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infectivity of deinbollia mosaic virus, a novel weed-infecting begomovirus in east africa.weed-infecting begomoviruses play an important role in the epidemiology of crop diseases because they can potentially infect crops and contribute to the genetic diversity of crop-infecting begomoviruses. despite the important epidemiological role that weed-infecting begomoviruses play, they remain insufficiently studied in africa. recently, we identified deinbollia mosaic virus (dmv), a distinct begomovirus found naturally infecting the weed host deinbollia borbonica (sapindaceae) in kenya and t ...201728791544
effect of tamarindus indica l. and manihot esculenta extracts on antibiotic-resistant bacteria.the chemical composition of plants used in traditional medicine exhibits biologically active compounds, such as tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids and becomes a promising approach to treat microbial infections, mainly with drug-resistant bacteria.201728539745
desmodium mottle virus, the first legumovirus (genus begomovirus) from east africa.a novel bipartite legumovirus (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae), that naturally infects the wild leguminous plant desmodium sp. in uganda, was molecularly characterized and named desmodium mottle virus. the highest nucleotide identities for dna-a, obtained from two field-collected samples, were 79.9% and 80.1% with the legumovirus, soybean mild mottle virus. dna-b had the highest nucleotide identities (65.4% and 66.4%) with a typical non-legumovirus old world begomovirus, african cassava ...201728243802
bacillus spp. isolated from puba as a source of biosurfactants and antimicrobial lipopeptides.several products of industrial interest are produced by bacillus, including enzymes, antibiotics, amino acids, insecticides, biosurfactants and bacteriocins. this study aimed to investigate the potential of two bacterial isolates (p5 and c3) from puba, a regional fermentation product from cassava, to produce multiple substances with antimicrobial and surface active properties. phylogenetic analyses showed close relation of isolates p5 and c3 with bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus thuringie ...201728197131
waste-to-biofuel: production of biobutanol from sago waste residues.the main concern of extensive production of biobutanol has been associated with the high cost of the substrate and the relatively low tolerance of clostridia to biobutanol production. in this study, the use of fermentable cassava waste residue (cwr) as substrate for biobutanol production was investigated using solvent-tolerant clostridium sp. four of obligatory, solvent-producing bacteria were isolated from sago industry waste sites. the nsw, pnas1, sb5 and sbi4 strains showed identical profiles ...201728091177
studies on the production of alkaline α-amylase from bacillus subtilis cb-18.amylases are among the main enzymes used in food and other industries. they hydrolyse starch molecules into polymers composing glucose units. amylases have potential applications in a number of industrial processes including foods and pharmaceutical industries. alkaline α-amylase has the potential of hydrolysing starch under alkaline ph and is useful in the starch and textile industries and as an ingredient of detergents. amylases are produced from plants, however, microbial production processes ...201728068022
microbial control of the invasive spiraling whitefly on cassava with entomopathogenic fungi.the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, lecanicillium lecanii and isaria fumosorosea were tested for their efficacy in managing the exotic spiraling whitefly aleurodicus dispersus (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) on cassava (manihot esculenta) during 2 seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). the fungi i. fumosorosea and l. lecanii exhibited promising levels of control (> 70% mortality of the a. dispersus population). the percent mortality increased over time in both seasons. ap ...201726691465
analysis of the complete genome sequence of euphorbia ringspot virus, an atypical member of the genus potyvirus.the complete genome sequence of an isolate of euphorbia ringspot virus (eursv) was determined by deep sequencing and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) rt-pcr. it has an rna genome of 10,154 nucleotides in size, excluding the poly(a) tail, and encodes a polyprotein of 3265 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis from this study supports the earlier taxonomic assignment to the genus potyvirus; however, a gene encoding the ham1h protein, inserted between nib and cp of the eursv genome, which was p ...201727686070
absolute quantification of cassava brown streak virus mrna by real-time qpcr.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) is the most important virus disease of cassava and a major food security threat in africa. yearly economic losses of up to $100 million usd have been attributed to cbsd. the lack of information on plant-virus interactions has restricted progress in breeding for cbsd resistance. virus quantification is becoming a major tool for the quick and reliable assessment of plant host resistance. therefore, a protocol for specific absolute quantification of cassava brown ...201728315718
resolution of cassava-infecting alphaflexiviruses: molecular and biological characterization of a novel group of potexviruses lacking the tgb3 gene.several potexviruses (family alphaflexiviridae) have been reported infecting cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) in the americas. they were isolated from severely diseased plants during the last 30-40 years and include: cassava common mosaic virus (cscmv), cassava caribbean mosaic virus (cscamv), cassava colombian symptomless virus (cscsv) and cassava virus x (csvx). however, their definitive classification as distinct species remains unresolved for several reasons, including the lack of sequence ...201728365210
rnai-derived field resistance to cassava brown streak disease persists across the vegetative cropping cycle.a confined field trial was established to determine durability of rnai-mediated resistance to cassava brown streak disease (cbsd). stem cuttings were obtained from field-grown cassava plants of cv 60444 transgenic for construct p718, consisting of an 894 bp inverted repeat sequence from the ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv) coat protein. plants were established from three transgenic lines previously shown to provide complete resistance to ucbsv and differing levels of protection to the ...201724296511
a rapid virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) method for assessing resistance and susceptibility to cassava mosaic disease.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a major constraint to cassava production in sub-saharan africa. under field conditions, evaluation for resistance to cmd takes 12-18 months, often conducted across multiple years and locations under pressure from whitefly-mediated transmission. under greenhouse or laboratory settings, evaluation for resistance or susceptibility to cmd involves transmission of the causal viruses from an infected source to healthy plants through grafting, or by using agrobacterium-m ...201728270156
deinbollia mosaic virus: a novel begomovirus infecting the sapindaceous weed deinbollia borbonica in kenya and tanzania.four isolates of a bipartite begomovirus from naturally infected deinbollia borbonica plants exhibiting yellow mosaic symptoms in kenya and tanzania were molecularly characterised. the dna-a was most closely related to that of tomato leaf curl mayotte virus (am701764; 82%), while the dna-b shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity with that of east african cassava mosaic virus (aj704953) at 65%. based on the current ictv species demarcation criterion for the genus begomovirus (≥91% sequenc ...201728070648
differential response of cassava genotypes to infection by cassava mosaic geminiviruses.mitigation of cassava mosaic disease (cmd) focuses on the introgression of resistance imparted by the polygenic recessive (cmd1), dominant monogenic (cmd2) and cmd3 loci. the mechanism(s) of resistance they impart, however, remain unknown. two cmd susceptible and nine cmd resistant cassava genotypes were inoculated by microparticle bombardment with infectious clones of african cassava mosaic virus cameroon strain (acmv-cm) and the kenyan strain k201 of east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv ke ...201727693919
amylolytic enzymes acquired from l-lactic acid producing enterococcus faecium k-1 and improvement of direct lactic acid production from cassava starch.an amylolytic lactic acid bacterium isolate k-1 was isolated from the wastewater of a cassava starch manufacturing factory and identified as entercoccus faecium based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. an extracellular α-amylase was purified to homogeneity and the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was approximately 112 kda with optimal ph value and temperature measured of 7.0 and 40 °c, respectively. it was stable at a ph range of 6.0-7.0, but was markedly sensitive to high temperatures a ...201728236189
nondairy beverage produced by controlled fermentation with potential probiotic starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeast.this work aimed to develop a nondairy fermented beverage from a blend of cassava and rice based on brazilian indigenous beverage cauim using probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeast. the indigenous strains lactobacillus plantarum ccma 0743 (from cauim) and torulaspora delbrueckii ccma 0235 (from tarubá), and the commercial probiotic, l. acidophilus lac-04, were used as starter cultures in single and co-cultivations. the bacteria populations were around 8.0 log (cfu/ml) at the end of all fe ...201728242421
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of weissella cibaria and lactobacillus plantarum for their protective effect against cadmium and lead toxicities.thirty-two lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolates were obtained from fermenting cassava mash and wara (african soft cheese) and screened for their resistance to cadmium and lead toxicities at 550-1050 mg l(-1) and probiotic potentials. four lab strains that tolerated the heavy metals at 1050 mg l(-1) were selected for antioxidative capacities, tolerance to acid, bile salts and simulated gastric and intestinal tract and safety status. the results revealed that weissella cibaria wd2 and lactobacillus ...201728276067
effects of graded levels of liquid brewer's yeast on chemical composition and fermentation quality in cassava pulp and rice straw-based total mixed ration silage.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of liquid brewer's yeast (lby) addition on chemical composition and fermentation quality of mixture of lby and cassava pulp (cvp) with rice straw (rs) in different ratios during preservation periods. four mixtures of lby, cvp and rs were made, that is mixture ratio of lby : cvp : rs of 0% lby, 20% lby, 35% lby and 50% lby were 0:70:30, 20:50:30, 35:35:30 and 50:20:30 as fresh matter, respectively. the bags were opened at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 after storag ...201727611881
effects of different ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast mixed with cassava pulp on chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation.this study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro ruminal fermentation of various ratios and storage periods of liquid brewer's yeast (lby) mixed with cassava pulp (cvp).201727383807
cellulase with high β-glucosidase activity by penicillium oxalicum under solid state fermentation and its use in hydrolysis of cassava residue.in this study, we investigated cellulase production by penicillium oxalicum eu2106 under solid-state fermentation (ssf) and its hydrolysis efficiency toward naoh-h2o2-pretreated cassava residue (nhcr) produced after bioethanol fermentation. optimization of ssf cultivation conditions for p. oxalicum eu2106 using a box-behnken design-based response-surface methodology resulted in maximal cellulase activity of 34.0 ± 2.8 filter-paper units/g dry substrate, exhibiting a ~ twofold increase relative t ...201728120306
capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of organic acids and amino acids in the presence of strongly alternating concentrations of aqueous lactic acid.during the production of bio-based bulk chemicals, such as lactic acid (la), organic impurities have to be removed to produce a ready-to-market product. a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous detection of la and organic impurities in less than 10 min was developed. la and organic impurities were detected using a direct uv detection method with micellar background electrolyte, which consisted of borate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. we investigated the effects of electrolyte composi ...201728382460
novel process combining anaerobic-aerobic digestion and ion exchange resin for full recycling of cassava stillage in ethanol fermentation.a novel cleaner ethanol production process has been developed. thin stillage is treated initially by anaerobic digestion followed by aerobic digestion and then further treated by chloride anion exchange resin. this allows the fully-digested and resin-treated stillage to be completely recycled for use as process water in the next ethanol fermentation batch, which eliminates wastewater discharges and minimizes consumption of fresh water. the method was evaluated at the laboratory scale. process pa ...201728223080
expression of a mutated spt15 gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances both cell growth and ethanol production in microaerobic batch, fed-batch, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentations.the spt15 gene encodes a saccharomyces cerevisiae tata-binding protein, which is able to globally control the transcription levels of various metabolic and regulatory genes. in this study, a spt15 gene mutant (s42n, s78r, s163p, and i212n) was expressed in s. cerevisiae by4741 (bspt15-m3), of which effects on fermentative yeast properties were evaluated in a series of culture types. by applying different nitrogen sources and air supply conditions in batch culture, organic nitrogen sources and mi ...201728168313
yeast mixture of liquid beer and cassava pulp with rice straw for the growth of dairy heifers.this study was conducted to determine the effects of mixtures of liquid brewer's yeast (lby) and cassava pulp (cvp) with rice straw (rs) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth of dairy heifers. sixteen holstein crossbred heifers (13.8 ± 1.6 months old, 210 ± 23 kg body weight (bw)) were randomly allocated to four feeding treatments with four replications, which were 0:0:100 (rs), 0:70:30 (0%lby), 20:50:30 (20%lby), and 50:20:30 (50%lby), respectively, for lby/cvp/rs on a f ...201728078531
attraction of coffee bean weevil, araecerus fasciculatus, to volatiles from the industrial yeast kluyveromyces lactis.the coffee bean weevil (cbw), araecerus fasciculatus (de geer, 1775) (coleoptera: anthribidae) is an important pest of stored products such as grains, coffee beans, cassava, and traditional chinese medicine materials. in china, cbw causes large losses of daqu, a traditional chinese liquor fermentation starter, and, unfortunately, the use of conventional insecticides against cbw is not suitable in daqu storage. we found cbw to be highly attracted to fermenting yeast cultures, such as kluyveromyce ...201728032269
the role of type iii effectors from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in virulence and suppression of plant immunity.xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) causes cassava bacterial blight, the most important bacterial disease of cassava. xam, like other xanthomonas species, requires type iii effectors (t3es) for maximal virulence. xam strain cio151 possesses 17 predicted t3es belonging to the xanthomonas outer protein (xop) class. this work aimed to characterize nine xop effectors present in xam cio151 for their role in virulence and modulation of plant immunity. our findings demonstrate the importance of ...201728218447
rnai inhibition of feruloyl coa 6'-hydroxylase reduces scopoletin biosynthesis and post-harvest physiological deterioration in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage roots.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a major world crop, whose storage roots provide food for over 800 million throughout the humid tropics. despite many advantages as a crop, the development of cassava is seriously constrained by the rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of its roots that occurs within 24-72 h of harvest, rendering the roots unpalatable and unmarketable. ppd limits cassava's marketing possibilities in countries that are undergoing increased development and urban ...201728315989
the calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) and cdpk-related kinase gene families in hevea brasiliensis-comparison with five other plant species in structure, evolution, and expression.calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks or cpks) play important roles in various physiological processes of plants, including growth and development, stress responses and hormone signaling. although the cdpk gene family has been characterized in several model plants, little is known about this gene family in hevea brasiliensis (the para rubber tree). here, we characterize the entire h. brasiliensis cdpk and cdpk-related kinase (crk) gene families comprising 30 cdpk genes (hbcpk1 to 30) and nine ...201728097084
phylogenetic relationships among whiteflies in the bemisia tabaci (gennadius) species complex from major cassava growing areas in kenya.whiteflies, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) are major insect pests that affect many crops such as cassava, tomato, beans, cotton, cucurbits, potato, sweet potato, and ornamental crops. bemisia tabaci transmits viral diseases, namely cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak diseases, which are the main constraints to cassava production, causing huge losses to many small-scale farmers. the aim of this work was to determine the phylogenetic relationships among bemisia tabaci species in major cassava grow ...201728264479
preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite film based on tapioca starch/bovine gelatin/nanorod zinc oxide.to exploring a nano-packaging materials for using as coating or edible films, tapioca starch/gelatin/nanorod zno (znon) bionanocomposites were prepared via solution casting technique. the effects of nanofiller addition on the mechanical, physicochemical, and crystalline structures, as well as the barrier properties of bionanocomposite films were investigated. x-ray diffraction analysis showed that the bionanocomposite film incorporated with znon at a concentration of 3.5% w/w exhibited high inte ...201728232108
estimation of methane emissions from local and crossbreed beef cattle in dak lak province of vietnam.this study was aimed at evaluating effects of cattle breed resources and alternative mixed-feeding practices on meat productivity and emission intensities from household farming systems in daklak province, vietnam.201728335096
high-throughput microarray mapping of cell wall polymers in roots and tubers during the viscosity-reducing process.viscosity reduction has a great impact on the efficiency of ethanol production when using roots and tubers as feedstock. plant cell wall-degrading enzymes have been successfully applied to overcome the challenges posed by high viscosity. however, the changes in cell wall polymers during the viscosity-reducing process are poorly characterized. comprehensive microarray polymer profiling, which is a high-throughput microarray, was used for the first time to map changes in the cell wall polymers of ...201725757626
studies on zinc and copper ion in relation to wound healing in male and female west african dwarf goats.wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem for which precise and efficient management is essential in order to curtail morbidity and mortality. wound healing has been shown to depend upon the availability of appropriate trace elements like copper and zinc which serve as enzyme cofactors and structural components in tissue repair. this study aims at evaluating the distribution of zinc and copper found in the hair as well as skin during epidermal wound healing. adult and healthy west afr ...201728262855
produce from africa's gardens: potential for leafy vegetable and fruit fermentations.a rich variety of indigenous fruits and vegetables grow in africa, which contribute to the nutrition and health of africa's populations. fruits and vegetables have high moisture and are thus inherently prone to accelerated spoilage. food fermentation still plays a major role in combating food spoilage and foodborne diseases that are prevalent in many of africa's resource disadvantaged regions. lactic acid fermentation is probably the oldest and best-accepted food processing method among the afri ...201627458430
performance, nitrogen balance and microbial efficiency of beef cattle under concentrate supplementation strategies in intensive management of a tropical pasture.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation strategies on the nutritional characteristics of beef cattle in intensive management of tropical pasture. twenty-four nellore steer at 250 kg body weight (bw) were used, divided into two plots, with 12 animals in each plot. the experimental area consisted of 32 paddocks with 0.25 ha of panicum maximum cv. mombaça. the experiment consisted of 96-day experimental periods, with three periods of 32 days. the strate ...201626768894
amazonian delicacy tucupi is as erosive as a cola-based soft drink.acidic diets are advocated as main risk factor for tooth erosion, which could be prevented, or at least controlled, if patients were early advised. it is important to identify, hence, if possible dietary constituents regionally consumed on large scale, such as tucupi, a low-ph yellowish-green color and strong flavor delicacy made from the juice of a bitter cassava, may explain its occurrence in specific patient groups. this cross-over in situ/ex vivo study evaluated tucupi's ability to promote e ...201626547020
crop responses to elevated co2 and interactions with h2o, n, and temperature.about twenty-seven years ago, free-air co2 enrichment (face) technology was developed that enabled the air above open-field plots to be enriched with co2 for entire growing seasons. since then, face experiments have been conducted on cotton, wheat, ryegrass, clover, potato, grape, rice, barley, sugar beet, soybean, cassava, rape, mustard, coffee (c3 crops), and sorghum and maize (c4 crops). elevated co2 (550ppm from an ambient concentration of about 353ppm in 1990) decreased evapotranspiration a ...201627043481
line-1-like retrotransposons contribute to rna-based gene duplication in dicots.rna-based duplicated genes or functional retrocopies (retrogenes) are known to drive phenotypic evolution. retrogenes emerge via retroposition, which is mainly mediated by long interspersed nuclear element 1 (line-1 or l1) retrotransposons in mammals. by contrast, long terminal repeat (ltr) retrotransposons appear to be the major player in plants, although an l1-like mechanism has also been hypothesized to be involved in retroposition. we tested this hypothesis by searching for young retrocopies ...201627098918
proteomics profiling reveals carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and 14-3-3 proteins play important roles for starch accumulation during cassava root tuberization.cassava is one of the most important root crops as a reliable source of food and carbohydrates. carbohydrate metabolism and starch accumulation in cassava storage root is a cascade process that includes large amounts of proteins and cofactors. here, comparative proteomics were conducted in cassava root at nine developmental stages. a total of 154 identified proteins were found to be differentially expressed during starch accumulation and root tuberization. many enzymes involved in starch and suc ...201626791570
supramolecular structure of jackfruit seed starch and its relationship with digestibility and physicochemical properties.the influence of supramolecular structure on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of jackfruit seed starch (jss) were investigated. compared with maize and cassava starches (ms and cs), jss had smaller granules and higher amylose content (jss: 24.90%; cs: 16.68%; and ms: 22.42%), which contributed to higher gelatinization temperature (to: 81.11°c) and setback viscosity (548.9mpas). from scanning electron microscopy, the digestion of jss was observed mainly at the granule surface. due ...201627312638
comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death.melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including plant development and stress responses. many advances have been made in the terms of melatonin-mediated abiotic stress resistance and innate immunity in plants, focusing on model plants such as rice and arabidopsis. in this study, 7 melatonin synthesis genes were systematically analyzed in cassava. quantitat ...201627739451
comparison of gene activation by two tal effectors from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis reveals candidate host susceptibility genes in cassava.xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) employs transcription activator-like (tal) effectors to promote bacterial growth and symptom formation during infection of cassava. tal effectors are secreted via the bacterial type iii secretion system into plant cells, where they are directed to the nucleus, bind dna in plant promoters and activate the expression of downstream genes. the dna-binding activity of tal effectors is carried out by a central domain which contains a series of repeat variable ...201626575863
virtual water and water self-sufficiency in agricultural and livestock products in brazil.virtual water trade is often considered a solution for restricted water availability in many regions of the world. brazil is the world leader in the production and export of various agricultural and livestock products. the country is either a strong net importer or a strong net exporter of these products. the objective of this study is to determine the volume of virtual water contained in agricultural and livestock products imported/exported by brazil from 1997 to 2012, and to define the water s ...201627760721
the trade in african medicinal plants in matonge-ixelles, brussels (belgium).maintaining cultural identity and preference to treat cultural bound ailments with herbal medicine are motivations for migrants to continue using medicinal plants from their home country after moving to europe and the usa. as it is generally easier to import exotic food than herbal medicine, migrants often shift to using species that double as food and medicine. this paper focuses on the trade in african medicinal plants in a congolese neighborhood in brussels (belgium). what african medicinal p ...201628179733
small rna and methylation responses in susceptible and tolerant landraces of cassava infected with south african cassava mosaic virus.endogenous small rnas (srnas) associated with gene regulatory mechanisms respond to virus infection, and virus-derived small rnas (vsrnas) have been implicated in recovery or symptom remission in some geminivirus-host interactions. transcriptional gene silencing (tgs) (24 nt vsrnas) and post transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) (21-23 nt vsrnas) have been associated with geminivirus intergenic (ir) and coding regions, respectively. in this illumina deep sequencing study, we compared for the fir ...201627586073
expression of concern: sequences enhancing cassava mosaic disease symptoms occur in the cassava genome and are associated with south african cassava mosaic virus infection by a. t. maredza, f. allie, g. plata, m. e. c. rey. 201627119656
erratum to: sequences enhancing cassava mosaic disease symptoms occur in the cassava genome and are associated with south african cassava mosaic virus infection. 201627013466
identification of amino acid residues of the coat protein of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus affecting symptom production and viral titer in nicotiana benthamiana.sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) is bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in india and sri lanka. interestingly, the dna-a component of the slcmv alone is able to infect nicotiana benthamiana causing symptoms of upward leaf rolling and stunting. one of the differences between monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses is the requirement of coat protein (cp) for infectivity; cp being essential for the former, but dispensable in the latter. this investigation was aimed to determine the impor ...201626948262
bacteria associated with human saliva are major microbial components of ecuadorian indigenous beers (chicha).indigenous beers (chicha) are part of the indigenous culture in ecuador. the fermentation process of these beers probably relies on microorganisms from fermented substrates, environment and human microbiota. we analyzed the microbiota of artisanal beers (including a type of beer produced after chewing boiled cassava) using bacterial culture and 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene-based tag-encoded flx amplicon pyrosequencing (btefap). surprisingly, we found that streptococcus salivarius and streptococ ...201627168974
effect of acetic acid in recycling water on ethanol production for cassava in an integrated ethanol-methane fermentation process.recently, the integrated ethanol-methane fermentation process has been studied to prevent wastewater pollution. however, when the anaerobic digestion reaction runs poorly, acetic acid will accumulate in the recycling water. in this paper, we studied the effect of low concentration of acetic acid (≤25 mm) on ethanol fermentation at different initial ph values (4.2, 5.2 or 6.2). at an initial ph of 4.2, ethanol yields increased by 3.0% and glycerol yields decreased by 33.6% as the acetic acid conc ...201627858795
assay of antioxidant potential of two filamentous fungi isolated from the indonesian fermented dried cassava.the antioxidant capacity and antioxidant constituents of two filamentous fungi (acremonium charticola and rhizopus oryzae) isolated from the indonesian fermented dried cassava (gathot) were evaluated in the present study. the antioxidant capacity of the fungal crude extracts was assessed based on the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazolin-6-sulfonicacid) (abts) method. total phenolics were determined based on the folin-ciocalteu method, while the flavonoids content in the fungal extracts was deter ...201626848695
rumen microorganisms, methane production, and microbial protein synthesis affected by mangosteen peel powder supplement in lactating dairy cows.four crossbred dairy cows (50 % holstein-friesian × 50 % thai native), 404 ± 50.0 kg of body weight (4 years old) and 90 ± 5 day in milk with daily milk production of 9 ± 2.0 kg/day, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 latin square design to study the effect of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel powder (msp) supplementation on rumen microorganisms, methane production, and microbial protein synthesis fed concentrate containing yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap). the treatme ...201626885988
efficient hydrolysis of raw starch and ethanol fermentation: a novel raw starch-digesting glucoamylase from penicillium oxalicum.starch is a very abundant and renewable carbohydrate and is an important feedstock for industrial applications. the conventional starch liquefaction and saccharification processes are energy-intensive, complicated, and not environmentally friendly. raw starch-digesting glucoamylases are capable of directly hydrolyzing raw starch to glucose at low temperatures, which significantly simplifies processing and reduces the cost of producing starch-based products.201627777618
ethanol production from a biomass mixture of furfural residues with green liquor-peroxide saccarified cassava liquid.as the most abundant renewable resources, lignocellulosic materials are ideal candidates as alternative feedstock for bioethanol production. cassava residues (cr) are byproducts of the cassava starch industry which can be mixed with lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production. the presence of lignin in lignocellulosic substrates can inhibit saccharification by reducing the cellulase activity. simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of furfural residues (fr) pretreated with gree ...201627245838
growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot thai native × lowline angus crossbred steer fed with fermented cassava starch residue.ten thai native × lowline angus crossbred (50:50) steers were used in a completely randomized design to receive two treatments including concentrate containing cassava chips (control) and fermented cassava starch residue (fcsr) as major carbohydrate sources. fcsr was prepared as yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) inoculates with exogenous enzyme addition. all steers received ad libitum rice straw and concentrate in equal proportions (1:1). replacement of cassava chip with fcsr increased neutral de ...201626942915
display of phytase on the cell surface of saccharomyces cerevisiae to degrade phytate phosphorus and improve bioethanol production.currently, development of biofuels as an alternative fuel has gained much attention due to resource and environmental challenges. bioethanol is one of most important and dominant biofuels, and production using corn or cassava as raw materials has become a prominent technology. however, phytate contained in the raw material not only decreases the efficiency of ethanol production, but also leads to an increase in the discharge of phosphorus, thus impacting on the environment. in this study, to dec ...201626610799
production of raw starch-degrading enzyme by aspergillus sp. and its use in conversion of inedible wild cassava flour to bioethanol.the major bottlenecks in achieving competitive bioethanol fuel are the high cost of feedstock, energy and enzymes employed in pretreatment prior to fermentation. lignocellulosic biomass has been proposed as an alternative feedstock, but because of its complexity, economic viability is yet to be realized. therefore, research around non-conventional feedstocks and deployment of bioconversion approaches that downsize the cost of energy and enzymes is justified. in this study, a non-conventional fee ...201626481161
selecting native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote cassava growth and increase yield under field conditions.the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) inoculation in sustainable agriculture is now widespread worldwide. although the use of inoculants consisting of native amf is highly recommended as an alternative to commercial ones, there is no strategy to allow the selection of efficient fungal species from natural communities. the objective of this study was (i) to select efficient native amf species (ii) evaluate their impact on nematode and water stresses, and (iii) evaluate their impact on ca ...201628066381
enhanced butanol production from cassava with clostridium acetobutylicum by genome shuffling.to obtain strains exhibiting high levels of solvent tolerance and butanol production, wild type strains of clostridium acetobutylicum butanol-producing strain gx01 and lactobacillus mucosae butanol-tolerant strain m26 were subjected to mutagenesis combining n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine induction with genome shuffling. after four successive rounds of genome shuffling, the c. acetobutylicum shuffled strain gs4-3 showing greater levels of fermentation performances (such as secreting a higher ...201626925615
molecular cloning, subcellular localization and characterization of two adenylate kinases from cassava, manihot esculenta crantz cv. ku50.adenylate kinase (adk) is a phosphotransferase that plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis. many isozymes located in different subcellular compartments have been reported. in this study, we focus on the characterization of cassava (manihot esculenta) adks. we found 15 adks that are publicly available in the african cassava genome database. we cloned two adks, namely meadk1 and meadk2, which are phylogenetically grouped together with the plastidial adk in potato. both meadk1 and m ...201627518222
properties of cassava starch modified by amylomaltase from corynebacterium glutamicum.amylomaltase (α-1,4-glucanotransferase, am; ec 2.4.1.25) from corynebacterium glutamicum expressed in escherichia coli was used to prepare the enzyme-modified cassava starch for food application. about 5% to 15% (w/v) of cassava starch slurries were incubated with 1, 3, or 5 units of amylomaltase/g starch. apparent amylose, amylopectin chain length distribution, thermal properties, freeze-thaw stability, thermo-reversibility, and gel strength of the obtained modified starches were measured. the ...201627105125
production of freeze-dried yeast culture for the brewing of traditional sorghum beer, tchapalo.freeze-drying is a well-known dehydration method widely used to preserve microorganisms. in order to produce freeze-dried yeast starter culture for the brewing purpose of african sorghum beer, we tested protective agents (sucrose, glucose, glycerol) in combination with support materials (millet, maize, sorghum, and cassava flours) at 1:1 ratio (v/v). the yeast strains saccharomyces cerevisiae f 12-7 and candida tropicalis c 0-7 previously isolated from sorghum beer were used in a mixed culture a ...201626788308
emergence of a latent indian cassava mosaic virus from cassava which recovered from infection by a non-persistent sri lankan cassava mosaic virus.the major threat for cassava cultivation on the indian subcontinent is cassava mosaic disease (cmd) caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses which are bipartite begomoviruses with dna a and dna b components. indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) cause cmd in india. two isolates of slcmv infected the cassava cultivar sengutchi in the fields near malappuram and thiruvananthapuram cities of kerala state, india. the malappuram isolate was persistent when mainta ...201627690084
loss of cmd2-mediated resistance to cassava mosaic disease in plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) and cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) are the two most important viral diseases affecting cassava production in africa. three sources of resistance are employed to combat cmd: polygenic recessive resistance, termed cmd1, the dominant monogenic type, named cmd2, and the recently characterized cmd3. the farmer-preferred cultivar tme 204 carries inherent resistance to cmd mediated by cmd2, but is highly susceptible to cbsd. selected plants of tme 204 produced for rna ...201626662210
quantification of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus (eacmv-ug) in single and mixed infected cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) using quantitative pcr.the quantity of genomic dna-a and dna-b of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and east african cassava mosaic virus uganda (uganda variant, eacmv-ug) was analysed using quantitative pcr to assess virus concentrations in plants from susceptible and tolerant cultivars. the concentrations of genome components in absolute and relative quantification experiments in single and mixed viral infections were determined. virus concentration was much higher in symptomatic leaf tissues compared to non-sympt ...201626456453
sequences enhancing cassava mosaic disease symptoms occur in the cassava genome and are associated with south african cassava mosaic virus infection.cassava is an important food security crop in sub-saharan africa. two episomal begomovirus-associated sequences, named sequences enhancing geminivirus symptoms (segs1 and segs2), were identified in field cassava affected by the devastating cassava mosaic disease (cmd). the sequences reportedly exacerbated cmd symptoms in the tolerant cassava landrace tme3, and the model plants arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana, when biolistically co-inoculated with african cassava mosaic virus-camer ...201625920485
effect of cassava pulp supplement on 1,3-propanediol production by clostridium butyricum.to improve its 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd) production, clostridium butyricum was cultivated on glycerol medium supplemented with cassava pulp (cp). at small concentrations, the cp improved the 1,3-pd productivity of c. butyricum from (0.25±0.01)g/l/h (glycerol alone) to (0.43±0.02)g/l/h (glycerol+2g/l cp) after 24h fermentation.201627184427
cassava (manihot esculenta) transcriptome analysis in response to infection by the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides using an oligonucleotide-dna microarray.cassava anthracnose disease (cad), caused by the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. manihotis, is a serious disease of cassava (manihot esculenta) worldwide. in this study, we established a cassava oligonucleotide-dna microarray representing 59,079 probes corresponding to approximately 30,000 genes based on original expressed sequence tags and rna-seq information from cassava, and applied it to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resistance to fungal infection using two cassava cul ...201627138000
divergent evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of cassava mosaic geminiviruses in madagascar.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) in madagascar is caused by a complex of at least six african cassava mosaic geminivirus (cmg) species. this provides a rare opportunity for a comparative study of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of distinct pathogenic crop-infecting viral species that coexist within the same environment. the genetic and spatial structure of cmg populations in madagascar was studied and bayesian phylogeographic modelling was applied to infer the origins of madagascan cmg ...201627600545
a virus-derived stacked rnai construct confers robust resistance to cassava brown streak disease.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) threatens food and economic security for smallholder farmers throughout east and central africa, and poses a threat to cassava production in west africa. cbsd is caused by two whitefly-transmitted virus species: cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv) (genus: ipomovirus, family potyviridae). although varying levels of tolerance have been achieved through conventional breeding, to date, effective resistance to cbsd withi ...201628149300
field level rnai-mediated resistance to cassava brown streak disease across multiple cropping cycles and diverse east african agro-ecological locations.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) presents a serious threat to cassava production in east and central africa. currently, no cultivars with high levels of resistance to cbsd are available to farmers. transgenic rnai technology was employed to combat cbsd by fusing coat protein (cp) sequences from ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv) and cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) to create an inverted repeat construct (p5001) driven by the constitutive cassava vein mosaic virus promoter. twenty-fiv ...201628127301
cassava brown streak virus has a rapidly evolving genome: implications for virus speciation, variability, diagnosis and host resistance.cassava is a major staple food for about 800 million people in the tropics and sub-tropical regions of the world. production of cassava is significantly hampered by cassava brown streak disease (cbsd), caused by cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). the disease is suppressing cassava yields in eastern africa at an alarming rate. previous studies have documented that cbsv is more devastating than ucbsv because it more readily infects both susceptible an ...201627808114
characterization of a new cucurbit-infecting ipomovirus from sudan.two members of the genus ipomovirus (family potyviridae) are known to infect cucurbits: cucumber vein yellowing virus (cvyv), which is emerging throughout the mediterranean basin, and squash vein yellowing virus (sqvyv), which has been described in america and the caribbean basin, and more recently in israel. in this work, an ipomovirus different from cvyv and sqvyv, tentatively named coccinia mottle virus (cocmov), was detected in a sample of the cucurbit coccinia grandis collected in central s ...201627430562
characterization of brown streak virus-resistant cassava.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) has become a major constraint to cassava production in east and central africa. the identification of new sources of cbsd resistance is essential to deploy cbsd mitigation strategies, as the disease is progressing westwards to new geographical areas. a stringent infection method based on top cleft-grafting combined with precise virus titer quantitation was utilized to screen 14 cassava cultivars and elite breeding lines. when inoculated with mixed infections o ...201627070326
artificial microrna-derived resistance to cassava brown streak disease.artificial mirnas (amirna) were generated targeting conserved sequences within the genomes of the two causal agents of cassava brown streak disease (cbsd): cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). transient expression studies on ten amirnas targeting 21nt conserved sequences of p1(cbsv and ucbsv), p3(cbsv and ucbsv), ci(ucbsv), nib(cbsv and ucbsv), cp(ucbsv) and the un-translated region (3'-utr) were tested in nicotiana benthamiana. four out of the ten am ...201626912232
comparative analysis of virus-derived small rnas within cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) infected with cassava brown streak viruses.infection of plant cells by viral pathogens triggers rna silencing, an innate antiviral defense mechanism. in response to infection, small rnas (srnas) are produced that associate with argonaute (ago)-containing silencing complexes which act to inactivate viral genomes by posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs). deep sequencing was used to compare virus-derived small rnas (vsrnas) in cassava genotypes nase 3, tme 204 and 60444 infected with the positive sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) virus ...201626811902
high-throughput multiplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous quantification of dna and rna viruses infecting cassava plants.to develop a multiplex taqman-based real-time pcr assay (qpcr) for the simultaneous detection and quantification of both rna and dna viruses affecting cassava (manihot esculenta) in eastern africa.201626743662
beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae endophytically colonize cassava roots following soil drench inoculation.we investigated the fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to determine if endophytic colonization could be achieved in cassava. an inoculation method based on drenching the soil around cassava stem cuttings using conidial suspensions resulted in endophytic colonization of cassava roots by both entomopathogens, though neither was found in the leaves or stems of the treated cassava plants. both fungal entomopathogens were detected more often in the proximal end of th ...201627103778
edible films based on cassava starch and fructooligosaccharides produced by bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712.the objectives of this work were to produce fructooligosaccharides (foss) by using the microorganism bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712 and to employ these foss as a functional ingredient in cassava starch edible films, which were characterized according to their microstructure, mechanical and barrier properties. the produced foss could be easily dissolved, resulting in homogeneous filmogenic solutions, which were easily manipulated to obtain films by casting. foss were added in different concentr ...201627474664
translation, modification and cellular distribution of two ac4 variants of african cassava mosaic virus in yeast and their pathogenic potential in plants.plant infecting geminiviruses encode a small (a)c4 protein within the open reading frame of the replication-initiator protein. in african cassava mosaic virus, two in-frame start codons may be used for the translation of a longer and a shorter ac4 variant. both were fused to green fluorescent protein or glutathione-s-transferase genes and expressed in fission yeast. the longer variant accumulated in discrete spots in the cytoplasm, whereas the shorter variant localized to the plasma membrane. a ...201627584591
deciphering the biology of deltasatellites from the new world: maintenance by new world begomoviruses and whitefly transmission.deltasatellites are small noncoding dna satellites associated with begomoviruses. the study presented here has investigated the biology of two deltasatellites found in wild malvaceous plants in the new world (nw). infectious clones of two nw deltasatellites (from malvastrum coromandelianum and sidastrum micranthum) and associated begomoviruses were constructed. infectivity in nicotiana benthamiana and their natural malvaceous hosts was assessed. the nw deltasatellites were not able to spread aut ...201627400152
properties of african cassava mosaic virus capsid protein expressed in fission yeast.the capsid proteins (cps) of geminiviruses combine multiple functions for packaging the single-stranded viral genome, insect transmission and shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) cp was expressed in fission yeast, and purified by sds gel electrophoresis. after tryptic digestion of this protein, mass spectrometry covered 85% of the amino acid sequence and detected three n-terminal phosphorylation sites (threonine 12, serines 25 and 62). differential ...201627399762
two novel dnas that enhance symptoms and overcome cmd2 resistance to cassava mosaic disease.cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs) cause cassava mosaic disease (cmd) across africa and the indian subcontinent. like all members of the geminivirus family, cmbs have small, circular single-stranded dna genomes. we report here the discovery of two novel dna sequences, designated segs-1 and segs-2 (forsequencesenhancinggeminivirussymptoms), that enhance symptoms and break resistance to cmd. the segs are characterized by gc-rich regions and the absence of long open reading frames. both segs enhan ...201626865712
mapping and identification of cassava mosaic geminivirus dna-a and dna-b genome sequences for efficient sirna expression and rnai based virus resistance by transient agro-infiltration studies.geminiviruses are among the most serious pathogens of many economically important crop plants and rna interference (rnai) is an important strategy for their control. although any fragment of a viral genome can be used to generate a double stranded (ds) rna trigger, the precursor for generation of sirnas, the exact sequence and size requirements for efficient gene silencing and virus resistance have so far not been investigated. previous efforts to control geminiviruses by gene silencing mostly t ...201626581664
application of edible coating with starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin.the present study evaluated the effect of an edible coating of cassava starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin (mpp). the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of carvacrol against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, aeromonas hydrophila, and staphylococcus aureus was determined. the edible coating that contained carvacrol at the mic and 2 × mic was applied to mpp, and effects were evaluated with regard to the survival of experimentally inoculated bacteria an ...201627413224
letter: manioc unsuitable for turkeys. 20164770601
the comparatively proteomic analysis in response to cold stress in cassava plantlets.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a tropical root crop and sensitive to low temperature. however, it is poorly to know how cassava can modify its metabolism and growth to adapt to cold stress. an investigation aimed at a better understanding of cold-tolerant mechanism of cassava plantlets was carried out with the approaches of physiology and proteomics in the present study. the principal component analysis of seven physiological characteristics showed that electrolyte leakage (el), chlorophy ...201627881899
quantitative, image-based phenotyping methods provide insight into spatial and temporal dimensions of plant disease.plant disease symptoms exhibit complex spatial and temporal patterns that are challenging to quantify. image-based phenotyping approaches enable multidimensional characterization of host-microbe interactions and are well suited to capture spatial and temporal data that are key to understanding disease progression. we applied image-based methods to investigate cassava bacterial blight, which is caused by the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). we generated xam strains in which in ...201627443602
the potential of using biotechnology to improve cassava: a review.the importance of cassava as the fourth largest source of calories in the world requires that contributions of biotechnology to improving this crop, advances and current challenges, be periodically reviewed. plant biotechnology offers a wide range of opportunities that can help cassava become a better crop for a constantly changing world. we therefore review the state of knowledge on the current use of biotechnology applied to cassava cultivars and its implications for breeding the crop into the ...201627818605
the protective effect of two commercial formats of ginkgo biloba on motor alterations induced by cassava juice (manihot esculenta crantz) in wistar rats.this study evaluated the protective effects of 2 commercial formats of ginkgo biloba on motor alterations induced by cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) juice consumption in male wistar rats.201627130308
control of linepithema micans (hymenoptera: formicidae) and eurhizococcus brasiliensis (hemiptera: margarodidae) in vineyards using toxic baits.linepithema micans (forel) (hymenoptera: formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for dispersal of eurhizococcus brasiliensis (wille) (hemiptera: margarodidae), a root scale that damages grapevines in southern brazil. the effects of different formulations of toxic baits based on boric acid and hydramethylnon to control l. micans and e. brasiliensis were evaluated. toxic baits with boric acid (1.0%) mixed in different concentrations of inverted sugar (20%, 30%, and 40%), and hydramethylnon ...201627329621
current knowledge and future research perspectives on cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) chemical defenses: an agroecological view.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. it constitutes the major source of carbohydrates for millions of low-income people living in rural areas, as well as a cash crop for smallholders in tropical and sub-tropical regions. the food and agriculture organization of the united nations predicts that cassava plantations will increase and production systems will intensify in the future, highlighting the need for developing strategies that improve the su ...201627316676
production of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase by immobilized bacillus sp. on chitosan matrix.the whole-cell immobilization on chitosan matrix was evaluated. bacillus sp., as producer of cgtase, was grown in solid-state and batch cultivation using three types of starches (cassava, potato and cornstarch). biomass growth and substrate consumption were assessed by flow cytometry and modified phenol-sulfuric acid assays, respectively. qualitative analysis of cgtase production was determined by colorless area formation on solid culture containing phenolphthalein. scanning electron microscopy ...201627194141
water desorption of cassava starch granules: a study based on thermogravimetric analysis of aqueous suspensions and humid powders.this work reports on water desorption from cassava starch in relation with the structure and conditioning of granules in suspensions or after equilibration in desiccators. the experimental work is performed by thermogravimetric analysis with isothermal and non-isothermal protocols and interpreted to derive the activation energies and desorption frequencies according to the humidity range with no adjustable parameter. the analysis points out the different types of water interacting with the starc ...201627178961
tooth wear patterns in black rats (rattus rattus) of madagascar differ more in relation to human impact than to differences in natural habitats.dietary characteristics and environmental variables are important selective factors directing ecological diversification in rodents. on madagascar, the introductions and spread of the commensal black rat (rattus rattus) can be seen as example cases to study dietary niche occupation and dietary adaptation in an insular environment. we investigate how tooth wear as a measure of dietary adaptation of black rats differs between four distinct habitats (village, manioc fields, spiny forest, and rainfo ...201627069577
optimization of the marinating conditions of cassava fish (pseudotolithus sp.) fillet for lanhouin production through application of doehlert experimental design.lanhouin is a traditional fermented salted fish made from the spontaneous and uncontrolled fermentation of whole salted cassava fish (pseudotolithus senegalensis) mainly produced in the coastal regions of west africa. the combined effects of nacl, citric acid concentration, and marination time on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the fish fillet used for lanhouin production were studied using a doehlert experimental design with the objective of preserving its quality and ...201627004115
the importance of animal source foods for nutrient sufficiency in the developing world: the zambia scenario.there have been successful interventions fortifying staple foods to mobilize micronutrients as well as agricultural efforts to raise yields of staple foods to increase food availability. zambia serves as an interesting case study because since 1961 there has been a notable decline in the availability of animal source foods (asfs) and pulses and a significant increase in the supply of cassava and vegetable oils. the shift in food availability was partly attributed to the agricultural success in h ...201627150300
enhancement of yellow pigment production by intraspecific protoplast fusion of monascus spp. yellow mutant (ade(-)) and white mutant (prototroph).to breed industrially useful strains of a slow-growing, yellow pigment producing strain of monascus sp., protoplasts of monascus purpureus yellow mutant (ade(-)) and rapid-growing m. purpureus white mutant (prototroph) were fused and fusants were selected on minimal medium (mm). preliminary conventional protoplast fusion of the two strains was performed and the result showed that only white colonies were detected on mm. it was not able to differentiate the fusants from the white parental prototr ...201626562446
optimisation of a cheap and residential small-scale production of edible crickets with local by-products as an alternative protein-rich human food source in ratanakiri province, cambodia.the health status of the indigenous people of ratanakiri province, cambodia, is significantly lower compared with that of the rest of the nation. the domestication and mass production of insects may represent a sustainable, cost effective and high quality alternative source of protein to traditional livestock. this study aimed to optimise a cheap and residential cricket breeding system based on unused wild resources. the development of crickets, teleogryllus testaceus (walker), under seven diets ...201625683556
optimization of large-ring cyclodextrin production from starch by amylomaltase from corynebacterium glutamicum and effect of organic solvent on product size.to increase yield of starch conversion to large-ring cyclodextrins (lr-cds) by amylomaltase from corynebacterium glutamicum (cgam).201626849173
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