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infected abdominal aortic aneurysm due to morganella morganii: ct findings.an infected aortic aneurysm, or mycotic aneurysm, is a rare arterial dilatation due to destruction of the infected vessel wall. common pathogens resulting in an infected aortic aneurysm are salmonella and clostridium species, as well as staphylococcus aureus; morganella morganii, on the other hand, is very rare. an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm has tendencies to grow rapidly and to rupture. the mortality rate is high in patients undergoing emergent surgical intervention. we report the case ...201120352211
immune evasion cluster-positive bacteriophages are highly prevalent among human staphylococcus aureus strains, but they are not essential in the first stages of nasal colonization.the staphylococcus aureus immune evasion cluster (iec), located on β-haemolysin-converting bacteriophages (βc-φs), encodes the immune-modulating proteins chemotaxis inhibitory protein, staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scin), staphylococcal enterotoxin a and staphylokinase. its precise role in s. aureus colonization is unclear. we studied the presence of the iec-carrying bacteriophages in human and animal s. aureus isolates, using pcr for the gene encoding scin (scn). human isolates were obta ...201120370801
fusobacterium nucleatum regulation of neutrophil transcription.abnormal neutrophil responses have been observed in periodontitis patients, including hyper-reactivity in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ros) following exposure to the key quorum-sensing plaque bacterium, fusobacterium nucleatum. this study was designed to characterize the transcriptional response of neutrophils to f. nucleatum.201120663022
mannose-binding lectin (mbl2) and ficolin-2 (fcn2) polymorphisms in patients on peritoneal dialysis with staphylococcal peritonitis.mannose-binding lectin (mbl) and ficolin-2 (fcn) are activators of the lectin pathway of complement and act as primary defences against infection. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mbl2 and fcn2 genes influence the functionality of the proteins. both proteins are capable of binding staphylococci, which are pathogens that frequently cause peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). we studied the role of polymorphisms in the mbl2 and fcn2 genes as a ri ...201120682603
evidence of multiple virulence subtypes in nosocomial and community-associated mrsa genotypes in companion animals from the upper midwestern and northeastern united states.not much is known about the zoonotic transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in companion animals in the united states. we report the rate of prevalence of s. aureus and mrsa recovered from clinical samples of animals requiring treatment at veterinary clinics throughout the upper midwestern and northeastern united states.201120739580
ciprofloxacin-modified electrosynthesized hydrogel coatings to prevent titanium-implant-associated infections.new promising and versatile materials for the development of in situ sustained release systems consisting of thin films of either poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or a copolymer based on poly(ethylene-glycol diacrylate) and acrylic acid were investigated. these polymers were electrosynthesized directly on titanium substrates and loaded with ciprofloxacin (cip) either during or after the synthesis step. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to check the cip entrapment efficiency as well as i ...201120659594
methyl-β-cyclodextrin modified vascular prosthesis: influence of the modification level on the drug delivery properties in different media.a textile polyester vascular graft was modified with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (meβcd) to obtain a new implant capable of releasing antibiotics directly in situ at the site of operation over a prolonged period and thereby prevent post-operative infections. we investigated the influence of the curing parameters (time and temperature) that allow control of the degree of functionalization (df) of the support by meβcd. the inclusion of ciprofloxacin (cfx) in the meβcd cavity was observed in solution by ...201120832508
infection acquisition following intensive care unit room privatization.patients in intensive care units (icus) often acquire infections, which impose a heavy human and financial burden. the use of private rooms may reduce the acquisition of certain pathogens, but the limited evidence on this topic is inconsistent.201121220658
the synthesis and characterization of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-coated magnetite nanoparticles and their effects on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.magnetite nanoparticles (mnps) modified with sodium and calcium salts of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (napga and capga) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method, followed by characterization and evaluation of their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. superparamagnetic mnps are particularly attractive for magnetic driving as well as bacterial biofilm and cell targeting in in vivo applications. characterization of synthesized mnps by the fourier transform infrared spectra and magnetization curves ...201121233545
[71-year old patient with sepsis, pericardial effusion and pulmonary infiltrates.]a 71-year old man with sepsis, hemorrhagic pericardial effusion and pulmonary embolism was admitted on the intensive care unit. in blood cultures and in pericardial effusion, staphylococcus aureus was isolated. transeosophageal echocardiography showed a massive pulmonary valve endocarditis. right-sided endocarditis is a rare variant of endocarditis and may occur in consequence of contaminated drug solutions or infected intravenous catheter. the prognosis is relatively good, worse prognosis show ...201121253681
surface display of human lactoferrin using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein of saccharomyces cerevisiae in pichia pastoris.a cell surface display system was developed in pichia pastoris using the gene tip1, encoding the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored protein of saccharomyces cerevisiae (sctip). human lactoferrin cdna (hlf) was fused to a full-length tip1 dna (sctip ( 630 )) or a short-tip1 fragment (sctip ( 120 )) encoding the 40 c-terminal amino acids of sctip. both hlf-sctip fusion genes were expressed in p. pastoris smd 1168. the fused protein was detected by western blotting after extraction of the ...201121267758
lactobacillus reuteri-produced cyclic dipeptides quench agr-mediated expression of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 in staphylococci.the production of the staphylococcal exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) by staphylococcus aureus has been associated with essentially all cases of menstruation-associated toxic shock syndrome (tss). in this work, we show that the human vaginal isolate lactobacillus reuteri rc-14 produces small signaling molecules that are able to interfere with the staphylococcal quorum-sensing system agr, a key regulator of virulence genes, and repress the expression of tsst-1 in s. aureus mn8, a pr ...201121282650
influenza coinfection and outcomes in children with complicated pneumonia.to determine the impact of influenza coinfection on outcomes for children with complicated pneumonia.201121300649
transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus between human and hamster.transmission of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) between humans and animals is increasingly recognized. we newly document that the transmission of mrsa between human and hamster is possible.201121325561
chemical synthesis of bacterial lipoteichoic acids: an insight on its biological significance.during infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) has a dominant role leading to fulminant pro-inflammatory reactions in the host. as there is no lps in gram-positive bacteria, other microbial cell wall components have been identified to be the causative agent for the pro-inflammatory activity since also gram-positive bacterial infections lead to comparable clinical symptoms and reactions. on search for the "gram-positive endotoxin" a widely accepted hypothe ...201121327200
acute necrotic stomatitis (noma) associated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection in a newly acquired rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta).a newly acquired rhesus macaque was suffering from rapid destruction of the left cheek caused by necrotizing stomatitis.201121332756
purification of a lectin with antibacterial activity from bothrops leucurus snake venom.a novel lectin was isolated from bothrops leucurus snake venom using a combination of affinity and gel filtration chromatographies. the lectin (bll) agglutinated glutaraldehyde-treated rabbit and human erythrocytes with preference for rabbit erythrocytes. galactose, raffinose, lactose, fetal bovine serum and casein inhibited lectin-induced rabbit erythrocyte agglutination. bll, with a molecular mass of 30 kda and composed of two subunits of 15 kda, showed dependence on calcium. bll is an acidic ...201121334449
broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy of peptide a3-apo in mouse models of multidrug-resistant wound and lung infections cannot be explained by in vitro activity against the pathogens involved.although the designer proline-rich antimicrobial peptide a3-apo has only modest activity against escherichia coli and acinetobacter baumannii in vitro, in mouse models of systemic and wound infections it shows superior efficacy compared with conventional antibiotics. in this study, the efficacy of a3-apo in several additional mouse models was investigated, including staphylococcus aureus wound infection, mixed klebsiella pneumoniae-a. baumannii-proteus mirabilis wound infection and k. pneumoniae ...201121353493
differences in toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production after stimulation with heat-killed gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.innate immune surveillance in the blood is executed mostly by circulating monocytes, which recognize conserved bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide. toll-like receptors (tlr) play a central role in microbe-associated molecular pattern detection. the aim of this study was to compare the differences in tlr expression and cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood cells with heat-killed gram-negative and gram-positive human pathogens: neisseria meningitidi ...201121399944
molecular signatures of a disturbed nasal barrier function in the primary tissue of wegener's granulomatosis.wegener's granulomatosis (wg) is a complex autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, frequently involving localized inflammation of the nasal mucosa as an early manifestation. the current hypothesis suggests that the disease is triggered by a disturbed interaction between genetic and environmental effects, such as an altered microflora at mucosal layers. in this study, a systematic assessment of 49 transcripts with potential pathophysiological relevance was performed using quantitative real-time p ...201121412229
cigarette smoke-exposed neutrophils die unconventionally but are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages.pulmonary accumulation of neutrophils is typical for active smokers who are also predisposed to multiple inflammatory and infectious lung diseases. we show that human neutrophil exposure to cigarette smoke extract (cse) leads to an atypical cell death sharing features of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. accumulation of tar-like substances in autophagosomes is also apparent. before detection of established cell death markers, cse-treated neutrophils are effectively recognized and non-phlogistic ...201121412277
modeling antibiotic and cytotoxic effects of the dimeric isoquinoline iq-143 on metabolism and its regulation in staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and human cells.abstract: background: xenobiotics represent an environmental stress and as such are a source for antibiotics, including the isoquinoline (iq) compound iq-143. here, we demonstrate the utility of complementary analysis of both host and pathogen datasets in assessing bacterial adaptation to iq-143, a synthetic analog of the novel type n,c-coupled naphthyl-isoquinoline alkaloid ancisheynine. results: metabolite measurements, gene expression data and functional assays were combined with metabolic mo ...201121418624
unusual heme-binding pas domain from yybt family proteins.yybt family proteins (cog3887) are functionally unknown proteins that are widely distributed among the firmicutes, including the human pathogens staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. recent studies suggested that yybt family proteins are crucial for the in vivo survival of bacterial pathogens during host infection. yybt family proteins contain an n-terminal domain that shares minimum sequence homology with per-arnt-sim (pas) domains. despite the lack of an apparent residue for heme c ...201121257773
monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in a selected stretch of bay of bengal, india.the present work aims at identification of multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in a selected stretch, namely, puri on the bay of bengal, india. six stations at the coast of puri were selected and samples of water and sediment were collected during the winter of 2008 and 2009 for this study. thirty-eight pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from both the water and the sediment of 6 fixed stations (pu-1a, pu-1b, pu-2, pu-3, pu-4, and pu-5). the identified pathogens were escheri ...201121424669
occurrence of genes of putative fibrinogen binding proteins and hemolysins, as well as of their phenotypic correlates in isolates of s. lugdunensis of different origins.abstract:201121477287
antibacterial activity in spices and local medicinal plants against clinical isolates of karachi, pakistan.context: development of resistance in human pathogens against conventional antibiotic necessitates searching indigenous medicinal plants having antibacterial property. twenty-seven medicinal plants used actively in folklore, ayurvedic and traditional system of medicine were selected for the evaluation of their antimicrobial activity for this study. eleven plants chosen from these 27 are used as spices in local cuisine. objective: evaluation of the effectiveness of some medicinal plant extracts a ...201121501041
susceptibility of clinical staphylococcus aureus isolates to innate defense antimicrobial peptides.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are effector molecules of innate immunity. to determine whether amp susceptibility of s. aureus varies according to different types of infection, 102 isolates from patients with s. aureus bacteremia or recurrent skin and soft tissue infection, and colonizing isolates were investigated. using microbroth dilution assays we found a narrow range of mics of human β-defensin-3, cathelicidin ll-37 and bovine indolicidin without significant differences between the groups. c ...201121473929
inference of the transcriptional regulatory network in staphylococcus aureus by integration of experimental and genomics-based evidence.transcriptional regulatory networks are fine-tuned systems, which help microorganisms respond to changes in the environment and cell physiological state. we applied the comparative genomics approach implemented in the regpredict web-server combined with seed subsystem analysis and available information on known regulatory interactions for regulatory network reconstruction in the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus and six related species from the staphylococcaceae family. the resulting referenc ...201121531804
fat embolism syndrome after femur fracture with intramedullary nailing: case report.fat embolism syndrome is a life-threatening condition that can develop after orthopedic injury and surgery. this syndrome developed in a 19-year-old man after a traumatic femoral fracture that was surgically repaired with intramedullary nailing. the complications experienced by the patient highlight the importance of prevention and early detection of fat embolism syndrome. although minimization of the syndrome focuses primarily on prehospital care and early stabilization of a patient's condition ...201121532048
lactobacillus fermentum isolated from human colonic mucosal biopsy inhibits the growth and adhesion of enteric and foodborne pathogens.a number of lactobacillus species are used as probiotic strains in order to benefit health. we have isolated l. fermentum from human colonic mucosal biopsy samples that possess antimicrobial activities against entroinvasive and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, shigella sonnei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio sp. in addition to lactic acid, l. fermentum secretes antimicrobial proteinacious com ...201021535608
in vitro antimicrobial activity of wall teichoic acid biosynthesis inhibitors against staphylococcus aureus isolates.staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of invasive and superficial human infections, is increasingly antibiotic resistant, and is therefore the target for the development of new antimicrobials. compounds (1835f03 and targocil) were recently shown to function as bacteriostatic inhibitors of wall teichoic acid (wta) biosynthesis in s. aureus. to assess the value of targeting wta biosynthesis in human infection, it was therefore of interest to verify the involvement of wta in bacterial binding ...201021098254
destructive pulmonary staphylococcal infection in a boy with hyper-ige syndrome: a novel mutation in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) gene (p.y657s).hyper ige syndrome (hies) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder, characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections, and significantly elevated serum ige level. it was previously diagnosed based on clinical manifestations and laboratory markers that were not specific to the disease. recent studies have demonstrated that mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) cause the autosomal dominant or sporadic hies, which make the disease definitively characte ...201021107604
phytochemical screening and modulation of antibiotic activity by ocimum gratissimum l.escherichia coli is known to produce enterotoxins whose properties and its role in diarrheal disease has been extensively investigated. some species of staphylococcus are often recognized as etiological agents of many animal and human opportunistic infections. this study is the first test of change in resistance of antibiotic activity by ocimum gratissimum l. against multiresistant strains of e. coli and staphylococcus aureus. in this study, the hexane and methanol extract of o. gratissimum l. w ...201021115320
daptomycin-induced eosinophilia without pulmonary involvement.the case of a patient who developed peripheral eosinophilia associated with the use of daptomycin is described.201021116001
synthesis and biological evaluation of some thiazolylpyrazole derivatives as dual anti-inflammatory antimicrobial agents.the synthesis of a novel series of 4-thiazolylpyrazolyl derivatives is described in the present report. all the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity using cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema bioassays. their inhibitory activities of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-1 and cox-2), ulcerogenic effect and acute toxicity were also determined. furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial ...201020970223
desiccation tolerance in staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a multidrug-resistant pathogen that not only causes a diverse array of human diseases, but also is able to survive in potentially dry and stressful environments, such as the human nose, on skin and on inanimate surfaces such as clothing and surfaces. this study investigated parameters governing desiccation tolerance of s. aureus and identified several components involved in the process. initially, the role of environmental parameters such as temperature, growth phase, ce ...201021088825
the expression of toll-like receptors in dermatological diseases and the therapeutic effect of current and newer topical toll-like receptor modulators.toll-like receptors are a group of glycoproteins located mostly in cellular membranes, capable of recognizing certain molecules in exogenous microorganisms and initiating immune responses against them through the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways. toll-like receptors can be stimulated when an inflammatory reaction is needed for the treatment of conditions, such as viral infections or skin cancer, or can be inhibited when a reduction of inflammation is necessary for the treat ...201020877521
different staphylococcus aureus whole bacteria mutated in putative pro-inflammatory membrane components have similar cytokine inducing activity.the role of the different major cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria for immune stimulation is controversial. we thus compared the cytokine inducing capacity of different staphylococcus aureus (sa) mutants lacking either lipoproteins (sa 113δlgt), or wall teichoic acids (wta) (δta), or possessing a reduced d-alanine content in lipoteichoic acid (lta) (sa 113δdlt) to its corresponding wildtype (sa 113wt). inactivated whole bacteria and their purified cell wall components peptidoglycan a ...201020965605
functional assessment of toll-like receptor 2 and its relevance in patients with staphylococcus aureus infection of joint prosthesis.staphylococcus aureus induces inflammation in experimental models through toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). the clinical relevance of this observation is debated. we evaluated the relationship between tlr2 r753q single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and s aureus infection of joint prosthesis. human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cells transfected with wild-type and mutant r753q tlr2 gene were assessed for response to s aureus peptidoglycan. real-time polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing of dna ...201020937339
hypoxia selectively inhibits respiratory burst activity and killing of staphylococcus aureus in human neutrophils.neutrophils play a central role in the innate immune response and a critical role in bacterial killing. most studies of neutrophil function have been conducted under conditions of ambient oxygen, but inflamed sites where neutrophils operate may be extremely hypoxic. previous studies indicate that neutrophils sense and respond to hypoxia via the ubiquitous prolyl hydroxylase/hypoxia-inducible factor pathway and that this can signal for enhanced survival. in the current study, human neutrophils we ...201021135168
novel benzyl-substituted n-heterocyclic carbene-silver acetate complexes: synthesis, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies.from the reaction of 1-methylimidazole (1a), 4,5-dichloro-1h-imidazole (1b(i)) and 1-methylbenzimidazole (1c) with p-cyanobenzyl bromide (2a), non-symmetrically substituted n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) [(3a-c)] precursors, 5,6-dimethyl-1h-benzimidazole (1d) and 4,5-diphenyl-1h-imidazole (1e) with p-cyanobenzyl bromide (2a) and benzyl bromide (2b), symmetrically substituted n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) [(3d-f)] precursors were synthesised. these nhc-precursors were then reacted with silver(i) ace ...201021135954
hyperbranched poly(nipam) polymers modified with antibiotics for the reduction of bacterial burden in infected human tissue engineered skin.the escalating global incidence of bacterial infection, particularly in chronic wounds, is a problem that requires significant improvements to existing therapies. we have developed hyperbranched poly(nipam) polymers functionalized with the antibiotics vancomycin and polymyxin-b that are sensitive to the presence of bacteria in solution. binding of bacteria to the polymers causes a conformational change, resulting in collapse of the polymers and the formation of insoluble polymer/bacteria complex ...201020933276
[evaluation of epidemic risk from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria isolated from water of its various use types].the investigation was concerned with wild gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms (e. coli spp., klebsiella spp., salmonella spp., and the nonfermentative bacteria pseudomonas spp.) isolated from the waters of different types, as well as museum cultures (e. coli strain 1257, e. coli strain 675, salmonella enteritidis atcc 5765, staphylococcus aureus 906, and pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 10145). the wild strains were isolated from water when conducting experimental and field studies; these ...201021341500
isolation of staphylococcus aureus from raw fish in relation to culture methods.five hundred and fifty fish samples from various stages in the course of distribution in hyogo prefecture (209 retailed in super markets, 173 obtained from fishery cooperatives at a harbor, 91 caught by trawling and 77 caught by rod fishing) were examined for contamination with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus). s. aureus was detected in 41 (19.6%) of the retail fish samples and 46 (26.6%) of the samples from the fishery cooperatives. no s. aureus was isolated from the live fish (91 trawled and ...201020953131
human papillomaviruses prevalence and genital co-infections in hiv-seropositive women in ouagadougou (burkina faso).the vaginal swabs among hiv-positive women in africa often revealed opportunistic infections such as human papillomavirus (hpv) and mycoplasma that induce respectively cervix cancer and diseases such as vaginosis, abortions, infertility in through salpingitis. the purposes of this study were to: (1) seek for, the prevalence of pathogens such as hpv and mycoplasma; (2) characterize the strains of hpv and estimate their prevalence; (3) identify among these women, those who were co-infected by thes ...201021313918
septic knee-induced deep venous thrombosis in a young adult.this article describes a case of a 26-year-old man presenting with left knee pain of 1 week's duration, fever, and acute onset of shortness of breath the day of admission. an arthrocentesis of the knee joint was grossly positive for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. a left lower extremity venous duplex showed thrombosis of the superficial femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, peroneal, and gastrocnemius veins. pulmonary computed tomography-angiography was positive for acute pulmonary ...201020954653
detection, molecular characterization, and clonal diversity of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cc398 and cc97 in spanish slaughter pigs of different age groups.the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in slaughter pigs, to characterize the recovered isolates, and to investigate their genomic relatedness. nasal swabs were collected from 53 finishing-pigs (f-pigs) and 53 suckling-piglets (s-piglets) at two different abattoirs in la rioja (northern spain) coming from six production holdings. mrsa isolates were characterized by spa−, agr−, sccmec−, and multilocus sequ ...201020677918
a case report of a septic hip secondary to a psoas abscess.abstract: psoas abscess was first described by mynter in 1881. though rare, its prevalence is increasing with advances in radiology and an increasing ability to accurately diagnose the condition. the symptoms of a psoas abscess can be insidious and nonspecific, and patients often present with a limp, fever, weight loss, and flank or abdominal pain.a psoas abscess can be classified as either primary or secondary depending on the presence or absence of an underlying disease. primary psoas abscess ...201020846379
powerful usage of phylogenetically diverse staphylococcus aureus control strains for detecting multidrug resistance genes in transcriptomics studies.staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen responsible for life-threatening septicemia, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. although positive (mrsa; atcc 33591) and negative (mssa; atcc 25923) control strains have been used for various pathogenesis or assay studies, little is known about the genomic structure of the strains, and there has been little genome-wide expression analysis. phylogenetic analyses revealed that atcc 33591 and atcc 25923 are the most genetically diverse strai ...201020652498
[cutaneous ulcers and glycogen storage disease type 1b].glycogen storage disease type 1b is a rare disorder caused by 6-glucose-phosphatase transport deficiency. it is characterised primarily by metabolic disorders combined with hypoglycaemia and hyperlactacidaemia and a predisposition to staphylococcal infections associated with polynuclear neutrophil abnormality. herein, we report the case of a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1b who developed ulcers of the lower limbs and we discuss the possible significance of this association which, to ...201020470920
evidence-based point-of-care tests and device designs for disaster preparedness.to define pathogen tests and device specifications needed for emerging point-of-care (poc) technologies used in disasters.201021162410
disruption of the alternative pathway convertase occurs at the staphylococcal surface via the acquisition of factor h by staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen that causes skin-structure, invasive, and hospital-associated infections worldwide. the complement system is vital to innate defense against many bacterial infections. as shown with other pathogens, mechanisms for circumventing complement attack may include recruitment of the complement regulatory protein factor h (fh). in the present study, we show that s. aureus binds fh in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. interestingly, this int ...201021163532
requirement of the agr locus for colony spreading of staphylococcus aureus.the important human pathogen staphylococcus aureus is known to spread on soft agar plates. here, we show that colony spreading of s. aureus involves the agr quorum-sensing system. this finding can be related to the agr-dependent expression of biosurfactants, such as phenol-soluble modulins, suggesting a connection between spreading motility and virulence.201021169484
additive effects of orexin b and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on ll-37-mediated antimicrobial activities.the present study examined the bactericidal effects of orexin b (orxb) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) alone or combined with cationic antimicrobial peptides, such as ll-37, on escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococcus mutans and staphylococcus aureus. the bactericidal effect of orxb or vip alone was detected in low nacl concentration, but attenuated in physiological nacl concentration (150 mm). however, such attenuated bactericidal activities of orxb and vip in 150 mm nacl ...201021176972
staphylococcus aureus toxin gene hitchhikes on a transferable antibiotic resistance element.virulence and antibiotic resistance of the dangerous human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are to large extent determined by the acquisition of mobile genetic elements (mges). up to now, these elements were known to comprise either resistance or virulence determinants, but not a mixture of the two. queck et al. now found a cytolysin gene of the phenol-soluble modulin (psm) family within sccmec elements, which contain methicillin resistance genes and are largely responsible for the spread of methi ...201021178414
asymptomatic bacteriuria among hiv positive pregnant women.the prognostic significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria resides in the observation that the prevalence is, relatively, high in persons with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. this prevalence might, even, be higher in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. hence, this study set out to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among symptom free and newly enrolled hiv infected pregnant women attending pmtct unit of antiretroviral clinic o ...201021178431
[chlorhexidine as a root canal irrigant--antimicrobial and scanning electron microscopic evaluation].selection of irrigant is very important for long-term success of root canal therapy.201021180084
exogenous heat shock protein hsp70 suppresses bacterial pathogen-induced activation of human neutrophils. 201021184302
cutting edge: nlrc5-dependent activation of the inflammasome.the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins, nlrs, are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. a subgroup of nlrs can form inflammasome complexes, which facilitate the maturation of procaspase 1 to caspase 1, leading to il-1β and il-18 cleavage and secretion. nlrc5 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and has not been studied for inflammasome function. rna interference-mediated knockdown of n ...201021191067
orientation and expression of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus small rnas by direct multiplexed measurements using the ncounter of nanostring technology.staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterial opportunist responsible for a wide spectrum of infections. several genomes of this major human pathogen have been publicly available for almost 10 years, but comprehensive links between virulence or epidemicity and genome content of the bacterium are still missing. this project aims at characterizing a set of small transcribed molecules currently ignored by standard automated annotation algorithms. we assessed the nanostring's ncounter analysis syst ...201021195730
the human nasal microbiota and staphylococcus aureus carriage.colonization of humans with staphylococcus aureus is a critical prerequisite of subsequent clinical infection of the skin, blood, lung, heart and other deep tissues. s. aureus persistently or intermittently colonizes the nares of approximately 50% of healthy adults, whereas approximately 50% of the general population is rarely or never colonized by this pathogen. because microbial consortia within the nasal cavity may be an important determinant of s. aureus colonization we determined the compos ...201020498722
antibacterial effects of tungsten nanoparticles on the escherichia coli strains isolated from catheterized urinary tract infection (uti) cases and staphylococcus aureus.a significant proportion of all incidents of nosocomial infections in acute-care hospitals is due to contaminated catheters. alternative strategies e.g. antibiotics as well as surface modifications have been devised in an attempt to reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (cauti), but most have proven unsuccessful. therefore, the race to identify such substances which can combat pathogenic bacteria is ongoing in order to improve the quality of health care. novel tech ...201021213591
clinical aspects and genetic analysis of taiwanese patients with the phenotype of hyper-immunoglobulin e recurrent infection syndromes (hies).hyper-immunoglobulin e recurrent infection syndromes (hies) has characteristic features and identified mutations. this study investigated clinical features and causal candidate mutations in taiwanese patients with the hies phenotype on referral base over 23 million inhabitants.201021120687
the heme sensing response regulator hssr in staphylococcus aureus but not the homologous rr23 in listeria monocytogenes modulates susceptibility to the antimicrobial peptide plectasin.host defence peptides (hdps), also known as antimicrobial peptides (amps), have emerged as potential new therapeutics and their antimicrobial spectrum covers a wide range of target organisms. however, the mode of action and the genetics behind the bacterial response to hdps is incompletely understood and such knowledge is required to evaluate their potential as antimicrobial therapeutics. plectasin is a recently discovered hdp active against gram-positive bacteria with the human pathogen, staphy ...201021122114
establishment of a mouse iga nephropathy model with the mbp-20-peptide fusion protein.here, we aimed to determine whether immunoglobulin-a nephropathy (igan) could be induced in balb/c mice by immunizing them with a fusion protein (mbp-20 peptide) comprising the maltose-binding protein (mbp) and a 20-amino-acid peptide derived from staphylococcus aureus. a recombinant plasmid encoding the fusion protein was constructed and expressed in bacterial cells. the synthetic 20-peptide was used to prepare the monoclonal antibody. balb/c mice were immunized with the mbp-20-peptide fusion p ...201020730864
two genes on a/j chromosome 18 are associated with susceptibility to staphylococcus aureus infection by combined microarray and qtl analyses.although it has recently been shown that a/j mice are highly susceptible to staphylococcus aureus sepsis as compared to c57bl/6j, the specific genes responsible for this differential phenotype are unknown. using chromosome substitution strains (css), we found that loci on chromosomes 8, 11, and 18 influence susceptibility to s. aureus sepsis in a/j mice. we then used two candidate gene selection strategies to identify genes on these three chromosomes associated with s. aureus susceptibility, and ...201020824097
nuclease expression by staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps.neutrophils are key effectors of the host innate immune response against bacterial infection. staphylococcus aureus is a preeminent human pathogen, with an ability to produce systemic infections even in previously healthy individuals, thereby reflecting a resistance to effective neutrophil clearance. the recent discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) has opened a novel dimension in our understanding of how these specialized leukocytes kill pathogens. nets consist of a nuclear dna back ...201020829609
multiple antibacterial histone h2b proteins are expressed in tissues of american oyster.we have previously identified a histone h2b isomer (cvh2b-1) from tissue extracts of the bivalve mollusk, the american oyster (crassostrea virginica). in this paper, we isolate an additional three antibacterial proteins from acidified gill extract by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. extraction of these proteins from tissue was best accomplished by briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. additio ...201021145411
diversity of accessory genome of human and livestock-associated st398 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains.molecular typing of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has documented the diversity of the genetic background of strains associated with healthcare (ha-mrsa), community (ca-mrsa) and livestock (la-mrsa). the accessory and core-variable genomes of those strains however remain largely unknown.201021145988
specificity for human hemoglobin enhances staphylococcus aureus infection.iron is required for bacterial proliferation, and staphylococcus aureus steals this metal from host hemoglobin during invasive infections. this process involves hemoglobin binding to the cell wall of s. aureus, heme extraction, passage through the cell envelope, and degradation to release free iron. herein, we demonstrate an enhanced ability of s. aureus to bind hemoglobin derived from humans as compared to other mammals. increased specificity for human hemoglobin (hhb) translates into an improv ...201021147468
staphylococcal superantigen-like protein 5 inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 9 from human neutrophils.staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (ssls) constitute a family of exoproteins exhibiting structural similarities to superantigens and enterotoxins but no superantigenic activity. in this article, we present evidence that ssl5 specifically binds to matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) and inhibits its enzymatic activity. when human neutrophil cell lysate was applied to recombinant his-tagged ssl5 conjugated to sepharose, the bound fraction gave a major band of approximately 100 kda in sds-pol ...201020479083
prominent human health impacts from several marine microbes: history, ecology, and public health implications.this paper overviews several examples of important public health impacts by marine microbes and directs readers to the extensive literature germane to these maladies. these examples include three types of dinoflagellates (gambierdiscus spp., karenia brevis, and alexandrium fundyense), bmaa-producing cyanobacteria, and infectious microbes. the dinoflagellates are responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and paralytic shellfish poisoning, respectively, that have pl ...201020976073
the antimicrobial and phagocytic defense mechanisms of the terrestrial gastropod lehmannia nyctelia against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus.gastropods are significant vectors of human infectious diseases and are exposed to a wide range of soil parasites and micro-organisms. to defend against infection, we hypothesized that the slug produces both soluble and cellular defense mechanisms.201020980950
occurrence of foodborne pathogens and characterization of staphylococcus aureus in cheese produced on farm-dairies.the objective of this study was to address knowledge gaps identified in an earlier risk assessment of staphylococcus aureus and raw milk cheese. a survey of fresh and short-time ripened cheeses produced on farm-dairies in sweden was conducted to investigate the occurrence and levels of s. aureus, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli, to characterize s. aureus isolates with special emphasis on enterotoxin genes, antibiotic resistance, bio-typing and genetic variation, and to collect inform ...201021035884
infectious complications in the early postoperative period in liver transplant patients.liver transplantation (ltx) is a technically well established procedure in acute and in end-stage liver diseases. however, opportunistic infections remain one of the important complications in short and long-term outcome of ltx patients. bloodstream and pulmonary infections are the major cause of death in the first year following liver transplantation. due to extended use of chinolons and third generation cephalosporines there is a shift towards multidrug-resistant bacteria including methicillin ...201021037551
plasma protein binding may reduce antimicrobial activity by preventing intra-bacterial uptake of antibiotics, for example clindamycin.although plasma protein binding (ppb) is accepted to be an essential factor in reducing antimicrobial activity, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. one possibility includes impaired penetration of an antimicrobial into bacterial cells in the presence of ppb. as a prerequisite for testing this hypothesis an optimized medium displaying high protein binding without impairing bacterial growth had to be identified for our model compound clindamycin.201021044975
[comparative research of the efficacy of the gatifloxacin and levofloxacin for bacterial conjunctivitis in human eyes].to evaluate the different efficacy and safety to the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis between the fluoroquinolone antibiotics gatifloxacin and levofloxacin.201021055198
anti-inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria-derived factors.catechins (bioactive polyphenols in green tea) are known to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties. however, the anti-inflammatory effects of catechins on inflamed dental pulp tissue are not known. in this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and epicatechin gallate (ecg), the major components of green tea catechins, on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp cells stimulated with bacteria-derived factors suc ...201020487003
statins enhance formation of phagocyte extracellular traps.statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. recent clinico-epidemiologic studies correlate patients receiving statin therapy with having reduced mortality associated with severe bacterial infection. investigating the effect of statins on the innate immune capacity of phagocytic cells against the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus, we uncovered a beneficial effect of statins on bacterial clearance by ...201021075355
[bacteremia on femoral catheter infection: an unusual cause of orbital cellulitis].the authors report a case of orbital cellulitis complicating bacteremia on central catheter infection. a 51-year-old man, with a history of diabetes and end-stage renal disease, was admitted for left exophthalmos with inflammatory chemosis, fever, and worsening of his general state. the ct scan showed exophthalmos with thickening of soft tissues and infiltration of the ocular fat without collection or sinus impairment. orbital cellulitis was diagnosed. the etiological investigations showed staph ...201020494474
effect of flash-heat treatment on antimicrobial activity of breastmilk.abstract background and objectives: the world health organization recommends human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive mothers in resource-poor regions heat-treat expressed breastmilk during periods of increased maternal-to-child transmission risk. flash-heat, a "low tech" pasteurization method, inactivates hiv, but effects on milk protein bioactivity are unknown. the objectives were to measure flash-heat's effect on antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and whole milk and on the ...201021091243
contribution of il-18 to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by immunization and challenge with staphylococcus aureus proteins.we previously reported that intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (ova) plus il-18 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice with ova-specific t(h)1 cells. these two conditions can be prevented by neutralizing anti-ifn-gamma and anti-il-13 antibodies, respectively. the mice develop ahr and eosinophilic airway inflammation after challenge with ova plus lps instead of il-18 and endogenous il-18 is known to be involved. in contrast, il-18 does not facilitat ...201020497957
antimicrobial phenalenone derivatives from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale.the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale was isolated from the green alga enteromorpha sp. and found to produce the new phenalenone derivatives 1-7 as well as the known compounds lactone 8, (-) sclerodin (9), lamellicolic anhydride (10), (-) scleroderolide (11), and (-) sclerodione (12). the structures of these closely related compounds were established from extensive spectroscopic investigations on the basis of one and two dimensional nmr spectroscopic studies ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, noesy, h ...201021103541
staphylococcus aureus ai-2 quorum sensing associates with the kdpde two-component system to regulate capsular polysaccharide synthesis and virulence.autoinducer 2 (ai-2) is widely recognized as a signal molecule for intra- and interspecies communication in gram-negative bacteria, but its signaling function in gram-positive bacteria, especially in staphylococcus aureus, remains obscure. here we reveal the role of luxs in the regulation of capsular polysaccharide synthesis in s. aureus nctc8325 and show that ai-2 can regulate gene expression and is involved in some physiological activities in s. aureus as a signaling molecule. inactivation of ...201020498265
testing spatiotemporal hypothesis of bacterial evolution using methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus st239 genome-wide data within a bayesian framework.staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of infections that has undergone rapid global spread over recent decades. formal phylogeographic methods have not yet been applied to the molecular epidemiology of bacterial pathogens because the limited genetic diversity of data sets based on individual genes usually results in poor phylogenetic resolution. here, we investigated a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) data set of health care-associated methicillin-resistant s. aureus sequence ...201021112962
patients with acute pancreatitis complicated by organ failure show highly aberrant monocyte signaling profiles assessed by phospho-specific flow cytometry.to outline signaling profiles and transmigration capacity of monocytes of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.201020512034
treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive bacteria.an increasing proportion of staphylococcus aureus infections are caused by methicillin-resistant s aureus. treatment of infections caused by this organism is challenging, especially because therapy with vancomycin, the traditional antibiotic of choice for methicillin-resistant s aureus infections, is associated with an increasing frequency of treatment failure, and vancomycin insensitive and vancomycin-resistant strains have emerged. in addition, enterococcus sp. isolated from human infections a ...201020823699
enhancement of antibacterial effects of extracts from cirsium species using sodium picolinate and estimation of their toxicity.in this study, antimicrobial properties and toxicity of extracts from cirsium spp.: cirsium arvense, c. oleraceum, c. palustre, c. rivulare and c. vulgare in combination with sodium picolinate (ps) or sodium benzoate (bs), were investigated. three micro-organisms were used: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of extracts was found at 1.56-50.0 mg ml(-1). unlike the case of bs, adding ps to extracts from flowers of c. palustr ...201020397105
chemical composition and antibacterial activities of illicium verum against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.in recent years, human pathogenic microorganisms have developed multiple drug resistance and caused serious nosocomial infections. in this study, we identified four new antimicrobial compounds from the chinese herbal medicine illicium verum and assessed their antibacterial efficacies. the supercritical co₂ and ethanol extracts of illicium verum showed substantial antibacterial activity against 67 clinical drug-resistant isolates, including 27 acinetobacter baumannii, 20 pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ...201020828316
inhibition of biological activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) by apple juice and apple polyphenols.the foodborne pathogen staphylococcus aureus produces the virulent staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea), a single-chain protein that consists of 233 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 27 078 da. sea is a superantigen that is reported to contribute to animal (mastitis) and human (emesis, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and toxic shock) syndromes. changes of the native structural integrity may inactivate the toxin by preventing molecular interaction with cell membrane receptor si ...201020402509
a mouse model of post-arthroplasty staphylococcus aureus joint infection to evaluate in vivo the efficacy of antimicrobial implant coatings.post-arthroplasty infections represent a devastating complication of total joint replacement surgery, resulting in multiple reoperations, prolonged antibiotic use, extended disability and worse clinical outcomes. as the number of arthroplasties in the u.s. will exceed 3.8 million surgeries per year by 2030, the number of post-arthroplasty infections is projected to increase to over 266,000 infections annually. the treatment of these infections will exhaust healthcare resources and dramatically i ...201020830204
fulminant fatal swine influenza (h1n1): myocarditis, myocardial infarction, or severe influenza pneumonia?the swine influenza (h1n1) pandemic began in mexico and rapidly spread worldwide. as is the case with pandemic influenza a, the majority of early deaths have been in young healthy adults. the complications of pandemic h1n1 have been reported from several centers. noteworthy has been the relative rarity of bacterial coinfection in bacterial pneumonia in hospitalized adults with h1n1 pneumonia. simultaneous bacterial community-acquired pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus o ...201020831976
intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.the intracellular penetration and activity of ub-8902 in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. intracellular ub-8902 concentrations were 6-fold higher than extracellular levels. uptake was rapid, reversible, saturable, and affected by external ph. ub-8902 showed intracellular activity against staphylococcus aureus strains presenting mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in the gyra and/or grla genes.201020417992
the environment as a factor in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus transmission.in recent years, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has become a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality in the united states. the epidemiology of the organism has changed, with novel strains emerging in the community among individuals lacking any healthcare contact. although direct human-to-human transmission via skin contact is one way for this organism to spread, transmission via environmental contamination of fomites or through air are other potential ways ...201020839557
size-based separations as an important discriminator in development of proximity ligation assays for protein or organism detection.proximity ligation is a powerful technique to measure minute concentrations of target protein with high specificity, and it has been demonstrated to be effective on a wide variety of protein targets. the proximity ligation assay (pla) technique is shown to be compromised by the amplification of a nonspecific fluorescent product that is not indicative of protein presence, which was previously unidentified in a published procedure. this result illuminates the complexity of designing the optimal pl ...201020419707
tlr-2-mediated cytokine and chemokine secretion in human keratinocytes.the human epidermis provides a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens. resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. with staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. they establish the local cytokine and chemokine milieu which is necessary for attracting other cells participating in an immune response. toll-like receptor (tlr)-2 recognizes components of s. aureus and is known to be e ...201020849532
risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats: a case-control study.risk factors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection in dogs and cats were investigated in an unmatched case-control study. a total of 197 animals from 150 veterinary practices across the united kingdom was enrolled, including 105 mrsa cases and 92 controls with methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) infection. the association of owners and veterinarian staff with the human healthcare sector (hcs) and animal-related characteristics such as signalment, antimicrobial and ...201020423695
cystic fibrosis: deciphering the complexity. 201020880408
isolation of culturable microorganisms from free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern united states.reports of diseases in marine mammals are increasing worldwide, however our understanding of the microorganisms associated with marine mammals is still limited. in this study, we cultured bacteria and fungi isolated from the upper respiratory tract (blowhole), gastric fluid and anus of 180 wild bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) from two estuarine locations along the southeastern atlantic coast of the united states. a total of 339 and 491 isolates from charleston, sc (chs) and indian river ...201020888150
purulent spondylitis related to anastomotic fistula after esophageal cancer surgery.a 73-year-old man underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for advanced esophageal cancer with palliative intent. cervical esophagogastrostomy with circular-stapled end-to-side anastomosis was performed; however, anastomotic fistula developed. fever, severe pain in the nape of the neck and numbness of the left hand were noted after drainage by wide opening of cervicotomy and the administration of empiric antibiotics. magnetic reson ...201020442207
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