Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| polymerase chain reaction survey of feline haemoplasma infections in greece. | the aim of this study was to use real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to determine the prevalence of three haemoplasma species in cats from greece and to evaluate possible associations between haemoplasma infection and age, gender, feline immunodeficiency virus/feline leukaemia virus (fiv/felv) status and packed cell volume (pcv). ninety-seven cats (24 ill anaemic, 55 ill non-anaemic, 18 healthy non-anaemic) were included in the study. twenty cats (20.6%) were haemoplasma positive; seven c ... | 2010 | 20580298 |
| does a feline leukemia virus infection pave the way for bartonella henselae infection in cats? | domestic cats serve as the reservoir hosts of bartonella henselae and may develop mild clinical symptoms or none after experimental infection. in humans, b. henselae infection can result in self-limiting cat scratch disease. however, immunocompromised patients may suffer from more-severe courses of infection or may even develop the potentially lethal disease bacillary angiomatosis. it was reasoned that cats with immunocompromising viral infections may react similarly to b. henselae infection. th ... | 2010 | 20610682 |
| malignant lymphoma in african lions (panthera leo). | malignant lymphoma has become an increasingly recognized problem in african lions (panthera leo). eleven african lions (9 male and 2 female) with clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of malignant lymphoma were evaluated in this study. all animals were older adults, ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. immunohistochemically, 10 of the 11 lions had t-cell lymphomas (cd3(+), cd79a(-)), and 1 lion was diagnosed with a b-cell lymphoma (cd3(-), cd79a(+)). the spleen appeared to be the prima ... | 2010 | 20610770 |
| interferon-tau: current applications and potential in antiviral therapy. | interferon-tau (ifn-tau) was initially identified as an ovine pregnancy protein. produced by the trophoblast, it is important in preventing degradation of the corpus luteum and has been used as an early marker for ovine pregnancy. as a member of the family of type i interferons, ifn-tau has demonstrated promising antiviral activity against human viral infections in vitro. additionally, it displays high species cross-reactivity despite its absence in humans. to date, ifn-tau has shown efficacy in ... | 2010 | 20626290 |
| modulation of the virus-receptor interaction by mutations in the v5 loop of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) following in vivo escape from neutralising antibody. | in the acute phase of infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), the virus targets activated cd4+ t cells by utilising cd134 (ox40) as a primary attachment receptor and cxcr4 as a co-receptor. the nature of the virus-receptor interaction varies between isolates; strains such as gl8 and cpgammer recognise a "complex" determinant on cd134 formed by cysteine-rich domains (crds) 1 and 2 of the molecule while strains such as ppr and b2542 require a more "simple" determinant comprising crd1 o ... | 2010 | 20420700 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus model for designing hiv/aids vaccines. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) discovered in 1986 is a lentivirus that causes aids in domestic cats. fiv is classified into five subtypes (a-e), and all subtypes and circulating intersubtype recombinants have been identified throughout the world. a commercial fiv vaccine, consisting of inactivated subtype-a and -d viruses (fel-o-vax fiv, fort dodge animal health), was released in the united states in 2002. the united states department of agriculture approved the commercial release of fel-o- ... | 2010 | 20210778 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) as a model for study of lentivirus infections: parallels with hiv. | fiv is a significant pathogen in the cat and is, in addition, the smallest available natural model for the study of lentivirus infections. although divergent at the amino acid level, the cat lentivirus has an abundance of structural and pathophysiological commonalities with hiv and thus serves well as a model for development of intervention strategies relevant to infection in both cats and man. the following review highlights both the strengths and shortcomings of the fiv/cat model, particular a ... | 2010 | 20210782 |
| dual-emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) real-time pcr differentiates feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes and discriminates infected from vaccinated cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is among the most common infectious agents of cats. five well-characterized fiv subtypes, a, b, c, d, and e, are recognized worldwide. as in hiv diagnosis, serum antibodies against fiv classically serve as an indicator of infection status. after the introduction of an inactivated fiv vaccine, this approach has become problematic, since antibodies generated by vaccination are indistinguishable from antibodies in response to infection. however, pcr detection of ... | 2010 | 20335417 |
| risk analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) and domestic cats using a geographic information system. | in this study, based on the data from fiv screening surveys of captive cats conducted by the kyushu veterinary union and collaborators as part of the infection control program for tsushima leopard cats (prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus), we elucidated the spatial distribution of fiv-positive individuals among leopard cats and domestic cats using a geographic information system. data from fiv screening surveys carried out among 86 leopard cats (1996-2006) and 713 captive domestic cats (2001-20 ... | 2010 | 20379084 |
| restrictions to cross-species transmission of lentiviral infection gleaned from studies of fiv. | more than 40 species of primates and over 20 species of cats harbor antibodies that sero-react to lentiviral antigens. in nearly all cases where viral genetic analysis has been conducted, each host species is infected with a unique lentivirus. though lentivirus clades within a species can be substantially divergent, they are typically monophyletic within that species. a notable significant departure from this observation is apparent cross-species transmission of fiv between bobcats (lynx rufus) ... | 2010 | 19896218 |
| molecular epidemiology of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (felis catus). | studying the evolutionary mechanisms of feline immunodeficiency virus in the domestic cat (felis catus), fiv(fca), provides a good comparison to other lentiviruses, such as hiv and fiv(pco) in the cougar (puma concolor). we review the current epidemiological and evolutionary findings of fiv(fca). in addition to the five accepted fiv(fca), subtypes, several recent phylogenetic studies have found strains that form separate clades, indicative of novel subtypes. in new zealand cats, these strains of ... | 2010 | 19896220 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus env gene evolution in experimentally infected cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), an immunosuppressive lentivirus found in cats worldwide, is studied to illuminate mechanisms of lentiviral pathogenesis and to identify key components of protective immunity. during replication, lentiviruses accumulate errors of nucleotide mis-incorporation due to the low-fidelity of reverse transcriptase and recombination between viral variants, resulting in the emergence of a complex viral "quasispecies". in patients infected with hiv-1, env sequences may v ... | 2010 | 19897254 |
| phylogenetic analysis suggests independent introduction of feline immunodeficiency virus clades a and b to central europe and identifies diverse variants of clade b. | phylogenetic analysis of european feline immunodeficiency virus sequences confirms a highly distinct pattern in the occurrence of fiv-subtypes within germany and austria, indicating little mixing and at least two independent introductions of fiv. there is also evidence for a north to south gradient of fiv subtype distribution in europe, with subtype a being more common in the north, while subtype b is prevalent in the south of europe. in addition, among austrian subtype b sequences, considerable ... | 2010 | 19910056 |
| fiv gag: virus assembly and host-cell interactions. | infection of domestic cats with virulent strains of the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) leads to an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), similar to the pathogenesis induced in humans by infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). thus, fiv is a highly relevant model for anti-hiv therapy and vaccine development. fiv is not infectious in humans, so it is also a potentially effective non-toxic gene therapy vector. to make better use of this model, it is important to define ... | 2010 | 19910057 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) in wild pallas' cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a feline lentivirus related to hiv, causes immune dysfunction in domestic and wild cats. the pallas' cat is the only species from asia known to harbor a species-specific strain of fiv designated fiv(oma) in natural populations. here, a 25% seroprevalence of fiv is reported from 28 wild mongolian pallas' cats sampled from 2000 to 2008. phylogenetic analysis of proviral rt-pol from eight fiv(oma) isolates from mongolia, russia, china and kazakhstan reveals a un ... | 2010 | 19926144 |
| 9th international feline retrovirus research symposium 2008. preface. | 2010 | 19931187 | |
| frequent detection of papillomavirus dna in clinically normal skin of cats infected and noninfected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) often contain felis domesticus papillomavirus type 2 (fdpv-2) dna. while this may suggest fdpv-2 causes feline scc development, the proportion of cats that are asymptomatically infected by this pv is unknown. infection by feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is associated with high rates of cutaneous scc development, possibly due to increased pv infection. this study examines the frequency of cutaneous asymptomatic fdpv-2 infections in cats and com ... | 2010 | 20042039 |
| coombs', haemoplasma and retrovirus testing in feline anaemia. | to investigate the associations between coombs' testing, haemoplasma and retroviral infections, and feline anaemia. | 2010 | 20070499 |
| acute mucosal pathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus is independent of viral dose in vaginally infected cats. | the mucosal pathogenesis of hiv has been shown to be an important feature of infection and disease progression. hiv-1 infection causes depletion of intestinal lamina propria cd4+ t cells (lpl), therefore, intestinal cd4+ t cell preservation may be a useful correlate of protection in evaluating vaccine candidates. vaccine studies employing the cat/fiv and macaque/siv models frequently use high doses of parenterally administered challenge virus to ensure high plasma viremia in control animals. how ... | 2010 | 20085648 |
| the distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus in tissue compartments of feral domestic cats. | 2010 | 20112119 | |
| env-expressing autologous t lymphocytes induce neutralizing antibody and afford marked protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. | the envelope (env) glycoproteins of hiv and other lentiviruses possess neutralization and other protective epitopes, yet all attempts to induce protective immunity using env as the only immunogen have either failed or afforded minimal levels of protection. in a novel prime-boost approach, specific-pathogen-free cats were primed with a plasmid expressing env of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then boosted with their own t lymphoc ... | 2010 | 20130057 |
| association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease and feline immunodeficiency virus infection status in cats. | to investigate the association between naturally occurring chronic kidney disease (ckd) and fiv infection status in cats in australia. | 2010 | 20151865 |
| dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus vaccine provides 12 months of protective immunity against heterologous challenge. | the duration of immunity of the dual-subtype feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccine, fel-o-vax fiv, for protection against subtype-b fiv was assessed in this study. vaccinated cats along with controls were challenged with fiv(fc1), a subtype-b fiv strain, 54 weeks after the final vaccination, and monitored for 46-48 weeks for provirus and viral rna in peripheral blood, provirus in lymphoid organs, and cd4:cd8 ratios. results of provirus detection in peripheral blood and lymphoid organs and ... | 2010 | 20167521 |
| the epidemiology of lion lentivirus infection among a population of free-ranging lions (panthera leo) in the kruger national park, south africa. | feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus of domestic cats that causes significant lifelong infection. infection with this or similar lentiviruses has been detected in several nondomestic feline species, including african lions (panthera leo). although lion lentivirus (fivple) infection is endemic in certain lion populations in eastern and southern africa, little is known about its pathogenic effects or its epidemiological impact in free-ranging lions. this report describes the epidemiologic ... | 2009 | 20169747 |
| [receptors for animal retroviruses]. | diseases caused by animal retroviruses have been recognized since 19th century in veterinary field. most livestock and companion animals have own retroviruses. to disclose the receptors for these retroviruses will be useful for understanding retroviral pathogenesis, developments of anti-retroviral drugs and vectors for human and animal gene therapies. of retroviruses in veterinary field, receptors for the following viruses have been identified; equine infectious anemia virus, feline immunodefici ... | 2009 | 20218331 |
| use of combined conventional and real-time pcr to determine the epidemiology of feline haemoplasma infections in northern italy. | although knowledge of feline haemotropic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas) has dramatically improved in recent years, some issues still remain to be elucidated. the aim of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of feline haemoplasma infections in blood samples collected from cats in northern italy. a convenience-sample of 307 cats (40 anaemic; 258 non-anaemic; nine with unknown haematocrit [hct]) was investigated using polymerase chain reaction assays. furthermore, the date of blood collectio ... | 2009 | 18790658 |
| prevalence of hematological abnormalities and detection of infected bone marrow cells in asymptomatic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | peripheral blood cytopenia such as anemia, leukopenia with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia is frequently observed in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). although previous studies report that cytopenia has been observed in fiv-infected symptomatic cats, yet the asymptomatic cats also present cytopenia occasionally. in the present study, hematological and virological analyses in fiv-infected asymptomatic cats were carried out to understand the prevalence and pathogenesis of pe ... | 2009 | 19110384 |
| safety and immunogenicity of the mycobacterium tuberculosis deltalysa deltapancd vaccine in domestic cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-positive and fiv-negative cats (n=4/group) received 2 x 10(6) cfu mycobacterium tuberculosis deltalysa deltapancd intramuscularly. vaccination elicited antibody responses, albeit at lower levels in fiv-positive cats than in fiv-negative cats. delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were minimal in both groups. no adverse reactions were found. | 2009 | 19144788 |
| enforced covalent trimerisation of soluble feline cd134 (ox40)-ligand generates a functional antagonist of feline immunodeficiency virus. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) targets activated cd4-positive helper t cells preferentially, inducing an aids-like immunodeficiency in its natural host species, the domestic cat. the primary receptor for fiv is cd134, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (tnfrsf) and all primary viral strains tested to date use cd134 for infection. to investigate the effect of the natural ligand for cd134 on fiv infection, feline cd134l was cloned and expressed in soluble forms. h ... | 2009 | 19181384 |
| feline leukemia virus and other pathogens as important threats to the survival of the critically endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | background: the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) is considered the most endangered felid species in the world. in order to save this species, the spanish authorities implemented a captive breeding program recruiting lynxes from the wild. in this context, a retrospective survey on prevalence of selected feline pathogens in free-ranging lynxes was initiated. methodology/ principal findings: we systematically analyzed the prevalence and importance of seven viral, one protozoan (cytauxzoon felis), and s ... | 2009 | 19270739 |
| when domestic cat (felis silvestris catus) population structures interact with their viruses. | many theoretical studies have proposed different causal mechanisms by which the structure of a host population could have important implications for life history traits of pathogens. however, little information is available from real systems to test these hypotheses. the domestic cat, felis silvestris catus, whose populations exhibit a great variability in social and spatial structure, represent an ideal case study to assess this question. in the present article, we show how cat population struc ... | 2009 | 19281962 |
| a novel method for producing target cells and assessing cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity in outbred hosts. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes play a crucial role in the immunological control of microbial infections and in the design of vaccines and immunotherapies. measurement of cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity requires that the test antigen is presented by target cells having the same or compatible class i major histocompatibility complex antigens as the effector cells. conventional assays use target cells labeled with 51chromium and infer cytotoxic t lymphocyte activity by measuring the isotope released by th ... | 2009 | 19284578 |
| seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and concurrent bartonella spp., feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline leukemia virus infections in cats from grenada, west indies. | toxoplasma gondii and bartonella spp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) are related to human immunodeficiency virus, and human leukemia virus, respectively; all of these viruses are immunosuppressive. in the present study, the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondi, bartonella spp., fiv, as well as felv antigen were determined in sera from 75 domestic and 101 feral cats (felis catus) from the caribbean island of grenada, west indie ... | 2009 | 19385716 |
| pathological manifestations of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection in wild african lions. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes aids in the domestic cat (felis catus) but has not been explicitly associated with aids pathology in any of the eight free-ranging species of felidae that are endemic with circulating fiv strains. african lion (panthera leo) populations are infected with lion-specific fiv strains (fivple), yet there remains uncertainty about the degree to which fiv infection impacts their health. reported cd4+ t-lymphocyte depletion in fivple-infected lions and anecdota ... | 2009 | 19464039 |
| feline immunodeficiency. abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | overview: feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a retrovirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus. most felids are susceptible to fiv, but humans are not. feline immunodeficiency virus is endemic in domestic cat populations worldwide. the virus loses infectivity quickly outside the host and is susceptible to all disinfectants. infection: feline immunodeficiency virus is transmitted via bites. the risk of transmission is low in households with socially well-adapted cats. transmission ... | 2009 | 19481037 |
| seroprevalence of viral infections in domestic cats in costa rica. | a cross-sectional survey of a convenient sample of domestic cats from costa rica's greater metropolitan area was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), feline parvovirus (fpv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and antigens of feline leukemia virus (felv). blood samples were collected from at least 96 cats from june 1998 to december 2001; data related to the individual cats and household variables were obtained using a questionnaire. an ... | 2009 | 19498296 |
| magnetic resonance imaging of radiation-induced thymic atrophy as a model for pathologic changes in acute feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | the development of a protocol to reproducibly induce thymic atrophy, as occurs in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection and other immunosuppressive diseases, and to consistently estimate thymic volume, provides a valuable tool in the search of innovative and novel therapeutic strategies. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) using the short tau inversion recovery (stir) technique, with fat suppression properties, was determined to provide an optimized means of locating, defining, and quantita ... | 2009 | 19540785 |
| design and synthesis of membrane fusion inhibitors against the feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a pathogenic virus that causes an aids-like syndrome in the domestic cats. for viral entry and infection, fusion between the virus and the cell membrane is the critical process and this process is mediated by an envelope glycoprotein gp40. we have identified fusion inhibitory peptides from the heptad repeat-2 (hr2) of gp40. remodeling of the original sequences using alpha-helix-inducible motifs revealed the interactive residues of gp40. comparative analysis ... | 2009 | 19541488 |
| multivariate statistical analyses demonstrate unique host immune responses to single and dual lentiviral infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) are recently identified lentiviruses that cause progressive immune decline and ultimately death in infected cats and humans. it is of great interest to understand how to prevent immune system collapse caused by these lentiviruses. we recently described that disease caused by a virulent fiv strain in cats can be attenuated if animals are first infected with a feline immunodeficiency virus derived from a wild cougar. the de ... | 2009 | 19806226 |
| description of clinical and pathological findings, treatment and outcome of feline large granular lymphocyte lymphoma (1996-2004). | feline large granular lymphocyte (lgl) lymphoma is an uncommon, morphologically distinct variant of feline lymphoma. limited information exists in the literature regarding pathological and immunohistochemical descriptions, clinical findings, treatment and survival times. the purpose of this study was to describe clinical features, treatment and outcome in feline lgl lymphoma. medical records of 45 cats with lgl lymphoma were retrospectively evaluated. decreased appetite/anorexia, weight loss, le ... | 2008 | 19178669 |
| molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from cats in melbourne. | to determine the subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) present in the domestic cat population in melbourne. | 2008 | 18826508 |
| the secondary structure of the 5' end of the fiv genome reveals a long-range interaction between r/u5 and gag sequences, and a large, stable stem-loop. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that infects cats and is related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). although it is a common worldwide infection, and has potential uses as a human gene therapy vector and as a nonprimate model for hiv infection, little detail is known of the viral life cycle. previous experiments have shown that its packaging signal includes two or more regions within the first 511 nucleotides of the genomic rna. we have undertaken a secondary structural an ... | 2008 | 18974279 |
| amplification of three different papillomaviral dna sequences from a cat with viral plaques. | a 3-year-old cat from new zealand developed three small raised non-ulcerated plaques on the face. serology detected antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). histology of the plaque revealed epidermal hyperplasia with keratinocytes either distended with large blue-grey cytoplasmic bodies or with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. papillomavirus (pv) antigen was detected immunohistochemically and feline viral plaque was diagnosed. swabs were taken of both lesional and non-l ... | 2008 | 19037914 |
| erythrophagocytic low-grade extranodal t-cell lymphoma in a cat. | a 13-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented to the referring veterinarian with a 2-month history of weight loss and lethargy. splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, nonregenerative anemia, neutropenia, and hyperbilirubinemia were noted. results of testing for feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, toxoplasma gondii, and mycoplasma sp. were negative. on cytologic examination of aspirates from the enlarged spleen and liver, a population of erythrophagocytic round cells wa ... | 2008 | 19055577 |
| vaccination against the feline immunodeficiency virus: the road not taken. | natural infection of domestic cats by the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). fiv is genetically related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the clinical and biological features of infections caused by feline and human viruses in their respective hosts are highly analogous. although the obstacles to vaccinating against fiv and hiv would seem to be of comparable difficulty, a licensed vaccine against feline aids is already in widespread use ... | 2008 | 17706778 |
| evaluation of the association of bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. | gingivostomatitis (gs) is a significant condition in cats because of oral discomfort and associated periodontal disease. several infectious agents have been associated with the presence of gs, but a causal relationship is unclear. the cats in this study were housed together, had a history of flea exposure, and were vaccinated with a modified live fvrcp product. there were nine cats with active gs and 36 unaffected cats at the time of sample collection. serum was tested for feline leukemia virus ... | 2008 | 17766156 |
| prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasmas in domestic cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus and/or feline leukemia virus in rio de janeiro--brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for mycoplasma haemofelis (mhf) and 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (mhm) infections in domestic cats tested for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit. based on serological testing, cats were grouped as i) fiv-positive (n=25); ii) felv-positive (n=39); iii) fiv/felv-positive (n=8); and iv) fiv/felv-negative (n=77). complete blo ... | 2008 | 17905624 |
| durable, safe, multi-gene lentiviral vector expression in feline trabecular meshwork. | multiple disease-specific considerations have led to interest in the potential of gene therapy to permanently correct elevated intraocular pressure (iop), the main causal risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma (poag). since iop elevation results from abnormal resistance to aqueous humor outflow from the eye through the trabecular meshwork (tm), a means to genetically modify this specialized outflow organ permanently and safely is a prioritized goal. here we tested different lentiviral vecto ... | 2008 | 17912236 |
| cd134 and cxcr4 expression corresponds to feline immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. | the lymphotropic lentiviruses feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) enter cells by sequential interaction with primary receptors cd134 or cd4, respectively, and subsequently with chemokine receptors. the host-cell range for fiv is broader than that for hiv, but whether this is a function of receptor expression is unknown. lack of reagents specific to feline molecules has limited detection and analysis of receptors and their interaction with viral components. ... | 2008 | 18089752 |
| molecular characterization of feline immunodeficiency virus budding. | infection of domestic cats with feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is an important model system for studying human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection due to numerous similarities in pathogenesis induced by these two lentiviruses. however, many molecular aspects of fiv replication remain poorly understood. it is well established that retroviruses use short peptide motifs in gag, known as late domains, to usurp cellular endosomal sorting machinery and promote virus release from infec ... | 2008 | 18094166 |
| evaluation of feline monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with internally inactivated virus as a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus. | dendritic cells are the only antigen-presenting cells that can present exogenous antigens to both helper and cytolytic t cells and prime th1-type or th2-type cellular immune responses. given their unique immune functions, dendritic cells are considered attractive "live adjuvants" for vaccination and immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. the present study was carried out to assess whether the reinjection of autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with an aldithriol-2-in ... | 2008 | 18216184 |
| genomic organization, sequence divergence, and recombination of feline immunodeficiency virus from lions in the wild. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) naturally infects multiple species of cat and is related to human immunodeficiency virus in humans. fiv infection causes aids-like disease and mortality in the domestic cat (felis catus) and serves as a natural model for hiv infection in humans. in african lions (panthera leo) and other exotic felid species, disease etiology introduced by fiv infection are less clear, but recent studies indicate that fiv causes moderate to severe cd4 depletion. | 2008 | 18251995 |
| genetic characterization of feline leukemia virus from florida panthers. | from 2002 through 2005, an outbreak of feline leukemia virus (felv) occurred in florida panthers (puma concolor coryi). clinical signs included lymphadenopathy, anemia, septicemia, and weight loss; 5 panthers died. not associated with felv outcome were the genetic heritage of the panthers (pure florida vs. texas/florida crosses) and co-infection with feline immunodeficiency virus. genetic analysis of panther felv, designated felv-pco, determined that the outbreak likely came from 1 cross-species ... | 2008 | 18258118 |
| molecular mechanisms of fiv infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is an important viral pathogen worldwide in the domestic cat, which is the smallest animal model for the study of natural lentivirus infection. thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms by which fiv carries out its life cycle and causes an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in the cat is of high priority. fiv has an overall genome size similar to hiv, the causative agent of aids in man, and shares with the human virus genomic features that may serve ... | 2008 | 18289701 |
| chemokine receptors and co-stimulatory molecules: unravelling feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection of the domestic cat induces an immunodeficiency characterised by a gradual depletion of cd4+ t-helper lymphocytes. the virus targets t-helper cells by way of an interaction between its envelope glycoprotein (env) and the cell surface molecule cd134 (ox40), a member of the nerve growth factor receptor/tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily. the env-cd134 interaction is a necessary prerequisite for the subsequent interaction with cxcr4, the only c ... | 2008 | 18289703 |
| the molecular biology and evolution of feline immunodeficiency viruses of cougars. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus that has been identified in many members of the family felidae but domestic cats are the only fiv host in which infection results in disease. we studied fivpco infection of cougars (puma concolor) as a model for asymptomatic lentivirus infections to understand the mechanisms of host-virus coexistence. several natural cougar populations were evaluated to determine if there are any consequences of fivpco infection on cougar fecundity, survival, o ... | 2008 | 18295904 |
| expression of cd134 and cxcr4 mrna in term placentas from fiv-infected and control cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes a natural infection of domestic cats that resembles hiv-1 in pathogenesis and disease progression. feline aids is characterized by depression of the cd4+ t cell population and fatal opportunistic infections. maternal-fetal transmission of fiv readily occurs under experimental conditions, resulting in infected viable kittens and resorbed or arrested fetal tissues. although both fiv and hiv use the chemokine receptor cxcr4 as a co-receptor, fiv does not u ... | 2008 | 18295905 |
| advances in fiv vaccine technology. | advances in vaccine technology are occurring in the molecular techniques used to develop vaccines and in the assessment of vaccine efficacy, allowing more complete characterization of vaccine-induced immunity correlating to protection. fiv vaccine development has closely mirrored and occasionally surpassed the development of hiv-1 vaccine, leading to first licensed technology. this review will discuss technological advances in vaccine designs, challenge infection assessment, and characterization ... | 2008 | 18295907 |
| functions, structure, and read-through alternative splicing of feline apobec3 genes. | over the past years a variety of host restriction genes have been identified in human and mammals that modulate retrovirus infectivity, replication, assembly, and/or cross-species transmission. among these host-encoded restriction factors, the apobec3 (a3; apolipoprotein b mrna-editing catalytic polypeptide 3) proteins are potent inhibitors of retroviruses and retrotransposons. while primates encode seven of these genes (a3a to a3h), rodents carry only a single a3 gene. | 2008 | 18315870 |
| is feline foamy virus really apathogenic? | feline foamy virus (ffv) is a retrovirus commonly found in cats. it is generally thought to be apathogenic, making it a suitable candidate as a gene therapy vector. however, there have been reports of association of ffv with chronic progressive arthritis and a cofactor effect with feline immunodeficiency virus. this study investigated experimental ffv infection and whether this was associated with signs of disease. eight young specific pathogen free cats were inoculated intramuscularly with ffv. ... | 2008 | 18342375 |
| evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus in felidae: implications for human health and wildlife ecology. | genetic analyses of feline immunodeficiency viruses provide significant insights on the worldwide distribution and evolutionary history of this emerging pathogen. large-scale screening of over 3000 samples from all species of felidae indicates that at least some individuals from most species possess antibodies that cross react to fiv. phylogenetic analyses of genetic variation in the pol-rt gene demonstrate that fiv lineages are species-specific and suggest that there has been a prolonged period ... | 2008 | 18359092 |
| differentiation of feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination, infection, or vaccination and infection in cats. | serodiagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is complicated by the use of a formalin-inactivated whole-virus fiv vaccine. cats respond to immunization with antibodies indistinguishable from those produced during natural infection by currently available diagnostic tests, which are unable to distinguish cats that are vaccinated against fiv, infected with fiv, or both. | 2008 | 18371028 |
| evaluation of iscom-adjuvanted subunit vaccines containing recombinant feline immunodeficiency virus rev, orfa and envelope protein in cats. | for the development of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vaccines mostly structural proteins have been evaluated for their capacity to induce protective immunity. in the present study, subunit vaccines containing recombinant fiv accessory proteins rev and orfa were evaluated in cats. cats were vaccinated repeatedly with these proteins, adjuvanted with immune stimulating complexes (iscoms). in addition, cats were vaccinated with bacterially expressed fragments spanning the entire fiv envelope p ... | 2008 | 18430494 |
| prevention of immunodeficiency virus induced cd4+ t-cell depletion by prior infection with a non-pathogenic virus. | immune dysregulation initiated by a profound loss of cd4+ t-cells is fundamental to hiv-induced pathogenesis. infection of domestic cats with a non-pathogenic lentivirus prevalent in the puma (puma lentivirus, plv or fiv(pco)) prevented peripheral blood cd4+ t-cell depletion caused by subsequent virulent fiv infection. maintenance of this critical population was not associated with a significant decrease in fiv viremia, lending support to the hypothesis that direct viral cytopathic effect is not ... | 2008 | 18499211 |
| retroviral infections of small animals. | retroviral infections are particularly important in cats, which are commonly infected with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. this article describes the biology of these viruses and explores current issues regarding vaccination and diagnosis. the seeming lack of a recognized retrovirus infection in dogs is speculated on, and current and potential future therapies are discussed. | 2008 | 18501285 |
| phylogenetic and genetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus gag, pol, and env genes from domestic cats undergoing nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment or treatment-naïve cats in rio de janeiro, brazil. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is the lentivirus responsible for an immunodeficiency-like disease in domestic cats (felis catus). fiv is divided into five phylogenetic subtypes (a, b, c, d, and e), based on genetic diversity. knowledge of the geographical distribution of subtypes is relevant for understanding different disease progressions and for vaccine development. in this study, viral sequences of 26 infected cats from rio de janeiro, 8 undergoing treatment with zidovudine (azt) for at ... | 2008 | 18550661 |
| replication properties of clade a/c chimeric feline immunodeficiency viruses and evaluation of infection kinetics in the domestic cat. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) causes progressive immunodeficiency in domestic cats, with clinical course dependent on virus strain. for example, clade a fiv-ppr is predominantly neurotropic and causes a mild disease in the periphery, whereas clade c fiv-c36 causes fulminant disease with cd4(+) t-cell depletion and neutropenia but no significant pathology in the central nervous system. in order to map pathogenic determinants, chimeric viruses were prepared between fiv-c36 and fiv-ppr, with ... | 2008 | 18550665 |
| recombination in feline immunodeficiency virus from feral and companion domestic cats. | recombination is a relatively common phenomenon in retroviruses. we investigated recombination in feline immunodeficiency virus from naturally-infected new zealand domestic cats (felis catus) by sequencing regions of the gag, pol and env genes. | 2008 | 18559113 |
| [fiv: not a death sentence]. | 2008 | 18561706 | |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern portugal. | cats are very important hosts in the epidemiological cycle of toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect humans and many other animal species worldwide. we report a serological survey of antibodies to t. gondii in domestic cats from northeastern portugal, by means of the modified agglutination test. three cats had titres of 20 (3.9%), 18 had titres of 40 (23.7%) and 55 animals had titres of > or =800 (72.4%). results of three seropositive kittens with less than 4 months wer ... | 2008 | 18571327 |
| intrahost evolution of envelope glycoprotein and orfa sequences after experimental infection of cats with a molecular clone and a biological isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a member of the genus lentivirus and causes aids-like disease in its natural host, the cat. like other lentiviruses, fiv displays a high degree of nucleotide sequence variability that is reflected in both the geographic distribution of the viruses and the different cat species that are infected. although a lot of data on sequence variation at the population level is available, relatively little is known about the intrahost variation of fiv sequences. in the ... | 2008 | 18602181 |
| endothelial cell suppression of peripheral blood mononuclear cell trafficking in vitro during acute exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus. | trafficking of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) into the brain is a critical step in the initiation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated central nervous system disease. to examine potential factors that control trafficking during the earliest stages of infection, pbmc transmigration across a cultured feline brain endothelial cell (becs) monolayer was measured after selective exposure of various cell types to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). infection of the pbmcs with f ... | 2008 | 18665397 |
| response of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) to tipranavir may provide new clues for development of broad-based inhibitors of retroviral proteases acting on drug-resistant hiv-1. | the feline aids model for hiv-1 treatment failed in the 1990s, due to structural features resembling protease inhibitor (pi) resistant hiv-1 variants. widespread drug-resistance to pis now invokes the possibility of rescuing feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) as a model for pi treatment. we here analyzed susceptibility of fiv to second generation pis, lopinavir, atazanavir, and the structurally unrelated non-peptidic pi tipranavir. we found that fiv protease resembles hiv-1 protease drug resist ... | 2008 | 18691029 |
| genetically divergent strains of feline immunodeficiency virus from the domestic cat (felis catus) and the african lion (panthera leo) share usage of cd134 and cxcr4 as entry receptors. | the env open reading frames of african lion (panthera leo) lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus [fiv(ple)]) subtypes b and e from geographically distinct regions of africa suggest two distinct ancestries, with fiv(ple)-e sharing a common ancestor with the domestic cat (felis catus) lentivirus (fiv(fca)). here we demonstrate that fiv(ple)-e and fiv(fca) share the use of cd134 (ox40) and cxcr4 as a primary receptor and coreceptor, respectively, and that both lion cd134 and cxcr4 are functiona ... | 2008 | 18715917 |
| borna disease virus: evidence of naturally-occurring infection in cats in australia. | in europe, borna disease virus (bdv) infection has been linked with staggering disease. the aim of this study was serological investigation for bdv infection in australian cats. de-identified sera were obtained from domestic cats presented at various veterinary clinics. bdv antigen levels were measured by a monoclonal antibody-based elisa. antibody to bdv measured semiquantitatively by elisa was detected in 0.8% of cats from south australia and 3.2% of animals from nsw confirmatory assays for el ... | 2008 | 18771098 |
| adenosine deaminase activity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. | adenosine deaminase (ada), an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, has been shown to be of clinical importance in several diseases in humans. to investigate whether ada is of any clinical significance in cats, plasma adenosine deaminase (p-ada) and t cell adenosine deaminase (t-ada) activities were measured in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) negative and positive cats. the aids-related complex (arc) group showed a significant elevation in p-ada activity compared to the asymptomatic carrier ... | 2007 | 17917371 |
| evaluation of two toxoplasma gondii serologic tests used in a serosurvey of domestic cats in california. | we evaluated the sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of an igg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and igg indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detection of toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in sera from 2 cat populations using a bayesian approach. accounting for test covariance, the se and sp of the igg elisa were estimated to be 92.6% and 96.5%, and those of the igg ifat were 81.0% and 93.8%, respectively. both tests performed poorly in cats experimentally coinfected with ... | 2007 | 17918359 |
| comparative requirements for the restriction of retrovirus infection by trim5alpha and trimcyp. | the restriction factors, trim5alpha in most primates and trimcyp in owl monkeys, block infection of various retroviruses soon after virus entry into the host cell. rhesus monkey trim5alpha (trim5alpha rh) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) more potently than human trim5alpha (trim5alpha hu). trimcyp restricts infection of hiv-1, simian immunodeficiency virus of african green monkeys (siv agm) and fiv. early after infection, trimcyp, like trim5al ... | 2007 | 17920096 |
| human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitors efficiently suppress feline immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro and provide a rationale to redesign antiretroviral treatment for feline aids. | treatment of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection has been hampered by the absence of a specific combination antiretroviral treatment (art). integrase strand transfer inhibitors (instis) are emerging as a promising new drug class for hiv-1 treatment, and we evaluated the possibility of inhibiting fiv replication using instis. | 2007 | 17971219 |
| variability in assays used for detection of lentiviral infection in bobcats (lynx rufus), pumas (puma concolor), and ocelots (leopardus pardalis). | although lentiviruses similar to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) are known to infect numerous felid species, the relative utility of assays used for detecting lentiviral infection has not been compared for many of these hosts. we tested bobcats (lynx rufus), pumas (felis concolor), and ocelots (leopardus pardalis) for exposure to lentivirus using five different assays: puma lentivirus (plv), african lion lentivirus (llv), and domestic cat fiv-based immunoblots, a commercially available enzym ... | 2007 | 17984266 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus neuropathogenesis: from cats to calcium. | invasion of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) into the central and peripheral nervous system produces a wide range of neurological symptoms, which continue to persist even with adequate therapeutic suppression of the systemic viremia. the development of therapies designed to prevent the neurological complications of hiv require a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of virus penetration into the nervous system, infection, and subsequent neuropathogenesis. these processes, however, are diffi ... | 2007 | 18040840 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes in domestic cats in new zealand. | 2007 | 18059658 | |
| prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in domesticated and feral cats in eastern australia. | serum samples from 340 pet cats presented to three inner city clinics in sydney australia, 68 feral cats from two separate colonies in sydney, and 329 cattery-confined pedigree and domestic cats in eastern australia, were collected over a 2-year period and tested for antibodies directed against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) using immunomigration (agen fiv rapid immunomigration test) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods (snap combo feline leukaemia virus antigen/fiv antibody test k ... | 2007 | 17409007 |
| defibrinated bovine plasma inhibits retroviral transcription by blocking p52 activation of the nfkappab element in the long terminal repeat. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) induces a persistent but latent infection in cattle. viral latency is invoked by a protein known as plasma blocking factor (pbf) that is found in both bovine and human plasma. we report here on pathways that mediate latency in the presence of pbf. reporter-gene constructs driven by the promoters of 6 retroviruses were used to measure the production of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) in cell lines cultured with or without defibrinated bovine plasma. plasma inh ... | 2007 | 17479775 |
| follow-up of the health conditions of an urban colony of free-roaming cats (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. | similar to other urban areas where food and shelter are abundant, the zoological garden of rio de janeiro has dealt for years with a colony of feral or semi-feral domestic cats. a survey was conducted during 2002-2004 as a follow-up to a previous study in 2001 of the cat colony to identify pathogens circulating among the population and to annually follow the status of the cats to analyze morbidity coefficients and associations among infections and infestations identified in the colony. during th ... | 2007 | 17481822 |
| immunopathogenesis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection in the fetal and neonatal cat. | the global incidence of pediatric hiv infection is estimated at 2.3 million children, most acquiring the infection from their mothers in utero, peripartum, or postpartum. pediatric hiv infection typically causes a rapidly progressive disease when compared with adult infection, due in part to the profound susceptibility of the neonatal thymus to productive infection or degenerative changes. failed production of naive t-lymphocytes further limits the success of antiviral therapy to restore immunol ... | 2007 | 17485330 |
| plasma electrophoretogram in feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and/or feline leukaemia virus (felv) infections. | the electrophoretogram of 89 cats, including those infected by feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv+), feline leukaemia virus (felv+) and non-infected, showed statistically significant differences in several of the fractions. fiv+ cats had very high protein values (mean, 8.10 g/dl), mostly because of hypergammaglobulinemia (mean, 2.81 g/dl) as compared with non-infected animals and felv+. in addition, in these fiv+ animals, the albumin/globulins ratio (a/g) was very low (mean, 0.72). statistically ... | 2007 | 17493167 |
| evidence of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, and toxoplasma gondii in feral cats on mauna kea, hawaii. | we determined prevalence to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies, feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in feral cats (felis catus) on mauna kea hawaii from april 2002 to may 2004. six of 68 (8.8%) and 11 of 68 (16.2%) cats were antibody positive to fiv and antigen positive for felv, respectively; 25 of 67 (37.3%) cats were seropositive to t. gondii. antibodies to felv and t. gondii occurred in all age and sex classes, but fiv occurred only in adult mal ... | 2007 | 17495320 |
| co-infection with different subtypes of feline immunodeficiency virus can complicate subtype assignment by phylogenetic analysis. | phylogenetic analyses of the v3-v5 region of the env gene are used to determine feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) subtypes but can be complicated by co-infection with different subtypes or the presence of recombinant subtypes. fiv in blood samples from 30 domestic cats in new zealand was subtyped by sequencing three overlapping fragments of the v3-v5 region of the env gene and 467 bp of the gag gene. phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates clustered with subtype a and c viruses. seven ... | 2007 | 17516035 |
| gene conversion between mammalian ccr2 and ccr5 chemokine receptor genes: a potential mechanism for receptor dimerization. | the chemokine receptor genes of the ccr cluster on human chromosome 3p21 play important roles in humoral and cellular immune responses. several of these receptors have been shown to influence human immunodeficiency virus infection and progression to aids, and their homologues may play a role in feline immunodeficiency virus infection. we report the isolation and sequencing of a 150-kb domestic cat bac clone containing the feline ccr genes ccr1, ccr2, ccr3, and ccr5 to further analyze these four ... | 2007 | 17544254 |
| altered tryptophan metabolism in fiv-positive cats. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is analogous to human immunodeficiency virus, the causative agent of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). in aids patients, a progressive reduction in serum tryptophan concentration occurs because of activation of an inducible tryptophan degradation pathway mediated by elevated lamda-interferon production. | 2007 | 17552465 |
| quality of different in-clinic test systems for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus infection. | many new diagnostic in-house tests for identification of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukaemia virus (felv) infection have been licensed for use in veterinary practice, and the question of the relative merits of these kits has prompted comparative studies. this study was designed to define the strengths and weaknesses of seven fiv and eight felv tests that are commercially available. in this study, 536 serum samples from randomly selected cats were tested. those samples reacti ... | 2007 | 17604205 |
| probing the interaction between feline immunodeficiency virus and cd134 by using the novel monoclonal antibody 7d6 and the cd134 (ox40) ligand. | the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) targets activated cd4-positive helper t cells preferentially, inducing an aids-like immunodeficiency in its natural host species, the domestic cat. the primary receptor for fiv is cd134, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and all primary viral strains tested to date use cd134 for infection. we examined the expression of cd134 in the cat using a novel anti-feline cd134 monoclonal antibody (mab), 7d6, and showed that as in rats and h ... | 2007 | 17609274 |
| association of germ-line polymorphisms in the feline p53 gene with genetic predisposition to vaccine-associated feline sarcoma. | a case-control study was conducted in order to investigate the association of polymorphisms in the genomic sequence of the feline p53 gene with a predisposition to vaccine-associated feline sarcoma (vafs). in the study, 50 domestic short hair cats with a confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of vafs were matched to disease-free controls (1:2) by age, sex, and breed. cats from both the diseased (case) and control groups were also negative for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. ... | 2007 | 17641147 |
| vaccine protection against feline immunodeficiency virus. | 2007 | 17685973 | |
| recombination in feline lentiviral genomes during experimental cross-species infection. | domestic cats develop an asymptomatic, productive infection with a feline immunodeficiency virus (plv) derived from a naturally infected cougar (p. concolor). we previously demonstrated that there are extensive g to a substitutions, characteristic of host cytidine deaminase editing, and positive selection on reverse transcriptase in the plv genome during this cross-species infection. in this study, we evaluated full-length viral genomes from each of four cats infected with plv to determine if vi ... | 2007 | 17046045 |
| expression of feline immunodeficiency virus vif is associated with reduced viral mutation rates without restoration of replication of vif mutant viruses. | the vif gene of lentiviruses has been demonstrated to be essential for efficient viral replication in many cell types. although the vif protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) displays limited homology to hiv-1 vif, the role of vif in fiv replication is not known. we have examined the requirements of vif for replication of a fiv strain isolated from a non-domestic felid, otocolobus manul (fiv-oma). in agreement with others, we find that replication of fiv vif mutant molecular clones in cr ... | 2007 | 17169394 |
| phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus in feral and companion domestic cats of new zealand. | nested pcr was used to amplify envelope v3-v6 gene fragments of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) from new zealand cats. phylogenetic analyses established that subtypes a and c predominate among new zealand cats, with clear evidence of intersubtype recombination. in addition, 17 sequences were identified that were distinct from all known fiv clades, and we tentatively suggest these belong to a novel subtype. | 2007 | 17192306 |
| a case of feline leprosy caused by mycobacterium lepraemurium originating from the island of kythira (greece): diagnosis and treatment. | a 2-year-old, 4 kg, healthy, domestic shorthair female cat presented with ulcerated subcutaneous nodules on the commissures of its mouth. the cat was negative for feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. skin mycobacteriosis was diagnosed after detection of numerous acid-fast bacilli in ziehl neelsen-stained smears from the ulcers. feline leprosy was suspected following preliminary polymerase chain reaction results: positive for mycobacterium genus but negative for mycobacterium ... | 2007 | 17239641 |
| evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus gag proteins. | we evaluated the predicted biochemical properties of gag proteins from a diverse group of feline immunodeficiency viruses (fiv) to determine how different evolutionary histories of virus and host have changed or constrained these important structural proteins. our data are based on fiv sequences derived from domestic cat (fivfca), cougar (fivpco), and lions (fivple). analyses consisted of determining the selective forces acting at each position in the protein and the comparing predictions for se ... | 2007 | 17265140 |