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a fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating holstein cow diets: ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions.the objective was to determine if supplementing a dairy cow diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme additive (econase rde; ab vista, marlborough, wiltshire, uk) altered fermentation, ph, and microbial populations in the rumen or enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions. in a companion study, this enzyme additive improved efficiency of fat-corrected milk production in a dose-dependent manner by up to 11% for early lactation dairy cows. nine ruminally cannulated, lactating holstein cows were used in a r ...201222365224
steele-richardson-olszewski syndrome. brain energy metabolism, blood flow and fluorodopa uptake measured by positron emission tomography.brain function was measured in 5 patients with clinically diagnosed steele-richardson-olszewski syndrome using positron emission tomography and tracers of dopamine metabolism, blood flow and oxygen metabolism. a global decrease in blood flow and oxygen utilization compared with normal values was found but the decrease was more marked in the frontal regions. the degree of impairment in oxygen utilization in the frontal region paralleled roughly the duration of the disease. blood flow was impaired ...20113133078
a comparison of two survey measures of health status.health service planning requires information on levels of health and illness in the population. surveys, such as the british general household survey (ghs) rely on self-reports of health, illness and restriction, but interpretation of results is problematic. multi-item measures such as the nottingham health profile (nhp) tap different aspects of health and allow respondents less freedom to define health and illness. in a survey of 1862 adults, health questions from the ghs and the nhp were used, ...20113175710
[sections in harnosand conducted a survey: we stick ourselves, get bitten and get blood on the skin]. 20113176627
modification of arachidonic metabolism by flavonoids.the pharmacological effects of many plants depend on their flavonoid constituents. this review is concerned with the influence of flavonoids on arachidonic metabolism as the possible mechanism of action of such natural products. special attention has been paid to structure-activity relationships since this knowledge may allow the synthesis of more potent and selective analogs with therapeutic applications.20113126368
[hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance as a cause of hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus: a review].in diabetic patients, fasting hyperglycaemia is attributed to both, reduced clearance by peripheral tissues and augmented endogenous glucose release. in normal-weight, non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, basal hepatic glucose production (hgp) was determined by means of tracer kinetic analysis. hgp was enhanced to 3.00 +/- 0.20 mg/kg x min as compared to 1.90 +/- 0.05 in healthy, non-diabetic subjects, even though hyperglycaemia and fasting hyperinsulinaemia prevailed. hgp correlated positiv ...20113296467
patterns of drug usage in colonial america. 20113550544
Substrate binding in protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatases.Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatases are microbial enzymes that catalyze the stepwise removal of one or more phosphates from highly phosphorylated myo-inositols via a relatively ordered pathway. In order to understand the substrate specificity and kinetic mechanism of these enzymes we have determined high resolution, single crystal, X-ray crystallographic structures of inactive Selenomonas ruminantium phyA in complex with myo-inositol hexa- and penta-kisphosphate. These ...201122139834
characterization of lateral flagella of selenomonas ruminantium.selenomonas ruminantium produces a tuft of flagella near the midpoint of the cell body and swims by rotating the cell body along the cell's long axis. the flagellum is composed of a single kind of flagellin, which is heavily glycosylated. the hook length of s. ruminantium is almost double that of salmonella.201121335384
cadaverine covalently linked to the peptidoglycan serves as the correct constituent for the anchoring mechanism between the outer membrane and peptidoglycan in selenomonas ruminantium.in selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic and gram-negative bacterium, cadaverine covalently linked to the peptidoglycan is required for the interaction between the peptidoglycan and the s-layer homologous (slh) domain of the major outer membrane protein mep45. here, using a series of diamines with a general structure of nh(3)(+)(ch(2))(n)nh(3)(+) (n = 3 to 6), we found that cadaverine (n = 5) specifically serves as the most efficient constituent of the peptidoglycan in acquiring the high ...201121398553
engineering lower inhibitor affinities in β-d: -xylosidase of selenomonas ruminantium by site-directed mutagenesis of trp145.β-d: -xylosidase/α-l: -arabinofuranosidase from selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme reported for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-β-d: -xylooligosaccharides to d: -xylose. one property that could use improvement is its relatively high affinities for d: -glucose and d: -xylose (k (i) ~ 10 mm), which would impede its performance as a catalyst in the saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of biofuels and other value-added products. previously, we discovered that th ...201121528413
the effect of lipid supplements on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters varies with the fatty acid composition.a single flow continuous culture fermenter system was used in this study to investigate the influence of dietary lipid supplements varying in their fatty acid content on the dna concentration of selected rumen bacteria. four continuous culture fermenters were used in a 4×4 latin square design with four periods of 10 d each. treatment diets were fed at 45 g/d (dm basis) in three equal portions during the day. the diets were: 1) control (con), 2) control with animal fat source (sat), 3) control wi ...201121538241
populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions.the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. full-length 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) were quantified using specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) in fractionated ruminal samples from s ...201121822435
Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) adaptation and recovery on the density and diversity of bacteria in the rumen of dairy cows.Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is characterized by ruminal pH depression and microbial perturbation. The impact of SARA adaptation and recovery on rumen bacterial density and diversity was investigated following high-grain feeding. Four ruminally cannulated dairy cows were fed a hay diet, transitioned to a 65% grain diet for 3 weeks, and returned to the hay diet for 3 weeks. Rumen fluid, rumen solids, and feces were sampled during weeks 0 (hay), 1 and 3 (high grain), and 4 and 6 (hay). SARA wa ...201121692816
Evidence for the possible involvement of Selenomonas ruminantium in rumen fiber digestion.Selenomonas ruminantium strains were isolated from sheep rumen, and their significance for fiber digestion was evaluated. Based on the phylogenetic classification, two clades of S. ruminantium (clades I and II) were proposed. Clade II is newly found, as it comprised only new isolates that were phylogenetically distant from the type strain, while all of the known isolates were grouped in the major clade I. More than half of clade I isolates displayed CMCase activity with no relation to the degree ...201122092507
time-averaged concentration--time-averaged deviation: a new concept in mathematical assessment of dialysis adequacy. 20113147432
[nephro-colo-jejunal fistula. a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. 20102950500
cerebral perfusion pressure: a hemodynamic mechanism of mannitol and the postmannitol hemogram.sixteen patients each received infusions of 1 g of mannitol per kg over 5 to 10 minutes, and serial determinations of intracranial pressure (icp), systemic arterial blood pressure (sabp), central venous pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (cpp), hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum na+, k+, osmolarity, and fluid balance were carried out for 4 hours. urine output was replaced volume for volume with 5% dextrose in 0.45% nacl solution. we tested the hypothesis that patients with high (greater than or eq ...20103116451
[surgery in the treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer].the data on surgical and combined treatment of 52 cases of small cell lung cancer are presented and the end results are evaluated. the findings on survival time make the case for surgery as a component of combined treatment of tumor. the best results were obtained in cases of stage i and ii tumor, absence of metastases into intrathoracic lymph nodes, tumor invasion limited to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes or the root of the lung, intermediate cell pattern of small cell lung cancer and surgery fol ...20102998088
[management of degenerative changes in the femoro-patellar joint]. 20102863426
[a case of hepatocellular carcinoma with intratumoral gas formation detected by plain abdominal x-ray film]. 20102846919
[clinical trials in norway]. 20102916210
chemical derivatization of ca2+-pump protein from skeletal muscle with n-substituted maleimides and 5-(2-iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene 1-sulfonate. 20102976460
plural medicine in sri lanka: do ayurvedic and western medical practices differ?in sri lanka, as in india, two formally structured systems of medicine exist side by side. while western-style biomedicine is believed to be useful, ayurvedic medicine is well established and commonly used. underlying one explanation for the persistence of such plural medical systems is a functional theory, suggesting that each system is used for different treatments, diseases, or for the ideological, linguistic or social characteristics of the physician. in part, ayurvedic and western medicine ...20102976194
[2 cases of pneumoblastoma with pulmonary metastases responsive to chemotherapy]. 20102950479
treatment of the young child with postoperative central diabetes insipidus.a continuous intravenous infusion of aqueous vasopressin (dosage range, 1.0 to 3.0 mu/kg/h) was administered to two patients (respective ages, 2 weeks and 3 years 1 month) who had postoperative central diabetes insipidus to determine if this mode of therapy is helpful in the very young patient. in both patients the polyuria and serum hyperosmolality were corrected. these findings suggest that an intravenous infusion of aqueous vasopressin can provide satisfactory control of the polyuria and elec ...20102916492
bacterial diversity in the rumen of gayals (bos frontalis), swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and holstein cow as revealed by cloned 16s rrna gene sequences.libraries of rumen bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences of gayals (bos frontalis) and swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) were cloned and sequenced in the present work to compare the bacterial diversity with the third published library of holstein cow. sequence similarity of 97% was used as the definition of operational taxonomic unit (otu). the majority of the 470 sequences retrieved fell into the phyla of low g + c subdivision (329 sequences) and cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides (cfb, 123 sequence ...201019662514
dilution rates influence ammonia-assimilating enzyme activities and cell parameters of selenomonas ruminantium strain d in continuous (glucose-limited) culture.the objective of this study was to examine the effect of dilution rates (ds, varying from 0.05 to 0.42 h(-1)) in glucose-limited continuous culture on cell yield, cell composition, fermentation pattern and ammonia assimilation enzymes of selenomonas ruminantium strain d.201019702858
phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences reveals rumen bacterial diversity in yaks (bos grunniens).six matured male yaks (bos grunniens) with a mean live weight of 450 +/- 23 kg (mean +/- sd), were housed indoors in metabolism cages and fed pelleted lucerne (medicago sativum). after an adjustment period of 24 days of feeding the diet, samples of rumen content were obtained for analysis of the bacteria in the liquor. the diversity of rumen bacteria was investigated by constructing a 16s rrna gene clone library using the general bacterial primers f27 and r1492. a total of 130 clones, comprising ...201019757178
engineering lower inhibitor affinities in beta-d-xylosidase.beta-d-xylosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides to d-xylose residues. the enzyme, sxa from selenomonas ruminantium, is the most active catalyst known for the reaction; however, its activity is inhibited by d-xylose and d-glucose (k (i) values of approximately 10(-2) m). higher k (i)'s could enhance enzyme performance in lignocellulose saccharification processes for bioethanol production. we report here the development of a two-tier high-throughput screen where the 1 degrees screen ...201019921178
beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium: role of glutamate 186 in catalysis revealed by site-directed mutagenesis, alternate substrates, and active-site inhibitor.beta-d-xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme known for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d-xylooligosaccharides to d-xylose. catalysis and inhibitor binding by the gh43 beta-xylosidase are governed by the protonation states of catalytic base (d14, pka 5.0) and catalytic acid (e186, pka 7.2). biphasic inhibition by triethanolamine of e186a preparations reveals minor contamination by wild-type-like enzyme, the contaminant likely originating f ...201020127424
properties and applications of microbial beta-d-xylosidases featuring the catalytically efficient enzyme from selenomonas ruminantium.xylan 1,4-beta-d-xylosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of non-reducing end xylose residues from xylooligosaccharides. the enzyme is currently used in combination with beta-xylanases in several large-scale processes for improving baking properties of bread dough, improving digestibility of animal feed, production of d-xylose for xylitol manufacture, and deinking of recycled paper. on a grander scale, the enzyme could find employment alongside cellulases and other hemicellulases in hydrolyzing lignocell ...201020352422
structural instability of small rolling circle replication plasmids from selenomonas ruminantium.the complete nucleotide sequence of psrd192 plasmid from selenomonas ruminantium 19d has been obtained and analyzed. the plasmid, 2334bp in length, was shown to replicate by rolling circle replication mechanism. by pcr method variability of psrd192-like plasmids was investigated and another variant of psrd192-like plasmid; the psrm22 plasmid 2338bp in length; was detected and characterized. both psrd192 and psrm22 plasmids share an identical rep gene and origins of replication to that of another ...201020450933
effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) extract on volatile fatty acid production by rumen bacteria.to determine the effects of hops extract on in vitro volatile fatty acid (vfa) production by bovine rumen micro-organisms.201020456526
lactate dehydrogenase gene variability among predominant lactate utilizing ruminal bacteria.the inter- and intraspecies variability of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene was determined among the predominant ruminal lactate utilizing bacteria. nearly complete nucleotide sequences of ldh gene, encoding nad-dependent lactate dehydrogenase of three megasphaera elsdenii and six selenomonas ruminantium strains, were obtained and compared. phylogenetic analyses revealed a limited variability between the ldh sequences studied. the majority of differences observed were silent mutations at the 3rd ...201020680561
bacterial composting of animal fleshing generated from tannery industries.animal fleshing (anfl) is the major proteinaceous solid waste generated during the manufacture of leather, which requires to be disposed of by environmentally sound manner. this study reports about the treatment of anfl into an organic compost and its effects on physiological parameters of different crops in a laboratory study. the anfl was hydrolysed using selenomonas ruminantium hm000123 and then the hydrolysed anfl was mixed with cow dung and leaf litter for producing composted organic fertil ...201020727727
cadaverine covalently linked to peptidoglycan is required for interaction between the peptidoglycan and the periplasm-exposed s-layer-homologous domain of major outer membrane protein mep45 in selenomonas ruminantium.the peptidoglycan of selenomonas ruminantium is covalently bound to cadaverine (pg-cadaverine), which likely plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the cell surface structure. the outer membrane of this bacterium contains a 45-kda major protein (mep45) that is a putative peptidoglycan-associated protein. in this report, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the mep45 gene and investigated the relationship between pg-cadaverine, mep45, and the cell surface structure. amino ac ...201020851903
rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet.high-grain adaptation programs are widely used with feedlot cattle to balance enhanced growth performance against the risk of acidosis. this adaptation to a high-grain diet from a high-forage diet is known to change the rumen microbial population structure and help establish a stable microbial population within the rumen. therefore, to evaluate bacterial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet, 4 ruminally cannulated beef steers were adapted to a high-grain diet using a step-u ...201020851965
the effect of replacing corn with glycerol on ruminal bacteria in continuous culture fermenters.the effects of substituting corn with glycerol on dna concentration of selected ruminal bacteria were investigated using continuous fermenters. four continuous culture fermenters were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with four 10 days consecutive periods. treatment diets (60:40 forage to concentrate) were fed at 45 g/day dry matter (dm) in three equal portions. glycerol (0.995 g/g glycerol) was used to replace corn in a grain mix at proportions of 0% (t0; control), 15% (t15), 30% (t30) and 45 ...201020880288
newer agents for coronary thrombolysis. perspectives from clinical studies.myocardial infarction (mi) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in western countries and the formation of intracoronary thrombi is recognized as a critical determinant of this ischaemic event. since streptokinase and urokinase cause in vitro lysis of clots, it was though that these drugs were also effective in vivo in dissolving coronary thrombi. clinical studies supported this concept. however, the beneficial effects of these drugs were, to some extent, offset by their inherent adverse r ...20092664750
computereyes video image digitizer. 20092709974
[the primary care physician and the problems of aid to patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. 20092716378
biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by pure culture ruminal bacteria.twenty-one ruminal bacteria species were tested for their ability to degrade 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) within 24 h. butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, fibrobacter succinogenes, lactobacillus vitulinus, selenomonas ruminantium, streptococcus caprinus, and succinivibrio dextrinosolvens were able to completely degrade 100 mg/l tnt, with <5% of the original tnt recovered as diaminonitrotoluene metabolites. eubacterium ruminantium, lactobacillus ruminis, ruminobacter amylophilus, streptococcus bovis, and w ...200918839246
beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium: thermodynamics of enzyme-catalyzed and noncatalyzed reactions.beta-d-xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from selenomonas ruminantium is the most active enzyme known for catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d: -xylooligosaccharides to d-xylose. temperature dependence for hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside (4npx), 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (4npa), and 1,4-beta-d-xylobiose (x2) was determined on and off (k (non)) the enzyme at ph 5.3, which lies in the ph-independent region for k (cat) and k (non). rate enhancements (k (cat)/k (n ...200918953511
aminoalcohols as probes of the two-subsite active site of beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium.catalysis and inhibitor binding by the gh43 beta-xylosidase are governed by the protonation states of catalytic base (d14, pk(a) 5.0) and catalytic acid (e186, pk(a) 7.2) which reside in subsite -1 of the two-subsite active site. cationic aminoalcohols are shown to bind exclusively to subsite -1 of the catalytically-inactive, dianionic enzyme (d14(-)e186(-)). enzyme (e) and aminoalcohols (a) form e-a with the affinity progression: triethanolamine>diethanolamine>ethanolamine. e186a mutation raise ...200918973836
effects of the dicarboxylic acids malate and fumarate on e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica typhimurium populations in pure culture and in mixed ruminal microorganism fermentations.the dicarboxylic acids malate and fumarate increase ruminal ph, reduce methane production, increase propionate and total volatile fatty acid (vfa) production, and reduce lactic acid accumulation in a manner similar to ionophores. these acids stimulate the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium to ferment lactate to produce propionate. thus, dicarboxylic acids have been suggested as nonantibiotic modifiers of the ruminal fermentation, but their impact on ruminal microbial ecology remains unkno ...200919194750
molecular and biochemical characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the ruminal bacterium ruminococcus albus.molecular properties and transcriptional control of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pck; ec 4.1.1.32) in ruminococcus albus were examined. the putative 537-amino acid pck polypeptide has a predicted mass of 59.4 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.82. rt-pcr and northern blot analyses of pck mrna suggest that the transcript is monocistronic and that pck transcription is not affected by changes in sugar sources present in growth medium. pck enzymatic activity requires either mg(2+) or mn(2+) and ...200919194751
[isolation and in vitro metabolic characterization of a lactate-utilizing bacterium from goat rumen].a lactate-utilizing, propionate-producing bacterium, strain l9, was isolated from rumen of goat fed with high concentrate by utilizing modified hungate technique and anaerobic culture technique. the effect of the strain l9 culture on the rumen fermentation was further studied.200819271530
[arthrographic study on temporomandibular joint sounds. the relationship between morphology of articular disk and style, timing of temporomandibular joint sounds]. 20082637367
[simplification test in the choice of impression techniques for removable partial dentures]. 20082258231
two segments in bacterial antizyme p22 are essential for binding and enhance degradation of lysine/ornithine decarboxylase in selenomonas ruminantium.in selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic and gram-negative bacterium, the degradation of lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (ldc/odc) by atp-requiring protease(s) is accelerated by the binding of p22, which is a ribosomal protein of this strain. amino acid sequence alignment of s. ruminantium p22 with the l10 ribosomal proteins of gram-positive and -negative bacteria showed that p22 has a 5-residue k101nkld105 segment and an 11-residue g160virnavyvld170 segment, both of which are lacking in ...200817965150
the characterization of lactic acid producing bacteria from the rumen of dairy cattle grazing on improved pasture supplemented with wheat and barley grain.to identify and characterize the major lactic acid bacteria in the rumen of dairy cattle grazing improved pasture of rye grass and white clover and receiving a maize silage and grain supplement with and without virginiamycin.200818217928
occurrence of agmatine pathway for putrescine synthesis in selenomonas ruminatium.selenomonas ruminantium synthesizes cadaverine and putrescine from l-lysine and l-ornithine as the essential constituents of its peptidoglycan by a constitutive lysine/ornithine decarboxylase (ldc/odc). s. ruminantium grew normally in the presence of the specific inhibitor for ldc/odc, dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, when arginine was supplied in the medium. in this study, we discovered the presence of arginine decarboxylase (adc), the key enzyme in agmatine pathway for putrescine synthesis, i ...200818256468
a protein tyrosine phosphatase-like inositol polyphosphatase from selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica has specificity for the 5-phosphate of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate.although it is becoming well known that myo-inositol polyphosphates and the enzymes involved in their metabolism play a critical role in eukaryotic systems, little is understood of their significance in prokaryotic systems. a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptp)-like inositol polyphosphatase (ippase) gene has been cloned from selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica (phyasrl). the deduced amino acid sequence of phyasrl is most similar to a ptp-like ippase from the anaerobic bacterium s. ru ...200818358762
structure of the two-subsite beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium in complex with 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane.the three-dimensional structure of the catalytically efficient beta-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium in complex with competitive inhibitor 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane (btp) was determined by using x-ray crystallography (1.3a resolution). most h bonds between inhibitor and protein occur within subsite -1, including one between the carboxyl group of e186 and an n group of btp. the other n of btp occupies subsite +1 near k99. e186 (pk(a) 7.2) serves as catalytic acid. the ...200818374656
beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium: catalyzed reactions with natural and artificial substrates.catalytically efficient beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium (sxa) exhibits pk (a)s 5 and 7 (assigned to catalytic base, d14, and catalytic acid, e186) for k (cat)/k (m) with substrates 1,4-beta-d-xylobiose (x2) and 1,4-beta-d-xylotriose (x3). catalytically inactive, dianionic sxa (d14(-)e186(-)) has threefold lower affinity than catalytically active, monoanionic sxa (d14(-)e186(h)) for x2 and x3, whereas d14(-)e186(-) has twofold higher affinity than d14(-)e186(h) for 4-nitrophenyl-be ...200818421594
effect of ionic strength and oxidation on the p-loop conformation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like phytase, phyasr.the protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptp)-like phytase, phyasr, from selenomonas ruminantium is a novel member of the ptp superfamily, and the only described member that hydrolyzes myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate. in addition to the unique substrate specificity of phyasr, the phosphate-binding loop (p-loop) has been reported to undergo a conformational change from an open (inactive) to a closed (active) conformation upon ligand binding at low ionic strength. at high ionic strengths, the p ...200818573100
necessary corrections to the approved lists of bacterial names according to rule 40d (formerly rule 46). opinion 86.the judicial commission affirms that, according to rule 40d, formerly rule 46, of the bacteriological code, the authorship of a number of subspecies names included on the approved lists of bacterial names must be corrected. these names are acetobacter aceti subsp. aceti, acetobacter pasteurianus subsp. pasteurianus, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, mycobacterium chelonae subsp. chelonae, propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii, ...200818676492
genetic variability of rumen selenomonads.molecular diversity of rumen bacteria belonging to the species selenomonas ruminantium was evaluated by biochemical and pcr analyses targeted at the 16s rrna operon and lactate dehydrogenase gene. while extremely variable in metabolic characteristics, two different risa (ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis), and five lactate dehydrogenase gene rflp profiles were observed among the twelve strains studied. the strains showed very limited variability ardra ( amplified ribosomal dna restriction ana ...200818837167
beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium of glycoside hydrolase family 43.beta-d-xylosidase from the ruminal anaerobic bacterium, selenomonas ruminantium (sxa), catalyzes hydrolysis of beta-1,4-xylooligosacharides and has potential utility in saccharification processes. the enzyme, heterologously produced in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, has an isoelectric point of approx 4.4, an intact n terminus, and a stokes radius that defines a homotetramer. sxa denatures between ph 4.0 and 4.3 at 25 degrees c and between 50 and 60 degrees c at ph 5.3. following h ...200718478379
dominance of prevotella and low abundance of classical ruminal bacterial species in the bovine rumen revealed by relative quantification real-time pcr.relative quantification real-time pcr was used to quantify several bacterial species in ruminal samples from two lactating cows, each sampled 3 h after feeding on two successive days. abundance of each target taxon was calculated as a fraction of the total 16s rrna gene copies in the samples, using taxon-specific and eubacterial domain-level primers. bacterial populations showed a clear predominance of members of the genus prevotella, which comprised 42% to 60% of the bacterial rrna gene copies ...200717235560
kinetic and structural analysis of a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase-like myo-inositol polyphosphatase.phya from selenomonas ruminantium (phyasr), is a bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatase (ptp)-like inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (ippase) that is distantly related to known ptps. phyasr has a second substrate binding site referred to as a standby site and the p-loop (hcx5r) has been observed in both open (inactive) and closed (active) conformations. site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic and structural studies indicate phyasr follows a classical ptp mechanism of hydrolysis and has a broad sp ...200717567745
inhibition of the two-subsite beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium by sugars: competitive, noncompetitive, double binding, and slow binding modes.the active site of the gh43 beta-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium comprises two subsites and a single access route for ligands. steady-state kinetic experiments that included enzyme (e), inhibitory sugars (i and x) and substrate (s) establish examples of ei, eii, eix, and eis complexes. protonation states of catalytic base (d14, pk(a) 5) and catalytic acid (e186, pk(a) 7) govern formation of inhibitor complexes and strength of binding constants: e.g., eii, eix, and eis occur only with the ...200717588525
structure-function relationships of a catalytically efficient beta-d-xylosidase.beta-d-xylosidase from selenomonas ruminantium is revealed as the best catalyst known (kcat, kcat/km) for promoting hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-d-xylooligosaccharides. 1h nuclear magnetic resonance experiments indicate the family 43 glycoside hydrolase acts through an inversion mechanism on substrates 4-nitrophenyl- beta-d-xylopyranoside (4npx) and 1,4-beta-d-xylobiose (x2). progress curves of 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylobioside, xylotetraose and xylohexaose reactions indicate that one residue from the ...200717625266
variation in relative substrate specificity of bifunctional beta-d-xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase by single-site mutations: roles of substrate distortion and recognition.to probe differential control of substrate specificities for 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside (4npa) and 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside (4npx), residues of the glycone binding pocket of gh43 beta-d-xylosidase/alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from selenomonas ruminantium were individually mutated to alanine. although their individual substrate specificities (kcat/km)(4npx) and (kcat/km)(4npa) are lowered 330 to 280,000 fold, d14a, d127a, w73a, e186a, and h248a mutations maintain similar re ...200717689155
esorubicin in advanced endometrial cancer: an ineffective and potentially toxic therapy. a southwest oncology group study.the southwest oncology group conducted a phase ii study of esorubicin treatment in patients with advanced endometrial cancer who had received no prior chemotherapy. twenty of 31 patients were fully evaluable for response and toxicity. there were no clinical responses to treatment and 60% (12/20) of the patients developed severe or life threatening leukopenia on therapy. one evaluable patient was removed from study after a cumulative dose of 150 mg/m2 due to a reduction in left ventricular ejecti ...20071874602
[the electromyographic analysis of trembling hyperkinesis in wilson-konovalov's hepatocerebral dystrophy].global electromyography was applied in the examination of 20 patients with wilson-konovalov's hepatocerebral dystrophy before and after stereotaxic operations. the origin of volley muscular activity is explained on the basis of segmental reflexes known in neurophysiology: indirect relief of alpha-motoneurons from the primary terminals of the spindle, autogenous, recurrent and reciprocal inhibition of alpha-motoneurons.20072168651
[problem of clinico-roentgenological diagnosis of acute pneumonia in infants in their first few months of life].studies into the problems of diagnosing pneumonia in children of the first months of life carried out for many years have shown that pneumonia may be referred to the diseases with indefinite diagnostic criteria. in view of this fact the x-raying of the chest should be regarded as a method of varifying the diagnosis of pneumonia. the roentgenographic findings should be estimated bearing in mind the presence or lack of a syndrome such as bronchial obstruction and the epidemiological anamnesis data ...20072075041
neonatal nurse practitioners--a view from perfidious albion? 20061586193
[b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura].a 74-year-old japanese male was admitted because of anemia. hepatosplenomegaly, lymphoadenopathy, and purpura were not found. the laboratory data on admission revealed that the white-cell count was 9,400/microliters, the hemoglobin 11.1 g/dl, and the platelet count 17,000/microliters. platelet-associated igg was 794.2 ng/10(7) cells. the patient was diagnosed as having autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (atp) at this time. he was treated with prednisolone, but his thrombocytopenia not improve. ...20061635169
development and behavior: older children and adolescents. 20061574349
australia's most pressing social problem: nursing vs non-nursing students' views.nursing and non-nursing students (n = 297) were surveyed in 1989 for their opinion of 'australia's most pressing social problem'. significant differences were found between the two groups. although race relations in australia headed the concerns of both groups of students, nursing students consistently chose health-related issues as their choices for 'the most pressing social problem' facing the australian nation. several explanations for this 'focused' interest of nursing students are discussed ...20061538676
adaptive changes in the developing brain during intrauterine stress.maturation of neurological performance in moderately to severely growth-retarded newborn infants (sga) can be accelerated by 3 to 4 weeks or more when compared to the development of appropriately grown infants (aga) of the same gestation. this is particularly the case in multiple pregnancies or pregnancies characterized by maternal hypertension. this clinical finding has been confirmed by neurophysiological studies on the maturation of brainstem auditory evoked responses (baers). the possible me ...20061892222
characterization of a counterpart to mammalian ornithine decarboxylase antizyme in prokaryotes.the degradation of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase (odc) (ec 4.1.1.17) by 26 s proteasome, is accelerated by the odc antizyme (az), a trigger protein involved in the specific degradation of eukaryotic odc. in prokaryotes, az has not been found. previously, we found that in selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic and gram-negative bacterium, a drastic degradation of lysine decarboxylase (ldc; ec 4.1.1.18), which has decarboxylase activities toward both l-lysine and l-ornithine with simila ...200616354653
spreading and mutability of selenomonas ruminantium plasmids.two small plasmids from selenomonas ruminantium strain 19d were cloned in escherichia coli and completely characterized. sequence comparison indicated that the plasmids are similar to those reported in genetically vaguely related s. ruminantium strain s20. small 1.4-kb plasmids psrd191 and pone430 are only distantly related (approximately 30 % for deduced rep protein amino acid sequence) but possess a short highly conserved region outside rep gene. larger plasmids psrd192 and pone429 possess lar ...200617007426
psrd191, a new member of repl replicating plasmid family from selenomonas ruminantium.a numerous plasmid population was detected in strain 19 of selenomonas ruminantium. the population was found to consist of six plasmids in size ranging from 1.4 to more than 20kb. the smallest 1.4kb cryptic plasmid psrd191 was further characterized. sequence analysis identified a single orf encoding the 177-residue putative replication protein (rep191) which shared significant homology with repl family of replication protein from firmicutes (staphylococci and bacilli). pcr analysis and southern ...200515907537
underrepresentation of short palindromes in selenomonas ruminantium dna: evidence for horizontal gene transfer of restriction and modification systems?molecular analysis of isolates of the rumen bacterium selenomonas ruminantium revealed a high variety and frequency of site-specific (restriction) endonucleases. while all known s. ruminantium restriction and modification systems recognize hexanucleotide sequences only, consistently low counts of both 6-bp and 4-bp palindromes were found in dna sequences of s. ruminantium. statistical analysis indicated that there is some correlation between the degree of underrepresentation of tetranucleotide w ...200515980893
interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds.tannins (hydrolyzable and condensed) are water-soluble polyphenolic compounds that exert antinutritional effects on ruminants by forming complexes with dietary proteins. they limit nitrogen supply to animals, besides inhibiting the growth and activity of ruminal microflora. however, some gastrointestinal microbes are able to break tannin-protein complexes while preferentially degrading hydrolyzable tannins (hts). streptococcus gallolyticus, lonepinella koalarum and selenomonas ruminantium are th ...200516193308
[visual field changes in mesopic and scotopic conditions using friedmann visual field analyser. iii. acquired chorioretinal diseases (author's transl)]. 2005546186
[from our master examination]. 2004355976
pleural effusion: a diagnostic dilemma. 2004404437
molecular dissection of the selenomonas ruminantium cell envelope and lysine decarboxylase involved in the biosynthesis of a polyamine covalently linked to the cell wall peptidoglycan layer.the wild type of selenomonas ruminantium subsp. lactilytica, which is a strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacterium isolated from sheep rumen, requires one of the normal saturated volatile fatty acids with 3 to 10 carbon atoms for its growth in a glucose medium; however, no such obligate requirement of fatty acid is observed when the cells are grown in a lactate medium. this bacterium is characterized by a unique structure of the cell envelope and a novel lysine decarboxylase and its regulatory ...200414745158
cloning of the o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase gene from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium hd4.the o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (oahs) gene was cloned from a selenomonas ruminantium hd4 lambda zap ii genomic library by degenerative probe hybridization and complementation. sequence analysis revealed an 869-bp orf with a g + c content of 53%. the orf had significant homology with enzymes involved in homocysteine biosynthesis. a curablastn homology search showed that the orf has 63% nucleotide identity with the oahs of bacillus stearothermophilus, corynebacterium glutamicum, and acremoni ...200415057458
production of two highly active bacterial phytases with broad ph optima in germinated transgenic rice seeds.phytate is the main storage form of phosphorus in many plant seeds, but phosphate bound in this form is not available to monogastric animals. phytase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate from phytate, has the potential to enhance phosphorus availability in animal diets when engineered in rice seeds as a feed additive. two genes, derived from a ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium (srpf6) and escherichia coli (appa), encoding highly active phytases were expressed in germinated transgenic ric ...200415070073
specific pcr assay for a tannin-tolerant selenomonas ruminantium isolate, derived from helicase coding sequences.sequences from a tannin-tolerant selenomonas ruminantium isolate (eat2) that hydrolyzes gallic acid were identified. two exhibited identity to helicases with a wide phylogenetic distribution. pcr amplification by using primers from one helicase gene detected 2000 to 5000 eat2 genome equivalents but did not amplify total gastrointestinal microbial dna of nine other ungulate species.200415128588
different restriction and modification phenotypes in ruminal lactate-utilizing bacteria.analysis of restriction and modification activities in lactate-utilizing bacteria belonging to the megasphaera elsdenii and mitsuokella multiacida species revealed the presence of gatc-specific, mboi isospecific, restriction-modification (r-m) systems in all strains tested. while restriction endonucleases isolated from m. elsdenii strains were found to be sensitive to dam methylation, enzymes from m. multiacida cleaved dna irrespective of dam methylation. the comparison of type ii r-m systems sp ...200415212796
molecular characterization and transcriptional regulation of nitrate reductase in a ruminal bacterium, selenomonas ruminantium.nitrate reductase (nar) of a strain of selenomonas ruminantium was purified, and the gene encoding nar (nar) was sequenced. the 6.4 kbp nar gene consisted of narg, h, j, and i in this order. the deduced amino acid sequences of these subunits resembled those of membrane-bound nitrate reductase-a reported for escherichia coli. it was shown that narg, h, j, and i are transcribed as a single polycistronic message (nar operon). the level of intracellular nar-mrna was higher when s. ruminantium was gr ...200415248143
protozoa involved in butyric rather than lactic fermentative pattern during latent acidosis in sheep.we used six ruminally cannulated texel wethers to study the relative role of protozoa and lactate-metabolizing bacteria in ruminal fermentative patterns during an induced latent acidosis. the sheep were fed an alfalfa hay diet (h) and latent acidosis was induced, following a short transition period of one week, with a grain-rich acidotic diet (w, 60% wheat + 40% alfalfa hay). ruminal ph, ruminal volatile fatty acids (vfa), lactate and nh3 concentrations, protozoa and lactate-utilizing bacterial ...200415460159
structures of selenomonas ruminantium phytase in complex with persulfated phytate: dsp phytase fold and mechanism for sequential substrate hydrolysis.various inositide phosphatases participate in the regulation of inositol polyphosphate signaling molecules. plant phytases are phosphatases that hydrolyze phytate to less-phosphorylated myo-inositol derivatives and phosphate. the phytase from selenomonas ruminantium shares no sequence homology with other microbial phytases. its crystal structure revealed a phytase fold of the dual-specificity phosphatase type. the active site is located near a conserved cysteine-containing (cys241) p loop. we al ...200415530366
diet influences the ecology of lactic acid bacteria and escherichia coli along the digestive tract of cattle: neural networks and 16s rdna.in this manuscript, the authors have sought to gain a better understanding of the interactions between escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from rogossa mrs agar along the digestive tract of grain- and forage-fed cattle. e. coli from cattle receiving a high-grain diet were more numerous (p<0.05) than from the high-forage diet and the highest numbers were in the faeces. isolates on rogossa mrs agar were always greater in the high-grain diet (p<0.05) and contained a significant ...200312576580
[community social service in the field of health education]. 2003262313
the equilibrium constant and the reversibility of the reaction catalysed by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide kinase from pigeon liver.the reversibility of the nad+ kinase reaction was established, and the kinetic parameters of the rate equation in the reverse direction were determined. the equilibrium constant of the reaction was determined by using the purified pigeon liver enzyme and radioactively labelled nicotinamide nucleotides. the relationship between kinetic parameters of the forward and reverse reactions is in reasonable agreement with the measured equilibrium constant. as expected from the proposed mechanism of actio ...2003201249
letter: bromide intoxication. 2002126712
poncimarin, a new coumarin from poncirus trifoliata l.a new coumarinic derivative (poncimarin; c19h22o5; m.p. 140 c degrees) was isolated from unripe fruits of poncircus trifoliata l. which from spectroscopic evidences was formulated as 7-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl butyloxy)-8-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl butyl) coumarin.2002126585
localization of sodium pump sites in frog urinary bladder.[3h]ouabain binding in frog and toad urinary bladder was investigated by short-circuit current (scc), scintillation counting and autoradiographic techniques. scc data and analysis of tissue digests following serosal exposure to ouabain showed that ouabain binding and inhibition of na+ transport was completely reversible in toad bladder whereas, in frog bladder, [3h]ouabain was tightly bound and na+ transport remained suppressed even after a 60-min washout. mucosal exposure of frog bladder to [3h ...2002123762
investigation on huntington's disease in the canadian prairies. ii. fecundity and fitness.the reproductive performance of 157 patients with huntington's disease, their 170 normal siblings and 150 matched unrelated controls is presented. comparison with the general canadian prairie population in the appropriate age group is undertaken. patients with huntington's disease are not only more fecund than their unaffected sibs but also out-reproduce unrelated normal controls and members of the general population of corresponding age. their fitness is thus estimated to be 1.14. should the pr ...2002123838
allisonella histaminiformans gen. nov., sp. nov. a novel bacterium that produces histamine, utilizes histidine as its sole energy source, and could play a role in bovine and equine laminitis.when cattle and horses are fed large amounts of grain, histamine can accumulate in the gastrointestinal tract, and this accumulation can cause an acute inflammation of the hooves (laminitis). when ruminal fluid from dairy cattle fed grain supplements was serially diluted in anaerobic mrs medium containing histidine (50 mm), histamine was detected at dilutions as high as 10(-7). the histidine enrichments were then transferred successively in an anaerobic, carbonate-based medium (50 mm histidine) ...200212583709
cloning of the l-lactate dehydrogenase gene from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium hd4.a clone from a selenomonas ruminantium hd4 lambda zap ii genomic library was isolated by its ability to complement the anaerobic growth deficiency of an escherichia coli (pfl, ldh) double mutant. the 1.0-kb insert from the clone was sequenced and revealed a single open reading frame (orf, 957-bp) which was preceded by a putative shine-dalgarno (sd) sequence (aggggg). the potential sd sequence corresponded to 3' 16s rrna sequences of various selenomonas strains. the orf was predicted to encode a ...200211821921
cloning of the o-acetylserine lyase gene from the ruminal bacterium selenomonas ruminantium hd4.the gene coding for o-acetylserine lyase (oasl) was cloned from a selenomonas ruminantium hd4 lambda zap ii genomic library by degenerative probe hybridization and complementation. sequence analysis revealed a 933 bp orf with a g + c content of 53%. the orf had significant homology with enzymes involved in cysteine biosynthesis. a curablastn homology search showed that the orf shared 59% nucleotide identity with the cysk of bacillus subtilis. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited high (>70%) ...200211821922
a flavoprotein encoded in selenomonas ruminantium is characterized after expression in escherichia coli.selenomonas ruminantium is an obligate anaerobe that is very important for the provision of vitamin b12 to ruminants, which are particularly dependent upon this cofactor. one important use for vitamin b12 in anaerobic bacteria is for the utilization of glycerol as carbon source. a new flavoprotein has been found expressed by escherichia coli from a plasmid created as part of a gene library of s. ruminantium. the 2.5-kb fragment of chromosomal dna responsible for protein expression contains parts ...200211922759
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