Publications

allele-specific pcr method based on rfbs sequence for distinguishing salmonella gallinarum from salmonella pullorum: serotype-specific rfbs sequence polymorphism.	cloning and sequence analysis of rfbs gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (salmonella pullorum-specific). based on s. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific pcr method was developed for serotype-specific detection of s. gallinarum. this pcr method was able to discriminate pure cultures of s. gallinarum from s. pullorum and other salmonella serotypes from serogroup d in less t ...	2005	15590091
an allele-specific pcr assay for the rapid and serotype-specific detection of salmonella pullorum.	salmonella serovar pullorum is a causative agent of pullorum disease (pd) in poultry and is responsible for severe economic losses to the poultry industry in many parts of the world. a definitive detection of pullorum requires culture followed by serotyping and biochemical identification, a process that is tedious and takes several weeks to accomplish. we have developed a rapid allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on the nucleotide polymorphism in rfbs gene sequence for t ...	2005	16404999
[the excretory apparatus and diabetes].		2005	545627
[collective dosage equivalent in the polish population accumulated because of diagnostic radiography].		2004	514894
a serological survey for pathogens in old fancy chicken breeds in central and eastern part of the netherlands.	to get an impression of the presence of pathogens in multi-aged flocks of old fancy chicken breeds in the netherlands, plasma samples originating from 24 flocks were examined for antibodies against 17 chicken pathogens. these flocks were housed mainly in the centre and east of the netherlands, regions with a high poultry density. the owners of the tested flocks showed their chicken at national and international poultry exhibitions. antibodies against avian influenza, egg drop syndrome '76 virus, ...	2004	15185615
survey of peafowl (pavo cristatus) for potential pathogens at three michigan zoos.	blood samples collected from 31 free-roaming peafowl from three zoos in michigan were tested serologically. antibody titers were present against avian adenovirus and bordetella avium in 19.3% and 61.3% of the samples, respectively. serum plate agglutination tests were positive for mycoplasma meleagridis and mycoplasma synoviae in 3.2% and 38.7% of the samples, respectively. all birds were seronegative for avian influenza, newcastle disease virus, west nile virus, mycoplasma gallisepticum, salmon ...	2003	15077714
effect of dietary formic and propionic acids on salmonella pullorum shedding and mortality in layer chicks after experimental infection.	this investigation was conducted to study the effect of dietary formic acid (fa) and propionic acid (pa) mixture on inhibitory effect of salmonella pullorum in layer chicks. nine equal groups of 1-day-old layer chicks, in addition to positive and negative controls, were fed on day 3 of age with acid-treated feed containing mixture of both acids at concentrations, from 0.5 to 1.5%. positive and negative controls were fed untreated feed. all groups except the negative control were challenged orall ...	2003	12667187
hematology, plasma biochemistry, and serosurvey for selected infectious agents in southern giant petrels from patagonia, argentina.	in conjunction with reproductive and feeding ecology studies on southern giant petrels (sgp, macronectes giganteus) blood samples were collected for baseline health evaluations. twenty-five adult sgp from a breeding colony in chubut, argentina, were sampled during two consecutive breeding seasons, 1999-2000 (n = 15) and 2000-01 (n = 10). values for hematology, plasma biochemistry, and minerals are described for 20 birds in apparent good physical condition. a serologic survey of exposure to selec ...	2003	12910764
adhesion of probiotic lactobacilli to chick intestinal mucus.	in the present work, interactions between three lactobacillus strains (lactobacillus fermentum crl1015, lactobacillus animalis crl1014, and lactobacillus fermentum crl1016) and chicken small intestinal mucus were determined. three lactobacilli isolated from chicken and selected by their potentially probiotic properties were able to grow in mucus preparations. three peaks from gel filtration chromatography of intestinal mucus were obtained. the adhesion to three mucus fractions (i, ii, and iii), ...	2003	14569288
salmonella enterica serovar pullorum requires the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system for virulence and carriage in the chicken.	functional mutations were made in the type iii secretion systems encoded by salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi 1) and salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi 2) of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum, the cause of pullorum disease in poultry. their role in cell invasion in vitro, and in virulence in vivo was determined. the spi 1 mutant showed decreased invasiveness for chicken cells but was capable of causing disease in orally infected 1-day-old chicks, although it showed some reduction in ...	2002	12427344
the evolving genome of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum is a fowl-adapted bacterial pathogen that causes dysentery (pullorum disease). host adaptation and special pathogenesis make s. enterica serovar pullorum an exceptionally good system for studies of bacterial evolution and speciation, especially regarding pathogen-host interactions and the acquisition of pathogenicity. we constructed a genome map of s. enterica serovar pullorum rks5078, using i-ceui, xbai, avrii, and spei and tn10 insertions. pulsed-field gel ...	2002	11976291
surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium.	we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ...	2002	12133620
improvements required for the detection of salmonella pullorum and gallinarum.	detection of the specific salmonella serovar gallinarum, which is divided into the biovars pullorum and gallinarum, is compulsory under the national hygienic and sanitary control regulations of france for breeding flocks whose offspring are exported. our aim was to examine the suitability of bacteriologic and serologic methods routinely used in france to screen serum samples and organs for s. gallinarum. since bacteriologic reference techniques are designed to isolate the commonly occurring non- ...	2002	12146886
control and eradication of animal diseases in new zealand.	new zealand is free from all the major epidemic (office international des epizooties list a) diseases of animals and other important diseases, such as rabies and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. the once endemic conditions of sheep scab (psoroptes ovis), bovine brucellosis (brucella abortus), hydatids (echinococcus granulosus) and aujeszky's disease have been eradicated. anthrax (bacillus anthracis) is no longer considered endemic and pullorum disease (salmonella pullorum) has effe ...	2002	16032229
pathogenicity of different serogroups of avian salmonellae in specific-pathogen-free chickens.	the pathogenicity of one isolate of salmonella typhimurium, four isolates of salmonella heidelberg, three isolates of salmonella kentucky, two isolates of salmonella montevideo, one isolate of salmonella hadar, and two isolates of salmonella enteritidis (se), one belonging to phage type (pt)13a and the other to pt34, was investigated in specific-pathogen-free chicks. three hundred eighty-four chicks were separated into 16 equal groups of 24 chicks. thirteen groups were inoculated individually wi ...	2001	11785896
effect of different complex carbon sources on growth and bacteriocin synthesis of enterococcus faecium.	different criteria are followed in order to select bacteria to be used in probiotic and symbiotic supplements. a new parameter to choose strains could be fermentation by intestinal bacteria of some complex carbohydrates because they are prebiotics and promote the development of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal environment. an enterococcus faecium strain, isolated from the crop of a free-range chicken, was assayed in order to determine the utilization of commercial sugars and/or crude ...	2001	11246907
pathogenicity of environmental origin salmonellas in specific pathogen-free chicks.	two hundred sixty 1-d-old specific pathogen-free (spf), single comb white leghorn chicks were used in this study to determine pathology caused by salmonella enteritidis (se) isolated from a poultry environment. the chicks were subdivided into 10 equal groups of 26 chicks each. eight groups of chicks were inoculated individually with 0.5 ml of brain heart infusion broth culture containing 1 x 10(6) cfu of se phage type (pt) -8 (1, 2, 3), se pt5 a (1, 2), or se pt4 (ch-env-ca, chicken-ca, and huma ...	2001	11558918
classification of grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions seen at postmortem in canadian poultry abattoirs according to a hazard identification decision tree.	this study was designed to review all grossly detectable abnormalities and conditions (gdacs) encountered in poultry in canadian abattoirs to determine which have potential to cause adverse health effects for the consumer. review of the literature and consultation with scientists in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, poultry pathology, chemistry, and meat inspection served to generate an inventory of gdacs, and a decision tree containing algorithms was developed to identify gdacs potential ...	2001	11770626
loss of virulence by heterophil-adapted salmonella pullorum.	we report that reduction of virulence for day-old chicks was achieved after eight-times-repeated heterophil passage of salmonella pullorum (sp). the virulent source strain sp-v caused 64% mortality and 89% internal organ as well as 89% cecal colonization 10 days after administration of 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) to day-old chicks. eight-times-repeated passage of sp in heterophils resulted in attenuated strain sp-a that was nonlethal and reduced colonization of internal organs from 89% for ...	2001	11417827
post-traumatic epilepsy.		2001	98198
experimental salmonella enterica serovar pullorum infection in two commercial varieties of laying hens.	an experiment was carried out to investigate the biology of salmonella pullorum in two varieties of laying hens, from 5 days of age up to 9 months. one variety was resistant to systemic salmonellosis (light layers producing white eggs) and the other was considered susceptible (brown layers producing brown eggs). the brown birds were more affected by the infection, showing signs of clinical disease in the first month of life. later, these signs disappeared, but postmortem examination revealed per ...	2001	19184886
ultrastructural histochemistry of the dento-epithelial junction. 3. chloramine t-silver methenamine.		2000	86608
the production of hydroxyl radical by tallysomycin and copper(ii).		2000	87348
fowl typhoid and pullorum disease.	fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ...	2000	10935271
protective effect of enterococcus faecium j96, a potential probiotic strain, on chicks infected with salmonella pullorum.	enterococcus faecium j96 was isolated from a healthy free-range chicken and it inhibited salmonella pullorum, in vitro, due to its lactic acid and bacteriocin production. in vivo assays were carried out with 30-h-old broiler chicks. the lactic acid bacteria (approximately 1 x 10(9) cells per chick) were orally administered as preventive and as therapeutic treatments. in the first case they were given to the chicks twice a day for 3 consecutive days. in the second case the lactic bacteria were ad ...	2000	11041131
new bisabolane sesquiterpenes from ligularia songarica.	phytochemical investigation of ligularia songarica (compositae) afforded seven new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes. their structures were confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic methods, especially 2d-nmr techniques, and compound 7 showed stronger antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, pseudomonas acruginosa and salmonella pullorum.	2000	11189875
health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas.	the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ...	2000	11195653
serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens.	serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ...	2000	11195659
antibodies to selected disease agents in translocated wild turkeys in california.	wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) trapped within california (n = 715) or imported into california from other states (n = 381) from 1986 to 1996 were tested for exposure to certain disease agents. prevalence of antibody to mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, salmonella pullorum, salmonella typhimurium, newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus was low (0-4%) for wild turkeys trapped within california. with the exception of antibody prevalence to m. meleagridis of 33%, the ...	2000	10682760
the effects of dietary mannaoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks.	the ability of different enteric pathogens and coliforms to trigger agglutination of yeast cells (saccharomyces cerevisiae, ncyc 1026) and a yeast cell wall preparation (mos) was examined. five of seven strains of escherichia coli and 7 of 10 strains of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis agglutinated mos and sac. cerevisiae cells. strains of salmonella choleraesuis, salmonella pullorum, and campylobacter did not lead to agglutination. two strains that agglutinated mos (s. typhimur ...	2000	10735748
differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic).	salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ...	2000	10739340
differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum.	salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ...	2000	11101679
early events in the pathogenesis of avian salmonellosis.	salmonellae are gastrointestinal pathogens of man and animals. however, strains that are host-specific avian pathogens are often avirulent in mammals, and those which are nonspecific are commensal in poultry. the objective of this study was to determine whether host specificity was exhibited by bacterial abilities to invade epithelial cells or resist leukocyte killing. in this study, leukocytes isolated from humans and chickens were used to kill salmonella in vitro. both salmonella pullorum, an ...	1999	10377142
pathogenicity of salmonella enteritidis phage types 4, 8, and 23 in broiler chicks.	four hundred fifty day-old hubbard broiler chicks were subdivided into 15 groups of 30 chicks each. six groups of chicks received 0.5 ml of broth culture containing 5 x 10(6) colony-forming units (cfu) of salmonella enteritidis (se) phage types (pts) 4, 8, and 23 by crop gavage. similarly, six other groups received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu of se. one group was inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(6) cfu of salmonella pullorum, and another group received 0.5 ml containing 5 x 10(8) cfu ...	1999	10494420
health evaluation of free-ranging rockhopper penguins (eudyptes chrysocomes) in argentina.	as part of annual colony counts in santa cruz province, argentina, a health survey of rockhopper penguins (eudyptes chrysocomes) was conducted in 1994. forty-five birds were examined during handling procedures, and blood and fecal samples were collected for laboratory analysis. all birds appeared to be in good condition. no ecto- or endoparasites were found. hematology, plasma chemistry, and plasma mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology. anti ...	1999	10367640
temporal changes in the population genetics of salmonella pullorum.	salmonella pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease, which is characterized by white diarrhea and a high mortality rate in poultry. during the 1990s, the serologic "pullorum" test has occasionally failed to detect infected birds during the early stage of disease. to determine if any recent genetic changes have taken place in s. pullorum to account for poor seroconversion sometimes observed in infected flocks, s. pullorum from 1990s outbreaks and strains isolated prior to the 1980s were typed by ...	1999	10611985
some probiotic properties of chicken lactobacilli.	the beneficial effect of lactobacilli has been attributed to their ability to colonize human and animal gastrointestinal tracts. in this work, adhesion assays with three lactobacillus strains and intestinal fragments obtained from chickens were assessed. lactobacillus animalis and l. fermentum were able to adhere to three kinds of epithelial cells (crop, small and large intestines) with predominance to small intestine. among the strains considered, l. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus showed the lowe ...	1999	10696476
salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus).	in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ...	1999	10204223
vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry.	salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ...	1999	10418900
characterization of swimming motility and identification of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum isolates.	to identify swimming motility in salmonella pullorum isolates and to characterize the flagellar proteins produced by motile isolates.	1999	10791949
salmonella typhimurium infection in domesticated fowl in a children's zoo.	salmonella typhimurium infection occurred in a children's zoo where 11 fowl and 85 mammals were kept. initially, the guinea pigs were infected and transmitted the infection to the fowl and rabbits. these mammals responded to medication and cleared of the infection; however, the birds were judged to contain excreters despite four regimens of treatment with antibiotics. cloacal swabs were taken from all the birds. one turkey was positive for salmonella and was destroyed. pooled fecal samples from ...	1999	10494436
hemolysis induced by cefazolin and cephalothin in a patient with penicillin sensitivity.	a patient with penicillin sensitivity, who had never received a cephalosporin antibiotic previously, developed anemia and spherocytosis following the administration of cefazolin. hemolysis abated when the drug was discontinued on the fourth day, and recurred on day six when cephalothin therapy was begun. igg and complement components were present on the patient's erythrocytes, and igg antibodies in her serum reacted with normal red blood cells which had been coated with benzylpenicillin, cefazol ...	1999	96555
[acute and subacute acral ischemia syndromes (author's transl)].	acute and subacute acral ischemia syndromes must be carefully distinguished from chronic intermittent acral disturbances of circulation because of the differences in the genesis, in the clinical picture and in the treatment. vasoconstriction caused by cold or emotion and which disappears on warming is the principal feature of the chronic intermittent syndromes. prestasis and stasis are the basis of the ischemia of acute and subacute syndromes, which cannot be relieved by warmth. vasodilation mea ...	1998	108564
a vest for ambulatory patients receiving hyperalimentation.	there have been no significant complications related to the use of this ambulatory hyperalimentation vest. the potential positive impact that increased use of this vest at home might have upon hospital stay and cost containment is obvious. it is further anticipated that, as advances are made in the technology of plastic bags, tubing, miniature pumps and microprocessors, ambulatory or home hyperalimentation delivery systems exemplified by this vest will achieve a much higher degree of sophisticat ...	1998	107602
serologic incidence of some diseases in kansas wild turkeys.	wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo, n = 1164) were tested for mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma meleagridis, mycoplasma synoviae, and salmonella pullorum from 1990 to 1997. although 3.3% of the turkeys were suspect for one or more diseases, only 0.9% were serologically positive for m. gallisepticum. these 11 positives were all from one country in south-central kansas.	1998	9645333
application of flagella-based immunoassays for serologic detection of salmonella pullorum infection in chickens.	occasional salmonella pullorum outbreaks still occur in commercial poultry flocks despite widespread serologic testing, raising concerns about the efficacy of standard agglutination-based serologic assays for detecting infections with current field strains. the recent observation that many s. pullorum strains are recognized by antibodies to certain salmonella flagellar proteins suggests that similar antibodies might be elicited in infected birds. in the present study, flagella-based enzyme immun ...	1998	9876853
growth of salmonella enteritidis and s. pullorum on hektoen agar and the expression of lipopolysaccharide or flagella.	growth of strains of salmonella enteritidis and salmonella pullorum on hektoen agar has been reported to influence the expression of long-chain lipopolysaccharide and motility respectively. in this study we used a panel of strains of s. enteritidis and s. pullorum to investigate these phenomena. culture on hektoen agar did not cause rough strains of s. enteritidis to express long-chain lipopolysaccharide or strains of s. pullorum to become motile. it was concluded that growth of strains of s. en ...	1998	9673020
status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia.	ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ...	1997	9201422
detecting infections of chickens with recent salmonella pullorum isolates using standard serological methods.	despite extensive testing for salmonella pullorum infections in commercial poultry, occasional outbreaks of pullorum disease still occur. in some recent instances, questions have been raised about whether standard serological assays, which employ antigen strains selected several decades ago, are still able to detect currently prevalent s. pullorum strains. the present study evaluated the ability of standard rapid whole-blood plate agglutination test and serum tube agglutination test antigens to ...	1997	9037683
immune and physiological responses of turkeys with green-liver osteomyelitis complex.	a study of field turkeys was undertaken in order to determine the involvement of relative immunological differences in the etiology of turkey osteomyelitis complex (toc). lame and normal turkeys were sampled from commercial flocks just prior to processing in two separate trials. after testing for functions of both humoral and cellular immunity, the turkeys were necropsied and examined for lesions of toc. there were significantly higher relative spleen and over weights and significantly lower bod ...	1997	9057207
detection of motility and putative synthesis of flagellar proteins in salmonella pullorum cultures.	salmonella pullorum is a host-adapted pathogen of poultry previously thought to be nonmotile and nonflagellated. we discovered that motility can be induced in this organism under special medium conditions, and this motility was observed in 39 of 44 s. pullorum isolates tested. the migration appeared to occur only on the medium surface and not within the medium itself, indicating that swimming may not be responsible for this event. agar concentration, carbohydrate concentration and type, and temp ...	1997	9157122
differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by their whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profiles.	the whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of salmonella (s.) gallinarum and salmonella (s.) pullorum strains were compared in the computer-linked gas-liquid chromatography. the profiles of whole cellular fames allow the separation and identification s. gallinarum and s. pullorum by the microbial identification system and so can be used for their differentiation.	1996	8794698
comparison of modified tecra visual immunoassay with aoac method 989.14 and reference culture methods 967.25-967.28 for detection of salmonella in foods and related samples.	a validation study was conducted to compare a new modified version of the tecra salmonella visual immunoassay (mod. via) with the original immunoassay (aoac method 989.14) and the reference culture methods (967.25-967.28). the mod. via was supplemented with polyclonal antibodies to salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum, and compared favorably with aoac method 989.14 in sensitivity, inclusivity, and exclusivity studies. the ability of the mod. via to recover salmonella from artificially contamina ...	1996	8946713
role of glycoconjugates in adherence of salmonella pullorum to the intestinal epithelium of chicks.	1. the distribution of glycoconjugates on the surface of salmonella pullorum and the ileal epithelium of chicks was demonstrated by lectin cytochemistry. the role of glycoconjugates in adherence of s. pullorum to the ileal epithelium was determined by a sugar inhibition assay using the scanning electron microscope. 2. s. pullorum exhibited binding to concanavalin a (con a) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga) but not to soyabean agglutinin (sba), ricinus communis agglutinin (rca) and ulex europaeus a ...	1995	7614028
examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease.	an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ...	1995	18645798
evaluation of the humoral immune response to different antigens in arkansas regressor and progressor chickens.	arkansas regressor and progressor chickens were re-evaluated for their immune response to different antigens. chickens received i.v. injection of either srbc (10 birds per line) or salmonella pullorum (sp; 10 birds per line) at 7 wk of age, and sera were collected at 6, 13, and 20 d postimmunization. a third group of birds (10 birds per line) received and i.m. injection of gat emulsion at 7 and 12 wk of age, and sera were collected at 10 and 14 wk of age. there were significant differences betwe ...	1994	8146082
pullorum disease with unusual signs in two backyard chicken flocks.	atypical pullorum disease in two backyard chicken flocks occurred as sudden death of many adult birds in one backyard chicken flock and chronic wasting with high mortality in a second flock. chicks had been added to both flocks for several months before losses occurred. the chicks, which were not affected, came from a previously infected hatchery that did not totally depopulate.	1993	8257389
evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae.	multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ...	1993	8429538
salmonella pullorum infection and pheasants.		1993	8291181
bacteriological, serological, histological and immunohistochemical findings in laying hens with naturally acquired salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection.	salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was isolated from the reproductive tract of 10 (27 per cent) of 37 laying hens from three small flocks with a naturally acquired infection. the rapid slide agglutination test with salmonella pullorum-antigen was positive in 24 (64.9 per cent) of the 37 hens including the six hens in which the ovary was colonised and the 10 in which the oviduct was colonised. by immunohistochemical labelling s enteritidis was demonstrated in seven of eight culture-positive hens ...	1993	8310606
research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum.	the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ...	1993	8479960
salmonella control--past, present and future.	the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ...	1993	18671051
antibacterial activity and mutagenicity studies of water-soluble phosphazene high polymers.	eight water-soluble phosphazene high polymers, [npr2]n (r, organic, water-solubilizing side-group; n, approx: 15,000) and the small-molecule counterparts of the polymers were examined for antibacterial activity against six different strains of bacteria (escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium (ta 100), salmonella pullorum, streptococcus faecalis, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa). antibacterial testing was carried out by measuring zones of inhibition and changes in solution turbidit ...	1992	1457679
serological response of chickens to infection with salmonella gallinarum-s. pullorum detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the serological response to salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum infection in chickens was studied with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in broiler chickens, a more virulent strain of s. pullorum produced a significantly lower serum igg titer than did a less virulent strain. in laying hens, the serum and egg-yolk igg titers were very similar. in chickens infected with s. gallinarum, high igg titers persisted for 30 weeks. in chickens reinfected with this strain, each reinf ...	1992	1385699
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene (citc) encoding a citrate carrier from several salmonella serovars.	the nucleotide sequence of the citc coding for the citrate carrier in several salmonella serovars has been determined, and the amino acid sequence of the carrier protein was deduced. the predicted citrate carrier from salmonella pullorum and salmonella enteritidis consists of 446 amino acids with a molecular weight of 47,621, whereas that from salmonella dublin is the same 446 amino acids with the slightly different molecular weight of 47,591, because 1 amino acid residue was substituted. the pr ...	1992	1374406
epizootiological investigation of an outbreak of pullorum disease in an integrated broiler operation.	an integrated broiler company experienced a major outbreak of pullorum disease during 1990. the outbreak resulted in the distribution of salmonella pullorum-infected birds to more than 150 roaster flocks in five states. twenty-two parent (multiplier) breeder flocks became infected. an epizootiological investigation uncovered a grandparent male line breeder flock as the index flock supplying males to the affected parent flocks. transmission apparently occurred vertically through the egg and horiz ...	1992	1417613
[the selection of salmonella gallinarum, salmonella pullorum and escherichia coli in chickens after chloramphenicol administration].	the effect of a chloramphenicol administration was examined on the selection of e. coli of the chicken intestinal flora, and of the infectious s. gallinarum and s. pullorum strains. on the other hand, an effort was made to detect the frequency of the resistance transmission of e. coli to above mentioned sensitive salmonella strains. fourteen chicken, 12 infected and 2 negative controls were used. it was found that the enteric e. coli strains became resistant in a week's time. besides, the strain ...	1992	1471974
pullorum disease in delaware roasters.	an index case of pullorum disease in 4-week-old roasters from a completely integrated poultry operation is reported from delaware. severe articular and periarticular swelling of hock and/or wing joints was observed on postmortem examination. also seen were moderate to severe hydropericardium and large white-gray nodules in the heart and gizzard that grossly could have been taken for tumors. the livers showed multiple small white foci, petechial hemorrhages, and swelling. initially, salmonella pu ...	1992	1485862
progeny performance when dams and chicks are fed supplemental zinc.	three consecutive trials involving approximately 700 to 800 broilers (0 to 28 days) were conducted to examine effects on growth and immunity of chicks after supplementing dams with inorganic zn versus organic zn. offspring from hens fed a basal diet (72 mg zn/kg) or diets with 152 mg zn/kg supplemented with zno or organic zn-met were randomized across four battery brooders. chicks were fed a starter diet without supplemental zn containing 100 mg zn/kg or diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg zn from ...	1992	1641384
pathogenicity of salmonella pullorum in northern bobwhite quail and mallard ducks.	ten-day-old northern bobwhite quail and mallard ducks were inoculated orally and intravenously with salmonella pullorum at selected concentrations (10(3) to 10(10) colony-forming units). mortality in bobwhites ranged from 65% to 100%, whereas no mallards died or exhibited any signs of morbidity. significantly (p less than 0.05) increased values for serum calcium, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase were observed in mallards inoculated with live s. pullorum, and antibody titers were detected as ...	1992	1627103
[pathologico-anatomic, bacteriologic and serologic findings in laying hens from small neighborhood flocks with salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection].	two small free range flocks with 32 hens, whose salmonella enteritidis contaminated eggs caused salmonellosis in man, were investigated for localisation of the agent. salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 was isolated from 12 of 32 hens (37.5%). eight hens (25%) harbored the bacterium in the ovary and/or the oviduct. the rapid slide agglutination test with salmonella pullorum-antigen revealed 21 positive hens (66%). all eight hens with salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in the reproductive tract ...	1991	2047834
detection of salmonella serogroup d-specific antibodies in the yolks of eggs laid by hens infected with salmonella enteritidis.	eggs laid by hens experimentally infected with salmonella enteritidis were assayed for the presence of serogroup d-specific yolk antibodies. yolk antibodies were detected with s. enteritidis and salmonella pullorum antigens in the microantiglobulin test as early as 9 days after inoculation of hens with s. enteritidis. yolk antibody titers reached peak levels at 3 to 5 wk postinoculation and remained at detectable levels for at least 7 wk postinoculation in eggs from both orally inoculated and ho ...	1991	1852702
health survey of backyard poultry and other avian species located within one mile of commercial california meat-turkey flocks.	a survey was conducted to characterize domestic and exotic bird populations, estimate seroprevalence to selected disease agents, and describe health management practices on 62 premises containing "backyard" flocks located within one mile of 22 commercial california meat-turkey flocks participating in national animal health monitoring system (nahms). chickens were present on 56 backyard premises and turkeys on seven. antibodies were identified against mycoplasma gallisepticum, m. synoviae, m. mel ...	1991	1854324
measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum with n-methyl-d-glucamine as a buffer: evaluation of the method for routine use.	some aspects of the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity concentration in human serum, using n-methyl-d-glucamine as a buffer, were evaluated with a view to the possible routine use of the method. the evaluated characteristics included: the temperature-dependence of the ph of the buffer; the effect of adding the magnesium/zinc ions buffer; the effect of the serum volume fraction; the substrate-starter versus the serum-starter mode; the effect of modifying the formulation of reagents; the ...	1991	1782284
immunity to experimental fowl typhoid in chickens induced by a virulence plasmid-cured derivative of salmonella gallinarum.	chickens were immunized by two intramuscular inoculations at 1 and 14 days of age with virulence plasmid-cured derivatives of salmonella gallinarum and were challenged 14 days later by oral inoculation of ca. 50 50% lethal doses (ld50) of fully virulent s. gallinarum 9. mortality in the nonimmunized and immunized groups were 36 and 3%, respectively. this difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01). a significant reduction in mortality was also produced following oral challenge with 5,00 ...	1990	2194968
a survey of infectious diseases in wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) from arkansas.	wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) trapped as part of a relocation program by the arkansas game and fish commission were tested for selected infectious diseases and parasites. the 45 birds were trapped at four locations in pope, scott, and montgomery counties (arkansas, usa). forty-four blood samples for serology, 27 blood smears and 12 fecal samples were collected. of the serum samples tested, 20 of 44 (45%) were positive for pasteurella multocida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...	1990	2250323
[therapy trials with enrofloxacin (baytril) in a laying hen flock with salmonella pullorum infections].	the course of a disease due to salmonella pullorum in laying chickens is described. the experimental application of enrofloxacin (baytril) at a dosage of 100 mg/l drinking water for 10 days resulted in a stop of the mortality rate, increment of egg production and reduction of salmonella excretion. a recurrence of the disease was observed in the fifth week following the end of treatment with high mortality and decreasing egg laying. the treatment lead to a short-dated success but a permanent elim ...	1989	2651079
protective role of serum antibody in immunity to chlamydial genital infection.	female guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with pooled immunoglobulin derived from animals immunized to the chlamydial agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis. genital infections in animals receiving pooled immunoglobulin from immune animals were markedly decreased with regard to the number of inclusions detected compared with control animals. these data indicated that serum-derived antibody was able to provide a degree of protection against a chlamydial genital tract infection.	1989	2909492
effects of aflatoxin on the immune system of the chick.	a decreased antibody response to injected sheep red blood cells and weight losses to the extent of 25-38% were observed in the bursa fabricii and thymus in chicks fed an aflatoxin diet (10% w/w) for 3 weeks. the immune organs did not show any significant histopathological changes. the antibody titre decreased from day 6 of treatment onward until the 15th day, when the antibody titre had disappeared completely in the test chicks. the body weight gain was also less in test chicks (9.7-37.3%) given ...	1989	2778263
[salmonella gallinarum field isolates of the biovars pullorum and gallinarum].	in 40 cases salmonellae of the serovar salmonella (s.) gallinarum were culturally isolated from domesticated gallinaceous birds submitted for diagnostic purposes in the period of 1979-1989. on the basis of the cultural and biochemical features found 35 of them could be assigned to the biovar pullorum and 5 to the biovar gallinarum. of 35 isolates of the biovar pullorum, 29 were isolated from pure bred chickens of small fancy-exhibition type flocks, 4 from floor-housed adult brown hybrid laying h ...	1989	2764874
detection of salmonellas in confectionery products by conductance.	a modified lysine decarboxylase broth has been developed which could be used with a bactometer m123 to differentiate salmonellas from other bacteria by the characteristics of the conductance detection curve. the medium was used in combination with a selenite cystine trimethylamine oxide dulcitol medium to screen 50 strains of salmonellas and 42 strains of other organisms to establish detection curve magnitude and rate values which could be used to identify curves specific to salmonellas. the com ...	1988	3049504
the association between a large molecular mass plasmid and virulence in a strain of salmonella pullorum.	eight strains of salmonella pullorum isolated from epidemiologically independent cases of pullorum disease (bacillary white diarrhoea) in young chickens possessed at least one large molecular mass plasmid in addition to smaller molecular mass plasmids. the 85 kb large plasmid, designated pbl001, of one of these strains was 'tagged' with an ampicillin resistance marker by the insertion of transposon tn3. the plasmid was eliminated by passage in nutrient broth containing acridine orange. it was re ...	1988	3253408
effects of bumetanide on chloride transport in human eccrine sweat ducts: implications for cystic fibrosis.	the effect of the loop diuretic bumetanide on cl- transport in the human reabsorptive sweat duct (rsd) was studied to determine the properties of cl- transport in this tissue with an emphasis on its role in cystic fibrosis. bumetanide (10(-4) m) in the bath decreased the nacl reabsorption rate (+/- se) from 235 +/- 72 to 77 +/- 24 pmol/min per mm (n = 10). bumetanide in the lumen decreased the rate of nacl reabsorption to a lesser extent from 132 +/- 17 to 84 +/- 16 pmol/min per mm (n = 9). at l ...	1987	3440743
fatal case of salmonellosis (salmonella pullorum) in a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) in the jos zoo.	a case of salmonellosis in a captive chimpanzee (pan troglydytes) is reported. confirmatory diagnosis was based on clinical signs, necropsy and histopathological examination, and the isolation of salmonella pullorum from the lung, liver, kidney and intestines of the animal. the source of infection was not ascertained.	1987	3682095
production, physiological, and behavioral responses of laying hens in different management environments.	responses of commercial laying hens to 16 management systems were examined for 10 laying periods of 28 days each. twelve cage treatments consisted of housing three, four, or five hens in deep and shallow cages of different dimensions which provided .035 and .046 m2/hen. four floor treatments housed 35 hens or 32 hens and three roosters at densities of .094 or .373 m2/bird, in two replicated pens each. quantitative data were collected simultaneously for 23 production, physiological, and behaviora ...	1987	3601849
evaluation of the efficacy of apramycin against salmonella pullorum infection in chickens.	the efficacy of apramycin given orally at dose levels of 225, 150 and 75 mg/litre for five days to chicks experimentally infected with salmonella pullorum has been evaluated. the results show that this drug, when utilised at the dose level of 225 mg/litre for five days, totally suppresses mortality and significantly reduces salmonella excretion in comparison with non-treated chicks.	1987	18766617
relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria, binding of salmonella pullorum-gallinarum to chicken lymphocytes.	salmonella pullorum-gallinarum binding to chicken lymphocytes has been evaluated in individuals of different age (1-20 wks). bacterial adherence has been studied on lymphoid cells recovered from thymus, spleen, bursa and peripheral blood. binding was age-dependent and neuraminidase treatment of lymphoid cells led to an increase of adherence. in addition, by using two monoclonal antibodies, the ct-1, which defines thymocytes and the m-4 which identifies surface igm and an avian homologue of mamma ...	1986	3542555
increased collateralization of the cerebellothalamic pathway following neonatal hemicerebellectomy.	the postlesional reorganization of the cerebellothalamic cells was here studied using a multiple retrograde tracing technique. to this purpose, the cerebellothalamic cell population was investigated in 3 groups of adult rats: (a) cases hemicerebellectomized at birth; (b) cases hemicerebellectomized in adulthood; and (c) control unlesioned ones. in all of the groups the fluorescent tracers diamidino yellow and fast blue were injected bilaterally in the thalamus and the retrograde labeling obtaine ...	1986	3708349
genetic aspects of antibody responses in chickens to different classes of antigens.	six breeding groups of chickens, each characterized by a different haplotype of the b blood group system, were challenged with different classes of antigens, namely newcastle disease vaccine (nd), infectious bronchitis vaccine (ib), infectious bursal disease viral agent (ibd), salmonella pullorum antigen (p), and sheep red blood cells (srbc). parents were challenged at 20 weeks of age, and their offspring were challenged at 3 weeks of age. blood samples were taken from the parents at 1 week afte ...	1986	3703775
splenic leukocytes from chickens injected with salmonella pullorum antigen stimulate production of corticosteroids by isolated adrenal cells.	corticosteroid levels in the blood serum of white rock pullets were significantly increased within 1 hr after an iv injection of heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen (sp-ag), and reached levels 7 to 10 times that of pbs-injected controls within 2 hr after sp-ag injection. incubations with isolated adrenal cells indicated that serum from sp-ag-injected birds had the ability to stimulate the synthesis or release of corticosteroids twice that of serum pbs-injected birds. stripping the serum from ...	1985	2984689
[acute pullorum disease in hawk-headed parrots (deroptyus accipitrinus fuscifrons)].		1985	4023688
agglutinin responses to salmonella pullorum in japanese quail selected for plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin and a model describing the dynamics of the response.	japanese quail from the s16 generation of lines selected for high (hr) and low (lr) plasma cholesterol response to adrenocorticotropin (acth), and the randombred control line (c) from which the selected lines had been derived, were immunized with a heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen. plasma from blood samples taken at 0,5,8, and 12 days postimmunization was titered for total agglutinin levels. a quadratic equation and its first derivative, calculated for each bird, produced mean values by l ...	1984	6091085
immunological traits in generations 7 to 12 of two lines of japanese quail selected for high or low antibody response to newcastle disease virus.	several immunological traits were compared in lines of japanese quail selected for high and low secondary immune responses to anti-newcastle disease virus (ndv). the high line of quail, selected for high ability to produce antibodies, was more responsive in both their primary response to ndv antigen used in the selection as well as to other antigens used in selection process including ndv (ishi strain), tissue culture-derived newcastle disease (tcnd strain), ndv strain b1, influenza virus, sheep ...	1984	6473242
the effect of temperature and starvation on the clearance of bacteria from the bloodstream of rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson).	the blood clearance of 51cr-labeled heat-killed salmonella pullorum was generally biphasic and exponential for each phase. starvation had little significant effect on this pattern, although the rate of first phase clearance was probably slower. raising the water temperature from 8 degrees c to 18 degrees c enhanced the rate of clearance of the second phase to almost exactly double that at 8 degrees c. at 18 hr postinoculation, the spleen contained much more radioactivity per gm than any other ti ...	1984	6584517
interaction of high temperature and salmonella pullorum antigen concentration on serum agglutinin and corticosteroid responses in white rock chickens.	in three experiments, 6- to 7-week-old chickens were exposed to one or two standard heating episodes and were injected immediately afterward with different concentrations of heat-killed salmonella pullorum antigen (ag) or phosphate-buffered saline. the standard heat episode consisted of three .5-hr exposures of 44 to 46 c with .5-hr periods of 22 c between exposures. nonheated chickens were maintained at 22 c. when two heating episodes were used, there was a 12-hr interval between episodes. sera ...	1984	6531335
concentration of salmonella pullorum antigen and the immunosuppressive effect of adrenocorticotropin in growing chickens.	the role of antigen concentration on the immunosuppressive effect of adrenocorticotropin (acth) was tested in 6-week-old white rock chickens that were immunized i.v. with 1 ml of heat-treated salmonella pullorum at packed cell volume concentrations of .06 to .00015%, at 16 and 10 hr before the antigen (ag) injection, the birds received either 4 iu . 100 g body wt-1 of acth i.m., or the gelatin (gel) vehicle. total, 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive (2-mes), and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant (2-mer) aggl ...	1983	6308589
[erythrocyte antigen for the rapid intravital diagnosis of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease].	a stable erythrocyte antigen was obtained for the rapid diagnosis of typhoid and pullorum disease in birds, which was tested under laboratory and field conditions. it was found that with the use of whole blood or serum taken from birds that had been either experimentally infected or had died of spontaneous infection of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella enteritidis the erythrocyte antigen was substantially superior to the routinely used colour ordinary test-antigen in terms of time consumed, i ...	1983	6364560
[differentiation of immunoglobulin classes in the chicken].	investigations were carried out to establish and differentiate the humoral immunoglobulins in spf-chickens, following an antigenic stimulus with salmonella pullorum. as many as five components were found in the blood sera of the test birds, which were shown to have immunoglobulin properties. they were differentiated as igm, iga, igg1, igg2, and igg3. those of the iga-type were found in exudate material from the abdominal cavity of birds infected with salmonella pullorum. in the course of the inf ...	1982	7112920
[phagocytic activity and antibody formation in relation to the resistance of poultry to fowl typhoid-pullorum disease].	vulchanov's method (1954) was employed to study the phagocytic activity, and the classic method with the agglutination test served to follow up the production of antibodies. some breed-associated differences were observed in the phagocytic activity and the normal serologic antibody titer prior to the infection with salmonella pullorum and salmonella gallinarum. highest were the indices with the leghorn breed, followed by the cornish and plymouth rock breeds. certain breed differences were also e ...	1982	7170772
survey of the health and husbandry of small poultry flocks in great britain.	an investigation into the health and husbandry of 15 small poultry flocks was undertaken. each flock was visited in july and a questionnaire on management practices and disease history was completed. the flocks were clinically examined and serological tests for salmonella pullorum, mycoplasma gallisepticum, m synoviae, m meleagridis, newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, infectious bronchitis, eggdrop syndrome 76, adenoviruses and reoviruses were carried out. oesophageal and cloacal swab ...	1982	6814044