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hepatic fascioliasis at a london hospital--the importance of recognising typical radiological features to avoid a delay in diagnosis.hepatic fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by the trematode fasciola hepatica, which can cause hepatobiliary disease in humans via the ingestion of contaminated water or aquatic vegetables. reported cases of human infection with f. hepatica arise in regions where cattle are raised, with particular abundance in south america and the middle east. the typical radiological appearances associated with fascioliasis are well reported and are likely to be more easily recognisable by radiologists in these ...200919729549
idiopathic haemorrhagic diathesis diagnosed in calves across england. 200919749206
noise levels in lairages for cattle, sheep and pigs in abattoirs in england and wales.levels of sound intensity were measured over periods of 24 hours in 34 abattoir lairages in england and wales. the mean integrated range in 12 cattle lairages was 52 to 79 db(a), in 11 sheep lairages, 45 to 76 db(a) and in 11 pig lairages, 46 to 87 db(a). in general, the pig lairages were the noisiest, with spot peak recordings of up to 110 db(a). typically, the sound intensities in all the lairages were 10 to 20 db(a) higher during the working day than at night. in many sheep lairages, high int ...200919749207
herd and individual animal risks associated with bovine tuberculosis skin test positivity in cattle in herds in south west england.the aim of this study was to investigate the cattle-exposure factors associated with the risk of a bovine animal reacting to a bovine tuberculosis (btb) skin test at a whole herd test. there were 148 study farms enrolled. these were located in six counties of the south west of england in an area considered endemic for bovine tuberculosis (btb): 24% were restocked after foot and mouth disease (fmd) in 2001; all farms were located within the randomised badger culling trial (rbct) area. data on cat ...200919758717
molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium subtypes in cattle in england.samples of cryptosporidium spp., collected in a cross-sectional study of calves (median age 26 days) from 41 farms in cheshire, uk, underwent molecular typing. the aim was to determine naturally occurring species/genotypes and to investigate transmission pathways within a local area. of 60 positive samples, 54 were sequenced at an 18s rrna locus and 51 were typed at a gp60 locus. c. parvum was identified in 50 samples, three cases were c. bovis and one was cryptosporidium deer-like genotype. six ...200918083583
age of onset and death in inherited prion disease are heritable.the common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (prnp) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. mouse quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. we investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite z score, between parents and offsp ...200918729123
risk factors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in young cattle on english and welsh farms.campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are the most prevalent causes of bacterial diarrhoea in most of the western world. in great britain, the source remains unknown for the majority of cases, though poultry is considered the main source of infection. molecular typing methods identify cattle as a potential source of a proportion of the non-source-attributed cases, mainly through direct contact, environmental contamination or milk, but little is known about the epidemiology of campylobacter in cattle. ...200918835052
aerococcus urinae in bovine reproductive disease. 200818931362
review of diagnostic laboratory submissions of adult cattle 'found dead' in england and wales in 2004.a total of 253 submissions from adult cattle 'found dead' in england and wales were referred to the veterinary laboratories agency in 2004. carcases accounted for 54 per cent of the submissions and were of more diagnostic value than other types of sample. whether the animals were beef or dairy, their distance from the laboratory and the number of deaths in the incident affected the likelihood of samples being submitted. the probability of reaching a diagnosis was influenced by the type of sample ...200818978365
government policies on bovine tb. 200818757909
minister rules out badger culling. 200818770909
a four year longitudinal sero-epidemiology study of neospora caninum in adult cattle from 114 cattle herds in south west england: associations with age, herd and dam-offspring pairs.neosporosis caused by the protozoan parasite neospora caninum, is an economically important cause of abortion, stillbirth, low milk yield, reduced weight gain and premature culling in cattle. consequently, a seroepidemiological study of n. caninum antibodies was conducted in england with 29,782 samples of blood taken from 15,736 cattle from 114 herds visited on three occasions at yearly intervals. herds were categorised into lower (< 10%) and higher (> or = 10%) median herd seroprevalence. hiera ...200818793402
survey of badger access to farm buildings and facilities in relation to contact with cattle.thirty-six farms in parishes in western england that had recently experienced herd breakdowns of bovine tuberculosis were surveyed for signs of badger activity and for husbandry practices relating to the access of badgers to the farm buildings and facilities. signs of activity were detected within the farmyards and buildings of 14 of the farms and were associated with water troughs at pasture on two of them. few of the farmers implemented practices to reduce contact between badgers and cattle. s ...200818660519
clinical and laboratory investigations of the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in southern england in 2007.a case of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) on a cattle farm in normandy, surrey, was confirmed on friday august 3, 2007, the first case in the uk since 2001. the infection was detected nearby on a second farm on august 6. on september 12, fmd was confirmed on a farm approximately 20 km from normandy in egham, and this was followed by cases on five more farms in that area in the next three weeks. the majority of the infected farms consisted of multiple beef cattle holdings in semi-urban areas. in tot ...200818676997
government policies on bovine tb. 200818689784
government policies on bovine tb. 200818689787
government policies on bovine tb. 200818689788
an exploration of the drivers to bio-security collective action among a sample of uk cattle and sheep farmers.at present, collective action regarding bio-security among uk cattle and sheep farmers is rare. despite the occurrence of catastrophic livestock diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) and foot and mouth disease (fmd), within recent decades, there are few national or local farmer-led animal health schemes. to explore the reasons for this apparent lack of interest, we utilised a socio-psychological approach to disaggregate the cognitive, emotive and contextual factors driving bio- ...200818692923
neospora caninum: detection in wild rabbits and investigation of co-infection with toxoplasma gondii by pcr analysis.neospora caninum is an important pathogen of cattle causing significant economic loss. there is much current interest in wild animal reservoirs for this parasite. the role of the rabbit in this is currently unknown. dna samples from the brains of wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected from the malham area of the yorkshire dales were investigated by species-specific pcr for the presence of n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. we found prevalences of n. caninum of 10.5% (6/57) and t. gondii o ...200818703054
vaccination against bluetongue. 200818723870
prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidium spp. infection in young calves.a cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidium infection in young calves. forty-one farms in a discrete, densely farmed 100 km2 area of north west england were visited over a 3-week period and 215 faecal samples were collected from young calves. farms were not selected on the basis of existing scour problems. at the time of sampling, several investigator-observed variables were recorded at the pen, animal and stool levels. samples were scr ...200818207328
direct and indirect contacts between cattle farms in north-west england.little is known regarding the types and frequencies of contact that exist between farms and which of these may act as pathogen transmission routes; however it is likely that farms demonstrate considerable heterogeneity in such contacts. in this cross-sectional study, we explored the direct and indirect contact types and frequencies that exist between cattle farms within a region, focusing on potential routes of pathogen transmission. the owners/managers of 56 farms located in a 10 km by 10 km st ...200818222555
unusual manifestation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in calves. 200818257173
important negatives. 200818291337
cow, farm, and herd management factors in the dry period associated with raised somatic cell counts in early lactation.this study investigated cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on somatic cell counts (scc) in early lactation. data from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout england and wales were collected over a 2-yr period. for the purpose of analysis, cows were separated into those housed for the dry period (6,419 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (7,425 cow-dry periods). bayesian multilevel models were specified with ...200818349232
[bovine tuberculosis--human to human transmission is possible]. 200818370350
eimeria species in cattle on farms in england and wales. 200818408197
longitudinal study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in cattle on dairy farms.multilocus sequence typing (mlst), an accurate and phylogenetically robust characterization method for population studies of campylobacter, was applied to campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 297) from the fecal samples of cattle from five dairy farms in cheshire, united kingdom, collected throughout 2003. the population dynamics of the c. jejuni strains, as identified by the occurrence of sequence types and clonal complexes, demonstrated variations within and between cattle populations over time. ...200818424539
comparison of the efficacy of cloxacillin alone and cloxacillin combined with an internal teat sealant for dry-cow therapy.all the quarters in the cows with high somatic cell counts in 10 herds were treated at drying off with either 600 mg cloxacillin or 600 mg cloxacillin and 4 g of an internal teat sealant containing 65 per cent bismuth subnitrate. the quarters were sampled daily for bacteriological tests for the three days before drying off and twice after calving to establish whether they were infected. clinical mastitis cases were monitored from drying off until 100 days after calving. the odds of a quarter bei ...200818503067
bvdv in british alpacas. 200818552333
archaeology. early stonehenge pilgrims came from afar, with cattle in tow. 200818583581
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni populations in dairy cattle, wildlife, and the environment in a farmland area.we describe a cross-sectional study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in a dairy farmland environment, with the aim of elucidating the dynamics of horizontal transmission of c. jejuni genotypes among sources in the area. a collection of 327 c. jejuni isolates from cattle, wildlife, and environmental sources in a 100-km(2) area of farmland in northwest england was characterized by multilocus sequence typing. a total of 91 sequence types and 18 clonal complexes were identified. ...200818586964
use of data mining techniques to investigate disease risk classification as a proxy for compromised biosecurity of cattle herds in wales.biosecurity is at the forefront of the fight against infectious diseases in animal populations. few research studies have attempted to identify and quantify the effectiveness of biosecurity against disease introduction or presence in cattle farms and, when done, they have relied on the collection of on-farm data. data on environmental, animal movement, demographic/husbandry systems and density disease determinants can be collated without requiring additional specific on-farm data collection acti ...200818601728
the pathology of bovine tuberculosis: time for an audit. 200817936047
detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh and frozen cattle faeces: comparison of three methods.the aim of this study was to compare the performance of three commonly used screening tests for cryptosporidium oocysts in fresh and frozen cattle faeces.200817944836
significant rising antibody titres to influenza a are associated with an acute reduction in milk yield in cattle.sporadic cases of an acute fall in milk production, "milk drop", were investigated in a holstein friesian dairy herd in devon. the investigation was a case control study with two controls per case. paired blood samples demonstrated that rising antibody titres to human influenza a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and human influenza a/eng/427/88 (h3n2) were associated with an acute fall in milk production. rising titres to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvd), infect ...200817851097
associations between sole ulcer, white line disease and digital dermatitis and the milk yield of 1824 dairy cows on 30 dairy cow farms in england and wales from february 2003-november 2004.the milk yields of 1824 cows were used to investigate the effect of lesion-specific causes of lameness, based on farmer treatment and diagnosis of lame cows, on milk yield. a three-level hierarchical model of repeated test day yields within cows within herds was used to investigate the impact of lesion-specific causes of lameness (sole ulcer, white line disease, digital dermatitis and other causes) on milk yield before and after treatment compared with unaffected cows. cattle which developed sol ...200818031851
calf mortality as a welfare indicator on british cattle farms.the objective of this study was to test calf mortality as an indicator of on-farm welfare and its use for welfare targeted surveillance. calf mortality data were retrieved for three uk counties to estimate calf mortality rates at holding and county level. a selection criterion based on upper quartiles of calf mortality for the county of concern was defined. its predictive ability was tested in a field study. the death risk of calves less than 6 months of age in 2002 was 1.76% in inverness, 5.83% ...200817408994
histological observations of bovine tuberculosis in lung and lymph node tissues from british deer.deer are recognized as hosts of mycobacterium bovis and assessing the role of wild cervids in perpetuating tuberculosis among cattle has motivated extensive research on several continents. in this paper, the histopathology of lymph node and lung tuberculous granulomas in m. bovis positive british deer is presented. the overall aim was to seek further insights into the potential for onward transmission from infected deer to other species, including cattle. samples were obtained from an extensive ...200817584504
pathology of naturally occurring bovine tuberculosis in england and wales.the aim of this study was to obtain a contemporary data set of pathology in tuberculin reactor and in-contact cattle in england and wales. four hundred animals (200 reactors and 200 in-contacts) from 242 farms located in 14 counties in western england and wales were examined. the mean number of lymph nodes (lns) with tuberculosis (tb)-like lesions per tb-confirmed animal was 1.7 in reactors and 1.5 in in-contact animals. tuberculous lesions in both reactor and in-contact animals were most common ...200817728162
tracing the source of campylobacteriosis.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world. it is thought to infect 2-3 million people a year in the us alone, at a cost to the economy in excess of us $4 billion. c. jejuni is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that is carried by animals farmed for meat and poultry. a connection with contaminated food is recognized, but c. jejuni is also commonly found in wild animals and water sources. phylogenetic studies have suggested that genotypes pathogenic ...200818818764
farm practices to control e. coli o157 in young cattle--a randomised controlled trial.a randomised controlled trial was used to investigate the effect of three complex management intervention packages to reduce the burden of e. coli o157 in groups of young-stock on cattle farms in england and wales. all intervention farms were assigned measures to avoid buying in new animals and having direct contact or sharing water sources with other cattle. furthermore, package a (7 farms) aimed to keep a clean environment and closed groups of young-stock; package b (14 farms) aimed for improv ...200818073090
fmd 'unlikely' to be present outside surrey; risk of spread 'very low'. 200717824136
reduced conception rates associated with bovine mastitis during a 'window of opportunity'. 200717630420
tb controls. 200717630423
tb controls. 200717630424
cow, farm, and management factors during the dry period that determine the rate of clinical mastitis after calving.the purpose of the research was to investigate cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on the rate of clinical mastitis after calving. data were collected over a 2-yr period from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout england and wales. cows were separated for analysis into those housed for the dry period (8,710 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (9,964 cow-dry periods). multilevel models were used within a baye ...200717638988
herd health management and biosecurity. 200717660475
recovery from botulism. 200717675640
detection of border disease virus in cattle. 200717693636
clinical signs and pathology shown by british sheep and cattle infected with bluetongue virus serotype 8 derived from the 2006 outbreak in northern europe.four poll dorset sheep and four holstein-friesian cattle were infected with the northern european strain of bluetongue virus (btv), btv-8, to assess its pathogenicity in uk breeds. the time course of infection was monitored in both species by using real-time reverse transcriptase-pcr (rt-pcr), conventional rt-pcr and serology. two of the sheep developed severe clinical signs that would have been fatal in the field; the other two were moderately and mildly ill, respectively. the cattle were clini ...200717720961
attitudes to badger culling. 200717435105
withdrawal of routine brucellosis testing in beef herds. 200717449717
exploring the role of auction markets in cattle movements within great britain.within great britain cattle are often traded at regional markets, of which there are approximately 200 located throughout england, scotland and wales. the movement of animals through markets was important in the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus during the 2001 gb outbreak. here, we describe the movements of cattle to and from markets for 2002-2004 and, using social network analysis, we construct networks based on these movements. in 2002, 56,227 animal holdings (ah) sent cattle to 22 ...200717482296
risk factors for hide contamination of scottish cattle at slaughter with escherichia coli o157.in the slaughter processing of cattle, contaminated hides have been identified as one of the major sources of escherichia coli o157 carcase contamination. logistic regression analysis was applied to data collected in a large scale study in scotland involving 222 cattle forming 34 groups sent for slaughter from 30 farms to 10 slaughterhouses. aspects of individual animal characteristics, farm management practices and slaughterhouse features were examined to identify potential risk factors for hid ...200717485125
gastrocnemius myopathy in yearling beef cattle. 200717496277
maintaining essential veterinary services. 200717496278
anthelmintic resistance in cattle. 200717496281
seroprevalence of bvdv in cattle of different ages on 17 dairy farms in western england. 200717526896
from 'public service' to artificial insemination: animal breeding science and reproductive research in early twentieth-century britain.artificial insemination (ai) was the first conceptive technology to be widely used in agriculture. whereas at the beginning of the twentieth century all cows in england and wales were mated to bulls, by the end of the 1950s 60% conceived through artificial insemination. by then a national network of 'cattle breeding centres' brought ai within the reach of every farmer. in this paper i explore how artificial insemination, which had few supporters in the 1920s and 1930s, was transformed into an 'i ...200717543839
the work of the animal research station, cambridge.this paper traces the history of the animal research station, cambridge from its establishment in 1932 to its closure in 1986. the author worked there for forty years and was director from 1979. originally set up as a field station for cambridge university's school of agriculture, the station was expanded after world war ii as the agricultural research council's unit of animal reproduction. beginning with semen and artificial insemination, research at the station soon embraced superovulation and ...200717543843
management factors associated with impaired locomotion in dairy cows in england and wales.forty-nine farms in england and wales were visited on 4 occasions between february 2003 and march 2004. a total of 21,693 scores of locomotion were assigned to 7,722 cattle. locomotion was assessed on a 3-point scale by observing the posture of a cow's back while standing and walking (1 = sound, 2 = not sound, 3 = lame). data on measurable factors potentially associated with locomotion were collected from all farms using direct observations of the farm environment and a comprehensive farmer inte ...200717582111
identification of management risk factors for vtec o157 in young-stock in england and wales.we conducted a cross-sectional study on 255 cattle farms in england and wales to identify risk factors for verocytotoxin-producing e. coli o157 (vtec). exposure variables were collected at the levels of the farm and of the group of young-stock within the farms. on each farm a group of young-stock (6-18 months of age) was sampled to establish vtec status. in our multiple logistic regression, farm vtec status was associated with access to springs (or: 0.31, ci95%: 0.12, 0.78) and assessing the wet ...200717582529
the british royal commission on tuberculosis. 200717197674
mastitis and arthritis in two dairy herds caused by mycoplasma bovis. 200717259455
social organization and movement influence the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in an undisturbed high-density badger meles meles population.1. the culling of european badgers meles meles has been a central part of attempts to control bovine tuberculosis (tb) in british cattle for many years. recent results, however, indicate that this approach could in practice enhance disease spread. 2. this paper looks at the relationship between tb incidence and badger ecology in a high-density population in south-west england, which has been the subject of a long-term intensive study. the principal aims were to relate the probability of tb incid ...200717302842
survey of the incidence and aetiology of mastitis on dairy farms in england and wales.a survey of clinical and subclinical mastitis was carried out on 97 dairy farms in england and wales, selected at random from members of a national milk recording scheme. the farmers were asked to collect aseptic milk samples from five consecutive cases of clinical mastitis and from five quarters with high somatic cell counts using a defined protocol, and they completed a questionnaire that included information on the cows sampled, the herd and the history of mastitis in the herd. the samples we ...200717322356
national intervention study of mastitis control in dairy herds in england and wales.an intervention study was carried out on 52 dairy farms in england and wales to determine whether the implementation of a well-specified mastitis control plan in herds with an incidence of clinical mastitis of more than 35 cases per 100 cows per year would reduce the incidence of clinical mastitis, and also reduce the incidence of increases in the somatic cell counts of individual cows. a clearly defined plan for the diagnosis and control of mastitis was developed by two veterinary specialists f ...200717337605
retrospective study of noroviruses in samples of diarrhoea from cattle, using the veterinary laboratories agency's farmfile database.a collaborative study was undertaken by the veterinary laboratories agency (vla) and the royal veterinary college (rvc) to determine the prevalence of bovine noroviruses in cattle with diarrhoea. samples of bovine diarrhoea were provided by the vla from routine diagnostic submissions and a reverse transcription-pcr was used by the rvc to detect the viruses. epidemiological information about the samples was provided retrospectively by the farmfile database. noroviruses were detected in 44 (11 per ...200717351173
analysis of the dermatophyte species isolated in the british isles between 1980 and 2005 and review of worldwide dermatophyte trends over the last three decades.infections of the skin, hair and nails by dermatophyte fungi are common in developed and developing countries alike. however, the species involved and the resulting clinical entities vary both geographically and with time. we have surveyed 15,333 dermatophytes obtained from primary isolations at the mycology reference laboratory, bristol, uk from 1980 through 2005. several striking trends in dermatophyte prevalence were apparent over this period. the relative frequencies of isolations of microsp ...200717365649
mycoplasma mastitis. 200717369483
hoofing it: george stubbs at the frick. 200717385252
ryegrass staggers diagnosed in an organic dairy herd. 200717385256
pox precursors. 200717387780
epidemiology of subclinical dairy cow nematode infections on five farms in england in 2002 and a comparison with results from 1978 to 1979.a detailed study of the epidemiology of subclinical nematode infections in adult dairy cows was conducted on five well-managed english dairy farms during the 2002 grazing season. these same farms had also participated in a similar study in 1978-1979 and thus provided a unique opportunity to compare the epidemiological findings after an interval of over two decades. common factors, including the prevalence of infection, faecal worm egg output, pasture larval count and nematode genera present, and ...200717403583
microbiological differences between cull cattle slaughtered at an abattoir and cull cattle slaughtered on farms.tissue samples from 27 casualty adult dairy cattle slaughtered on farms and 32 'normal' cull dairy cattle were analysed microbiologically for total viable counts (tvc), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli o157, salmonella enterica and campylobacter species. overall the counts of enterobacteriaceae and tvc were higher in the animals slaughtered on farms, particularly in the spleen. one 'normal' animal yielded e coli o157, and one yielded campylobacter jejuni, and eight of the cattle slaughtered ...200718037694
biosecurity. reports blame animal health lab in foot-and-mouth whodunit. 200717872418
fmd in surrey: epidemiological investigations 'ongoing'. 200717966156
reduced incidence of retained fetal membranes in dairy herds supplemented with iodine, selenium and cobalt. 200717982142
outbreak of wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever in ankole cattle.during an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a herd of ankole cattle in a zoological collection, two adult cows and one adult bull from a herd of 15 died or were euthanased between july and november 2004. the clinical, gross postmortem and histological findings were typical of the disease in uk native domestic cattle. the diagnosis was confirmed by serology in two animals, and by pcr in all three; the pcr provided evidence of alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 infection in all three animals an ...200718024925
bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle.in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ...200716434219
no increase in human cases of mycobacterium bovis disease despite resurgence of infections in cattle in the united kingdom.a resurgence of mycobacterium bovis infections in cattle in the united kingdom since the 1980s has raised concern about risks to human health. enhanced surveillance data for england, wales and northern ireland between 1993 and 2003 of culture-positive human m. bovis cases identified 315 m. bovis infections; the mean annual number of cases was 28 (range 12-41). the most frequently reported exposures were consumption of unpasteurized dairy products 41/83 (49%) and exposure to cattle 45/123 (37%). ...200716740186
bovine lymphotrophic herpesvirus in a uk dairy herd. 200616766731
cow-dung colonization and decomposition following insect exclusion.the rate of dung-pat degradation in cattle pastures in south west england was examined between may and september 2002, using batches of standardized, 1.5 kg, artificially-formed cow pats. in pats in which insects were allowed free access, the rate of disappearance, measured as ash-free dry weight, was faster in spring than summer and the loss of organic matter ranged between 0.69 and 1.99% per day, equating to an estimated time for complete disappearance of 57-78 and 88-111 days in spring and su ...200616768820
on distinguishing cause and consequence: do high somatic cell counts lead to lower milk yield or does high milk yield lead to lower somatic cell count?researchers have reported that as milk yield increases composite milk somatic cell count (scc) is diluted in cattle with no intramammary infection (imi) and as a consequence, estimates of scc from high yields are lower than estimates of scc from low yields in dairy cows without an imi. to date, estimates of reduced milk yield associated with high scc because of intramammary infection have not been adjusted for any dilution of scc. ignoring dilution is therefore likely to lead to an overestimate ...200616780974
outbreaks of postparturient haemoglobinuria in dairy herds. 200616829604
bacillary haemoglobinuria in dairy cows. 200616877686
wild rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) as potential carriers of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli.in summer 2001, visitors to a wildlife park in norfolk, uk, became infected with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157, which was associated with wild rabbit faeces. the rabbits lived in an adjacent field together with e coli o157-positive cattle. a pilot study was therefore performed to investigate the factors affecting the association between e coli o157-positive cattle and wild rabbits. samples of faeces were taken from 16 herds of cattle that lived close to populations of wild ...200616891425
tb policy and the badger culling trials. 200616905743
introduction of bovine tuberculosis to north-east england by bought-in cattle.the source of bovine tuberculosis was investigated in 31 herds in north-east england that experienced confirmed breakdowns between january 2002 and june 2004; nine of the herds had been restocked after the uk outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in 2001. in all but one of the breakdowns the most likely source of infection was identified as one or more purchased animals. in 17 of the breakdowns, reactor animals were traced to herds from which the same combination of spoligotype and variable number ...200616946308
ocular complications of barren brome exposure in a suckler herd. 200616980525
modelling the initial spread of foot-and-mouth disease through animal movements.livestock movements in great britain (gb) are well recorded and are a unique record of the network of connections among livestock-holding locations. these connections can be critical for disease spread, as in the 2001 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the uk. here, the movement data are used to construct an individual-farm-based model of the initial spread of fmd in gb and determine the susceptibility of the gb livestock industry to future outbreaks under the current legislative requir ...200617015320
tuberculosis in humans and animals: are we a threat to each other? 200617021307
survey of parasite control on beef farms in south-west england. 200617099179
herd health planning: farmers' perceptions in relation to lameness and mastitis.between december 2002 and december 2003, the herd health planning activities on 61 dairy farms in the uk were compared with several measures of lameness and mastitis. lameness had been reported as a problem in 53 of the herds directly by the farm and in the other eight by the nominating local veterinary practice; 54 of the farms also reported having a mastitis problem. fifty-three (87 per cent) of the farms had some form of written herd health plan, of which 21 (40 per cent) had been in place fo ...200617114380
first insights into the evolution of streptococcus uberis: a multilocus sequence typing scheme that enables investigation of its population biology.intramammary infection with streptococcus uberis is a common cause of bovine mastitis throughout the world. several procedures to differentiate s. uberis isolates have been proposed. however, all are prone to interlaboratory variation, and none is suitable for the description of the population structure. we describe here the development of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for s. uberis to help address these issues. the sequences of seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 160 uni ...200616461695
bovine tuberculosis in cats. 200616489166
new tuberculosis (england) order. 200616489168
new tuberculosis (england) order. 200616489169
bovine tuberculosis in cats. 200616501166
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