Publications

[selenoproteins in rats with chronic selenium intoxication].	weaning male wistar rats were fed with a torula-yeast based semisynthetic diet supplemented with na2seo3 to provide selenium (se) 0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg (adequate se or high sediet) respectively for 20 weeks. by the end of experiment, rats were sacrificed and various tissue of rats were collected to determine the activities of se-containing enzymes and the mrnas level of selenoprotein p and selenoprotein w and se concentration. livers were examined for pathological changes. it was found that the gain ...	1999	12712720
[priority of selenium incorporation into selenoproteins during selenium depletion in rats].	male weanling wistar rats were fed with either a basal selenium deficient diet (a torula yeast based semisynthetic diet, containing se 0.01 mg/kg) or a selenium sufficient diet supplemented with se as na2seo3 (containing se 0.5 mg/kg). rats were killed after different weeks(0,1,2,4,8,12,15,17,19,20 and 24 respectively). their organs were taken to observe the kinetic change of selenium concentration, the activities of intracellular glutathione peroxidase (cgpx), extracellular glutathione peroxida ...	1999	12712721
selenium regulates gene expression for estrogen sulfotransferase and alpha 2u-globulin in rat liver.	dietary intake of the essential trace element selenium (se) regulates expression of genes for selenoproteins and certain non-se-containing proteins. however, these proteins do not account for all of se's biological effects. the objective of this work was to identify additional genes whose expression is regulated by se. identification of these genes may reveal new functions for se or define mechanisms for its biological effects. weanling male sprague-dawley rats were fed a torula yeast-based se-d ...	1998	9618024
knockout of cellular glutathione peroxidase affects selenium-dependent parameters similarly in mice fed adequate and excessive dietary selenium.	this study was to determine whether or not effects of the cellular glutathione peroxidase (gpx1) knockout on several se-dependent parameters in mice were tissue, dietary se concentration, and selenoprotein specific. a 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted with 18 gpx1 knockout mice [gpx1(-)] and 18 controls (3 weeks old, half males and females). these mice were fed a torula yeast diet supplemented with all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (50 mg/kg of feed) and se (sodium selenite) at 0, 0.5, or ...	1998	9666319
antimicrobial action of essential oils: the effect of dimethylsulphoxide on the activity of cinnamon oil.	fifty-one essential oils extracted from plants of known origin were tested for their antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and four yeasts, torulopsis utilis, schizosaccharomyces pombe, candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae using the drop diffusion method. all showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of the micro-organisms. following this preliminary screening, 13 essential oils showing antimicrobial activ ...	1997	9134774
overexpression of cellular glutathione peroxidase does not affect expression of plasma glutathione peroxidase or phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in mice offered diets adequate or deficient in selenium.	selenium-dependent cellular glutathione peroxidase (gpx1) overexpressing [gpx1(+)] mice were derived by microinjecting a 5.3-kb cloned entire mouse gpx1 genomic dna into fertilized eggs. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of gpx1 overexpression and dietary selenium on the expression of selenoperoxidases and the status of lipid peroxidation of these transgenic animals. an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 15 gpx1(+) and 15 control mice (2 mo old ...	1997	9164985
influence of dietary selenium on the disposition of arsenate in the female b6c3f1 mouse.	interactions between arsenic (as) and selenium (se) at the metabolic level are multifaceted and complex. these interactions are of practical significance because populations in various parts of the world are simultaneously exposed to inorganic as in drinking water and se mainly in the diet at varying levels. the primary goal of this study was to investigate whether differing dietary se status would alter the profile of urinary metabolites or their time course for elimination after exposure to ar ...	1997	9183383
cellular glutathione peroxidase knockout mice express normal levels of selenium-dependent plasma and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases in various tissues.	selenium-dependent cellular glutathione peroxidase (gpx1) knockout [gpx1(-)] mice were derived from 129/svj x c57bl/6 hybrid mice by microinjecting c57bl/6 blastocysts with recombinant embryonic stem cells carrying a target mutation in the gpx1 gene. experiment 1 was conducted to determine the effects of the gpx1 knockout on the susceptibility of mice to dietary vitamin e and se deficiency and on the expression of the se-dependent plasma glutathione peroxidase (gpx3) and phospholipid hydroperoxi ...	1997	9237936
rapid physiological characterization of microorganisms by biosensor technique.	eleven microorganisms, arxula adeninivorans ls3, candida boidinii dsm 70034, candida lactis-condensi dsm 70635, pichia jadinii dsm 2361, pichia minuta dsm 7018, kluyveromyces lactis dsm 4394, pseudomonas putida dsm 50026, alcaligenes sp. dsm 30002, arthrobacter nicotianae dsm 20123 as well as issatchenkia orientalis dsm 70077 and rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 311 were characterized by the sensor technique by injection of 30 different substrates and substrate mixtures. the obtained data which are ...	1997	9352658
bioavailability of selenium from veal, chicken, beef, pork, lamb, flounder, tuna, selenomethionine, and sodium selenite assessed in selenium-deficient rats.	the bioavailability of selenium (se) from veal, chicken, beef, pork, lamb, flounder, tuna, selenomethionine (semet), and sodium selenite was assessed in se-deficient fischer-344 rats. se as veal, chicken, beef, pork, lamb, flounder, tuna, semet, and sodium selenite was added to torula yeast (ty) basal diets to comprise se-inadequate (0.05 mg se/kg) diets. se as sodium selenite was added to a ty basal diet to comprise a se-adequate (0.10 mg se/kg), se-control diet. the experimental diets were fed ...	1997	9363319
effects of dietary selenium and vitamin e on boar performance and tissue responses, semen quality, and subsequent fertilization rates in mature gilts.	three experiments involving 192 crossbred boars evaluated the effects of dietary se (0 or .5 ppm) and vitamin e (0 or 220 iu/kg) on growth, tissue se, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations, and on semen quality and its subsequent effect on fertilization rate in mature gilts. diets formulated used torula yeast and dextrose or cornstarch as the basal feedstuffs and were provided from weaning through sexual maturity. the basal diets averaged .063 ppm se and 3.46 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg diet. experimen ...	1997	9374315
effects of dietary selenium and vitamin e concentrations on phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase expression in reproductive tissues of pubertal maturing male rats.	phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phgpx) is the second intracellular selenium (se)-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) identified in mammals. our objectives were to determine the effect of dietary vitamin e and se levels on phgpx activity expression in testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicles of pubertal maturing rats, and the relationship of phgpx expression with testicular development and sperm quality. forty sprague-dawley male weanling rats (21-d old), were initially f ...	1997	9522062
dietary selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase mrna and other selenium-dependent parameters in male rats.	weanling male rats were fed a basal torula yeast diet (0.007 μg se/g diet) supplemented with graded levels of se (0 to 0.2 μg se/g diet as na2seo3) (three rats/group) to evaluate classical glutathione peroxidase (gpx1, gsh:h2o2, oxidoreductase, ec 1.11.1.9) mrna level as an indicator of intracellular se status. growth was followed throughout the dietary treatment and a number of se-dependent parameters including liver gpx1 mrna levels were determined after 33 days. growth was not impaired at any ...	1997	26273132
isolation and characterization of mitochondrial nucleoids from the yeast pichia jadinii.	mitochondrial (mt) nucleoids were isolated with a high degree of purity from the yeast pichia jadinii, in which the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) is linear. field-inversion gel electrophoresis (fige) revealed that significant amounts of mtdna could be isolated intact, as linear molecules of 41 kbp, from the isolated mt-nucleoids. fifteen different proteins were detected in the mt-nucleoid fraction and, eight of these proteins bound to dna. the patterns of mt-nucleoid proteins and of the dna-binding ...	1996	8888620
mechanical responses of chromium-deficient developing rat heart.	mechanical responses were compared between controls, developing sprague-dawley rat papillary muscle and age-matched weanlings fed with torula yeast, a food source deficient in chromium. at 8 weeks postnatal, deficient rats differed in significant ways from their normal counterparts. deficient rats in contrast to controls weighed less, their interval-force (i-f) relationship was more negative and their inotropic response to high calcium concentrations was greater. at this time, however, deficient ...	1996	8925433
[effect of ethoxyquin on the utilization of selenium in growing pigs].	in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement with 30 male castrates (german landrace; 13.7 +/- 1.7 kg b.w.), after a 2 week feeding period with a maize/torula yeast basal diet poor in selenium and without vitamin e supplementation, the effect of two ethoxiquin concentrations (0 and 150 mg/kg) und 3 selenium concentrations (0.075, 0.10 and 0.125 mg/kg) on growth, the activity of the se dependent gsh-px in the erythrocytes and the se concentrations in liver, kidney, heart and diaphragm was measured after 4 we ...	1995	8526734
histological study of iron deposits in selenium-deficient rats.	previous studies have shown that selenium (se) deficiency is associated with hematological abnormalities, which may result in an increased distribution of iron in various tissues. this report describes histological studies of the location of excess iron deposits in tissues. male wistar rats were fed a torula yeast-based se-deficient [se(-)] or se-adequate [se(+); containing 0.1 mg se/kg as sodium selenite] diet for 8 or 82 weeks. excised tissues were embedded in either paraffin or epoxy resin. a ...	1995	8534984
the acidic ribosomal proteins of different yeast species. phosphorylation by ribosome-associated protein kinases.	two major ribosomal proteins of mr 13 kda and 38 kda were identified as phosphorylation substrates for ribosome-bound protein kinases from different yeast species. the phosphorylation level was much higher in ribosomes from the cells collected at the exponential growth phase, than in those from the stationary phase. isoelectrofocusing of the protein band of 13 kda and subsequent silver staining allowed to identify from four in the case of pichia stipitis up to ten in saccharomyces cerevisiae. sa ...	1995	8537876
effect of ingestion of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil on biochemical indices of selenium status in rats.	biochemical indices of selenium (se) deficiency (liver se content and glutathione peroxidase (gshpx) activity, and urinary ketone bodies during fasting) were measured in se-deficient or se-sufficient control rats with or without ingestion of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (ptu). male weanling wistar rats (50 to 60 g) were fed on a torula yeast-based se-deficient diet (se content, < 0.01 microgram/g), or on the same diet supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1 microgram se/g). the rats were given 0.05% ptu ...	1995	7595971
selenium deficiency as a cause of overload of iron and unbalanced distribution of other minerals.	previous studies have shown that there are hematological abnormalities in selenium (se)-deficient animals. this study examined the effects of se deficiency on various minerals in serum and other tissues of male wistar rats. the animals were given free access to either torula yeast-based se-deficient (sed) diet or se-adequate (sea) (containing 0.1 mg se/kg diet as sodium selenite) diet. blood was sampled after 12 and 24 weeks, and the rats were killed after 24 weeks, for the analysis of minerals ...	1995	7766029
selenium deficiency alters thyroid hormone metabolism in guinea pigs.	in guinea pigs, activity of glutathione peroxidase in most organs is markedly lower than in organs of other rodents despite comparable dietary intakes and tissue levels of selenium. to determine if metabolism of selenium with respect to other selenoproteins also differs in guinea pigs, we measured the effects of selenium intake on thyroid hormone metabolism. weanling male hartley albino guinea pigs were fed a selenium-deficient torula yeast-based diet, or the same diet supplemented with 0.5 mg s ...	1995	7861257
the phylogenetic relationships of pichia jadinii, formerly classified in the genus hansenula, and related species based on the partial sequences of 18s and 26s ribosomal rnas (saccharomycetaceae).	we analyzed 18s and 26s rrna partial base sequences [positions 1451-1618 (168 bases) of 18s rrna and positions 1611-1835 (225 bases) and 493-622 (130 bases) of 26s rrna] of a total of three strains of pichia jadinii and candida utilis. the three strains had identical base sequences with the type strain of p. jadinii (ifo 0987) in the 18s rrna partial base sequencings. in the 26s rrna partial base sequencings, there were partial base sequences similar to each other (1-0 base difference and 87-95 ...	1995	7766195
effects of brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance and serum lipids in chinese adults.	this study was designed to investigate the supplemental effects of brewer's yeast on serum glucose and lipids in chinese adults. twenty-two participants (8 males and 14 females) were recruited from pingtung city. mean age of the group was 51 yr, and fasting values of total cholesterol and glucose were from 3.21 to 6.90 and 4.3 to 6.2 mmol/l, respectively. before supplementation, a 75 g oral glucose load was administered after an overnight (9 h) fast. blood was drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, and ...	1994	7946924
pteroyl- and tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamate effects on the catalytic activity of thymidylate synthase from lactobacillus leichmannii: a novel method for determining gamma-glutamyl chain lengths of the folylpolyglutamates.	tetrahydropteroylpolyglutamates with longer gamma-glutamyl chain lengths have been found to act as better cofactors than the corresponding monoglutamates for the activity of thymidylate synthase, (5, 10-ch2h4pteglu: dump c-methyltransferase, ec 2.1.1.45) purified from lactobacillus leichmannii. contrarily, the pteroylpolyglutamates (unreduced forms) with longer gamma-glutamyl chain lengths act as powerful inhibitors of the same enzyme, the i50 being 2 microm for the tetraglutamate, and inhibitio ...	1994	7959844
bioavailability of selenium from raw and cooked ground beef assessed in selenium-deficient fischer rats.	the literature on the bioavailability of selenium (se) from meats, especially beef, is meager, and that which existed when this research began suggested that se was not highly bioavailable. in addition, much of the analytical values for se in beef predated the food and drug administration's 1973 approval of se as an additive to feeds and mineral premixes of livestock.	1994	8157862
effects of dietary selenium on uvb-induced skin carcinogenesis and epidermal antioxidant status.	low plasma selenium levels have been linked to increased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in humans. the present study examined the relationship between selenium level in the diet and development of skin tumors induced by ultraviolet radiation in female skh:hr-1 hairless mice. animals were maintained on a torula yeast-based diet containing either 0, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg selenium as na2seo3. ultraviolet light at a dose of 90 mj/cm2, three times weekly for 20 weeks, resulted in skin tumors in all gro ...	1994	8176260
selenium from beef is highly bioavailable as assessed by liver glutathione peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.9) activity and tissue selenium.	the bioavailability of se from ground beef has been previously found in this laboratory to be greater than that of selenite or selenate when fed to female fischer 344 rats. in the present study we examined the bioavailability of se from various commercial portions of beef, the liver, striploin, round, shoulder and brisket. all beef was cooked, freeze-dried, finely powdered and mixed with the other dietary ingredients. the experimental diets were fed to the weanling fischer 344 rats which had bee ...	1994	7827008
mineral status in selenium-deficient rats compared to selenium-sufficient rats fed vitamin-free casein-based or torula yeast-based diet.	to clarify the mineral status in selenium (se)-deficient rats fed a vitamin-free casein (vfc)-based or torula yeast (ty)-based diet, 24 weanling male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups fed diets using vfc or ty as the protein source and containing se at sufficient (0.5 microgram/g, +se) or deficient (0.019 microgram/g for vfc-based and < 0.005 microgram/g for ty-based diets, -se) level for 8 wk. ty supplied a larger amount of extra minerals (na, k, ca, mg, fe, mn, zn, and cu) except se than ...	1993	7688535
resolutive candida utilis fungemia in a nonneutropenic patient.	we report here the second case of candida utilis infection in humans. the patient was apparently immunocompetent, had no central catheter, and survived an 8-day fungemia. genomic analysis confirmed the conspecificity of medical and industrial strains of c. utilis and that of the anamorphic yeast c. utilis with the teleomorphic yeast pichia jadinii.	1993	8315009
effects of selenium deficiency on xenobiotic-metabolizing and other enzymes in rat liver.	the present study was undertaken to characterize effects of selenium (se) deficiency on 16 enzymes recovered in either one or more of the subcellular fractions of rat liver (as a basis for future studies on the mechanisms underlying the observed changes). male rats were fed a torula-yeast based diet with 0.23 mg se/kg or the same diet with 0.009 mg se/kg, from weaning and for 10 weeks. statistically significant effects of se deficiency were the following: se-dependent glutathione peroxidase decr ...	1993	8320056
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. structure-function relationships and the pichia jadinii enzyme structure.	the primary structure of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the yeast pichia jadinii (formerly candida utilis) has been determined. it consists of a 495-residue, n-terminally acetylated protein chain. the structure shows extensive differences from those of the corresponding mammalian, fruit fly, and bacterial enzymes (52-68% residue non-identities), but also from that of another yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae (38%). a eubacterial type and a yeast type of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ar ...	1993	8444164
selenium requirements of rats for normal hepatic and thyroidal 5'-deiodinase (type i) activities.	the nutritional requirement of selenium for type i 5'-deiodinase activity in thyroid compared with liver was assessed in rats. male weanling sprague-dawley rats were fed a torula yeast-based diet for 20 wk. one group of rats was fed the se-deficient basal diet (0.01 mg se/kg). the other three groups were fed the basal diet plus sodium selenite at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg se/kg diet. liver 5'-deiodinase and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activities were depressed in the group fed the se-deficient (b ...	1993	8505673
studies of the digestibility of pigs fed dietary sucrose, fructose or glucose.	digestion of sucrose, fructose and glucose was studied in pigs with reentrant cannulas in the distal ileum or intact pigs fed diets formulated with sucrose, fructose and glucose as the major energy source and torula yeast. sucrose and glucose were completely digested in the small intestine (apparent digestibility, 98.3 and 98.3%, respectively but a fraction of the dietary fructose escaped to the large intestine (adjusted value, 11.7%). there was no carbohydrate in rectal contents of the pigs. th ...	1992	1295481
glucose tolerance factor potentiation of insulin action in adipocytes from rats raised on a torula yeast diet cannot be attributed to a deficiency of chromium or glucose tolerance factor activity in the diet.	the nature of the dietary component responsible for adipocytes having the ability to respond to glucose tolerance factor (gtf) was investigated. rats were raised on either a control diet or one of three diets differing only in the protein source (torula yeast, brewer's yeast, or casein). only in adipocytes from rats fed the torula yeast diet did a gtf fraction prepared from brewer's yeast potentiate the action of suboptimal concentrations of insulin in the incorporation of label from d-[1-14c]-g ...	1992	1375046
[influence of dietary selenium level on immune function of rats with esophageal tumors induced by methylbenzylnitrosamine (nmbza)].	the influence of dietary selenium of the incidence of esophageal tumor induced by nmbza and the immune function during carcinogenesis were studied in rats fed with torula yeast diet and survived for 18 weeks. the incidences of esophageal tumors were statistically not significant among rats on normal, high and low selenium intake (p greater than 0.05). the level of plaque forming cells (pfc), delayed type hypersensitivity (dth), natural killer cell activity (nk) were significantly higher in the h ...	1992	1396046
genetic diversity of the yeast candida utilis.	the electrophoretic karyotypes and some mtdna restriction fragment patterns of 13 strains of candida utilis and one strain of hansenula jadinii were compared. pfge separations revealed remarkable chromosome length polymorphisms between two groups of strains suggesting that perhaps they do not belong to the same species. however, all strains had the same or similar ecori, hindiii and bamhi mtdna restriction patterns. the mtdna genomes had an average size range of 55 kb. these results support the ...	1992	1473175
studies on se incorporation in selenoproteins; effects of peroxisome proliferators and hydrogen peroxide generating system.	the objective of this study was to characterize the influence of peroxisome proliferation on the metabolism of physiological concentrations of se. in an initial series of experiments hepatocytes in primary cultures and isolated from ordinary-fed rats, were used. the cells were exposed to 75se-selenite (30 nm) and after 24 h the labelling of selenoproteins was analysed with sds-page. treatments with mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (mehp; a metabolite of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (dehp)), nafenopin, d ...	1992	1540996
redox ribonucleosides. isolation and characterization of 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from torula yeast rna.	three hydroxyribonucleosides catalyzing the oxido-reduction of nadh and k3f3(cn)6 were purified from torula yeast rna by a series of steps including sodium dodecyl sulfate/phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography on an ods column. analysis by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy led to identification of the redox ribonucleosides as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydr ...	1992	1618833
dietary selenium stabilizes glutathione peroxidase mrna in rat liver.	the objective of these studies was to determine the step at which dietary selenium (se) regulates the pre-translational expression of the gene for cytosolic se-glutathione peroxidase (se-gpx) in rat liver. weanling male sprague-dawley rats were fed a torula yeast-based se-deficient diet, or the same diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/kg as na2seo3, for at least 40 d. livers were excised and divided into three portions for isolation of nuclei, for purification of total rna and for assay of se-gpx acti ...	1992	1640255
o-ribosyl-phosphate purine as a constant modified nucleotide located at position 64 in cytoplasmic initiator trnas(met) of yeasts.	the unknown modified nucleotide g*, isolated from both schizosaccharomyces pombe and torulopsis utilis initiator trnas(met), has been identified as an o-ribosyl-(1"----2')-guanosine-5"-phosphate, called gr(p), by means of hplc, uv-absorption, mass spectrometry and periodate oxidation procedures. by comparison with the previously published structure of ar(p) isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae initiator trna(met), the (1"----2')-glycosidic bond in gr(p) has been postulated to have a beta-spati ...	1991	1656390
cellular immune responses in pigs fed a vitamin e- and selenium-deficient diet.	the effects of dietary restriction of vitamin e (vit e) and selenium (se) on lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (nk) cell activity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc), and on burst respiratory response of stimulated granulocytes as measured by chemiluminescence (cl) were studied in pigs. six male weanling pigs were maintained for 25 d on a torula yeast-based diet containing no measurable amount of alpha-tocopherol and less than .02 mg of se per kilogram of feed. six other ...	1991	1830044
novel minimum ribozymes with oxidoreduction activity: 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine isolated from torula yeast rna.	three nucleosides catalyzing the oxidoreduction of nadh and k3fe(cn)6 were isolated from torula yeast rna and also obtained by a series of steps: sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods column. their chemical structures were clearly determined as 5-hydroxyuridine, 8-hydroxyguanosine, and 8-hydroxyadenosine from the results of fab-ms, 1h and 13c-nmr spectroscopies.	1991	1842045
assessment of the influence of dietary vitamin e on sows and offspring in three parities: reproductive performance, tissue tocopherol, and effects on progeny.	sixty crossbred (yorkshire-hampshire x duroc) gilts were fed one of four corn-soybean meal diets fortified with .3 ppm se and 0, 16, 33, or 66 iu of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg. the study was conducted over a three-parity period to evaluate sow reproductive performance and the vitamin e tissue status of both sows and progeny at various time periods postcoitum and(or) postpartum. the basal diet averaged 8.4 mg of alpha-tocopherol/kg and .38 ppm of se. although litter size at birth was lowest ( ...	1991	1885399
subsite interactions of ribonuclease t1: viscosity effects indicate that the rate-limiting step of gpn transesterification depends on the nature of n.	we report on the effect of the viscogenic agents glycerol and ficoll on the rnase t1 catalyzed turnover of gpa, gpc, gpu, and torula yeast rna. for wild-type enzyme, we find that the kcat/km values for the transesterification of gpc and gpa as well as for the cleavage of rna are inversely proportional to the relative viscosity of glycerol-containing buffers; no such effect is observed for the conversion of gpu to cgmp and u. the second-order rate constants for his40ala and glu46ala rnase t1, two ...	1991	1909570
characterization of the extracellular ribonuclease of tetrahymena pyriformis w.	several investigations have indicated that tetrahymena pyriformis secretes ribonuclease activity into culture media. the extracellular ribonuclease from strain w has been purified and partially characterized. the molecular weight was determined by gel filtration to be 26,500. the amino acid composition of the enzyme was compared with those of the three intracellular ribonucleases characterized by trangas, and substantial differences were demonstrated. the extracellular enzyme hydrolyzed both pol ...	1991	1920145
effect of deficiencies of selenium and vitamin e alone or in combination on the induction of mammary carcinogenesis by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea.	experiments were conducted to determine the dietary levels of selenium and vitamin e that could be fed chronically to induce a deficiency of one or both nutrients. it was observed that diets containing less than 0.02 mg se/kg and 3 iu vitamin e/kg induced a deficiency without drastically altering growth performance or survival. once established, these dietary conditions were used to investigate the effect of single or combined deficiencies of selenium and vitamin e on the promotion phase of mamm ...	1991	1934307
comparative antioxidant effectiveness of dietary beta-carotene, vitamin e, selenium and coenzyme q10 in rat erythrocytes and plasma.	five groups of five weanling rats were each fed a torula yeast-based diet either unsupplemented or supplemented with 30 mg beta-carotene/kg, 30 iu vitamin e/kg, 1 mg selenium/kg or 30 mg coenzyme q10/kg. elevated levels of plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase are sensitive indicators of liver damage. the former enzyme was lower (p less than 0.01) in the vitamin e-, selenium- and beta-carotene-supplemented groups than in the unsupplemented control group, and the latter e ...	1991	1992057
effects of selenium deficiency on sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes in mice.	sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes were examined in mice maintained on a torula yeast diet for 5 weeks. in the selenium-deficient group, the proportion of abnormal sperm was high, ranging from 6.8% to 49.6%, while in the control group it ranged from only 4.0% to 15.0%. the most frequently occurring abnormalities in sperm shape were in the sperm head. there was also a tendency for abnormalities in other regions (neck, midpiece and tail) to be increased. however, in metaphase-i spermato ...	1991	2000100
correlation between spermine stimulation of rat liver ile-trna formation and structural change of the acceptor stem by spermine.	we have recently reported that the interaction of spermine with the acceptor and anticodon stems may be important for spermine stimulation of rat liver ile-trna formation [peng, z. et al. (1990) arch. biochem. biophys. 279, 138-145]. to pinpoint which interaction of spermine is more important for spermine stimulation of ile-trna formation, ile-trna formation and ribonuclease v1 sensitivity of trna(ile) were studied using purified trnas(ile) from rat liver, wheat germ, brewer's yeast, torula yeas ...	1991	2049097
search for novel rna catalysts. an rna component with oxidoreductase activity.	a novel rna component with oxidoreductase activity (diaphorase activity) has been purified from an rna fraction of torula yeast. the rna component was obtained in a 0.05% yield by a series of steps, sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods-column.	1990	2101915
selenium and immune cell functions. ii. effect on lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.	selenium (se) is an essential nutritional factor with a chemopreventive potential. this study examined the ability of c57bl/6j mice, maintained for 8 weeks on se-deficient (0.02 ppm se), normal (0.20 ppm se), or se-supplemented (2.00 ppm se) torula yeast-based diets, to generate cytotoxic lymphocytes (ctl) and to destroy tumor cells. ctl were generated in vivo by intraperitoneal immunization with p815 cells and in vitro by allogeneic stimulation of cells from animals maintained on a normal diet ...	1990	2105506
dietary and monensin effects on activity of hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system in chickens.	four experiments were conducted to investigate if the degree of activation of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase (mfo) system was related to the degree of growth depression associated with the addition of monensin to the diet. the experiments were conducted with broiler chicks in battery brooders in which the chicks were fed diets of various composition and containing monensin at 0 to 160 ppm. in all experiments, the activity of the mfo system was estimated by the change in the content of cyt ...	1990	2235844
a novel minimum ribozyme with oxidoreduction activity.	a nucleoside catalyzing the oxidoreduction of nadh and k3fe(cn)6 was isolated from torula yeast rna and also obtained in 0.05% yield by a series of steps: sds-phenol extraction, nuclease p1 digestion, alkaline phosphatase digestion, anion exchange chromatography, and hplc on an ods column. its chemical structure was clearly determined at 5-hydroxycytidine, from the results of fab-ms and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopies. the mass spectra, chromatographic behavior, uv spectra, and nmr spectra of this ...	1990	2271669
[effects of selenium deficiency and supplementation on tumor immune response in mice].	dba/2 mice were fed for 16 weeks with torula yeast-based synthetic diet containing various concentrations of selenium (se). at 13th week, the mice were immunized with syngenetic l5178 y lymphoma cells and their specific and non-specific tumor immune responses were examined 3 weeks after immunization. the results indicated that in mice fed with a diet containing 0.007 ppm se, the serum se level was extremely low (0.02 micrograms/ml). these se-deficient mice were unable to elicit normal tumor-spec ...	1990	2276320
selenium and immune cell functions. i. effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2.	the dietary intake of selenium (se) has been shown to influence the development and expression of various biologic processes. this study examined the immunologic competence of lymphocytes from c57bl/6j mice maintained for 8 weeks on se-deficient (0.02 ppm se), normal (0.20 ppm se, as sodium selenite), or se-supplemented (2.00 ppm se) torula yeast-based diets. the ability of the cells to recognize alloantigens, to proliferate in response to stimuli, and to produce interleukin 2 (il-2) was determi ...	1990	2300594
comparison of the magnitude of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool and whole body endogenous selenium in adult rats.	the quantitative relationship between the size of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool (wse-emp) and whole body endogenous selenium (seend) was investigated in adult male rats. two experiments based on multiple labeling with stable isotopes were performed. one focused on short-term (7 d, expt. 1) and the other on long-term (60 d, expt. 2) relationships. rats were fed a torula yeast diet and water supplemented with [76se]selenite at 0.1 micrograms se/ml; the in vivo [74se]selenite tracer was ...	1990	2313382
comparative toxicity and tissue retention of selenium in methionine-deficient rats fed sodium selenate or l-selenomethionine.	selenium (se) toxicity is known to be affected by level of intake of the mineral, but there are conflicting reports on the relative toxicities of the various chemical forms of se. we monitored se toxicity in rats fed torula yeast-based diets containing 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 micrograms se/g of diet as either sodium selenate (na2seo4) or l-selenomethionine (semet). half the diets were supplemented to contain adequate dietary methionine (met). weights were monitored weekly for 6 (met-adequate) or 7 (met- ...	1990	2313384
effect of acute selenium restriction on whole body endogenous selenium and the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool in the adult rat.	the time course of changes in whole body endogenous selenium (se(end)) was investigated during a short-term (7-day) selenium restriction study in the adult rat. the method of continuous feeding with a stable isotope of selenium was used to permit normal intake of selenium while distinguishing between the dietary and endogenous components of body selenium. additionally, the effect of short-term selenium restriction on the time course of the selenite-exchangeable metabolic pool (se-emp) was invest ...	1990	15539192
intermediary metabolite concentrations in xylulose- and glucose-fermenting saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.	glucose and xylulose fermentation and product formation by saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared in batch culture under anaerobic conditions. in both cases the main product was ethanol, with glycerol, xylitol, and arabitol produced as by-products. during glucose and xylulose fermentation, 0.74 and 0.37 g of cell mass liter, respectively, were formed. in glucose-fermenting cells, the carbon balance could be closed, whereas in xylulose-fermenting cells, about 25% of the consumed sugar carbon coul ...	1990	16348083
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. characterization of a reactive lysine residue in the pichia jadinii enzyme reveals a limited structural variation in a functionally significant segment.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from the yeast pichia jadinii has a reactive lysine residue in a segment of amino acid sequence ile-asp-his-tyr-leu-gly-lys*-glu-met-val-lys. this structure differs from that of other characterized glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, but outside yeasts the segment is invariant in known mammalian, insect and bacterial forms. thus, limited structural variation is now defined within yeasts for a part of the protein otherwise strictly conserved, and for which string ...	1989	2499329
effects of inadequate vitamin e and/or selenium nutrition on the release of arachidonic acid metabolites in rat alveolar macrophages.	effects of vitamin e and/or selenium (se) deficiency on the secretion of arachidonic acid metabolites by zymosan-stimulated pulmonary alveolar macrophages (am) were examined using cells from male long-evans hooded rats fed torula-yeast based diets with or without the supplementation of vitamin e (150 iu/kg) or se (0.5 mg/kg). alveolar macrophages obtained by lavage were purified by adherence and cultured for 4 h in hank's balanced salt solution containing bovine serum albumin (0.1%) and zymosan ...	1989	2546191
failure of glucose tolerance factor-containing brewer's yeast to ameliorate spontaneous diabetes in c57bl/ksj db/db mice.	glucose tolerance factor (gtf), the biologically active form of cr3+, has been ascribed a role in the potentiation of insulin action and glucose homeostasis. the present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with gtf-rich brewer's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) or gtf-deprived torula yeast (torulaspora delbrueckii) in genetically diabetic c57bl/ksj db/db mice. at 15 weeks of age, db/db mice exhibited increased body weight, hyperphagia, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and ...	1989	2680228
alterations in the protein-synthesis, -degradation and/or -secretion rates in hepatic subcellular fractions of selenium-deficient mice.	single mouse livers were subfractionated by differential centrifugation and isopycnic centrifugation on sucrose or metrizamide gradients and separated into subcellular compartments. the fractionation procedure was highly reproducible and yielded essentially similar results in different preparations of livers from selenium-adequate (se+) and selenium-deficient (se-) mice that were fed on a torula-yeast-based diet containing less than 10 parts per 10(9) of selenium for at least 16 weeks. mice of b ...	1989	2705998
qinghaosu, dietary vitamin e, selenium, and cod-liver oil: effect on the susceptibility of mice to the malarial parasite plasmodium yoelii.	young female mice were fed torula-yeast-based diets deficient in vitamin e or selenium or supplemented with cod-liver oil to determine the effect of host antioxidant status on the therapeutic efficacy of the chinese traditional antimalarial drug qinghaosu (qhs), a sesquiterpene endoperoxide. vitamin e deficiency enhanced the antimalarial action of qhs against plasmodium yoelii, both in terms of decreased parasitemia and improved survival but se deficiency did not. a vitamin e-deficient diet cont ...	1989	2756922
effect of dietary methionine on utilization of tissue selenium from dietary selenomethionine for glutathione peroxidase in the rat.	to study the effect of dietary methionine on the bioavailability of se from selenomethionine ([se]met), weanling rats were first loaded with se by feeding 0.5 mg se as [se]met per kg diet of a low methionine (0.17% by analysis) torula yeast-based diet for 21 d, and then were fed an se-deficient diet (less than 0.02 mg se/kg) supplemented with 0, 0.4 or 0.9% methionine for 28 d. plasma, liver and muscle se increased 2.6-, 2.5- and 2.2-fold, respectively, during [se]met supplementation, and then t ...	1988	3351634
effect of selenium status on mrna levels for glutathione peroxidase in rat liver.	to determine the effect of se status on the level of mrna for se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.9), rats were fed either a se-deficient torula yeast diet (less than 0.02 mg se/kg diet) or a se-adequate diet (+0.2 mg se/kg as na2seo3) for greater than 135 d. liver glutathione peroxidase activity was 0.025 for se-deficient versus 0.615 eu/mg protein for se-adequate rats. total liver rna and polyadenylated rna were isolated and subjected to northern blot analysis using a 700 bp dna pro ...	1988	3382406
effect of selenium repletion on glutathione peroxidase protein level in rat liver.	we have previously reported that liver glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px, ec 1.11.1.9) protein level and activity decrease exponentially during se deficiency. to determine the effect of se repletion on these parameters, se-deficient rats were repleted with 0.1 or 0.5 mg se/kg diet as na2seo3 in a 30% torula yeast-based diet and were killed 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 14 d later. gsh-px protein was quantitated using anti-gsh-px antibodies. dietary repletion with 0.5 mg se/kg diet increased gsh-px protein an ...	1988	3392594
time course study of liver lipid, mixed-function oxidase, and estradiol metabolism in laying hens fed different diets.	the purpose of this investigation was to determine if hepatic mixed-function oxidase (mfo) activity, plasma estradiol, and estradiol metabolism changed in concert with liver lipid content when laying hens were fed two diets of different composition. white leghorn laying hens were fed either a corn-soybean meal (cs) diet or cs plus fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay) for 24 days. hens were sampled at the start of the experiment and at 4, 24, 10, 17, and 24 days after the dietary chang ...	1987	3432193
relative nutritional availability to rats of selenium in finnish spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fertilized or sprayed with sodium selenate and in an american winter bread wheat naturally high in se.	a finnish national programme to fertilize crops with sodium selenate led us to compare the nutritional availability to rats of selenium in two finnish spring wheats (triticum aestivum l.), either fertilized or sprayed with sodium selenate, with that in an american winter bread wheat naturally high in se. weanling male rats were given a se-deficient torula yeast diet for 4 weeks followed by either continued depletion or repletion for 4 weeks with graded levels of se as sodium selenite (standard) ...	1987	3036197
carrier rna enhancement of recovery of dna from dilute solutions.	a study of the use of carrier rna to improve precipitation of dna from dilute solutions was conducted to define the conditions which optimize dna recovery. replicate samples containing labeled pbr322 and increasing concentrations of commercially-available torula yeast rna were ethanol precipitated at -20 degrees c for 1 h in microfuge tubes obtained from various manufacturers. nucleic acids were pelleted by centrifugation for either 5 or 30 min, dried and resuspended. although recovery was not i ...	1987	2437909
maternal selenium deficiency enhances the fetolethal toxicity of methyl mercury.	the effect of maternal selenium deficiency on methyl mercury fetotoxicity was examined in the icr strain of mice. pregnant mice were fed either selenium-deficient diets based on torula yeast or selenium-supplemented diets which were identical to the former except that 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of selenium per kilogram of diet was added as sodium selenite. fetolethality of methyl mercury was exacerbated by maternal selenium deficiency when mothers were administered sc 15, 25, or 35 mumol/kg/day of meth ...	1987	3576620
the effect of progressive selenium deficiency on anti-glutathione peroxidase antibody reactive protein in rat liver.	liver glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px, ec 1.11.1.9) activity decreases when weanling rats are fed a se-deficient diet. to determine the effect of dietary se deficiency on the concentration of the protein portion of gsh-px, weanling rats were fed a se-deficient (less than 0.02 ppm se) or a se-supplemented (0.2 ppm se as na2seo3) 30% torula yeast-based diet and killed 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 or 28 d later. gsh-px activity was assayed using h2o2, so only the se-dependent gsh-px was measured. anti-gsh-px ant ...	1987	3585523
fetal brain development in response to iodine deficiency in a primate model (callithrix jacchus jacchus).	the common cotton-eared marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) has been used for the first time as a primate model to study the effects of dietary iodine deficiency on fetal brain development. paired male and female marmosets were fed a low-iodine diet of maize, peas, meat meal, torula yeast, maize oil and added vitamins, minerals and amino acids for 6 months before mating. offspring from first and second pregnancies were compared with offspring from control marmosets fed the same diet but supple ...	1987	3612176
influence of diet composition on hepatic lipid deposition in two lines of australorps selected for liver fat differences.	this investigation was conducted to determine if the level of liver fat in black australorp laying hens, which had been selected over several generations for high or low liver fat content, would respond to changes in diet composition similar to the response of commercial strains of white leghorns. in the first experiment, the two selected lines were fed either a corn-soybean diet (cs) or an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diet containing 4.89% each of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (f ...	1987	3615330
alterations in the intermediary metabolism of selenium-deficient mice.	male albino mice were pair-fed a torula yeast-based selenium-deficient (se-) diet containing 10 ppb selenium for 4 months, while a control group (se+) received a similar diet supplemented with 330 ppb selenium as na2seo3. in addition to previously observed modulations of drug-metabolizing enzymes (reiter, r. and wendel, a. (1985) biochem. pharmacol. 34, 2287-2290), an increase of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity and succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver by about 60% was found. in vi ...	1987	3113495
radiation inactivation analysis of enzymes. effect of free radical scavengers on apparent target sizes.	in most cases the apparent target size obtained by radiation inactivation analysis corresponds to the subunit size or to the size of a multimeric complex. in this report, we examined whether the larger than expected target sizes of some enzymes could be due to secondary effects of free radicals. to test this proposal we carried out radiation inactivation analysis on escherichia coli dna polymerase i, torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, chlorella vulgaris nitrate reductase, and chicke ...	1987	3298256
differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione-related enzymes and on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in the rat.	these studies were undertaken to assess the effect of dietary selenium on glutathione-related enzyme activities in the liver and kidney and on hepatic drug metabolism. the intent was to study underlying mechanisms of selenium-induced beneficial effects in some models of hepatoxicity and carcinogenesis. dietary selenium, as sodium selenite, was incorporated into a torula yeast basal diet (0.02 ppm selenium) and fed to male rats at supplementation levels of 0.0-5.0 ppm selenium for periods of thre ...	1987	3691324
dietary ascorbic acid and selenium relationships in the guinea pig.	plasma-, erythrocyte- and liver se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx) activity, ascorbic acid (aa) concentration, and erythrocyte and liver se levels were analyzed in groups of guinea pigs fed a torula yeast-based semipurified diet supplemented with either o (-aa), 200 (+aa), or 400 (++aa) mg of aa/kg of diet and either 0.05 (+se) or 0.2 (++se) ppm of se for 24 days. plasma, erythrocyte, and liver aa concentration were directly related to the levels of aa fed. there were 21.2 +/- 2.7% and 51 ...	1987	3827207
effects of torula and brewer's yeast diets in obese and lean mice.	obese c57bl/6j-ob mice (ob/ob) and their lean littermates (?/+) were fed either torula yeast-based diet (ty) or brewer's yeast-based diet (by) for a 23-d experimental period. obese mice fed the by diet had significantly lower liver weights than did mice fed the ty diet. likewise, plasma glucose and insulin were significantly lower in obese mice fed the brewer's yeast diet (by) than the torula yeast diet (ty). liver weight and plasma glucose and insulin of lean mice were not significantly affecte ...	1987	24254826
identification of a modified nucleoside located in the first position of the anticodon of torulopsis utilis trnapro as 5-carbamoylmethyluridine.	an unknown nucleoside in the first position of the anticodon of torulopsis utilis trnapro has been isolated. the uv, 1h nmr and secondary ion mass spectra indicated that this nucleoside is a uridine derivative, 5-carbamoylmethyluridine. the structure was completely established by comparison of the instrumental analysis results and chromatographic behavior of the isolated nucleoside with those of a synthetic sample.	1986	3634774
tolerance of low and high dietary selenium throughout the life span of syrian hamsters.	in lifetime studies on the effects of dietary selenium (se) levels, syrian hamsters were fed diets containing low (unsupplemented torula yeast), adequate (0.1 ppm se supplemented from sodium selenite), or excessive (5 ppm se supplemented from sodium selenite) levels of se. a commercial ration was fed to separate groups. male and female hamsters were assigned to each diet, and blood samples were collected at 54 and 79 weeks of age for determination of se status. body weights of male hamsters were ...	1986	3752922
nutritional availability to rats of selenium in four seafoods: crab (callinectes sapidus), oyster (crassostrea virginica), shrimp (penaeus duorarum) and baltic herring (clupea harengus).	1. the present study was conducted to determine the biological availability to rats of the selenium in four high-se seafoods: crab (callinectes sapidus), oyster (crassostrea virginica), shrimp (penaeus duorarum) and baltic herring (clupea harengus). 2. weanling male rats were fed on a se-deficient torula yeast diet for 4 weeks followed by either continued depletion or repletion for 4 weeks with 0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 microgram se as selenite/g, or 0.1 or 0.2 microgram se as freeze-dried cooked test fo ...	1986	3676154
selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase inhibitors increase toxicity of prooxidant compounds in chicks.	the acute lethality of paraquat (1, 1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride; also methyl viologen) for chicks was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by adding to a selenium-deficient torula-yeast-based diet low concentrations (0.02-0.04 ppm) of selenium (se) as either na2seo3, selenomethionine or a high se yeast without significantly increasing plasma se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (se gsh-px) activity. similarly, chicks orally dosed with 100 mg nitrofurantoin [n-(5-nitro-2 furfurylidine)- ...	1986	3093647
identification and assignment of base pairs in three helical stems of torulopsis utilis ribosomal 5s rna and its rnase t1 and rnase t2 cleaved fragments via 500-mhz proton homonuclear overhauser enhancements.	imino proton resonances in the downfield region (10-14 ppm) of the 500-mhz 1h nmr spectrum of torulopsis utilis 5s rna are identified (a x u, g x c, or g x u) and assigned to base pairs in helices i, iv, and v via analysis of homonuclear overhauser enhancements (noe) from intact t. utilis 5s rna, its rnase t1 and rnase t2 digested fragments, and a second yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) 5s rna whose nucleotide sequence differs at only six residues from that of t. utilis 5s rna. the near-identica ...	1986	3094580
interactions of selenium deficiency, vitamin e, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in male f344 rats.	the effect of the interaction of selenium deficiency, excess vitamin e, and type of fat on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (aom) was studied in male f344 rats. the experimental diets, based on a torula yeast diet and containing 20% stripped corn oil or 20% stripped lard, were as follows: 1) selenium deficient with adequate (50 mg/kg diet) vitamin e, 2) selenium deficient with excess (750 mg/kg diet) vitamin e, 3) selenium adequate with adequate vitamin e, and 4) selenium adequate wi ...	1986	3458951
effects of dietary selenium on bis(2-oxopropyl)nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis in syrian golden hamsters.	in studies designed to determine the influence of dietary se on pancreatic carcinogenesis, syrian golden hamsters were fed unsupplemented torula yeast diet or diet supplemented with 0.1 or 5.0 ppm se, from sodium selenite, starting at 4 weeks of age until the termination of the study. in separate groups, hamsters were given the diet supplemented with 0.1 ppm se until 5 days after carcinogen treatment. then they were fed either the unsupplemented diet or the diet supplemented with 5.0 ppm se unti ...	1986	3467117
the effects of ozone inhalation on the immunological response of selenium- and vitamin e-deprived rats.	deficiencies in vitamin e (e) or se result in immune alterations, possibly due to reduction of antioxidant activity. such reductions might greatly compromise the ability of the immune system to deal with additional oxidant stress, as encountered during exposure to air pollutants such as ozone (o3). to study possible interactions of these oxidative stresses on immune function, male long-evans hooded rats were maintained 5 weeks on torula yeast-based diets, with or without the addition of e or se. ...	1986	3488208
increased proliferative activity in selenium-deficient mouse liver.	male albino nmri mice were fed a selenium-deficient (se-), torula yeast-based diet containing less than 10 ppb se for at least 2 months (se-) while a control group received the same diet supplemented (se+) with 330 ppb se as na2seo3. the se-(-)animals showed multiple enzyme modulations of liver enzyme activities indicating that they were in a severely se- state. no significant difference in the basic dna synthesis rate of se-(-)animals compared to se+ controls was measured. however, when liver c ...	1986	2945649
evidence for the intercalation of thalidomide into dna: clue to the molecular mechanism of thalidomide teratogenicity?	the intercalation of thalidomide (alpha-phthalimidoglutarimide) into nucleic acids was studied by spectrophotometric titrations, displacement of known intercalators, viscosity changes of dna solutions, and by phase partition analysis. specific binding of thalidomide was found to dna of various specimens (human placenta, calf thymus, salmon sperm), but not to rna (from bakers yeast, torula yeast).	1986	2953123
selenium deficiency and detoxication functions in the rat: short-term effects of cadmium.	weanling rats were fed a torula yeast-based selenium-deficient diet with or without supplementation of sodium selenite (0.2 ppm selenium) in the drinking water. after 5-6 weeks on the diet regimens, the liver glutathione peroxidase activity of the selenium-deficient groups had decreased to about 1% of the supplemented groups, and the rats were then used in experiments. cadmium-induced effects on the drug-metabolizing system of the liver were measured as the microsomal capacity to perform n- and ...	1986	3956391
effects of vitamin e and selenium deficiencies on rat immune function.	the effects of dietary restriction of vitamin e and selenium were studied in male long-evans hooded rats. weanling animals were maintained for 5-6 weeks on torula yeast-based diets, with or without the addition of vitamin e (150 iu/kg) or selenium (0.5 mg/kg), to form the following dietary groups: +e, +se; +e, -se; -e, +se; -e, -se, and a fifth group pair-fed with the -e, -se group. this latter group exhibited a decreased rate of growth similar to the -e, -se group. lymphocyte blastogenesis in r ...	1985	3972431
the effect of marginal levels of calcium, fish meal, torula yeast and alfalfa meal on feed intake, hepatic lipid accumulation, plasma estradiol, and egg shell quality among laying hens.	in two 2 x 3 factorial-design experiments, single comb white leghorn (scwl) laying hens were fed either a corn-soy (cs) diet or one containing 5% each of fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay), each with 2.0, 2.75, or 3.5% calcium in experiment 1 and 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5% in experiment 2. duration of the experiments were 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. low dietary calcium resulted in decreased efficiency of energy utilization in both experiments and significantly elevated energy consumption in ...	1985	4001075
dietary effects on content of hepatic lipid, plasma minerals, and tissue ascorbic acid in hens and estrogenized chicks.	the purpose of this study was to determine if plasma mineral levels and plasma or hepatic ascorbic acid would be affected by the composition of the diet fed to chickens with higher circulating estrogen levels. three-week-old broiler chicks were implanted with estradiol dipropionate to give estimated release rates of 0, 3.2, and 8.0 micrograms/bird/day. the chicks were fed a corn-soy diet (cs) or a diet containing 5% fish meal, 5% alfalfa meal and 10% torula yeast (fay). the fay diet resulted in ...	1985	4001076
selenium and drug metabolism--iii. relation of glutathione-peroxidase and other hepatic enzyme modulations to dietary supplements.	male mice were fed a torula yeast-based diet containing different amounts of added selenium for a period of 4 months. liver glutathione peroxidase activity assayed with h2o2 showed a logarithmic dependence on dietary selenium with a saturation plateau above 2 ppm se and an extrapolated zero of 0.02 ppm se. in contrast, liver selenium content and gsh-peroxidase activity showed a linear correlation. glutathione peroxidase activity became undetectable at a liver se content of about 90 ng se/g liver ...	1985	4015677
selenium deficiency and detoxication functions in the rat: effect of chronic dietary cadmium.	male rats from moderately selenium-deficient dams were fed a torula yeast-based, selenium-deficient diet for 7 weeks, with or without added supplements of sodium selenite (0.2 ppm selenium) and cadmium chloride (50 ppm cadmium) in the drinking water. cadmium caused about 10% body-weight loss in selenium-deficient, as well as in supplemented rats. glutathione peroxidase activity in liver 105,000 g supernatant and in erythrocyte hemolysate from selenium-deficient rats was about 1% and 3%, respecti ...	1985	4028975
effect of dietary selenium deficiency on incidence and size of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in rats.	torula yeast diets deficient (less than or equal to 0.02 ppm) in selenium (se) and a control diet supplemented with sodium selenite (0.1 ppm se), were fed to 52 male sprague-dawley rats per diet for 23 wk following weaning. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) was administered (20 mg/kg body weight) in 20 weekly i.p. injections after 3 wk of feeding. after 23 wk, 67% of the rats fed the se-deficient diet had intestinal adenocarcinomas versus 63% on the 0.1 ppm se diets. diet also had no effect on the num ...	1985	4032067
liver response to diet and estrogen in white leghorn and rhode island red chickens.	experiments were conducted to compare the response of rhode island reds (rir) and white leghorns (wl) to estradiol (e2) administration and diets of different composition. in growing chickens injected with e2 for 7 days, rir accumulated significantly more hepatic lipid and had significantly less plasma lipid than wl. both rir and wl, injected for 4 days with e2, had lower hepatic lipids when fed a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fay) than when fed a corn-soybean meal di ...	1985	4039822
impaired ketone body metabolism in the selenium deficient rat. possible implications.	male rats were fed a selenium-deficient torula yeast diet with or without 0.2 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite) in the drinking water. selenium deficiency caused a significant increase of urinary acetoacetate excretion in fed rats, and 24 or 48 hours of starvation enhanced this effect. two days of selenium supplementation decreased the amount of urinary acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate to 50% of the deficiency value, indicating an enzymatic impairment in the selenium-deficient rat. no selenium ...	1985	4058313
differential effects of dietary selenium on hepatic and renal glutathione metabolism in the rat.	studies were undertaken to determine whether or not dietary selenium (se), as sodium selenite, at suboptimal (unsupplemented torula yeast diets, 0.02 ppm se) or supplemented up to dietary excess, but nontoxic, levels (5.0 ppm se) could selectively modify hepatic and renal reduced glutathione (gsh) levels and the enzymes involved in gsh metabolism. male rats were provided torula yeast semipurified diets containing approximately 0.02 ppm se in the basal diet and supplements of 0.1, 2.0, or 5.0 ppm ...	1985	4064933
effects of selenium supplementation on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.	four groups of weanling male wistar rats (groups a-d) received diethylnitrosamine (den, 40 ppm) in their drinking water for four weeks; after a recovery period of two weeks, they received (for the rest of the experiment) phenobarbital (pb, 500 ppm) added to a torula yeast-based diet containing 0.17 ppm of selenium. dietary selenium (2 ppm), as sodium selenite, was given to group b one week before and during den treatment, to group c one week before and during pb treatment, and to group d during ...	1985	4070005