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in vitro antimicrobial activities of metabolites from vaginal lactobacillus strains against clostridium perfringens isolated from a woman's vagina.more than 50 different species of bacteria may live in a woman's vagina, with lactobacilli being the predominant microorganism found in healthy adult females. lactobacilli are relevant as a barrier to infection and are important in the impairment of colonization by pathogens, owing to competitive adherence to adhesion sites in the vaginal epithelium and their capacity to produce antimicrobial compounds.201727751758
clostridium perfringens bacteremia in an 85-year-old diabetic man.emphysematous cholecystitis is an uncommon and dangerous complication of acute cholecystitis. common risk factors for this disease include male gender, old age, presence of diabetes mellitus and cholelithiasis. the disease is best treated with emergent surgery and parenteral antibiotics. we present the case of an 85-year-old nursing home resident who presented to our institution with a 3-day history of gradually worsening abdominal discomfort.201725685130
endoscopically visualized lesions, histologic findings, and bacterial invasion in the gastrointestinal mucosa of dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.etiology of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (hge) syndrome in dogs is unknown and histopathologic and microbial investigations have only been performed post mortem.201724205886
dynamics of microbial community during ensiling direct-cut alfalfa with and without lab inoculant and sugar.to gain deeper insights into the clostridial community dynamics and chemical transformations during the ensiling of alfalfa.201728370869
a combined clostridium perfringens/trueperella pyogenes inactivated vaccine induces complete immunoprotection in a mouse model.clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) and trueperella pyogenes (t. pyogenes) are two bacterial pathogens frequently associated with wound infections and following lethal complications in livestock. however, prudent use of antimicrobial agents is highly required given the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of both bacteria and need for food safety. in the current study, a combined vaccine, composed of inactivated c. perfringens and t. pyogenes, was prepared. the amount of formaldehyde be ...201728427828
the effects of probiotic bacillus subtilis on the cytotoxicity of clostridium perfringens type a in caco-2 cell culture.some bacillus strains have recently been identified for potential use as probiotics and food additives. the present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of bacillus subtilis atcc 6633 and its metabolite on the enterotoxin and vegetative cells, spore and germinated spore of clostridium perfringens type a in caco-2 cells.201728676033
a rapid qualitative assay for detection of clostridium perfringens in canned food products.clostridium perfringens (mtcc 1349) is a gram-positive, anaerobic, endospore forming, and rod-shaped bacterium. this bacterium produces a variety of toxins under strict anaerobic environment. c. perfringens can grow at temperatures ranging between 20°c and 50°c. it is the major causetive agent for gas gangrene, cellulitis, septicemia, necrotic enteritis and food poisoning, which are common toxin induced conditions noted in human and animals. c. perfringens can produce produce four major types of ...201728600908
use of bacillus subtilis pb6 as a potential antibiotic growth promoter replacement in improving performance of broiler birds.the intestinal gut health is one of the primary determinants of broiler growth and performance. among the various enteric diseases, necrotic enteritis (ne) is an enterotoxemic disease caused by clostridium perfringens, which can result in severe economic losses in poultry farming. antibiotics like bacitracin methylene disalicylate (bmd) and avilamycin (avl) are commonly used antibiotic growth promoters (agp) in poultry feed to control necrotic enteritis in birds. bacillus subtilis pb6 was report ...201728482065
in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity of new probiotic culture against clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens.genus clostridium accompanies more than 200 known species and at least 30 among them are associated with human and animal diseases. at the moment, the treatment of clostridial infections is based on use of antibiotics. however, due to the european ban on the use of antibiotics in livestock production, novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of these hardly curable infections have been evaluated. hence, in this study the antimicrobial effect of newly designed probiotic culture consisted of nat ...201728477627
effects of liposomal-curcumin on five opportunistic bacterial strains found in the equine hindgut - preliminary study.the horse intestinal tract is sensitive and contains a highly complex microbial population. a shift in the microbial population can lead to various issues such as inflammation and colic. the use of nutraceuticals in the equine industry is on the rise and curcumin is thought to possess antimicrobial properties that may help to minimize the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria.201728638626
assessment of cultivable oral bacterial flora from important venomous snakes of india and their antibiotic susceptibilities.snakebite is a common, frequently devastating, occupational, socio-economic hazard, and it has a great impact on the rural population of india. snakebite is a major cause of the human morbidity and mortality since ancient times, as it not only affects the victim by systemic envenomation but also by wound infections originating from deadly pathogenic microorganisms from the oral cavity of the offending snake. the pathogens from the oral cavity of the snake tend to initiate an infection, resulting ...201728733908
antimicrobial resistance in bacterial poultry pathogens: a review.antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and amr in animal production is one of its contributing sources. poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. antimicrobial resistant poultry pathogens may result in treatment failure, leading to economic losses, but also be a s ...201728848739
inhibition of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin by β-cyclodextrin derivatives.clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) is considered as one of the most dangerous potential biological weapons. the goal of this work was to identify inhibitors of etx using a novel approach for the inactivation of pore-forming toxins. the approach is based on the blocking of the target pore with molecules having the same symmetry as the pore itself. about 200 various β-cyclodextrin derivatives were screened for inhibitors of etx activity using a colorimetric cell viability assay. several c ...201728750897
disruption in the cecal microbiota of chickens challenged with clostridium perfringens and other factors was alleviated by bacillus licheniformis supplementation.clostridium perfringens can induce necrotic enteritis of chickens, which causes large economic losses every year. bacillus licheniformis, a probiotic, can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as clostridium perfringens, thereby improving the health status of chickens. however, from a microbial ecology perspective, the mechanisms by which alterations to the gut microbiota improve health remain unknown. in this study, we used illumina miseq sequencing to investigate the cecal microbiota ...201728771569
bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by clostridium perfringens.1. the objective was to investigate the effects of bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall (ycw) and their combination on intestinal health of broilers challenged by clostridium perfringens over a 21-d period. 2. using a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, 800 1-d-old male cobb 500 broilers were used to study the effects of feed additives (without additive or with zinc bacitracin, b. subtilis, ycw, and the combination of b. subtilis and ycw), pathogen challenge (without or with clostridium per ...201728841050
disinfection of various bacterial pathogens using novel silver nanoparticle-decorated magnetic hybrid colloids.silver nanoparticles (agnps) have long been considered a powerful disinfectant for controlling pathogenic microorganisms. however, agnps might have adverse effects on both human health and our ecosystems due to their potential cytotoxicity and the difficulty in recovering them after their release into the environment. in this study, we characterized the antimicrobial efficacy caused by a novel micrometer-sized magnetic hybrid colloid (mhc) containing 7, 15, or 30nm sized monodispersed agnps (agn ...201728753503
gut dysbiosis following c-section instigates higher colonisation of toxigenic clostridium perfringens in infants.herein we investigated the intestinal carriage of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens during infancy, focusing on its association with other gut microbes and mode of delivery and feeding. faecal samples from 89 healthy term infants were collected at age 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years. c. perfringens was quantified by qpcr; other gut bacteria were quantified by reverse-transcription-qpcr. alpha-toxigenic c. perfringens was detected in 3.4% infants at day 7 but ...201728504574
[effect of silver nanoparticles on anaerobic bacteria].the aim was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on anaerobic bacteria.201728467592
isolation and characterization of a non-specific lipid transfer protein from chelidonium majus l. latex.plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are small basic proteins, which mostly play a role in intracellular lipid transport and antimicrobial defense. recently it was shown using shotgun proteomic approach that the whole plant extract of chelidonium majus l. (papaveraceae) contains relatively abundant nsltps. therefore the aim of the work was to isolate and characterize nsltp from c. majus latex. results obtained using pcr approach with degenerate primers showed the presence of nsltp ...201728619636
clostridium perfringens and c. difficile in parvovirus-positive dogs.the aim of this study was to investigate clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in 82 diarrheic dogs positive for canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv). enterotoxigenic c. perfringens type a was isolated from three (3.6%) dogs. one (1.2%) strain was also positive for nete- and netf-encoding genes, which are commonly associated with diarrhea in dogs. toxigenic c. difficile was isolated from one animal (1.2%), which was also positive for a/b toxins. the present study identified c. difficile an ...201728733230
discovery of a novel lantibiotic nisin o from blautia obeum a2-162, isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract.a novel lanc-like sequence was identified from the dominant human gut bacterium blautia obeum strain a2-162. this sequence was extended to reveal a putative lantibiotic operon with biosynthetic and transport genes, two sets of regulatory genes, immunity genes, three identical copies of a nisin-like lana gene with an unusual leader peptide, and a fourth putative lana gene. comparison with other nisin clusters showed that the closest relationship was to nisin u. b. obeum a2-162 demonstrated antimi ...201728857034
data from a survey of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile shedding by dogs and cats in the madrid region (spain), including phenotypic and genetic characteristics of recovered isolates.this article contains information related to a recent survey of the prevalence of fecal shedding of clostridium perfringens and c. difficile by dogs and cats attended in veterinary clinics located in the madrid region (spain). specifically, we provide detailed information about the clinics that participated in the survey, the demographic and clinic characteristics of recruited animals and the genetic and phenotypic characteristics (including antimicrobial susceptibility data), of recovered bacte ...201728795086
prevalence and characteristics of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile in dogs and cats attended in diverse veterinary clinics from the madrid region.despite extensive research on the epidemiology of pathogenic clostridia in dogs and cats, most published studies focus on a selected animal population and/or a single veterinary medical centre. we assessed the burden of clostridium perfringens and c. difficile shedding by small animals in 17 veterinary clinics located within the madrid region (spain) and differing in size, number and features of animals attended and other relevant characteristics. in addition, we studied the genetic diversity an ...201728687280
dipping into the clostridium difficile pool: are alcohol-based dispensers fomites for c difficile?the purpose of this study was to evaluate alcohol-based dispensers as potential fomites for clostridium difficile. a convenience sample of 120 alcohol-based dispensers was evaluated for the presence of c difficile either by culture or polymerase chain reaction for c difficile toxin. the results demonstrated that c difficile was not cultured, and c difficile toxin was not detected using polymerase chain reaction; however, gram-positive rods, clostridium perfringens, pantoea agglomerans, coagulase ...201728596022
cellular entry of clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and clostridium botulinum c2 toxin.clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and clostridium botulinum c2 toxin are composed of two non-linked proteins, one being the enzymatic component and the other being the binding/translocation component. these latter components recognize specific receptors and oligomerize in plasma membrane lipid-rafts, mediating the uptake of the enzymatic component into the cytosol. enzymatic components induce actin cytoskeleton disorganization through the adp-ribosylation of actin and are responsible for cell r ...201728800062
microbiological assessment of honey in méxico.honey is a product used as a natural sweetener and in several regions of mexico and other countries it is also used as a therapeutic agent. microbiological contamination of honey can occur during its extraction and handling. due to the use and consumption of honey we highlighted here the importance of the assessment of its microbiological quality. one thousand nine hundred twenty samples obtained from 8 honey-producing states from mexico were analyzed. from these samples, 40.5% (777/1920) did no ...201728822595
establishment of valnemulin susceptibility breakpoint against clostridium perfringens in rabbits.susceptibility breakpoints provide fundamental information for rational administration of antibiotics. the present investigation reports the first valnemulin susceptibility breakpoint (mic<0.25 μg/ml) against clostridium perfringens infections in rabbits based on the wild-type cutoff (cowt) and the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) cutoff (copd). the established susceptibility breakpoint of valnemulin might be useful in resistance surveillance of pleuromutilins and development of clinical ...201728801120
acute effect of pore-forming clostridium perfringens ε-toxin on compound action potentials of optic nerve of mouse.ε-toxin is a pore forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d. it is synthesized as a less active prototoxin form that becomes fully active upon proteolytic activation. the toxin produces highly lethal enterotoxaemia in ruminants, has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and specifically binds to myelinated fibers. we discovered that the toxin induced a release of atp from isolated mice optic nerves, which are composed of myelinated fibers that are extended from ...201728798954
abdominal aortic aneurysm in the setting of clostridium perfringens pancreatitis.we report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with worsening abdominal pain located in the left upper quadrant together with abdominal distention, nausea and anorexia. one month prior to this admission, she had presented and had been diagnosed with concurrent acute pancreatitis and rapidly expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm. the aneurysm was prioritised over the pancreatitis and she underwent uncomplicated endovascular repair. cross-sectional imaging was consistent with infected pancrea ...201728790092
clostridium perfringens related spleen gangrene. 201728785881
periurban outbreaks of bovine calf scours in northern india caused by cryptosporidium in association with other enteropathogens.bovine calf scours reported to be caused by multiple aetiologies resulting in heavy mortality in unweaned calves and huge economic loss to the dairy farmers. among these, cryptosporidiosis is an emerging waterborne zoonoses and one of the important causes of neonatal calf diarrhoea. poor immune response coupled with primary cryptosporidial infections predispose neonatal calves to multiple secondary infections resulting in their deaths. in the present study, faecal samples from 100 diarrhoeic cal ...201728784188
clostridium perfringens necrotizing fasciitis with massive hemolysis. 201728782816
gut microbiomes of free-ranging and captive namibian cheetahs: diversity, putative functions, and occurrence of potential pathogens.although the significance of the gut microbiome for host health is well acknowledged, the impact of host traits and environmental factors on the inter-individual variation of gut microbiomes of wildlife species is not well understood. such information is essential, however, since changes in the composition of these microbial communities beyond the natural range might cause dysbiosis leading to increased susceptibility to infections. we examined the potential influence of sex, age, genetic relate ...201728782134
supplemental thymol and carvacrol increases ileum lactobacillus population and reduces effect of necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringes in chickens.necrotic enteritis (ne) caused by clostridium perfringens is one of the most detrimental infectious diseases in poultry. this study examined the effect of blends of essential oils (beos) (25% thymol and 25% carvacrol) on ne and bacterial dynamics and functions in chicks challenged with c. perfringens. chicks were assigned to a control diet and beos diet (control diet + 120 mg/kg beos), were challenged with c. perfringens from days 14 to 20 and were killed on day 21 for assessment. supplementatio ...201728779076
effects of chilled-then-frozen storage (up to 52weeks) on lamb m. longissimus lumborum quality and safety parameters.this study evaluated the effect of chilled followed by frozen storage on lamb quality and safety parameters. experimental (n=360) m. longissimus lumborum (ll) were randomly sampled from the boning room of a commercial australian abattoir, at 24 h post-mortem, and assigned to five chilled storage periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) and six subsequent frozen storage periods (0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 52 weeks). upon completion of each storage treatment combination, corresponding ll were sub-sectioned and a ...201728772193
effects of clostridium perfringens iota toxin in the small intestine of mice.iota toxin is a binary toxin solely produced by clostridium perfringens type e strains, and is structurally related to cdt from c. difficile and cst from c. spiroforme. as type e causes hemorrhagic enteritis in cattle, it is usually assumed that associated diseases are mediated by iota toxin, although evidence in this regard has not been provided. in the present report, iota toxin intestinal effects were evaluated in vivo using a mouse model. histological damage was observed in ileal loops treat ...201728764997
increase in nitrite content and functionality of ethanolic extracts of perilla frutescens following treatment with atmospheric pressure plasma.this study investigated the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma (app) treatment on nitrite content and functionality of plant extracts. ethanolic extracts of perilla frutescens (eep) were prepared and treated with app for 60min. nitrite content increased from 0 to 45.8mg/l in eep after app treatment for 60min. antimicrobial activity of eep against clostridium perfringens and salmonella typhimurium was increased by app with no influence on antioxidative activity (p<0.05). lyophilized eep (leep) ...201728763985
discitis and clostridium perfringens bacteraemia.the authors present a case involving an 80-year-old man with infectious t10/t11 discitis on the background of a recent clostridium perfringens bacteraemia. this case report describes a case of probable c. perfringens discitis as further investigations failed to identify any causative agents. he was treated with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam to good effect, achieving favourable clinical outcome. diagnosis of discitis/osteomyelitis can often be delayed and mismanaged due to its non-specific ...201728747416
  201728745116
gas gangrene of different origin associated with clostridium perfringens type a in three patients simultaneously hospitalized in a single department of orthopedics and traumatology in poland.the objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of phenotypic and genetic similarity, determination of resistance profiles, detection of toxin-encoding genes and molecular typing of clostridium perfringens isolates originating from patients with gas gangrene. the study encompassed three patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene who were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of the kujawsko-pomorskie province in the same period of time between 8(th) ap ...201728735323
adhesion and invasion of clostridium perfringens type a into epithelial cells.clostridium perfringens is the causative agent for necrotic enteritis. it secretes the major virulence factors, and α- and netb-toxins that are responsible for intestinal lesions. the tpel toxin affects cell morphology by producing myonecrosis, but its role in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis is unclear. in this study, the presence of netb and tpel genes in c. perfringens type a strains isolated from chickens with necrotic enteritis, their cytotoxic effects and role in adhesion and invasio ...201728720432
clostridium perfringens's necrotizing acute pancreatitis: a case of success.the authors report a case of a 62-year-old man with upper abdominal pain with few hours of onset and vomits. the initial serum amylase was 2306 u/l. the first ct showed signs of a non-complicated acute pancreatitis. he suffered clinical deterioration and for this reason he was admitted on the intensive care unit where he progressed to multiple organ failure in <24 h. a new ct scan was performed that showed pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum. he underwent an exploratory laparotomy and pan ...201728702167
clostridium perfringens α-toxin impairs erythropoiesis by inhibition of erythroid differentiation.clostridium perfringens α-toxin induces hemolysis of erythrocytes from various species, but it has not been elucidated whether the toxin affects erythropoiesis. in this study, we treated bone marrow cells (bmcs) from mice with purified α-toxin and found that ter119(+) erythroblasts were greatly decreased by the treatment. a variant α-toxin defective in enzymatic activities, phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase, had no effect on the population of erythroblasts, demonstrating that the decrease in ...201728701754
highly sensitive sandwich immunoassay and immunochromatographic test for the detection of clostridial epsilon toxin in complex matrices.epsilon toxin is one of the four major toxins of clostridium perfringens. it is the third most potent clostridial toxin after botulinum and tetanus toxins and is thus considered as a potential biological weapon classified as category b by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). in the case of a bioterrorist attack, there will be a need for a rapid, sensitive and specific detection method to monitor food and water contamination by this toxin, and for a simple human diagnostic test. ...201728700661
genome analysis of clostridium perfringens isolates from healthy and necrotic enteritis infected chickens and turkeys.clostridium perfringens causes gastrointestinal diseases in both humans and domestic animals. type a strains expressing the netb toxin are the main cause of necrotic enteritis (ne) in chickens, which has remarkable impact on animal welfare and production economy in the international poultry industry. three pathogenicity loci neloc-1, -2 and -3 and a collagen adhesion gene cnaa have been found to be associated with ne in chickens, whereas the presence of these has not been investigated in disease ...201728693615
orally administered recombinant lactobacillus casei vector vaccine expressing β-toxoid of clostridium perfringens that induced protective immunity responses.clostridium perfringens types b and c cause enteritis and enterotoxemia in animals. the conventional vaccine production systems need time-consuming detoxification and difficult quality control steps. in this study, a modified β-toxoid gene was synthesized, cloned into the pt1nx vector, and electroporated into lactobacillus casei competent cells to yield l. casei-β recombinant strain. surface expression of the recombinant β-toxoid was evaluated by elisa and confirmed by immunofluorescence microsc ...201728672254
characterization of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from healthy and necrotic enteritis-afflicted broiler chickens.necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important enteric disease in poultry, and clostridium perfringens (cp) type a strains are the primary etiology. ne is responsible for annual losses of us $6 billion to the poultry industry in the united states. an increase in the incidence of ne has been also associated with withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry feed. in this study, cp strains isolated from healthy and ne-afflicted birds were characterized microbiologically and molecularly, and thei ...201728665720
skin infection caused by a novel strain of staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a siberian husky dog owner.introduction.staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an opportunistic pathogen of dogs and cats, is rarely reported to cause infection in humans. here, we describe a case of severe skin infection caused by s. pseudintermedius, in a 47-year-old male, a dog owner; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case reported from scotland. case presentation. the patient presented with a short history of a severe ecthyma-like lesion on his forehead, with smaller lesions on his abdomen and legs. bacte ...201728663821
a fast and inexpensive protocol for empirical verification of neutralizing epitopes in microbial toxins and enzymes.in vivo targeting of peptides to antigen-presenting cells by use of agonistic anti-cd40 monoclonal antibodies has been used successfully as an immune response enhancing strategy. when tested in chickens, the antibody-guided platform was capable of inducing specific igg production within 1 week postimmunization. however, use of this method beyond its initial conception as a vaccine delivery tool has not been fully exploited. in this study, clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was used as a model m ...201728660200
antibody against microbial neuraminidases recognizes human sialidase 3 (neu3): the neuraminidase/sialidase superfamily revisited.neuraminidases (nas) are critical virulence factors for several microbial pathogens. with a highly conserved catalytic domain, a microbial na "superfamily" has been proposed. we previously reported that murine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) sialidase activity was important in leukocyte trafficking to inflamed sites and that antibodies to clostridium perfringens na recognized a cell surface molecule(s), presumed to be a sialidase of eukaryotic origin on interleukin-8-stimulated human and murin ...201728655817
prevalence of clostridium perfringens toxin in patients suspected of having antibiotic-associated diarrhea.although clostridium perfringens has been reported as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (aad), it is uncommon to detect this pathogen in clinical microbiology laboratories in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of c. perfringens toxin in patients suspected of having aad.201728655582
nanr regulates nani sialidase expression by clostridium perfringens f4969, a human enteropathogenic strain.clostridium perfringens can produce up to three different sialidases, including nani, its major exosialidase. the current study first showed that human intestinal strains of c. perfringens can grow by utilizing either glucose or sialic acids, such as n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac), which are the end products of sialidase activity. for the human enteropathogenic strain f4969, it was then determined that culture supernatant sialidase activity and expression of exosialidase genes, particularly na ...201728652312
emissions of volatile odorous metabolites by clostridium perfringens - in vitro study using two broth cultures.an in vitro study was carried out to investigate the volatile odorous metabolites produced by necrotic enteritis inducing clostridium perfringens (cp) type a field strain (ehe-ne18) cultured in two broth media (thioglycollate broth, brain heart infusion broth) at three levels (0, 103 cfu/ml, 106 cfu/ml) using 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with each replicated three times. the culture media with and without cp was freshly prepared on the day of measurement and the culture headspace c ...201728651342
severe hemolysis after plasma transfusion in a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis, clostridium perfringens infection, and red blood cell t-polyagglutination.red blood cell (rbc) thomsen-friedenreich antigen exposure (t activation) in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) has occasionally been associated with posttransfusional intravascular hemolysis thought to be due to anti-t antibodies in the donor plasma.201728643465
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of cyadox against clostridium perfringens in swine.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of cyadox against clostridium perfringens in swine and optimize the dosage regimen using ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (pk-pd) modeling. after oral administration, the ileum fluid of pigs containing the free cyadox was collected by implanted ultrafiltration probes. the tmax, auc24h, and cl/f of free cyadox in the ileum fluid were 1.96 h, 106.40 μg/h/ml, and 0.27 l/kg/h, respectively. cyadox displayed a concentration-dependent killi ...201728642571
there may be more than meets the eye with clostridium perfringens bacteremia.we present the case of an 89-year-old man with a 1 month history of fevers and fatigue. blood cultures were positive for clostridium perfringens. the patient had worsening abdominal distension in which an abdominal computed tomography scan uncovered a colonic mass, and further work-up revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. the patient was treated with antibiotics, but unfortunately, given his age and the new malignancy, he was discharged to hospice care. the association between clostridi ...201728638580
a ccpe-based xenon biosensor for magnetic resonance imaging of claudin-expressing cells.the majority of malignant tumors originate from epithelial cells, and many of them are characterized by an overexpression of claudins (cldns) and their mislocalization out of tight junctions. we utilized the c-terminal claudin-binding domain of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (ccpe), with its high affinity to specific members of the claudin family, as the targeting unit for a claudin-sensitive cancer biosensor. to overcome the poor sensitivity of conventional relaxivity-based magnetic resona ...201728636798
structural characterization of wall and lipidated polysaccharides from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124.cell surface polysaccharides produced by c. perfringens atcc 13124 were analyzed using nmr, chemical and immunological methods. two distinct polymers were identified. the more abundant ps1 had a structure based on a polymer of β-mannosamine with a number of modifications, including varying levels of substitution at o-6 with petn, n-acetylation, and different linkages between monosaccharides. the shortest variant of ps1 represented a lipoteichoic acid. it contained only 1-4-linkages between manna ...201728628892
recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing clostridium perfringens toxoids α, β2, ε and β1 gives protection against clostridium perfringens in rabbits.the present study used lactobacillus casei atcc 393 as antigen delivery system to express c. perfringens toxoids α-β2-ε-β1 to construct the recombination lactobacillus casei ppg-2-α-β2-ε-β1/l. casei 393. after being induced by 1% xylose, the specificity and integrity of recombinant strain were determined by western-blotting. rabbits as native animal model were immunized orally with ppg-2-α-β2-ε-β1/l. casei 393 and the titers of specific igg and siga were determined by elisa. the result showed th ...201728625525
a cross-sectional field study on potential associations between feed quality measures and usage of antimicrobials in commercial mink (neovison vison).feed quality is generally assumed to affect health status in animal production. in previous studies, the feed producer has been found to affect the occurrence of gastrointestinal disease and antimicrobial use in mink (neovison vison). mink are fed with moist, freshly produced feed, based on perishable ingredients. the objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of specific feed parameters on antimicrobial use on herd level. the study was cross-sectional, including 1472 mink h ...201728622792
crystal structures of claudins: insights into their intermolecular interactions.claudins are four-transmembrane proteins that constitute the backbone of tight junction strands via self-polymerization in the apicolateral membranes of epithelial cells. together with their cell-cell adhesion function, claudin proteins form the paracellular barrier and/or channels through epithelial cell sheets whose permeability is primarily dependent on the claudin subtype. recently determined crystal structures of several claudins revealed the unique claudin fold of four transmembrane helice ...201728605828
complete genome sequence of clostridium perfringens cba7123 isolated from a faecal sample from korea.clostridium perfringens is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes necrotic enteritis, mild diarrhea, clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene, sepsis, etc. in this study, we aim to determine the pathogenesis of this bacterium at the genomic level. the genome of strain cba7123 was sequenced, and a comparative genomic analysis between strain cba7123 and four other related c. perfringens strains was performed.201728588654
the impact of fruit and soybean by-products and amaranth on the growth of probiotic and starter microorganisms.the ability of different fruit by-products, okara, and amaranth flour, to support the growth of probiotic and non-probiotic strains was evaluated. the tests were conducted with three commercial starter cultures (streptococcus thermophilus), ten probiotic strains (seven lactobacillus spp. and three bifidobacterium spp. strains), and two harmful bacteria representative of the intestinal microbiota (escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens). in vitro fermentability assays were performed using a ...201728578060
isolation of bacteria from diabetic foot ulcers with special reference to anaerobe isolation by simple two-step combustion technique in candle jar.although polymicrobial infections involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are very common in diabetic foot ulcers, in many centres of developing countries, anaerobes are rarely isolated due to technical difficulties. this can be overcome by using a new simple, innovative technique of a combination of candle combustion and use of acidified copper-coated steel wool, as reported here.201728574021
recurring necrotic enteritis outbreaks in commercial broiler chicken flocks strongly influence toxin gene carriage and species richness in the resident clostridium perfringens population.extensive use of antibiotic growth promoters (agps) in food animals has been questioned due to the globally increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. for the poultry industry, digestive health management following agp withdrawal in europe has been a challenge, especially the control of necrotic enteritis. much research work has focused on gut health in commercial broiler chicken husbandry. understanding the behavior of clostridium perfringens in its ecological niche, the poultry barn, is key ...201728567032
claudin 4-targeted nanographene phototherapy using a clostridium perfringens enterotoxin peptide-photosensitizer conjugate.in this study we designed a claudin 4-directed dual photodynamic and photothermal system, in which a 30-amino acid claudin 4-binding peptide, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), was linked to a photodynamic agent chlorin e6 (ce6) through a polyethylene glycol spacer (cpc) and anchored onto reduced graphene oxide (rgo) nanosheets to form cpc/rgo nanosheets. for comparison, a conjugate of polyethylene glycol and ce6 (pc) was anchored onto the rgo nanosheets to generate pc/rgo. both pc and c ...201728552914
expression of deleted, atoxic atypical recombinant beta2 toxin in a baculovirus system and production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.clostridium perfringens is an important animal and human pathogen that can produce more than 16 different major and minor toxins. the beta-2 minor toxin (cpb2), comprising atypical and consensus variants, appears to be involved in both human and animal enterotoxaemia syndrome. the exact role of cpb2 in pathogenesis is poorly investigated, and its mechanism of action at the molecular level is still unknown because of the lack of specific reagents such as monoclonal antibodies against the cpb2 pro ...201728545467
angubindin-1, a novel paracellular absorption enhancer acting at the tricellular tight junction.a limiting barrier for mucosal absorption of drugs is the tight junction (tj). tjs exist between two adjacent cells (bicellular tj, btj) and at the sites where three cells meet (tricellular tj, ttj). we present a novel approach which employs a physiologically regulated pathway for the passage of large molecules through the ttj. main barrier-relevant ttj proteins are tricellulin and angulin-1 to -3. we developed an angulin binder from clostridium perfringens iota-toxin (ib) whose receptor is angu ...201728528740
addition of exogenous enzymes to diets containing grape pomace: effects on intestinal utilization of catechins and antioxidant status of chickens.grape pomace (gp) is a rich source of polyphenols with antioxidant capacity. an experiment was conducted to study the effect of gp phenolic compounds included at 5 and 10%, and the addition (individually or combined) of hydrolyzing enzymes (carbohydrase enzyme complex and tannase at 500ppm) on intestinal utilization of catechins and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. a diet supplemented with 200ppm of α-tocopheryl acetate was also used. our findings demonstrate the capacity of chickens to d ...201728528103
molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of clostridium perfringens type a isolates from humans, animals, fish and their environment.the study was aimed to characterize, and determine antibiogram of c. perfringens type a isolated from the feces of human and animal diarrhoeal cases, as well as healthy animals, meat of pigs and goats, gills and intestine of fish and samples from fish pond. a total of 460 samples, including human diarrhoeal cases (n = 130); diarrhoeal cases of pig (n = 52) and goat (n = 50); fecal samples from healthy pig (n = 50) and goat (n = 50); meat samples viz. pork meat (n = 52); goat meat (n = 50) and fi ...201728526496
differentially expressed jak-stat signaling pathway genes and target micrornas in the spleen of necrotic enteritis-afflicted chicken lines.the jak signal transducer and stat signaling pathway is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, motility, apoptosis, immune response, and development. in this study, we used rna-sequencing, qrt-pcr, and bioinformatics tools to investigate the differential expression of jak-stat pathway genes, their interactions, and regulators in the spleen of two genetically disparate chicken lines (marek's disease-resistant line 6.3 and md-susceptible line 7.2) induced necrotic ...201728525837
clostridium perfringens beta toxin dna prime-protein boost elicits enhanced protective immune response in mice.clostridium perfringens beta toxin (cpb) is the primary pathogenic factor responsible for necrotic enteritis in sheep, cattle and humans. owing to rapid progression of the disease, vaccination is the only possible recourse to avoid high mortality in animal farms and huge economic losses. the present study reports evaluation of a cpb gene-based dna vaccine encoding the beta toxin of c. perfringens with homologous as well as heterologous booster strategy. immunization strategy employing heterologo ...201728523396
clostridium perfringens - a bacterial pathogen gaining recognition in necrotizing pancreatitis.we report an interesting case of necrotizing pancreatitis due to clostridium perfringens in an elderly man who came to the hospital with complaints of severe abdominal pain. the infection further worsened with the dissemination to other internal organs. the patient did not show any improvement despite intensive care and treatment. this emphasizies the fact that early diagnosis and appropriate treatment would reduce the morbidity associated with necrotizing pancreatitis.201728522361
foodborne disease outbreaks in correctional institutions-united states, 1998-2014.to present the first update on the epidemiology of us foodborne correctional institution outbreaks in 20 years.201728520482
[fulminant course of a clostridium perfringens infection with pathognomonic ct finding].history and clinical findings a 74-year old woman was accepted by the emergency room with severe chest and abdominal pain. she complained about regurgitation after ingestion of food followed by sharp pain in her breast. investigations a first examination of the patient showed a tachypnoea und tachycardia up to 122 beats per minute, the body temperature measured on admission was 38.7 °c. due to hemolysis only a few of the requested parameters could be evaluated. crp was increased with 8.32 mg/dl. ...201728514823
dietary inclusion of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides in response to broilers challenged with subclinical necrotic enteritis.1. this study investigated the prebiotic properties of arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides (axos) produced both in situ and in vitro for their activity against the onset of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. 2. a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was applied, including necrotic enteritis challenge (challenged/unchallenged) and three dietary treatments from d 10 to 21. a wheat-soy commercial-type basal-grower diet was fed with 2% of the wheat proportion replaced by the same amount of either arabinoxylan ...201728481190
evaluation of plant-produced <i>clostridium perfringens</i> type d <i>epsilon</i> toxoid in a vaccine against enterotoxaemia in sheep.enterotoxaemia (pulpy kidney) is a common bacterial disease of sheep caused by clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin. it has mortality rates of up to 30% in non-vaccinated animals. current vaccines from whole cell cultures are expensive to manufacture and can induce local inflammatory responses in sheep. they usually have reduced immunogenicity because of the difficulty of standardising the inactivation step in vaccine manufacturing. in the current study, we evaluated the safety and poten ...201728470084
pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration and modeling of acetylkitasamycin in swine for clostridium perfringens.the aim of this study was to establish an integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) modeling approach of acetylkitasamycin for designing dosage regimens and decreasing the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. after oral administration of acetylkitasamycin to healthy and infected pigs at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weights (bw), a rapid and sensitive lc-ms/ms method was developed and validated for determining the concentration change of the major components of acetylkitasamycin and its po ...201728464333
effect of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin on gastric cancer cells sgc7901 which highly expressed claudin-4 protein.to investigate the effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) on gastric cancer cells which highly expressed claudin-4 (cl4) protein.201728451062
feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, reduce salmonella enteritidis in laying hens.salmonella enteritidis is vertically transmitted to eggs from laying hens through infected ovaries and oviducts. s. enteritidis can also penetrate the eggshell from contaminated feces. reducing s. enteritidis in laying hens is vital to provide safer eggs and minimize the spread of salmonellosis to humans. antibiotics have been widely used to control bacterial diseases in broilers and laying hens. however, there is a major concern that the use of antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic ...201728443073
avi-lution® supplemented at 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg in feed improves the growth performance of broiler chickens during challenge with bacitracin-resistant clostridium perfringens.avi-lution® is a defined, patented, synbiotic product containing saccharomyces cerevisiae, enterococcus faecium, and bacillus spp. broiler chickens (n = 1,250) were experimentally treated as uninoculated controls (ucon), inoculated controls (icon) with clostridium perfringens, or inoculated and treated with bacitracin methylene disalicylate (bmd) at 55 mg/kg as an infected/treated control or avi-lution® at 1.0 (avl1) or 2.0 (avl2) g/kg in feed for 42 d. each treatment was applied to 10 replicate ...201728431095
development of polyol-responsive antibody mimetics for single-step protein purification.the purification of functional proteins is a critical pre-requisite for many experimental assays. immunoaffinity chromatography, one of the fastest and most efficient purification procedures available, is often limited by elution conditions that disrupt structure and destroy enzymatic activity. to address this limitation, we developed polyol-responsive antibody mimetics, termed nanoclamps, based on a 16 kda carbohydrate binding module domain from clostridium perfringens hyaluronidase. nanoclamps ...201728428153
clostridium perfringens sepsis masquerading as a hemolytic transfusion reaction. 201728425609
post-ercp emphysematous cholecystitis in a young woman: a rare and potentially fatal complication.a 45-year-old woman with suspected functional biliary sphincter disorder (fbsd) developed clostridium perfringens related emphysematous cholecystitis after ercp. a low index of suspicion for emphysematous cholecystitis in this young, otherwise healthy woman led to a significant delay in making the correct diagnosis, and air in the gallbladder was wrongly attributed to a possible gallbladder perforation. ercp is associated with significant risks, particularly in patients with fbsd, where diagnost ...201728421150
characterization of protein-carbohydrate interactions by nmr spectroscopy.solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy can be used to monitor protein-carbohydrate interactions. two-dimensional (1)h-(15)n heteronuclear single quantum coherence (hsqc)-based techniques described in this chapter can be used quickly and effectively to screen a set of possible carbohydrate binding partners, to quantify the dissociation constant (k d) of any identified interactions, and to map the carbohydrate binding site on the structure of the protein. here, we describe th ...201728417366
improved antimicrobial effect of ginseng extract by heat transformation.the incidence of halitosis has a prevalence of 22-50% throughout the world and is generally caused by anaerobic oral microorganisms, such as fusobacterium nucleatum, clostridium perfringens, and porphyromonas gingivalis. previous investigations on the structure-activity relationships of ginsenosides have led to contrasting results. particularly, the antibacterial activity of less polar ginsenosides against halitosis-related bacteria has not been reported.201728413322
a recombinant probiotic, lactobacillus casei, expressing the clostridium perfringens α-toxoid, as an orally vaccine candidate against gas gangrene and necrotic enteritis.the alpha-toxin is one of the virulence factors of clostridium perfringens for gas gangrene in humans and animals or necrotic enteritis in poultry. the c-terminal domain of this toxin ( cpa 247-370 ) was synthesized and cloned into pt1nx vector to construct the pt1nx-alpha plasmid. this surface-expressing plasmid was electroporated into lactobacillus casei atcc 393, generating the recombinant l. casei strain expressing alpha-toxoid (lc-α strain). expression of this modified alpha-toxoid was conf ...201728401477
clostridium perfringens hip arthritis in a haemodialysis patient.haemodialysis patients have acquired immunity disturbances, co-morbidities and a vascular access, factors predisposing them to infection and bacteraemia. clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium potentially causing severe infections, including rarely septic arthritis. we report the first case of clostridium perfringens septic arthritis in a haemodialysis patient and suggest a haematogenous spread. after rapid joint lavage combined with appropriate anti-microbial therapy, the patient rec ...201622480041
bacterial contamination of fabric and metal-bead identity card lanyards: a cross-sectional study.in healthcare, fabric or metal-bead lanyards are universally used for carrying identity cards. however there is little information on microbial contamination with potential pathogens that may readily re-contaminate disinfected hands. we examined 108 lanyards from hospital staff. most grew skin flora but 7/108 (6%) had potentially pathogenic bacteria: four grew methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, and four grew probable fecal flora: 3 clostridium perfringens and 1 clostridium bifermenta ...201625151656
host cell-induced signaling causes clostridium perfringens to upregulate production of toxins important for intestinal infections.clostridium perfringens causes enteritis and enterotoxemia in humans and livestock due to prolific toxin production. in broth culture, c. perfringens uses the agr-like quorum sensing (qs) system to regulate production of toxins important for enteritis/enterotoxemia, including beta toxin (cpb), enterotoxin, and epsilon toxin (etx). the virs/virr two-component regulatory system (tcrs) also controls cpb production in broth cultures. both the agr-like qs and virs/virr systems are important when c. p ...201624061146
properties of reformulated hot dog sausage without added nitrites during chilled storage.the aim of this study was to assess the effect of a complete nitrite replacement strategy using celery, carmine, sodium lactate and orange dietary fibre combined with vitamins c and e, on the quality characteristics (technological, sensorial and safety properties) of hot dog sausages (five samples) during chilled storage (2 ± 1℃ 60 days). nitrite replacers (combined with vitamins c and e) presented antioxidant activity, reducing lipid oxidation in reformulated samples. at the end of storage redn ...201625480689
clostridium perfringens α-toxin impairs lipid raft integrity in neutrophils.clostridium perfringens type a, a gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium, causes gas gangrene. recently, we reported that c. perfringens α-toxin blocked neutrophil differentiation in an enzyme activity-dependent manner to impair host innate immunity, which should be crucial for the pathogenesis of c. perfringens. however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. lipid rafts have been reported to be platforms for signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in many different ...201627725448
characterization of germinants and their receptors for spores of non-food-borne clostridium perfringens strain f4969.clostridium perfringens type a can cause both food poisoning (fp) and non-food-borne (nfb) gastrointestinal diseases. our previous study reported that a mixture of l-asparagine and kcl (ak)-germinated spores of fp and nfb isolates well, but kcl and, to a lesser extent, l-asparagine induced spore germination only in fp isolates. we now report that the germination response of fp and nfb spores differsignificantly in several defined germinants and rich media. spores of nfb strain f4969 geraa, gerka ...201627692042
selection for pro-inflammatory mediators produces chickens more resistant to clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis.we developed a novel selection method based on an inherently high and low phenotype of pro-inflammatory mediators and produced "high" and "low" line chickens. we have shown high line birds are more resistant to salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis and eimeria tenella compared to the low line. clostridium perfringens is the fourth leading cause of bacterial-induced foodborne illness, and is also an economically important poultry pathogen and known etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis (ne). th ...201626706357
presence and characterization of pig group a and c rotaviruses in feces of belgian diarrheic suckling piglets.the importance of group a and c rotaviruses (rva and rvc) in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in belgian suckling pigs is poorly investigated, and it is not known which strains are circulating in the belgian suckling pig population. obtaining better insights in the occurrence of both viral species in the swine population is essential in order to develop accurate diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to protect suckling pigs against diarrhea in a durable manner. in the present study, vi ...201626677793
cloning, characterization, and production of three α-l-fucosidases from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124.α-l-fucosidases are key enzymes for the degradation of intestinal glycans by gut microbes. in this work, three putative α-l-fucosidases (afc1, afc2, and afc3) genes from clostridium perfringens atcc 13124 were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. afc1 had the α-l-fucosidase domain of glycoside hydrolase (gh) 29 family but showed no enzyme activity toward all the substrates examined. the putative acid/base residue of afc1, ser205, was replaced by a glutamic acid which is conserved in gh29-b ...201626663202
in vitro fermentation of xylooligosaccharides produced from miscanthus × giganteus by human fecal microbiota.purified xylooligosaccharides from miscanthus × giganteus (m×g xos) were used in an in vitro fermentation experiment inoculated with human fecal microbiota. a commercial xos product and pectin were used as controls. decreases in ph by 2.3, 2.4, and 2.0 units and production of short-chain fatty acids (scfa; acetic acid, 7764.2, 6664.1, and 6387.9 μmol/g; propionic acid, 1006.7, 1089.5, and 661.5 μmol/g; and butyric acid, 955.5, 1252.9, and 917.7 μmol/g) were observed in m×g xos, commercial xos, a ...201626648520
evaluation of three full-scale stormwater treatment systems with respect to water yield, pathogen removal efficacy and human health risk from faecal pathogens.in this study, three full-scale, operational stormwater harvesting systems located in melbourne, australia were evaluated with respect to water yields; pathogen removal performance by analysis of native surrogate data (escherichiacoli, somatic coliphages and clostridium perfringens); and potential human health risk associated with exposures to faecal pathogens using quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra). the water yield assessment confirmed variation between design and measured yields. f ...201626615487
diversity of clostridium perfringens isolates from various sources and prevalence of conjugative plasmids.clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen, causing food poisoning and other mild to severe infections in humans and animals. some strains of c. perfringens contain conjugative plasmids, which may carry antimicrobial resistance and toxin genes. we studied genomic and plasmid diversity of 145 c. perfringens type a strains isolated from soils, foods, chickens, clinical samples, and domestic animals (porcine, bovine and canine), from different geographic areas in the united states between 199 ...201626608548
integration of an innovative biological treatment with physical or chemical disinfection for wastewater reuse.in the present paper, the effectiveness of a sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor (sbbgr) and its integration with different disinfection strategies (uv irradiation, peracetic acid) for producing an effluent suitable for agricultural use was evaluated. the plant treated raw domestic sewage, and its performances were evaluated in terms of the removal efficiency of a wide group of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. the sbbgr resulted really efficient in removing suspended so ...201626584070
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