Publications

oligosaccharides composition in eight food legumes species as detected by high-resolution mass spectrometry.	as probiotics, soy oligosaccharides have become popular as healthy foods to reduce disease risk. however, comprehensive information about oligosaccharides in different food legumes is limited.	2015	25270891
hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7s globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans.	the role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7s globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. the aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7s globulins from cowpeas (7s-c) and adzuki beans (7s-a), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (hc; high cholesterol and tag) diet for 28 d. a total of forty-five rats w ...	2015	26090103
cowpea protein reduces ldl-cholesterol and apolipoprotein b concentrations, but does not improve biomarkers of inflammation or endothelial dysfunction in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.	the risks of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death in the world, can be reduced by diet. cowpea protein has been shown to significantly reduce total cholesterol, ldl-cholesterol, and liver steatosis in hamsters.	2015	25795948
arachidicoccus rhizosphaerae gen. nov., sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting bacterium in the family chitinophagaceae isolated from rhizosphere soil.	three novel bacterial strains, designated vu-144(t), vu-7 and vu-35, were isolated on minimal medium from rhizosphere soil of field-grown cowpea and subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. cells of the strains were gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, coccoid rods, and formed non-pigmented colonies. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain vu-144(t) was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage of the phylum bacteroidetes. its c ...	2015	25404481
peptides from cowpea present antioxidant activity, inhibit cholesterol synthesis and its solubilisation into micelles.	in previous studies, it was reported that the protein isolated from the cowpea interferes favourably in lipid metabolism, and reduces cholesterol synthesis. the present study investigated the role of cowpea peptide fractions in the micellar solubilisation of cholesterol, in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgcr) activity, and in the in vitro antioxidant capacity, considering the effects of thermal processing. the protein was isolated from the raw and cooked beans and digeste ...	2015	25172712
bradyrhizobium manausense sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of vigna unguiculata grown in brazilian amazonian rainforest soils.	root nodule bacteria were trapped within cowpea (vigna unguiculata) in soils with different cultivation histories collected from the amazonian rainforest in northern brazil. analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequences of six strains (br 3351(t), br 3307, br 3310, br 3315, br 3323 br and br 3361) isolated from cowpea nodules showed that they formed a distinct group within the genus bradyrhizobium, which was separate from previously identified type strains. phylogenetic analyses of three housekeeping ...	2014	24744018
variant vicilins from a resistant vigna unguiculata lineage (it81d-1053) accumulate inside callosobruchus maculatus larval midgut epithelium.	it has been demonstrated that variant vicilins are the main resistance factor of cowpea seeds (vigna unguiculata) against attack by the cowpea beetle callosobruchus maculatus. there is evidence that the toxic properties of these storage proteins may be related to their interaction with glycoproteins and other microvillar membrane constituents along the digestive tract of the larvae. new findings have shown that following interaction with the microvilli, the vicilins are absorbed across the intes ...	2014	24220155
microvirga vignae sp. nov., a root nodule symbiotic bacterium isolated from cowpea grown in semi-arid brazil.	16s rrna gene sequence analysis of eight strains (br 3299(t), br 3296, br 10192, br 10193, br 10194, br 10195, br 10196 and br 10197) isolated from nodules of cowpea collected from a semi-arid region of brazil showed 97 % similarity to sequences of recently described rhizobial species of the genus microvirga. phylogenetic analyses of four housekeeping genes (gyrb, reca, dnak and rpob), dna-dna relatedness and aflp further indicated that these strains belong to a novel species within the genus mi ...	2014	24179178
production of destruxins from metarhizium spp. fungi in artificial medium and in endophytically colonized cowpea plants.	destruxins (dtxs) are cyclic depsipeptides produced by many metarhizium isolates that have long been assumed to contribute to virulence of these entomopathogenic fungi. we evaluated the virulence of 20 metarhizium isolates against insect larvae and measured the concentration of dtxs a, b, and e produced by these same isolates in submerged (shaken) cultures. eight of the isolates (arsef 324, 724, 760, 1448, 1882, 1883, 3479, and 3918) did not produce dtxs a, b, or e during the five days of submer ...	2014	25127450
the toxicity of a lipid transfer protein (cc-ltp1) from coffea canephora seeds on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae).	in this work, we analyzed the effects of coffee seed proteins, especially cc-ltp1 on the larval development of callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), a bruchid pest of beans and the most important insect pest of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. artificial seed assay, which incorporated the f/0-90 fraction from coffea canephora seeds, resulted in the reduction of oviposition and caused an inhibition of c. maculatus larval development in a dose-dependent manner. the f/0-90 fraction use ...	2014	25097041
bowman-birk protease inhibitor from vigna unguiculata seeds enhances the action of bradykinin-related peptides.	the hydrolysis of bradykinin (bk) by different classes of proteases in plasma and tissues leads to a decrease in its half-life. here, bk actions on smooth muscle and in vivo cardiovascular assays in association with a protease inhibitor, black eyed-pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor (btci) and also under the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin were evaluated. two synthetic bk-related peptides, bk1 and bk2, were used to investigate the importance of additional c-terminal amino acid residues on ...	2014	25361421
influence of host origin on host choice of the parasitoid dinarmus basalis: does upbringing influence choices later in life?	the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of volatile compounds from four secondary host plants on the ability of dinarmus basalis rond. (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to locate, recognize, and parasitize its host, 4(th)instar larvae or pupae of callosobruchus maculatus f. (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). to examine this, strains of d. basalis were transferred from cow-pea seeds (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)) to pigeon pea (cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.) and two varieties ...	2014	25373173
identification of top-down forces regulating cotton aphid population growth in transgenic bt cotton in central china.	the cotton aphid aphis gossypii glover is the main aphid pest in cotton fields in the yangtze river valley cotton-planting zone (yrz) in central china. various natural enemies may attack the cotton aphid in bt cotton fields but no studies have identified potential specific top-down forces that could help manage this pest in the yrz in china. in order to identify possibilities for managing the cotton aphid, we monitored cotton aphid population dynamics and identified the effect of natural enemies ...	2014	25170907
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in moderate resistant and susceptible vicia faba induced by aphis craccivora (hemiptera: aphididae) infestation.	two faba bean, vicia faba l., cultivars, gazira2 and misr1, representing cultivars moderately resistant and susceptible to aphids, were analyzed for peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activities induced by cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. infestation. two tissue types (whole plant [wp] and detached leaf [dl]), two infestation status (infested and uninfested), and three aphid infestation durations (1, 3, and 5 d) were considered in pod and ppo data analysis. factorial analysis show ...	2014	25480978
biology and demographic growth parameters of cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) on faba bean (vicia faba) cultivars.	the performance of cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch. (hemiptera: aphididae), on five faba bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae) cultivars was evaluated. colony development, biology, and demographic parameters were studied to measure the cowpea aphid performance. two methods, whole plant and detached leaf, were used in these experiments. after 14 d , the number of apterous adult, nymphs, and total cowpea aphids were significantly lower in cultivar gazira2 and highest on cultivar misr1. assum ...	2014	25368064
seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoids: synthesis, crystal structure, insecticidal assay, and molecular docking studies.	to study the influence of the ring sizes, 37 novel seven-membered azabridged neonicotinoid analogues were synthesized by reactions of nitromethylene analogues, succinaldehyde, and aniline hydrochlorides. most of the title compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than that of imidacloprid (imi), cycloxaprid (cyc), and eight-membered compounds against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora), armyworm (pseudaletia separata walker), and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens), which indicated that ...	2014	25347284
pyridine derivatives as insecticides. part 1: synthesis and toxicity of some pyridine derivatives against cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora koch (homoptera: aphididae).	five pyridine derivatives, namely, n-morpholinium 7,7-dimethyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-nitrophenyl)-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2-thiolate (1), sodium 5-acetyl-3-amino-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylthieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxylate (2), piperidinium 3,5-dicyano-2-oxo-4-spirocyclopentane-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine-6-thiolate (3), piperidinium 5-acetyl-3-cyano-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-6-methylpyridine-2-thiolate (4), and piperidinium 5-acetyl-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-pyridine-2-thiolate ( ...	2014	25226271
do aphid carcasses on the backs of larvae of green lacewing work as chemical mimicry against aphid-tending ants?	ants attack and exclude natural enemies of aphids in ant-aphid mutualisms. however, larvae of the green lacewing, mallada desjardinsi, prey on the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, without exclusion by aphid-tending ants. lacewing larvae are protected from ants by carrying aphid carcasses on their backs. here, we tested whether cuticular hydrocarbons (chcs) of aphid carcasses affected the aggressiveness of aphid-tending ants. aphid carcasses were washed with n-hexane to remove lipids. lacewing lar ...	2014	24894158
wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control.	glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ...	2014	24813988
design, synthesis, crystal structures, and insecticidal activities of eight-membered azabridge neonicotinoid analogues.	three series of novel azabridge neonicotinoid analogues were designed and synthesized, which were constructed by starting material a, glutaraldehyde, and primary amine hydrochlorides (aliphatic amines, phenylhydrazines, and anilines). most of the eight-membered azabridge compounds presented higher insecticidal activities than oxabridged compound b against cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora) and brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). compared with imidacloprid, some azabridged compounds exhibited ex ...	2014	24364696
tombusvirus-based vector systems to permit over-expression of genes or that serve as sensors of antiviral rna silencing in plants.	a next generation tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) coat protein gene replacement vector system is described that can be applied by either rna inoculation or through agroinfiltration. a vector expressing gfp rapidly yields high levels of transient gene expression in inoculated leaves of various plant species, as illustrated for nicotiana benthamiana, cowpea, tomato, pepper, and lettuce. a start-codon mutation to down-regulate the dose of the p19 silencing suppressor reduces gfp accumulation, where ...	2014	24606693
the colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops.	colletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. several colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to c. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. the inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxon ...	2014	25492986
worldwide populations of the aphid aphis craccivora are infected with diverse facultative bacterial symbionts.	facultative bacterial endosymbionts can play an important role in the evolutionary trajectory of their hosts. aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) are infected with a wide variety of facultative endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits, which in turn may drive microevolutionary processes in a dynamic selective environment. however, relatively little is known about how symbiont diversity is structured in most aphid species. here, we investigate facultative symbiont species richness and ...	2014	24233285
defense response in non-genomic model species: methyl jasmonate exposure reveals the passion fruit leaves' ability to assemble a cocktail of functionally diversified kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors and recruit two of them against papain.	multiplicity of protease inhibitors induced by predators may increase the understanding of a plant's intelligent behavior toward environmental challenges. information about defense mechanisms of non-genomic model plant passion fruit (passiflora edulis sims) in response to predator attack is still limited. here, via biochemical approaches, we showed its flexibility to build-up a broad repertoire of potent kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (ktis) in response to methyl jasmonate. seven inhibitors (20- ...	2014	24849173
organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables from farms, markets, and a supermarket around kwan phayao lake of northern thailand.	this study investigated organophosphorus (op) residues in vegetables from 27 farms, 106 markets, and 1 supermarket around kwan phayao lake, northern thailand, between august and september 2013. types of vegetables sampled were all vegetables cultivated or sold around the study site. the most common op pesticides detected in farm samples were chlorpyrifos (50 %), malathion (31.8 %), monocrotophos (31.8 %), diazinon (13.6 %), omethoate (13.6 %), and dicrotophos (9.1 %). the most common op pesticid ...	2014	24609615
control of cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera: bruchidae), using natural plant products.	a laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of natural products on the reproduction and damage of callosobruchus maculatus, the cowpea weevil, on cowpea seeds at botswana college of agriculture in gaborone, botswana. the cowpea variety blackeye was used in the study. fifty grams of each plant product (garlic, peppermint and chilies) was added to 500 g of the cowpea seeds. findings of this experiment revealed that chilies and garlic had negative effects on cowpea weevils for all p ...	2014	26463066
the use of tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus for the production of novel metal nanomaterials.	due to the nanoscale size and the strictly controlled and consistent morphologies of viruses, there has been a recent interest in utilizing them in nanotechnology. the structure, surface chemistries and physical properties of many viruses have been well elucidated, which have allowed identification of regions of their capsids which can be modified either chemically or genetically for nanotechnological uses. in this review we focus on the use of such modifications for the functionalization and pr ...	2014	24418546
the cowpea ring ubiquitin ligase vudrip interacts with transcription factor vudreb2a for regulating abiotic stress responses.	cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important grain legume cultivated in drought-prone parts of the world, having higher tolerance to heat and drought than many other crops. the transcription factor, dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2a (dreb2a), controls expression of many genes involved in osmotic and heat stress responses of plants. in arabidopsis, dreb2a-interacting proteins (drips), which function as e3 ubiquitin ligases (ec 6.3.2.19), regulate the stability of dreb2a by t ...	2014	25090086
a nopa deletion mutant of sinorhizobium fredii usda257, a soybean symbiont, is impaired in nodulation.	sinorhizobium fredii usda257 employs type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effector proteins into the host cells through pili. the nopa protein is the major component of usda257 pili. the promoter region of usda257 nopa possesses a well conserved tts box. serial deletion analysis revealed that the tts box is absolutely essential for flavonoid induction of nopa. deletion of nopa drastically lowered the number of nodules formed by usda257 on cowpea and soybean cultivar peking. in contrast to ...	2014	24121614
molecular characterization of distinct ymv (yellow mosaic virus) isolates affecting pulses in india with the aid of coat protein gene as a marker for identification.	the present study was carried out to find out the variations present in different isolates of yellow mosaic virus (ymv) causing yellow mosaic disease of pulses in southern parts of india. the coat protein gene of ymv was amplified using gene specific and deng universal primers with dna isolated from ymv infected samples. further, cloning and dna sequencing of cp gene was carried out. cp gene decrypt sequences revealed that ymv infected samples of black gram, cowpea and green gram were similar to ...	2014	24469717
genetic mapping, synteny, and physical location of two loci for fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum race 4 resistance in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp].	fusarium wilt is a vascular disease caused by the fungus fusariumoxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (fot) in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp]. in this study, we mapped loci conferring resistance to fot race 4 in three cowpea ril populations: it93k-503-1 × cb46, cb27 × 24-125b-1, and cb27 × it82e-18/big buff. two independent loci which confer resistance to fot race 4 were identified, fot4-1 and fot4-2. fot4-1 was identified in the it93k-503-1 (resistant) × cb46 (susceptible) population and was posi ...	2014	24659904
virulence and genotypic characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples.	listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen is ubiquitous to different environments including the agroecosystem. the organism poses serious public health problem. therefore, an attempt has been made to gain further insight to their antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes and the virulence genes.	2014	25195727
enhanced synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, defense proteins and leghemoglobin in rhizobium-free cowpea roots after challenging with meloydogine incognita.	the root knot nematodes (rkn), meloydogine spp., particularly meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne javanica species, parasitize several plant species and are responsible for large annual yield losses all over the world. only a few available chemical nematicides are still authorized for rkn control owing to environmental and health reasons. thus, plant resistance is currently considered the method of choice for controlling rkn, and research performed on the molecular interactions between plants ...	2014	28250394
rna viral metagenome of whiteflies leads to the discovery and characterization of a whitefly-transmitted carlavirus in north america.	whiteflies from the bemisia tabaci species complex have the ability to transmit a large number of plant viruses and are some of the most detrimental pests in agriculture. although whiteflies are known to transmit both dna and rna viruses, most of the diversity has been recorded for the former, specifically for the begomovirus genus. this study investigated the total diversity of dna and rna viruses found in whiteflies collected from a single site in florida to evaluate if there are additional, p ...	2014	24466220
molecular variability of cowpea mild mottle virus infecting soybean in brazil.	molecular variability was assessed for 18 isolates of cowpea mild mottle virus (cpmmv, genus carlavirus, family betaflexiviridae) found infecting soybean in various brazilian states (bahia, goiás, maranhão, mato grosso, minas gerais, pará) in 2001 and 2010. a variety of symptoms was expressed in soybean cv. cd206, ranging from mild (crinkle/blistering leaves, mosaic and vein clearing) to severe (bud blight, dwarfing, leaf and stem necrosis). recombination analysis revealed only one cpmmv isolate ...	2014	24142270
vudreb2a, a novel dreb2-type transcription factor in the drought-tolerant legume cowpea, mediates dre-dependent expression of stress-responsive genes and confers enhanced drought resistance in transgenic arabidopsis.	vudreb2a exists in cowpea as a canonical dreb2-type transcription factor, having the ability to bind dehydration-responsive elements in vitro and confer enhanced drought resistance in transgenic arabidopsis. cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp) is an important cultivated legume that can survive better in arid conditions than other crops. but the molecular mechanisms involved in the drought tolerance of this species remain elusive with very few reported candidate genes. the dehydration-responsive e ...	2014	25030652
proteomics changes during the incompatible interaction between cowpea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) penz and sacc.	anthracnose represents an important disease of cowpea [vigna unguiculata l. (walp.)] caused by the hemibiothrophic fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides that drastically reduces cowpea field production. in this study we investigated some biochemical aspects underlying the incompatible interaction between a resistant cowpea genotype and c. gloeosporioides using a proteomic approach. analyses of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns and protein identification indicate c. gloeosporioides inf ...	2014	24467908
meeting report vlpnpv: session 5: plant based technology.	the vlpnpv 2014 conference that was convened at the salk institute was the second conference of its kind to focus on advances in production, purification, and delivery of virus-like particles (vlps) and nanoparticles. many exciting developments were reported and discussed in this interdisciplinary arena, but here we report specifically on the contributions of plant-based platforms to vlp vaccine technology as reported in the section of the conference devoted to the topic as well in additional pr ...	2014	25581535
a novel set of polyvalent primers that detect members of the genera bromovirus and cucumovirus.	rapid detection and diagnosis of plant virus infection is one of the most important steps in preventing damages caused by viral diseases. bromoviruses and cucumoviruses belong to the family bromoviridae, which is one of the most important families of plant viruses, and infect a broad range of host plants including various economically important crops. in this study, an rt-pcr assay was developed for the universal detection of bromoviruses and cucumoviruses using a set of primers designed to targ ...	2014	24717165
electrophoretic mobilities of a viral capsid, its capsid protein, and their relation to viral assembly.	the self-assembly of many viral capsids is dominated by protein-protein electrostatic interactions. to have a better understanding of this process, it is important to know how the protein and the capsid surface charges vary as a function of the ph and ionic strength. in this work, using phase analysis light scattering, we measured the electrophoretic mobility (em) of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), its capsid protein (cp), and a cleaved cp that lacks its basic terminus, as a function o ...	2014	24467401
vigna unguiculata is nodulated in spain by endosymbionts of genisteae legumes and by a new symbiovar (vignae) of the genus bradyrhizobium.	vigna unguiculata was introduced into europe from its distribution centre in africa, and it is currently being cultivated in mediterranean regions with adequate edapho-climatic conditions where the slow growing rhizobia nodulating this legume have not yet been studied. previous studies based on rrs gene and its region analyses have shown that bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and b. elkanii nodulated v. unguiculata in africa, but these two species were not found in this study. using the same phylogene ...	2014	24867807
plant viral vectors for delivery by agrobacterium.	plant viral vectors delivered by agrobacterium are the basis of several manufacturing processes that are currently in use for producing a wide range of proteins for multiple applications, including vaccine antigens, antibodies, protein nanoparticles such as virus-like particles (vlps), and other protein and protein-rna scaffolds. viral vectors delivered by agrobacterial t-dna transfer (magnifection) have also become important tools in research. in recent years, essential advances have been made ...	2014	23949286
naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi infecting stored grain insect species in punjab, pakistan.	the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from stored grain insect pests sampled from various geographical regions of punjab, pakistan, was investigated. in total, 25,720 insects from six different species were evaluated, and 195 isolates from 24 different fungal species were recovered. these included the ascomycetes beauveria bassiana sensu lato (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), pu ...	2014	25480970
structure and biological roles of sinorhizobium fredii hh103 exopolysaccharide.	here we report that the structure of the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 exopolysaccharide (eps) is composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid, in the ratios 5∶2∶2∶1 and is partially acetylated. a s. fredii hh103 exoa mutant (svq530), unable to produce eps, not only forms nitrogen fixing nodules with soybean but also shows increased competitive capacity for nodule occupancy. mutant svq530 is, however, less competitive to nodulate vigna unguiculata. biofilm formation was reduced in ...	2014	25521500
[identification of a kojic-acid producing aspergillus flavus f52].	we identified an endophytic fungus of vigna unguiculata, as well as the influence of carbon sources on the production of kojic acid by the isolated fungus.	2014	25803892
construction of a standard reference plasmid containing seven target genes for the detection of transgenic cotton.	insect resistance and herbicide tolerance are the dominant traits of commercialized transgenic cotton. in this study, we constructed a general standard reference plasmid for transgenic cotton detection. target genes, including the cowpea trypsin gene cpti, the insect resistance gene cry1ab/1ac, the herbicide tolerance gene cp4-epsps, the agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator that exists in transgenic cotton and part of the endogenous cotton sadi gene were amplified from pl ...	2014	24929128
mechanisms relevant to the enhanced virulence of a dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin metabolically engineered entomopathogen.	the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma05-169 is a transformant strain that has been metabolically engineered to express dihydroxynaphthalene-melanin biosynthesis genes. in contrast to the wild type strain, the transformant displays a greater resistance to environmental stress and a higher virulence toward target insect host. however, the underlying mechanisms for these characteristics remain unclear; hence experiments were initiated to explore the possible mechanism(s) through phy ...	2014	24662974
rhizobia indigenous to the okavango region in sub-saharan africa: diversity, adaptations, and host specificity.	the rhizobial community indigenous to the okavango region has not yet been characterized. the isolation of indigenous rhizobia can provide a basis for the formulation of a rhizobial inoculant. moreover, their identification and characterization contribute to the general understanding of species distribution and ecology. isolates were obtained from nodules of local varieties of the pulses cowpea, bambara groundnut, peanut, hyacinth bean, and common bean. ninety-one of them were identified by box ...	2014	25239908
bradyrhizobium ottawaense sp. nov., a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacterium from root nodules of soybeans in canada.	sixteen strains of symbiotic bacteria from root nodules of glycine max grown in ottawa, canada, were previously characterized and placed in a novel group within the genus bradyrhizobium. to verify their taxonomic status, these strains were further characterized using a polyphasic approach. all strains possessed identical 16s rrna gene sequences that were 99.79 % similar to the closest relative, bradyrhizobium liaoningense lmg 18230(t). phylogenetic analysis of concatenated atpd, glnii, reca, gyr ...	2014	24969302
factors limiting the spread of the protective symbiont hamiltonella defensa in aphis craccivora aphids.	many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest that harbors hamiltonella defensa, which defends against parasitic wasps. despite this protective benefit, this symbiont occurs only at intermediate frequencies in field populations. to identify factors constraining h. defensa invasion in ap. craccivora, we estimated symbiont transmission rates, per ...	2014	25015890
high-resolution transcriptomic analyses of sinorhizobium sp. ngr234 bacteroids in determinate nodules of vigna unguiculata and indeterminate nodules of leucaena leucocephala.	the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is a model system for studying mutualistic interactions between bacteria and eukaryotes. sinorhizobium sp. ngr234 is distinguished by its ability to form either indeterminate nodules or determinate nodules with diverse legumes. here, we presented a high-resolution rna-seq transcriptomic analysis of ngr234 bacteroids in indeterminate nodules of leucaena leucocephala and determinate nodules of vigna unguiculata. in contrast to exponentially growing free-living bacter ...	2013	23936444
development of reference transcriptomes for the major field insect pests of cowpea: a toolbox for insect pest management approaches in west africa.	cowpea is a widely cultivated and major nutritional source of protein for many people that live in west africa. annual yields and longevity of grain storage is greatly reduced by feeding damage caused by a complex of insect pests that include the pod sucking bugs, anoplocnemis curvipes fabricius (hemiptera: coreidae) and clavigralla tomentosicollis stål (hemiptera: coreidae); as well as phloem-feeding cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae) and flower thrips, megalurothrips s ...	2013	24278221
the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 lipopolysaccharide is not only relevant at early soybean nodulation stages but also for symbiosome stability in mature nodules.	in this work we have characterised the sinorhizobium fredii hh103 grea lpsb lpscde genetic region and analysed for the first time the symbiotic performance of sinorhizobium fredii lps mutants on soybean. the organization of the s. fredii hh103 grea, lpsb, and lpscde genes was equal to that of sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. s. fredii hh103 grea, lpsb, and lpse mutant derivatives produced altered lps profiles that were characteristic of the gene mutated. in addition, s. fredii hh103 grea mutants sho ...	2013	24098345
differential peroxidase activities in three different crops upon insect feeding.	peroxidases are the ubiquitous enzyme and reported to be present in all living genera. they catalyses reduction of peroxide and generate reactive oxygen species. in the present study we demonstrated that insect infestation induces peroxidase activity in sap and total soluble protein (tsp) of plant leaves. three important crop plants viz. tomato, cowpea and cotton were used for this study. after infestation of chewing insect, peroxidase activity in the sap and tsp of all the studied plants were e ...	2013	23857346
some 2s albumin from peanut seeds exhibits inhibitory activity against aspergillus flavus.	a crude 2s albumin fraction was separated from peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) cotyledons. untreated 2s albumin had little inhibitory activity against trypsin, spore germination, or hyphal growth of aspergillus flavus. however, following treatment of 2s albumin with sds, increased inhibitory activity was demonstrated. we further purified 2s albumin using sephadex g-100 and deae cellulose (de-32) chromatography. hplc analysis showed that the partially pure 2s albumin consisted of two polypeptides, w ...	2013	23500710
biological and molecular variability of alfalfa mosaic virus affecting alfalfa crop in riyadh region.	in 2011-2012, sixty nine samples were collected from alfalfa plants showing viral infection symptoms in riyadh region. mechanical inoculation with sap prepared from two collected samples out of twenty five possitive for alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) by elisa were produced systemic mosaic on vigna unguiculata and nicotiana tabacum, local lesion on chenopodium amaranticolor and c. quinoa. vicia faba indicator plants that induce mosaic and mottle with amv-sagir isolate and no infection with amv-wadi a ...	2013	25288969
systemic transport of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30k family.	we previously showed that the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), brome mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have analysed the capacity of the heterologous mps to systemically transport the corresponding chimeric amv genome. all mps were competent in systemic transport but required the fusion at their ...	2013	23136366
evaluation of real-time pcr detection methods for detecting rice products contaminated by rice genetically modified with a cpti-kdel-t-nos transgenic construct.	genetically modified (gm) rice (oryza sativa) lines, such as insecticidal kefeng and kemingdao, have been developed and found unauthorised in processed rice products in many countries. therefore, qualitative detection methods for the gm rice are required for the gm food regulation. a transgenic construct for expressing cowpea (vigna unguiculata) trypsin inhibitor (cpti) was detected in some imported processed rice products contaminated with kemingdao. the 3' terminal sequence of the identified t ...	2013	23871003
diversity of beet curly top iran virus isolated from different hosts in iran.	beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a major pathogen of sugar beet in iran. in order to study diversity of bctiv, we sampled 68 plants in iran during the summer of 2010 with curly top disease symptoms on beans (phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (vigna unguiculata), tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum l.), sea beets (beta vulgaris subsp. maritima), and sugar beets (beta vulgaris). plant samples showing leaf curling, yellowing, and/or swelling of veins on the lower leaf surfaces were collected from various ...	2013	23329008
analysis of the solvent accessibility of cysteine residues on maize rayado fino virus virus-like particles produced in nicotiana benthamiana plants and cross-linking of peptides to vlps.	mimicking and exploiting virus properties and physicochemical and physical characteristics holds promise to provide solutions to some of the world's most pressing challenges. the sheer range and types of viruses coupled with their intriguing properties potentially give endless opportunities for applications in virus-based technologies. viruses have the ability to self- assemble into particles with discrete shape and size, specificity of symmetry, polyvalence, and stable properties under a wide r ...	2013	23439009
a method for rapid production of heteromultimeric protein complexes in plants: assembly of protective bluetongue virus-like particles.	plant expression systems based on nonreplicating virus-based vectors can be used for the simultaneous expression of multiple genes within the same cell. they therefore have great potential for the production of heteromultimeric protein complexes. this work describes the efficient plant-based production and assembly of bluetongue virus-like particles (vlps), requiring the simultaneous expression of four distinct proteins in varying amounts. such particles have the potential to serve as a safe and ...	2013	23647743
activity of recombinant and natural defensins from vigna unguiculata seeds against leishmania amazonensis.	antimicrobial peptides (amps), which are differentiated from other antibiotic peptides, such as gramicidins and polymyxins, because they are synthesized by large enzymatic complex and bear modified amino acids including d-amino acids, are short polymers of l-amino acids synthesized by ribosomes upon which all living organisms rely to defend themselves from invaders or competitor microorganisms. amps have received a great deal of attention from the scientific community as potential new drugs for ...	2013	23816644
evaluation of cover crops with potential for use in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) for susceptibility to three species of meloidogyne.	several cover crops with potential for use in tropical and subtropical regions were assessed for susceptibility to three common species of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. crops were selected based on potential use as organic amendments in anaerobic soil disinfestation (asd) applications. nematode juvenile (j2) numbers in soil and roots, egg production, and host plant root galling were evaluated on arugula (eruca sativa, cv. nemat), cowpea (vigna unguicula ...	2013	24379486
purification and characterization of a protein with antifungal, antiproliferative, and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from small brown-eyed cowpea seeds.	a 36-kda protein, with an n-terminal sequence highly homologous to polygalacturonase (pg) inhibiting proteins, was isolated from small brown-eyed cowpea seeds. the protein was unadsorbed on diethylaminoethyl cellulose but adsorbed on both affi-gel blue gel and sp-sepharose. it inhibited mycelial growth in the fungus mycosphaerella arachidicola with an half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (ic50 ) of 3.3 µm. it reduced [methyl-(3) h] thymidine incorporation into mbl2 lymphoma and l1210 leuk ...	2013	24033593
to build a virus on a nucleic acid substrate.	many viruses package their genomes concomitant with assembly. here, we show that this reaction can be described by three coefficients: association of capsid protein (cp) to nucleic acid (na), kna; cp-cp interaction, ω; and α, proportional to the work required to package na. the value of α can vary as na is packaged. a phase diagram of average lnα versus lnω identifies conditions where assembly is likely to fail or succeed. na morphology can favor (lnα > 0) or impede (lnα < 0) assembly. as lnω be ...	2013	23561536
characterization of betasatellite associated with the yellow mosaic disease of grain legumes in southern india.	yellow mosaic disease caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (mymv) belonging to the genus begomovirus (the family geminiviridae) is a major constraint in cultivation of grain legumes in india. the urdbean (vigna mungo (l.) hepper) and mungbean (vigna radiata (l.) r. wilczek) samples affected with yellow mosaic disease exhibits yellow mosaic symptoms along with leaf puckering and leaf distortion in tamil nadu. hence the study was performed to find out if there was any association and influence o ...	2013	24294953
screening of protease producing fungi for microbial digestion of seed proteins and synthesis of amino acids-metalnutrient chelates.	the problem of metalnutrient deficiency is becoming more serious with the introduction of modern agricultural practices. as a result, metalnutrient deficiency is recognized as one of the critical yield limiting factors. metalnutrients are generally offered in their sulphate or oxide forms. however, it is reported that organically bound minerals generally have a higher bioavailability than inorganic minerals. chelation makes otherwise unavailable metalnutrients plant available. amino acids are we ...	2013	24199492
interrelationship of bradyrhizobium sp. and plant growth-promoting bacteria in cowpea: survival and symbiotic performance.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of cowpea during bacterial colonization and evaluate the interrelationship of the bradyrhizobium sp. and plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb) as a potential method for optimizing symbiotic performance and cowpea development. two experiments using the model legume cowpea cv. "ipa 206" were conducted. in the first experiment, cowpea seeds were disinfected, germinated and transferred to sterilized gibson tubes containing a nitrogen-free nut ...	2013	23456712
increased tumor homing and tissue penetration of the filamentous plant viral nanoparticle potato virus x.	nanomaterials with elongated architectures have been shown to possess differential tumor homing properties compared to their spherical counterparts. here, we investigate whether this phenomenon is mirrored by plant viral nanoparticles that are filamentous (potato virus x) or spherical (cowpea mosaic virus). our studies demonstrate that potato virus x (pvx) and cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) show distinct biodistribution profiles and differ in their tumor homing and penetration efficiency. analogous ...	2013	22731633
pseudomonas guariconensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil.	we isolated a bacterial strain designated pcavu11(t) in the course of a study of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria occurring in rhizospheric soil of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. in guárico state, venezuela. the 16s rrna gene sequence had 99.2 % sequence similarity with respect to the most closely related species, pseudomonas taiwanensis, and 99.1 % with respect to pseudomonas entomophila, pseudomonas plecoglossicida and pseudomonas monteilii, on the basis of which pcavu11(t) was classified as repr ...	2013	23847284
improved cell disruption of pichia pastoris utilizing aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (amp) clay.	an efficient method for pichia cell disruption that employs an aminopropyl magnesium phyllosilicate (amp) clay-assisted glass beads mill is presented. amp clay is functionalized nanocomposite resembling the talc parent structure si8mg6o20(oh)4 that has been proven to permeate the bacterial membrane and cause cell lysis. the recombinant capsid protein of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 was used as demonstration system for their ability of self-assembly into ...	2013	23361969
multifarious beneficial traits and plant growth promoting potential of serratia marcescens kisii and enterobacter sp. rnf 267 isolated from the rhizosphere of coconut palms (cocos nucifera l.).	two plant growth promoting bacteria designated as kisii and rnf 267 isolated from the rhizosphere of coconut palms were identified as serratia marcescens and enterobacter sp. based on their phenotypic features, biolog studies and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. both bacteria exhibited phosphate solubilization, ammonification, and production of indole acetic acid, β-1, 3 glucanase activities and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase activity. they could also tolerate a range of ph conditio ...	2013	22948479
shape matters: the diffusion rates of tmv rods and cpmv icosahedrons in a spheroid model of extracellular matrix are distinct.	nanomaterial-based carrier systems hold great promise to deliver therapies with increased efficacy and reduced side effects. while the state-of-the-art carrier system is a sphere, recent data indicate that elongated rods and filaments have advantageous flow and margination properties, resulting in enhanced vascular targeting and tumor homing. here, we report on the distinct diffusion rates of two bio-inspired carrier systems: 30 nm-sized spherical cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) and 300×18 nm-sized t ...	2013	24244867
synthesis and biological evaluation of nitromethylene neonicotinoids based on the enhanced conjugation.	the neonicotinoids with a nitroconjugated system had excellent bioactivity, which could rival imidacloprid, and has been previously reported. however, the photodegradation and hydrolysis of this series of neonicotinoids was very quick according to our further investigation, which cannot be developed as a pesticide further. the approach to further enhance the conjugation was tried not only to increase the bioactivities but also to improve the stability in water and in the sun. a substituted pheny ...	2013	24180522
effect of warming with temperature oscillations on a low-latitude aphid, aphis craccivora.	to estimate the net effect of climate change on natural populations, we must take into account the positive and negative effects of temperature oscillations and climate variability. warming because of climate change will likely exceed the physiological optima of tropical insects, which currently live very close to their thermal optima. tropical insects will be negatively affected if their optima are exceeded otherwise warming may affect them positively. we evaluate the demographic responses of t ...	2013	23448233
pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids: design, synthesis, and insecticidal evaluation.	versatile pyrrole- and dihydropyrrole-fused neonicotinoids were obtained from cyclic and non-cyclic nitroeneamines. anhydrous aluminum chloride (alcl₃) exhibited high catalytic selectivity for the synthesis of the titled etherified compounds at room temperature and the eliminated products under reflux conditions. the target molecules have been identified on the basis of satisfactory analytical and spectral [¹h and ¹³c nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms), an ...	2013	23256728
identification of novel resistance gene sources to cowpea aphid (aphis craccivora koch) in cowpea (vigna unguiculata l.).	the development of cowpea aphid larvae was monitored on seven cowpea genotypes (iar-48, tvu-15866, it84s-2246-4, saka babba sata, it90k-76, kanannado and tvx 3236). the aim of the study was to determine the developmental response of the larvae as an indication of antibiotic resistance of the genotypes. highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed with respect to fertility, larval development, adult longevity, life span, multiplication rate and intrinsic rate of increase. kanannado and ...	2013	24506004
special plant species determines diet breadth of phytophagous insects: a study on host plant expansion of the host-specialized aphis gossypii glover.	host specialization is a ubiquitous character of phytophagous insects. the polyphagous population is usually composed of some subpopulations that can use only a few closely related plants. cotton-melon aphids, aphis gossypii glover exhibited strong host specialization, and the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized biotypes had been clearly identified. however, the experimental work that addressed the roles of plant species in determining diet breadth of phytophagous insects is rare. in the present s ...	2013	23580128
copper content of staple seeds and grains grown in kanam local government area, nigeria.	copper is a trace mineral that plays an important role in human metabolism, largely because it allows many critical enzymes to function properly. little is known of copper content of nigerian foods. in this paper, copper contents of several typical nigerian foods were determined. the samples were collected from kanam of plateau state in central region of nigeria. the samples were wet-ashed according to the protocol of hill et al. (anal chem 55:2340-2342, 1986).concentrations of copper in the sam ...	2013	23961432
indigenous and traditional plants: south african parents' knowledge, perceptions and uses and their children's sensory acceptance.	the dietary shift from indigenous and traditional plants (itps) to cash crops and exotic plant food sources increases the risk of malnutrition and other nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, especially in poor rural communities. farm communities in south africa have been associated with poor nutritional status and extreme poverty. itps have been found to be affordable sources of several micronutrients. however, knowledge of and the use of these plants are declining, and little is known ab ...	2013	24274394
genetic diversity and host range studies of turnip curly top virus.	turnip curly top virus (tctv) is a unique geminivirus that has recently been characterised as infecting turnips in iran. the genome of tctv shares <68 % pairwise identity with other geminiviruses and has a genome organisation similar to that of curtoviruses and topocuvirus. the replication-associated protein (rep) bears the highest similarity to curtovirus reps (48.5-69.0 %); however, in the case of the capsid protein (cp), the extent of similarity is only 39.5-44.5 %. we constructed an agroinfe ...	2013	23225113
effect of summer forage species grazed during finishing on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat quality.	angus-cross steers (n = 60) were used to assess the effect of forage species [alfalfa (al; medicago sativa l.), bermudagrass (bg; cynodon dactylon), chicory (ch; cichorium intybus l.), cowpea (co; vigna unguiculata l.), and pearl millet (pm; pennisetum glaucum (l. r br.)] in replicated 2-ha paddocks for finishing on cattle performance, carcass quality, and meat quality in a 2-yr study. steers were blocked by bw and assigned randomly to finishing-forage treatments before the start of the experime ...	2013	23825343
potential of bambara groundnut (vigna subterranea (l.) verdc) milk as a probiotic beverage-a review.	bambara groundnut (vigna subterraenea (l.) verdc) (bgn) is a legume; its origin have been traced back to africa, and it is the third important legume; however, it is one of the neglected crops. it is highly nutritious, and has been termed a complete food. its seed consist of 49%-63.5% carbohydrate, 15%-25% protein, 4.5%-7.4% fat, 5.2%-6.4% fiber, 3.2%-4.4% ash and 2% mineral compared to whole fresh cow milk 88% moisture, 4.8% carbohydrate, 3.2% proteins, 3.4% fat, 0.7% ash, and 0.01% cholesterol ...	2013	23768187
resistance of αai-1 transgenic chickpea (cicer arietinum) and cowpea (vigna unguiculata) dry grains to bruchid beetles (coleoptera: chrysomelidae).	dry grain legume seeds possessing αai-1, an α-amylase inhibitor from common bean (phaseolus vulgaris), under the control of a cotyledon-specific promoter have been shown to be highly resistant to several important bruchid pest species. one transgenic chickpea and four cowpea lines expressing αai-1, their respective controls, as well as nine conventional chickpea cultivars were assessed for their resistance to the bruchids acanthoscelides obtectus (say), callosobruchus chinensis l. and callosobru ...	2013	23458831
changes in nonnutritional factors and antioxidant activity during germination of nonconventional legumes.	the present study describes the effects of germination on nonnutritional factors and antioxidant activity in the nonconventional legumes vigna unguiculata (cowpea), canavalia ensiformis (jack bean), lablab purpureus (dolichos), and stizolobium niveum (mucuna). protease inhibitors and lectins were detected in raw legumes and were significantly decreased during the germination. regarding total and individual inositol phosphates (ip5-ip3), important reductions of ip6 and high increases in the rest ...	2013	23909570
an exploration of the potential mechanisms and translational potential of five medicinal plants for applications in alzheimer's disease.	alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common type of dementia, and represents a vast worldwide socio-economic burden, and in the absence of a current cure, effective therapeutic strategies are still needed. cholinergic and cerebral blood flow deficits, excessive levels of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and glutamate excitatory mechanisms are all believed to contribute to the development and progression of the disease. scoparia dulcis, catharanthus roseus, sesamum indicum, erythrina senegalen ...	2013	23844333
mites associated with stored grain commodities in benin, west africa.	after insects, mites are the major arthropod pests that inhabit stored agricultural products worldwide. to determine the acarofauna that infests cowpea, maize, paddy rice and sorghum in benin (west africa), surveys were conducted in some principal markets (dantokpa, glazoue and parakou) of this country. a total of 555 samples of grains and debris were collected in may and september 2011. more than 56 species belonging to 24 mite families were recorded in the four products. these mite species inc ...	2013	23793792
new artificial diet for continuous rearing of the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata.	the bean pod borer, maruca vitrata fabricius (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a serious pantropical pest of grain legumes. a suitable artificial diet is desirable for producing uniform insects for commercial purposes or research. three previously described artificial diets, 1 newly-developed artificial diet, and cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. (fabales: fabaceae)), the natural hostplant of m. vitrata, were used for rearing m. vitrata, and the life parameters were examined. the results indicated ...	2013	24785903
genetic architecture of delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress in cowpea.	the stay-green phenomenon is a key plant trait with wide usage in managing crop production under limited water conditions. this trait enhances delayed senescence, biomass, and grain yield under drought stress. in this study we sought to identify qtls in cowpea (vigna unguiculata) consistent across experiments conducted in burkina faso, nigeria, senegal, and the united states of america under limited water conditions. a panel of 383 diverse cowpea accessions and a recombinant inbred line populati ...	2013	23936140
a novel degenerated primer pair detects diverse genes of acyl homoserine lactone synthetase in rhizobiaceae family.	a novel degenerated primer set was designed to amplify acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) synthetase genes from members of the family rhizobiaceae. the primer set successfully amplified ahl synthetase genes from pure cultures of ahl producers from rhizobiaceae, but not from ahl producers out of the rhizobiaceae family, indicating the specificity of this primer set to the rhizobiaceae family. an inoculation experiment showed that the minimal detectable concentration of ahl producers from the soil was ...	2013	23483309
lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from eucalyptus camaldulensis and heracleum persicum against the adults of callosobruchus maculatus.	the cowpea weevil, callosobruchus maculatus f. (coleoptera: bruchidae), is an important pest of stored cowpea, vigna ungiculata (l.) walpers (fabales: fabaceae), with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. many plant essential oils have a broad-spectrum activity against pest insects, and these oils traditionally have been used in the protection of stored products. in this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils from eucalyptus camaldulensis dehnh. (myrtales: my ...	2013	24773362
effect of refrigerated storage on the quality characteristics of microwave cooked chicken seekh kababs extended with different non-meat proteins.	storage quality of chicken seekh kababs extended with different legumes at optimum level viz. 15% cowpea, 15% green gram and 10% black bean were assessed in terms of physico-chemical, proximate, microbiological and sensory properties under aerobic packaging conditions at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 1°c). the chicken seekh kababs were prepared from spent hens meat by low power microwave method and extended with optimum level of different legume (hydrated 1:1 w/w) pastes replacing lean meat in ...	2013	24425999
comparative analyses of three legume species reveals conserved and unique root extracellular proteins.	increasing evidence suggests that root extracellular proteins are involved in interactions between roots and their soil environment. in the present study, exudates released by 6-day-old roots of the three legume species white lupin (lupinus albus), soybean (glycine max), and cowpea (vigna sinensis) were collected under axenic conditions, and their constitutively secreted proteomes were analyzed. between 42 and 93 unique root extracellular proteins with 2 or more different peptide fragments per p ...	2012	22945350
leaf morphology in cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp]: qtl analysis, physical mapping and identifying a candidate gene using synteny with model legume species.	cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of africa.	2012	22691139
cloning and expression analysis of gmgal1, soc1 homolog gene in soybean.	a mads box gene agl20/soc1 is a main integrator in arabidopsis flowering pathway whose structure and function are highly conserved in many plant species. a soybean mads box gene gmgal1 (glycine max agamous like 1) as a homolog of agl20/soc1, was cloned from soybean cultivar kennong18 and its function was investigated in transgenic arabidopsis lines. sequence comparisons showed that the closest homolog gene to gmgal1 is agl20/soc1 in arabidopsis and vusoc1 in vigna unguiculata. we investigated th ...	2012	22350155
cyclic-β-glucans of rhizobium (sinorhizobium) sp. strain ngr234 are required for hypo-osmotic adaptation, motility, and efficient symbiosis with host plants.	cyclic-β-glucans (cβg) consist of cyclic homo-polymers of glucose that are present in the periplasmic space of many gram-negative bacteria. a number of studies have demonstrated their importance for bacterial infection of plant and animal cells. in this study, a mutant of rhizobium (sinorhizobium) sp. strain ngr234 (ngr234) was generated in the cyclic glucan synthase (ndvb)-encoding gene. the great majority of cβg produced by wild-type ngr234 are negatively charged and substituted. the ndvb muta ...	2012	22583376
large-scale development of cost-effective single-nucleotide polymorphism marker assays for genetic mapping in pigeonpea and comparative mapping in legumes.	single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps, >2000) were discovered by using rna-seq and allele-specific sequencing approaches in pigeonpea (cajanus cajan). for making the snp genotyping cost-effective, successful competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (kaspar) assays were developed for 1616 snps and referred to as pkams (pigeonpea kaspar assay markers). screening of pkams on 24 genotypes [23 from cultivated species and 1 wild species (cajanus scarabaeoides)] defined a set of 1154 polym ...	2012	23103470
large-scale development of cost-effective snp marker assays for diversity assessment and genetic mapping in chickpea and comparative mapping in legumes.	a set of 2486 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were compiled in chickpea using four approaches, namely (i) solexa/illumina sequencing (1409), (ii) amplicon sequencing of tentative orthologous genes (togs) (604), (iii) mining of expressed sequence tags (ests) (286) and (iv) sequencing of candidate genes (187). conversion of these snps to the cost-effective and flexible throughput competitive allele specific pcr (kaspar) assays generated successful assays for 2005 snps. these marker assays h ...	2012	22703242
influence of sodium selenite on growth, nutrient utilization and selenium uptake in cavia porcellus.	a 70 day experiment on forty guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) was conducted to find the influence of different level of sodium selenite (inorganic selenium supplementation) on growth, nutrient utilization and selenium uptake. the sodium selenite was supplemented into a basal diet at 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ppm, respectively and the basal diet comprised of 25% ground cowpea (vigna unguiculata) hay, 30% ground maize (zea mays) grain, 22% ground gram (cicer arietinum) grain, 9.5% deoiled rice (oryza sativ ...	2012	24163954
effect of dietary levels of decorticated cow pea (vigna unguiculata) supplemented with molasses on broiler chicks performance and carcass traits.	manny legumes are used extensively as animal feed. this study was conducted to look at the effects of decorticated cow pea seeds based diets supplemented with molasses on broiler performance and carcass traits. a total of 240 unsexed one-day old broiler chicks (ross 308) were used .the birds were randomly divided into six equal groups (treatments) and each group consisted of 8 (replicates). six experimental diets (starter and finisher) were formulated to be approximately isocaloric and isonitrog ...	2012	24163943