Publications

structures of americanol a and isoamericanol a having a neurotrophic property from the seeds of phytolacca americana.	the structures of new neo-lignans, isoamericanol a (1) and americanol a (2) isolated from the seeds of phytolacca americana have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and then confirmed by chemical correlation with the previously known isoamericanin a (3) and americanin a (4). isoamericanol a, americanol a, and americanin a have been found to enhance choline acetyltransferase activity at 10(-5) m in a cultured neuronal cell system derived from fetal rat hemisphere.	1992	1576680
type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins depurinate plant 25s rrna without species specificity.	four different type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) with rna n-glycosidase activity were tested for their ability to attack the large rrna of plant ribosomes derived from tobacco plants, as well as from the plant species from which the particular rip had been isolated. incubation of tobacco ribosomes with rips isolated from either phytolacca americana l. (pokeweed), dianthus barbatus l. (carnation), spinacia oleracea l. (spinach) or chenopodium amaranthicolor coste and reyn. (chenopodium ...	1992	1620614
isolation and analysis of a genomic clone encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein.	partial cdnas encoding a pokeweed antiviral protein were obtained by polymerase chain reaction from the poly(a)+ rna of seeds, leaves, and roots using two specific primers based on the amino acid sequence of a pokeweed antiviral protein from the seeds (pap-s). using the cdnas as a radioactive probe, 17 and 39 positive plaques were isolated from libraries containing the genomic dna of phytolacca americana digested with bam hi partially and completely, respectively. the plaques were grouped into n ...	1992	1281438
n-acetyl-d-glucosamine-asparagine structure in ribosome-inactivating proteins from the seeds of luffa cylindrica and phytolacca americana.	glycosylation-site-containing peptides were isolated from the proteolytic digests of luffin-a, luffin-b, pap-s and cnbr-fragments of pap-s by reverse-phase hplc, and their amino acid compositions and sequences were analyzed. six peptides were obtained from luffin-a, and three each from luffin-b and pap-s. all of these peptides were negative toward the phenol-h2so4 reaction and gave only n-acetyl-d-glucosamine in gas chromatography after methanolysis and reacetylation. amounts of n-acetyl-d-gluco ...	1991	1368685
production of a pokeweed antiviral protein (pap)-containing immunotoxin, b43-pap, directed against the cd19 human b lineage lymphoid differentiation antigen in highly purified form for human clinical trials.	we describe a standardized method for the preparation and purification of a potent immunotoxin against b-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells, constructed with the ribosome inhibitory single chain plant toxin pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) and a murine igg1 monoclonal antibody (moab) specific for the human b lineage differentiation antigen cd19 for human clinical trials. pap was prepared from spring leaves of phytolacca americana plants by ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified to homogeneity ...	1991	1705571
lectin histochemistry on squamous metaplasia in different epithelial tumors of dogs.	biotinylated lectins and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex were used to study the correlation between cellular glycoconjugates' expression and squamous maturation in normal canine skin and in various epithelial neoplasms. normal skin tissue was obtained from five, male, random-source dogs, 5 to 7 years old. the tumors tested, selected from the files of our department, were fifteen squamous cell carcinomas from different tissue origin, five hepatoid perianal gland adenocarcinomas with squamous met ...	1991	1708179
glycocalyx carbohydrates of uterine epithelial cells increase during early pregnancy in the rat.	carbohydrates were studied on the surface of uterine epithelial cells by lectin-avidin-ferritin histochemistry. the lectins, wheat germ agglutinin, fucose binding protein, soy bean agglutinin and the lectin from phytolacca americana were used in the study. statistically significant increases in three carbohydrates on day 6 of pregnancy--the day of blastocyst implantation--were found when compared with oestrus. these increases could contribute to the mechanism of blastocyst attachment to uterine ...	1991	1769885
[effects of processing on toxicity and pharmacological action of phytolacca americana l].	the experimental results have shown that the toxicity of variously processed phytolacca americana is lower than that of the original rude drug, i.e. the local irritability tends to decrease by 16.7-83.3%; ld50 to elevate by 1.66-10.47 times; expectoration to increase by 1.10-1.57 times; but diuresis mostly to decrease by 16.0-45.0%. this reveals that the main object of processing phytolacca americana is to lower toxicity, increase expectoration and relieve diuresis to reduce fluid retention.	1991	1804183
purification and properties of new ribosome-inactivating proteins with rna n-glycosidase activity.	ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) similar to those already known (stirpe & barbieri (1986) febs lett. 195, 1-8) were purified from the seeds of asparagus officinalis (two proteins, asparin 1 and 2), of citrullus colocynthis (two proteins, colocin 1 and 2), of lychnis chalcedonica (lychnin) and of manihot palmata (mapalmin), from the roots of phytolacca americana (pokeweed antiviral protein from roots, pap-r) and from the leaves of bryonia dioica (bryodin-l). the two latter proteins can be co ...	1990	2248976
alterations in cell-surface carbohydrates of rat large granular lymphocytes associated with interleukin-2 activation.	the activation of large granular lymphocytes (lgls)/natural killer (nk) cells with interleukin-2 (il-2) has been shown to increase the ability of these cells to lyse nk-resistant tumor target cells. activated lgls, termed lak (lymphokine-activated killer) cells, have been demonstrated to be of therapeutic value in vivo against metastatic tumors. the mechanism by which il-2 induces broadened cytolytic capability, as well as the molecular basis of target recognition and killing by the activated ce ...	1990	2328530
monoclonal anti-human t cell antibody and pap-s conjugate--preparation and selective cytotoxic properties on leukemic cell.	pokeweed antiviral protein (pap-s) was prepared from seeds of phytolacca americana. monoclonal antibody against human pan-t lymphocyte wu71 was linked to pap-s by a disulfide bond. the results of sds-page, double immunodiffusion of active monoclonal antibody and pap-s showed that the conjugate was highly cytotoxic to the human t-leukemic cell line cem, but not to antigen-negative cell line sp2/o. at a concentration of 10(-9) mol/l, 76.4% of the target cells were killed, as compared with 10.1% at ...	1990	2348483
lectin histochemical characteristics of the canine female mammary gland.	twelve biotinylated lectins and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method were used to detect and localize specific carbohydrate residues on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded female canine mammary gland sections. histologic sections from 3 lactating and 7 nonlactating mixed-breed dogs (age 5.6 +/- 0.35 years) were incubated with arachis hypogea agglutinin (peanut agglutinin; pna), concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (cona), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (dba), glycine max agglutinin (sba), griffonia simp ...	1990	1700652
ribosome-inactivating proteins from plant cells in culture.	1. ribosome-inactivating proteins were found in high amounts in one line of cells of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) cultured in vitro and, in less quantity, in lines of saponaria officinalis (soapwort) and of zea mays (corn) cells. 2. the main ribosome-inactivating protein from pokeweed cells was purified to homogeneity. it is a protein with mr 29,000 and basic pi, similar to the 'pokeweed antiviral protein' (pap), a ribosome-inactivating protein from pokeweed leaves. we propose to call the pok ...	1989	2930487
detection of fungi in tissue sections by lectin histochemistry.	a battery of 21 fluoresceinated lectins was tested on sections of paraffin-embedded human tissues to determine which lectin could be used in the microscopic diagnosis of fungal diseases. three lectins, from canavalia ensiformis (concanavalin), triticum vulgare (wheat germ a), and phytolacca americana (pokeweed [pwm]), were found to react with fungal pathogens commonly encountered in nosocomial infections. best results were obtained with pwm and succinylated wheat germ a, which, due to their weak ...	1988	2454619
immunotoxins to a human melanoma-associated antigen: resistance to pokeweed antiviral protein conjugates in vitro.	pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) from the summer leaves of phytolacca americana was purified and conjugated via n-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate to 9.2.27 anti-melanoma antibody to a glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex. the conjugate was highly potent (50% inhibition dose of 5 x 10(-11)-10(-13) m on antigen-positive melanoma) and highly selective (5 x 10(-8) on antigen-negative melanoma). human melanoma cells were selected for resistance to in vitro killing of the pap conjugate by cycl ...	1987	3473251
radiationless transitions as a protection mechanism against photoinhibition in higher plants and a red alga.	exposure of the red alga porphyra perforata or leaves of phytolacca americana and echinodorus sp. to white light equivalent to full sunlight for short periods induced large decreases of variable fluorescence measured at 695 nm at 77k. this change was not produced by photoinhibition but rather appeared to result from an inorease in the rate constant of radiationless transition in the reaction centers of photosystem ii. it is proposed that this increase is related to the formation of the high ener ...	1986	24435380
lectin-induced modulation of the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide.	several lectins were tested for their capacity to alter the antibody response to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii). the antibody response was enhanced by concanavalin a (con a), phytohemagglutinin (pha), as well as lectins from phytolacca americana (pa-2), pisum sativum (psa), and lens culinaris (lch), when these lectins were given 2 days after immunization with sss-iii; however, suppression was obtained when con a and pa-2 were given at the time of immunization. by contrast the lec ...	1984	6692477
characterization of translational inhibitors from phytolacca americana. amino-terminal sequence determination and antibody-inhibitor conjugates.	two translational inhibitors (pokeweed antiviral protein and pokeweed antiviral protein ii) isolated from the leaves of the pokeweed plant, phytolacca americana, were characterized as to their behavior during reverse-phase hplc and their amino-terminal sequences. alignment of the sequences demonstrated that a substantial degree of homology was present (10 of 29 identical residues). pokeweed antiviral protein was shown by reverse-phase chromatography to be composed of at least two components, pok ...	1984	6091760
evaluation of the mutagenic potential of endod (phytolacca dodecandra), a molluscicide of potential value for the control of schistosomiasis.	extracts of the fruit of phytolacca dodecandra (endod) demonstrate molluscicidal and other biological activities. since this plant is indigenous to some countries where schistosomiasis is a common problem, it has been proposed that it may be socioeconomically feasible to employ endod as an aid in the control of this disease through its use to control the snail vector. as an initial step in the safety assessment of this substance, its mutagenic potential was determined utilizing salmonella typhim ...	1984	6379991
[effect of preliminary treatment with homologous interferon (priming) on the production of human immune interferon].	pretreatment of the cultures of human peripheral blood leukocytes and splenocytes with the incubation medium of the mitogen-stimulated human lymphoid cells containing various concentrations of lymphokines (including 10 to 1280 units/ml of immune interferon) resulted in increased (by at least 4 times) production of interferon, induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin a, phytohemagglutinin and mitogen from phytolacca americana (pwm), as well as in intensification of dna synthesis in the producing cel ...	1983	6407389
classification of iron-sulfur cores in ferredoxins by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	a 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) study was carried out on various ferredoxins which possess one of three types of iron-sulfur clusters, (2fe-2s), (3fe-3s), or (4fe-4s). in the isolated form, (2fe-2s) ferredoxins from spinach (spinacea oleracia), pokeweed (phytolacca americana), a blue-green alga (spirulina platensis), and a halobacterium (halobacterium halobium) exhibited two broad resonances common in chemical shift at the region downfield of 10 ppm. in their reduced forms, seven contact-s ...	1983	6417123
targeting of the antiviral protein from phytolacca americana with an antibody.		1982	7092866
purification and partial characterization of another form of the antiviral protein from the seeds of phytolacca americana l. (pokeweed).	1. the pokeweed antiviral protein, previously identified in two forms (pap and pap ii) in the leaves of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) [obrig. irvin & hardesty (1973) arch. biochem. biophys. 155, 278-289; irvin, kelly & robertus (1980) arch. biochem. biophys. 200, 418-425] is a protein that prevents replication of several viruses and inactivates ribosomes, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. 2. pap is present in several forms in the seeds of pokeweed. one of them, which we propose to call 'pokew ...	1982	7103950
effect of ribosome-inactivating proteins on virus-infected cells. inhibition of virus multiplication and of protein synthesis.	hep-2 cells were infected with herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) or with polio-virus i in the presence of plant proteins which inactivate ribosomes in cell-free systems, while exerting scarce effect on whole cells. ribosome-inactivating proteins used were gelonin, from seeds of gelonium multiflorum, an inhibitor from the seeds of momordica charantia, dianthin 32, from the leaves of dianthus caryophyllus (carnation), and pap-s, from the seeds of phytolacca americana (pokeweed). all proteins tested h ...	1982	6284092
a series of murine interleukin molecules which stimulate both murine and human lymphocytes. i. production by phytolacca americana (pokeweed) lectin 2 (pa-2)-stimulated thymus and thymus-derived cells.		1981	6791834
purification and properties of a second antiviral protein from phytolacca americana which inactivates eukaryotic ribosomes.		1980	7192071
traditional medicine in health care.	the state of research on plants used in traditional medicine and its development in egypt is indicated by the number of scientific institutions devoted to this problem: universities, the national research centre, the desert institute and the horticulture department of the ministry of agriculture. moreover, the use of certain medicinal plants has been "industrialised', e.g., ammi visnaga, cymbopogon proximus, nigella sativa and aloe vera. other plants are under investigation: urginea maritima, ph ...	1980	7464176
inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by a lectin from momordica charantia and by other haemagglutinins.	protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate is inhibited by the haemagglutinating lectins from momordica charantia and crotalaria juncea seeds and from the roe of rutilus rutilus, and by a commercial preparation of the mitogenic lectin from phytolacca americana. the haemagglutinins from the seeds of ricinus communis and of vicia cracca acquired inhibitory activity after their reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol.	1979	508306
carbohydrate-binding specificity of pokeweed mitogens.	the carbohydrate-binding specificity of two pokeweed (phytolacca americana) mitogens (pa-1 and pa-2) was investigated by means of hemagglutination inhibition assays and the quantitative inhibition of the binding of 125i-labeled lectins to human erythrocytes using various oligosaccharides, glycopeptides and glycoproteins as hapten inhibitors. among the inhibitors employed in this study, chitin oligosaccharides and the glycopeptides and glycoproteins which bear sugar chains of the type found in se ...	1978	620075
purification and biological activities of pokeweek (phytolacca americana) mitogens.	five mitogens, designated pa-1 through pa-5, were purified from the roots of pokeweed (phytolacca americana) by means of ethanol fractionation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, affinity chromatography on a column of desialized human erythrocyte glycopeptide-sepharose 4b, and gel filtration. among these mitogens, only pa-1 was mitogenic for both murine b-cells and t-cells, and the other mitogens were t-cell mitogens. binding experiments with 125i-labeled pa-1, a potent mitogen for b-cells, a ...	1976	817741
the nature of the differential inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis in extracts from artemia salina and rabbit reticulocytes by the phytolacca americana protein.	the difference in sensitivity of polyphenylalanine synthesis in extracts from artemia salina and rabbit reticulocytes to inhibition by the phytolacca americana protein (pap) has been found to be linked to the source of the supernatant enzyme fraction and not the ribosomes. in the presence of reticulocyte supernatant enzyme fraction polyphenylalanine synthesis in less sensitive to inhibition by pap than that observed in the presence of a. salina supernatant enzyme fraction. the results suggest th ...	1976	1272260
toxicity of pokeberries (fruit of phytolacca americana large) for turkey poults.	fresh pokeberries were picked from the cluster and liquified in a blender for 3 to 5 minutes. the liquified berries were mixed into a standard turkey starter at the rate of 0, 2-1/2, 5 and 10%. addition was at the expense of the total diet. two separate experiments were conducted with day old broad white turkeys. weight gain, mortality and gross lesions were observed to 3 weeks of age. growth rate was reduced with each increase in level of pokeberries. in experiment 1, 3-week gains were 376, 354 ...	1975	1161710
production of plant virus inhibitor by phytolacca americana suspension culture.	the inhibitory activity of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infection was assayed with the extracts of various callus tissues derived from the intact plants. phytolacca americana callus was selected as a producer of the virus inhibitor and its cultural conditions in suspension were examined for cell growth and the inhibitor production. a modified liquid medium containing twofold concentrations of all components in that of murashige and skoog plus2,4-d (1.0 mg/liter) and sucrose (6%), but without any v ...	1975	1182282
the inhibition of infection by cucumber mosaic virus and influenza virus by extracts from phytolacca americana.		1974	4206833
cellular immunity in vitro. clonal proliferation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.	when sensitive lymphocytes are cultured with the appropriate antigen, lymphoblasts appear after 24-48 hr of incubation and the number of these increases steadily from the 2nd to the 6th or 7th day. our problem was to discover, at a cellular level, how this increase takes place; whether it is a massive response of many cells, stepwise recruitment of cells into the lymphoblast class, or simply repeated division of a few cells to form clones. in these experiments lymphocytes were incubated with ant ...	1969	4893888
studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. i. biological and physicochemical properties of the pokeweed mitogen.	the saline extract from the roots of phytolacca americana (pokeweed) possesses three biological properties; hemagglutinin, leukagglutinin, and mitogen. fractionation and further purification on calcium phosphate column chromatography revealed that the biologically active substance was eluted in the front moving fraction with 0.05 m phosphate buffer ph 7.5. analytical separation on polyacrylamide gels in disc electrophoresis yielded a single homogeneous band with an r(f) value of 0.43 containing ...	1966	5926300