the frontline defense against intra- and extracellular ros, but the roles of sods in the important cereal pathogen fusarium graminearum are not very clear. there are five sod genes in f. graminearum genome, encoding cytoplasmic cu-zn sod1 and mnsod3, mitochondrial mnsod2 and fesod4, and extracellular cusod5. previous studies re ...201627037138
from fhb resistance qtls to candidate genes identification in triticum aestivum l.fusarium head blight (fhb) caused by fusarium graminearum is a worldwide destructive disease affecting cereals such as wheat. fhb resistance is a quantitative trait, and information for fhb resistance qtls in wheat is available. however, little is known about genes underlying the fhb resistance qtl regions. using a computational approach in this study, we have mined eight fhb resistance qtls in wheat and predicted the candidate genes falling within these qtl intervals based on the available sequ ...201627016253
identifying rare fhb-resistant segregants in intransigent backcross and f2 winter wheat populations.fusarium head blight (fhb), caused mainly by fusarium graminearum schwabe [telomorph: gibberella zeae schwein.(petch)] in the us, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum l. and t. durum l.). infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (don), a serious mycotoxin. the challenge in fhb resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. exotic qtl are widely used to improve fhb resistance. success depends on the ...201627014202
updated survey of fusarium species and toxins in finnish cereal grains.the aim of the project was to produce updated information during 2005-14 on the fusarium species found in finnish cereal grains, and the toxins produced by them, as the last comprehensive survey study of fusarium species and their toxins in finland was carried out at the turn of the 1960s and the 1970s. another aim was to use the latest molecular and chemical methods to investigate the occurrence and correlation of fusarium species and their mycotoxins in finland. the most common fusarium specie ...201627002810
compartmentalized gene regulatory network of the pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum.head blight caused by fusarium graminearum threatens world-wide wheat production, resulting in both yield loss and mycotoxin contamination. we reconstructed the global f. graminearum gene regulatory network (grn) from a large collection of transcriptomic data using bayesian network inference, a machine-learning algorithm. this grn reveals connectivity between key regulators and their target genes. focusing on key regulators, this network contains eight distinct but interwoven modules. enriched f ...201626990214
population genetic analysis and trichothecene profiling of fusarium graminearum from wheat in uruguay.fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (f. graminearum s.s.) is the major causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat worldwide, and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins that cause serious threats to food safety and animal health. an important aspect of managing this pathogen and reducing mycotoxin contamination of wheat is knowledge regarding its population genetics. therefore, isolates of f. graminearum s.s. from the major wheat-growing region of uruguay were analyzed by amplified f ...201626985955
2-d dige proteomic profiles of three strains of fusarium graminearum grown in agmatine or glutamic acid medium.2d dige proteomics data obtained from three strains belonging to fusarium graminearum s.s. species growing in a glutamic acid or agmatine containing medium are provided. a total of 381 protein species have been identified which do differ for abundance among the two treatments and among the strains (anova<0.05 and abundance ratio>±1.3). data on the diversity of protein species profiles between the two media for each strain are made available. shared profiles among strains are discussed in pasqual ...201626981549
cellular tracking and gene profiling of fusarium graminearum during maize stalk rot disease development elucidates its strategies in confronting phosphorus limitation in the host apoplast.the ascomycete fungus fusarium graminearum causes stalk rot in maize. we tracked this pathogen's growth in wound-inoculated maize stalks using a fluorescence-labeled fungal isolate and observed that invasive hyphae grew intercellularly up to 24 h post inoculation, grew intra- and inter-cellularly between 36-48 h, and fully occupied invaded cells after 72 h. using laser microdissection and microarray analysis, we profiled changes in global gene expression during pathogen growth inside pith tissue ...201626974960
trichothecene genotypes of the fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from brazilian wheat grains by conventional and quantitative pcr.we compared two well-established methods, fungal isolation followed by conventional pcr and dna analysis by quantitative pcr (qpcr), to define trichothecene genotypes in brazilian wheat grains from different locations. for this purpose, after fungal isolation from 75 wheat samples, 100 isolates of the fusarium graminearum species complex (fgsc) were genotyped by pcr to establish their trichothecene profile. for profiling by qpcr, dna was extracted from the wheat samples and analyzed. the methods ...201626973624
imidazolium salts with antifungal potential for the control of head blight of wheat caused by fusarium graminearum.evaluate the in vitro effect of imidazolium salts (ims) on the conidia germination and mycelial growth of fusarium graminearum and their in vivo efficacy for suppressing the symptoms of the disease and infection of kernels in wheat plants.201626972421
endosomal sorting complexes required for transport-0 is essential for fungal development and pathogenicity in fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen that causes head blight of major cereal crops. the vacuolar protein sorting (vps) protein vps27 is a component of escrt-0 involved in the multivesicular body (mvb) sorting pathway during endocytosis. in this study, we investigated the function of fgvps27 using a gene replacement strategy. the fgvps27 deletion mutant (δfgvps27) exhibited a reduction in growth rate, aerial hyphae formation and hydrophobicity. it also showed increased sensitivity ...201626971885
molecular characterization, fitness and mycotoxin production of fusarium graminearum laboratory strains resistant to benzimidazoles.six benzimidazole (bmz)-resistant fusarium graminearum strains were obtained after uv mutagenesis and selection on carbendazim (mbc)-amended medium. in vitro bioassays resulted in the identification of two resistant phenotypes that were highly hr (rf: 40-170, based on ec50) and moderately mr (rf: 10-20) resistant to carbendazim. cross resistance studies with other fungicides showed that all mutant strains tested were also resistant to other bmzs, such as benomyl and thiabendazole, but retained t ...201626969433
genome-wide association study identifies novel candidate genes for aggressiveness, deoxynivalenol production, and azole sensitivity in natural field populations of fusarium graminearum.genome-wide association studies can identify novel genomic regions and genes that affect quantitative traits. fusarium head blight is a destructive disease caused by fusarium graminearum that exhibits several quantitative traits, including aggressiveness, mycotoxin production, and fungicide resistance. restriction site-associated dna sequencing was performed for 220 isolates of f. graminearum. a total of 119 isolates were phenotyped for aggressiveness and deoxynivalenol (don) production under na ...201626959837
tri6 and tri10 play different roles in the regulation of deoxynivalenol (don) production by camp signalling in fusarium graminearum.the biosynthesis of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (don) in fusarium graminearum is regulated by two pathway-specific transcription factors tri6 and tri10 and affected by various host and environmental factors. in this study, we showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) treatment induced don production by stimulating tri gene expression and don-associated cellular differentiation in f. graminearum. interestingly, exogenous camp had no effects on the tri6 mutant but partially recovered the defe ...201626940955
high-throughput facs-based mutant screen identifies a gain-of-function allele of the fusarium graminearum adenylyl cyclase causing deoxynivalenol over-production.fusarium head blight and crown rot, caused by the fungal plant pathogen fusarium graminearum, impose a major threat to global wheat production. during the infection, plants are contaminated with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don), which can be toxic for humans and animals. in addition, don is a major virulence factor during wheat infection. however, it is not fully understood how don production is regulated in f. graminearum. in order to identify regulators of don production, a high-through ...201626932301
fgssn3 kinase, a component of the mediator complex, is important for sexual reproduction and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of wheat and barley. in addition to severe yield losses, infested grains are often contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. in this study, we characterized the functions of fgssn3 kinase gene in different developmental and infection processes and gene regulation in f. graminearum. the fgssn3 deletion mutant had a nutrient-dependent growth defects and abnormal conidium morphology. it was significantly reduced in don production, tri gene expression, and v ...201626931632
the potential for cereal rye cover crops to host corn seedling pathogens.cover cropping is a prevalent conservation practice that offers substantial benefits to soil and water quality. however, winter cereal cover crops preceding corn may diminish beneficial rotation effects because two grass species are grown in succession. here, we show that rye cover crops host pathogens capable of causing corn seedling disease. we isolated fusarium graminearum, f. oxysporum, pythium sylvaticum, and p. torulosum from roots of rye and demonstrate their pathogenicity on corn seedlin ...201626926485
re-examination of genetic and nutritional factors related to trichothecene biosynthesis in fusarium graminearum.disruption of two fusarium genes that negatively regulate trichothecene biosynthesis was reported to cause a drastic increase in trichothecene production. however, careful inspection of these genes revealed that neither was significantly related to trichothecene production. agmatine medium maintained the expression of trichothecene genes at significant levels, resulting in a 2-3-fold increase in the final yield, as compared to glutamine medium.201626413981
comparison of fusarium graminearum transcriptomes on living or dead wheat differentiates substrate-responsive and defense-responsive genes.fusarium graminearum is an opportunistic pathogen of cereals where it causes severe yield losses and concomitant mycotoxin contamination of the grains. the pathogen has mixed biotrophic and necrotrophic (saprophytic) growth phases during infection and the regulatory networks associated with these phases have so far always been analyzed together. in this study we compared the transcriptomes of fungal cells infecting a living, actively defending plant representing the mixed live style (pathogenic ...201627507961
the geographic distribution and complex evolutionary history of the nx-2 trichothecene chemotype from fusarium graminearum.fusarium graminearum and 21 related species comprising the f. sambucinum species complex lineage 1 (fsamsc-1) are the most important fusarium head blight pathogens of cereal crops world-wide. fsamsc-1 species typically produce type b trichothecenes. however, some f. graminearum strains were recently found to produce a novel type a trichothecene (nx-2) resulting from functional variation in the trichothecene biosynthetic enzyme tri1. we used a pcr-rflp assay targeting the tri1 gene to identify th ...201627497828
the semidwarfing alleles rht-d1b and rht-b1b show marked differences in their associations with anther-retention in wheat heads and with fusarium head blight susceptibility.the semidwarfing alleles reduced height (rht)-d1b and rht-b1b are widely deployed in wheat breeding. both alleles have similar effects on plant height but differ in their effect on fusarium head blight (fhb) severity. a double-haploid population and a backcross population, segregating for rht-b1a/rht-b1b and rht-d1a/rht-d1b, were evaluated for fhb severity, plant height, and anther retention in field trials in three consecutive years. the semidwarfing alleles reduced plant height and increased t ...201627452901
size-dependent effect of prochloraz-loaded mpeg-plga micro- and nanoparticles.as a controlled release formulation, polymer-based pesticide particle, provide an effective approach to achieve the target crop sites of increasing the pesticide utilization and reducing side effects. the particle size impacts on the dispersibility, pesticide loading content, control effect, etc. it is essential to investigate size-dependent effect. hence, size-dependent effect of polymer-based pesticide particle was studied systematically in this paper. the biodegradable mpeg-plga copolymer wit ...201627427695
antagonistic and biocontrol potential of trichoderma asperellum zjsx5003 against the maize stalk rot pathogen fusarium graminearum.the efficacy of seven strains of trichoderma asperellum collected from the fields in southern china was assessed against fusarium graminearum (fg) the causal agent of corn stalk rot of maize were in vitro for their antagonistic properties followed by statistical model of principal compound analysis to identify the beneficial antagonist t. asperellum strain. the key factors of antagonist activity were attributed to a total of 13 factors including cell wall degrading enzymes (chitnase, protease an ...201627407296
a brachypodium udp-glycosyltransferase confers root tolerance to deoxynivalenol and resistance to fusarium infection.fusarium head blight (fhb) is a cereal disease caused by fusarium graminearum, a fungus able to produce type b trichothecenes on cereals, including deoxynivalenol (don), which is harmful for humans and animals. resistance to fhb is quantitative, and the mechanisms underlying resistance are poorly understood. resistance has been related to the ability to conjugate don into a glucosylated form, deoxynivalenol-3-o-glucose (d3g), by secondary metabolism udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts). however, func ...201627378816
the complete genome sequence of a novel fusarium graminearum rna virus in a new proposed family within the order tymovirales.the complete nucleotide sequence of fusarium graminearum deltaflexivirus 1 (fgdfv1), a novel positive single-stranded (+ss) rna mycovirus, was sequenced and analyzed. the complete genome of fgdfv1/bj59 was shown to be 8246 nucleotides (nt) long excluding the poly(a) tail. fgdfv1/bj59 was predicted to contain a large open reading frame (orf 1) and four smaller orfs (2-5). orf1 encodes a putative replication-associated polyprotein (rp) of 2042 amino acids (aa) and contains three conserved domains, ...201627376377
pyramiding pvpgip2 and taxi-iii but not pvpgip2 and pmei enhances resistance against fusarium graminearum.plant protein inhibitors counteract the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwdes) secreted by pathogens to breach the plant cell-wall barrier. transgenic plants expressing a single protein inhibitor restrict pathogen infections. however, since pathogens secrete a number of cwdes at the onset of infection, we combined more inhibitors in a single wheat genotype to reinforce further the cell-wall barrier. we combined polygalacturonase (pg) inhibiting protein (pgip) and pectin methyl esterase ...201627366923
diversity of fusarium species isolated from uk forage maize and the population structure of f. graminearum from maize and wheat.pre-harvest contamination of forage maize by mycotoxin producing fusarium species was investigated in the uk in 2011 and 2012. a total of 15 fusarium species were identified from a collection of 1,761 fusarium isolates recovered from maize stalks and kernels. this study characterized the diversity of fusarium species present in forage maize in the uk. the predominant species detected were f. graminearum (32.9%) and f. culmorum (34.1%). along with those species; f. avenacem, f. cerealis, f. equis ...201627366645
transcriptome analysis of maize resistance to fusarium graminearum.gibberella stalk rot caused by fusarium graminearum is one of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of maize (zea mays l.). chemical means of controlling gibberella stalk rot are not very effective; development of highly resistant hybrids is the best choice for disease control. hence, understanding of the molecular basis underlying maize resistance against gibberella stalk rot would undoubtedly facilitate the resistance breeding for stalk rot.201627352627
fusarium graminearum pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (fgpdk1) is critical for conidiation, mycelium growth, and pathogenicity.pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (pdk) is an important mitochondrial enzyme that blocks the production of acetyl-coa by selectively inhibiting the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) through phosphorylation. pdk is an effectively therapeutic target in cancer cells, but the physiological roles of pdk in phytopathogens are largely unknown. to address these gaps, a pdk gene (fgpdk1) was isolated from fusarium graminearum that is an economically important pathogen infecting cereals. the deletion o ...201627341107
the fungicidal activity of thymol against fusarium graminearum via inducing lipid peroxidation and disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis.thymol is a natural plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. however, the antifungal mechanism for thymol against phytopathogens remains unclear. in this study, we identified the antifungal action of thymol against fusarium graminearum, an economically important phytopathogen showing severe resistance to traditional chemical fungicides. the sensitivity of thymol on different f. graminearum isolates was screened. the hyphal growth, as ...201627322238
heat shock protein 90 is required for sexual and asexual development, virulence, and heat shock response in fusarium graminearum.eukaryotic cells repress global translation and selectively upregulate stress response proteins by altering multiple steps in gene expression. in this study, genome-wide transcriptome analysis of cellular adaptation to thermal stress was performed on the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum. the results revealed that profound alterations in gene expression were required for heat shock responses in f. graminearum. among these proteins, heat shock protein 90 (fghsp90) was revealed to play ...201627306495
assessment of the encapsulation effect of phenolic compounds from spirulina sp. leb-18 on their antifusarium activities.this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of liposomal systems containing spirulina sp. leb-18 phenolic extract (pe) against fusarium graminearum (fg) isolates. the interaction between pe and phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes was monitored by hatr-ftir, nmr, dsc, and cryo-tem. after encapsulation, the active principle was released slower than the free pe, a fact that makes the former very promising as a natural antifungal. the pe encapsulation in the liposomes was responsible for ...201627283675
analysis of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucosides content in canadian spring wheat cultivars inoculated with fusarium graminearum.contamination of wheat grains with fusarium mycotoxins and their modified forms is an important issue in wheat industry. the objective of this study was to analyse the deoxynivalenol (don) and deoxynivalenol-3-glucosides (d3g) content in canadian spring wheat cultivars grown in two locations, inoculated with a mixture of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-adon)-producing fusarium graminearum strains and a mixture of 15-acetlyldeoxynivalenol (15-adon)-producing f. graminearum strains. according to the ana ...201627264644
thymol-based submicron emulsions exhibit antifungal activity against fusarium graminearum and inhibit fusarium head blight in wheat.fusarium graminearum is a very destructive fungal pathogen that leads to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat, a disease which costs growers millions of dollars annually both in crop losses and in remediation efforts. current countermeasures include the deployment of wheat varieties with some resistance to fhb in conjunction with timed fungicide treatments. in this article, we introduce a fungicide based on thymol, a naturally occurring plant phenolic derived from essential oils. to overcome the ...201627253757
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 1624