Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a randomized, controlled trial of the toxin-blocking effects of b subunit in family members of patients with cholera. | a randomized, controlled field trial was performed to test the ability of b subunit, the nontoxic, binding portion of cholera toxin, to block the toxin receptors (gm1 ganglioside) in the small intestine and thereby prevent diarrhea in individuals infected with vibrio cholerae o1. of 1,922 family contacts of 370 index patients selected randomly to receive orally on two successive days either b subunit (low dose, 1.0 mg; high dose, 5.0 mg) or placebo, 190 were asymptomatically infected on day 1 or ... | 1984 | 6373961 |
| synthesis of cholera toxin is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by toxr. | we have cloned a positive regulatory gene ( toxr ) from vibrio cholerae that controls cholera toxin transcription. this was done by first constructing a genetic fusion consisting of the lacz gene fused to the promoter of the cholera toxin operon ctxab . this operon fusion was used to screen a v. cholerae genomic library for genes that could activate the ctx promoter in escherichia coli. this method allowed the identification of a gene, toxr , that increases ctx expression by more than 100-fold. ... | 1984 | 6374658 |
| [gamma-radiation sensitivity of bacterial intergeneric conjugants vibrio cholerae biotype proteus x serratia marcescens]. | it was shown that among intergeneric conjugants of vibrio cholerae biotype proteus (a donor) x serratia marcescens (a recipient), growing in a medium with two antibiotics, most of the clones are similar, in their sensitivity to gamma-radiation, to the recipient or only differ in their higher radioresistance. there are some clones with higher radiosensitivity. | 1984 | 6374748 |
| from the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases. summary of the 19th united states-japan joint cholera conference. | classical cholera has reappeared in asia after a 20-year hiatus, reminding us that we still have much to learn about the epidemiology of this disease. the unexpected recovery of v. cholerae from nonendemic estuarine waters suggests that the continued occurrence of clinical cholera may not be entirely dependent on repeated contamination of environmental waters by man. of critical importance has been the discovery and partial characterization of new enterotoxins produced by v. cholerae and etec, a ... | 1984 | 6376650 |
| biological and biochemical characteristics of vibriocins. | 1984 | 6378775 | |
| [sensitivity of diarrhea organisms to nifuroxazide]. | 1984 | 6386203 | |
| vibrio species of medical importance. | 1984 | 6386297 | |
| differential detection of cholera enterotoxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with antibodies specific to the two toxins. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with antibodies specific to either cholera enterotoxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae or heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were developed to detect lt and ct, respectively. with these elisa systems, lt and ct could be detected only with the respective specific antibody. both antibody elisa and ganglioside elisa were used for differential detection of lt and ct, but the former method seemed to be more specific. by this elisa, as ... | 1984 | 6386873 |
| [centenary of the discovery of vibrio cholerae by robert koch]. | 1984 | 6389925 | |
| the immune response of the mammary gland and its significance for the neonate. | the immune response of the mammary gland is dominated by local production of secretory iga antibodies (siga). these milk antibodies, amounting to about 0.5-1 g/day throughout lactation, are directed against food proteins and microorganisms often present in the intestine. this is presumably explained by the enteromammaric link: after antigenic exposure in the peyer's patches of lymphoid cells they home to various exocrine glands, including the mammary gland. similarly, lymphoid cells from the bro ... | 1984 | 6391286 |
| incidence of cholera in north-eastern karnataka (a bacteriological study). | 1984 | 6392408 | |
| mechanism of toxin secretion by vibrio cholerae investigated in strains harboring plasmids that encode heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli. | a genetically engineered vibrio cholerae strain from which the cholera toxin genes had previously been deleted was used as a host in which to study the expression and secretion of related toxins and their subunits. recombinant plasmids encoding heat-labile enterotoxins (lts) from escherichia coli of human and porcine origin were expressed in the v. cholerae host, and this resulted in the secretion of the lts into the extracellular milieu. the secreted lts were isolated and it was found that the ... | 1984 | 6393126 |
| synergistic interaction of baker's yeast and iron in the enhancement of bacterial virulence. | the virulence-enhancing interaction of baker's yeast and different iron preparations (ferric ammonium citrate and iron dextran) was tested in mice challenged with salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae (inaba and ogawa) strains. the virulence-enhancing effect of the yeast + iron combination increased significantly as compared to that of either yeast or iron alone. toxicity assays of the single and combined baker's yeast and iron preparations by the mouse weight gain test have shown that the combin ... | 1984 | 6393682 |
| monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for identification and serotyping of vibrio cholerae o1. | monoclonal antibodies directed against o-specific antigens of vibrio cholerae o1 lipopolysaccharide were used in two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas), designed for identification and serotyping of v. cholerae o1. in the sandwich elisa, a monoclonal antibody against the group-specific antigen was used as capture antibody, whereas peroxidase-conjugated monoclonal antibodies directed against group- and type-specific antigens were used as the second antibodies. monoclonal antibo ... | 1984 | 6394621 |
| transferable resistance to the vibriostatic agent 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl-pteridine (o/129) in vibrio cholerae. | 1984 | 6394970 | |
| selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. xv. acute diarrhea. | diarrhea claims the lives of at least five million children per year and is a major contributor to malnutrition in developing countries. a variety of infectious agents cause diarrhea through several pathogenic mechanisms. bacteria such as shigella can directly invade the intestinal mucosa, and those similar to vibrio cholerae or enterotoxigenic escherichia coli can produce toxins that alter cellular absorption and secretions. rotavirus appears to cause 30%-40% of diarrhea in toddlers. diarrhea f ... | 1984 | 6395270 |
| [studies on immune bactericidal reaction]. | 1984 | 6396421 | |
| [method for the detection and determination of heat-labile escherichia coli enterotoxin by an immunoenzyme technic on a new polystyrene support adapted for a test kit]. | an elisa method on microtitration plates to detect and assay escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) is described. this technique is rapid and simple to perform in any laboratory. it allows detection of the presence of lt with the naked eye within 10 h in a 12-h e. coli culture supernatant. the reaction is based on immunological cross-reaction between lt and the vibrio cholerae toxin (ct). in place of traditional microtitration plates coated with ganglioside gm1, we propose a new polystyre ... | 1984 | 6398008 |
| saturable attachment sites for type 3 mammalian reovirus on murine l cells and human hela cells. | attachment of [35s]methionine-labelled mammalian type 3 reovirus to murine l cells and human hela cells was studied under equilibrium conditions. cellular attachment sites could be completely saturated with 35s-labelled reovirus, indicating that specific attachment sites for reovirus are present on the surface of these cells. we calculated that l cells possess about 86000-105000 attachment sites per cell while hela cells possess about 126000-147000 sites per cell for type 3 reovirus. unlabelled ... | 1984 | 6398564 |
| drug resistance in gram-negative aerobic bacilli. | 1984 | 6398728 | |
| [sensitivity of cholera vibrions to specific phages]. | 1984 | 6400805 | |
| [variability of cholera vibrions, cultured at a temperature of 5 degrees c]. | 1984 | 6400812 | |
| [antitoxic system of the small intestine and liver in rats exposed to cholera enterotoxin]. | the effect of cholera enterotoxin on glutathione-s-transferase (gt), glutathione peroxidase (gp) and superoxide dismutase (sod) in cytosols of the rat small intestinal mucosa and liver was studied in an experimental ligated jejunal loop. it was found that changes in the detoxication enzymatic activity were phasic in nature in both the mucous membrane of all parts of the small intestine and in the liver: the decrease within the first 30 min to 1 h was replaced by activation after 2 h followed by ... | 1984 | 6466855 |
| purification of enterotoxins from vibrio mimicus that appear to be identical to cholera toxin. | cholera toxin-like (ct-like) enterotoxins produced by two strains of vibrio mimicus, 61892 and 63616, isolated from diarrhea patients in bangladesh, were purified, and their physicochemical, biological, and immunological properties were compared with those of ct produced by classical vibrio cholerae 569b. the ct-like toxins were produced by lincomycin-resistant mutants grown in the presence of lincomycin at 200 micrograms/ml for strain 63616 and 250 micrograms/ml for strain 61892 and were purifi ... | 1984 | 6469354 |
| weak serum and intestinal antibody responses to vibrio cholerae soluble hemagglutinin in cholera patients. | a soluble hemagglutinin/protease from vibrio cholerae has been suggested to be a putative virulence factor and protective antigen. however, clinical cholera infection gave rise to detectable serum antibody responses to soluble hemagglutinin in only 2 of 10 bangladeshi patients or 1 of 17 cholera-infected north american volunteers. a gut mucosal immunoglobulin a antibody response to soluble hemagglutinin was seen in 4 of 8 bangladeshi patients, but in 0 of 10 north american volunteers. these resp ... | 1984 | 6469362 |
| membrane-bound hemagglutinin mediates antibody and complement-dependent lysis of influenza virus-treated human platelets in autologous serum. | influenza a virus-treated human platelets were lyzed in autologous serum. lysis required the presence of antibody and occurred predominantly through activation of the classical complement pathway. binding of the virus followed by its elution at 37 degrees c resulted in a dose-dependent desialation of the cells with a maximal release of 45% of total platelet sialic acid. in contrast, platelets that had been treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and from which 55% of total sialic acid had bee ... | 1984 | 6470149 |
| studies on heterogeneous lipopolysaccharide fractions of vibrio cholerae 569b. | by sds-page or gel filtration on sephadex g-25, lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from vibrio cholerae 569b (inaba) can be separated into two distinct fractions, one corresponding to smooth lps and the other to rough lps. pulse-labelling of lps with [14c]glucose showed that the rough form is synthesized first followed by the biosynthesis of the smooth form. a preferential release of the smooth lps of v. cholerae 569b was also detected during normal growth of cells. | 1984 | 6470675 |
| lysis of vibrio cholerae cells: direct isolation of the outer membrane from whole cells by treatment with urea. | cells of vibrio cholerae underwent rapid autolysis when suspended in media of low osmolarity under non-growing conditions. chaotropes like urea and guanidine. hcl which are potent protein denaturants caused complete and immediate lysis of whole cells. this unique sensitivity of v. cholerae to protein denaturants led to the development of a rapid method for the selective isolation of the outer membrane upon treatment of whole cells with urea. the composition of the outer membrane isolated from bo ... | 1984 | 6470676 |
| intervention studies and the definition of dominant transmission routes. | a common approach to assessing the relative importance of different transmission routes is to eliminate transmission through one route and assume that the ratio "number of cases eliminated:number of residual cases" measures the relative importance of the eliminated route vis-à-vis the residual transmission route. a quantitative model is used to generate synthetic data similar to those analyzed by epidemiologists. these data are analyzed using this conventional procedure and the inferences drawn ... | 1984 | 6475919 |
| [standardization of cholera vaccine and preparation of a national reference standard]. | the antigenic potency of the proposed national reference preparations in comparison with that of the corresponding international reference preparations was studied by means of the active protection test in mice. the antigenic potency of the proposed national reference preparations for inaba and ogawa was found to be the same or even greater than the antigenic potency of the international reference preparations for cholera vaccine. a high level of antigenic activity was observed during comparison ... | 1984 | 6485669 |
| cholera in indonesia: epidemiologic studies of transmission in aceh province. | to determine the modes of transmission of cholera in the regency of pidie, indonesia, and to consider strategies for its control, we set up a laboratory to identify vibrio cholerae 01 from patients with severe diarrhea in all government clinics in the regency and questioned culture-positive cases and neighborhood controls about possible exposures to v. cholerae 01. between 12 july and 15 august 1982, 63 of 138 suspected cholera cases were confirmed by the laboratory; 53 of these patients were se ... | 1984 | 6486303 |
| [introduction of the inoculum into the upper agar layer as an alternative method in determining microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics by diffusion in agar]. | a procedure for addition of the inoculum to the surface layer of semisynthetic agar was developed and recommended for the use in the assay of antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms. the procedure differs from the alternative method of barry et al. it is of special value when it is necessary to determine antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogens of highly contagious infections with the agar diffusion method. | 1984 | 6486754 |
| influence of water temperature, salinity, and ph on survival and growth of toxigenic vibrio cholerae serovar 01 associated with live copepods in laboratory microcosms. | the influence of water temperature, salinity, and ph on the multiplication of toxigenic vibrio cholerae serovar o1 cells and their attachment to live planktonic crustaceans, i.e., copepods, was investigated by using laboratory microcosms. by increasing water temperatures up to 30 degrees c, a pronounced effect on the multiplication of v. cholerae was demonstrated, as was attachment of the cells to live copepods. these were measured by culturable counts on agar plates and direct observation by sc ... | 1984 | 6486784 |
| interaction between rat peritoneal macrophages and sialidase-treated erythrocytes: biochemical and morphological studies. | rat peritoneal macrophages bind and phagocytose homologous, sialidase-treated erythrocytes at a rate depending on the number of red cells and the amount of sialic acids released. vibrio cholerae sialidase only partially (75%) removes the sialic acid residues from rat erythrocytes, whereas with arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase complete desialylation is possible. analysis of the sialic acids by capillary gas-liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (glc-ms) revealed the occurrence o ... | 1984 | 6487288 |
| furazolidone-induced inter-strand cross-linking of vibrio cholerae dna: a quantitative study by thermal chromatography through hydroxyapatite column. | 1984 | 6490062 | |
| transmission of non o group 1 vibrio cholerae by raw oyster consumption. | after having eaten dinner many customers of a restaurant in dolo (venice) developed gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting. strains of non o group 1 vibrio cholerae were isolated from rectal swabs of four customers. epidemiological investigations revealed an association between the illness and raw oyster consumption (p = 0.008). also, an association was found between age and illness among males (p = 0.034). as a consequence of this outbreak, a gastroenteritis surveillance programme was run ... | 1984 | 6490304 |
| phage beta interaction with vibrio cholerae. | the role of temperate phage beta in determining the serology and eltor-lytic phage sensitivity in vibrio cholerae was investigated. the only serological change found in six host strains was a change to roughness. this was accompanied by failure to adsorb several of the lytic phages. various phage-sensitivity changes were induced by phage beta in two hosts at the post-adsorption level. in strain hp47, three types of progeny were obtained of which one was universally resistant to lytic phages. the ... | 1984 | 6492121 |
| studies on the enteropathogenic mechanism of non-o 1 vibrio cholerae isolated from the environment and fish in toyama prefecture. | enteropathogenic mechanisms of non-o 1 vibrio cholerae were investigated using strains from the environment and those from fish in toyama prefecture. none of the 93 non-o 1 v. cholerae strains produced a detectable level of choleratoxin-like-enterotoxin (ct-like-enterotoxin) in syncase medium, while 23 strains showed a distinct fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop test (ril). these ril-positive strains neither produced ct-like-enterotoxin in vitro in the other four kinds of media which ar ... | 1984 | 6493071 |
| lysogenicity and prophage type of the strains of vibrio cholerae o-1 isolated mainly from the natural environment. | attention has recently been given to the increasingly frequent detection of atypical vibrio cholerae o-1 in the natural environments throughout the world. lysogenicity of v. cholerae o-1, mainly isolated from environmental sources in nine areas, including the united states, was studied by electron microscopy and a cross-lysis test between bacteria and the culture supernatants. a total of 38 strains isolated in texas in 1973 and in louisiana in 1978 were lysogenic, whereas there were no lysogenic ... | 1984 | 6496453 |
| simultaneous classical and el tor cholera in bangladesh. | cholera appears annually in bangladesh, with peak incidence from september through december and april through june. after being absent for a decade, the classical biotype of vibrio cholerae reappeared in commilla and dhaka on september 1 and 3, 1982, and soon thereafter appeared in many other districts. cases due to the newly emerged classical biotype of v. cholerae rapidly surpassed those due to the el tor biotype. before 1970, classical v. cholerae had been responsible globally for both end ... | 1984 | 6501815 |
| a new enterotoxin produced by vibrio cholerae o1. | 1984 | 6501817 | |
| classical vs el tor cholera: a prospective family study of a concurrent outbreak. | 1984 | 6501822 | |
| entrance of cholera enterotoxin subunits into thymus cells. | analysis of the staining of cholera enterotoxin on the surface of cells with specific antibodies against each subunit of cholera enterotoxin, using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and electron microscopy, showed that not only subunit a but also subunit b penetrates the cell membrane. the detection of subunits inside the cell was facilitated by the use of saponin, an agent that increases membrane permeability. | 1984 | 6501862 |
| inhibitor to the cell-bound haemagglutinin of vibrio cholerae. | an inhibitor to cell-bound ha was found to be produced at the non-haemagglutinating phase of the culture cycle by a classical vibrio strain which produced a cell-bound ha early and transiently during its growth. the ha-negative filtrate obtained from the late log-culture was found to inhibit the cell-bound ha activity produced by the same vibrio strain. it was also found to be produced early in shaking cultures at 37 degrees c and to mask the activity of early cell-bound ha in whole culture test ... | 1984 | 6505790 |
| [variability of vibrio cholerae as affected by subbacteriostatic concentrations of antibiotics]. | the effect of subbacteriostatic concentrations of some antibiotics on variation of the features characterizing the serovar and biovar of the cholera germ was studied on 10 strains of v. cholerae e1 tor of the inaba serovar having the typical properties. it was shown that even a single exposure to the subbacteriostatic concentrations of some antibiotics resulted in formations of clones differing from the parental strains by a number of significant features, such as the antigenic structure, phage ... | 1984 | 6508252 |
| response of toxigenic vibrio cholerae 01 to physico-chemical stresses in aquatic environments. | the survival and growth of toxigenic vibrio cholerae 01 in water under various conditions of salinity, ph, temperature and cation composition and concentration were studied in an extensive series of laboratory experiments. inter- and intra-strain variation in stress response (of 01 and non-01 strains) and the ability of v. cholerae to adapt to stressful environments were also studied. toxigenic v. cholerae 01 were able to survive for at least 70 days at 25 degrees c in solutions of sea salt. the ... | 1984 | 6512251 |
| [the role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea]. | 1984 | 6513120 | |
| intestinal antibodies in rats following exposure to live vibrio cholerae. | indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods were used to characterize the primary, secondary and tertiary antibody responses of rats to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and heat-sensitive surface-associated (hssa) antigens of v. cholerae in the major immunoglobulin classes of serum, intestinal mucus and bile following intestinal injections of live organisms. antibody production following the first injection was limited to the igg and igm classes of serum and the iga class of bile but a second ... | 1984 | 6517765 |
| occurrence of transferable multi-drug resistance in vibrio cholerae-o1 in an endemic area. | 1984 | 6519698 | |
| cell-bound haemagglutinin (cha) of v. cholerae 01 as protective antigen. | the study of immunogenicity of cell-bound haemagglutinin (cha) of vibrio cholerae e1 tor in mice revealed that the cha was a good antigen when it was adsorbed onto the surface of sheep red blood cells and given orally to mice. the antigen not only induced high levels of various class antibodies which sustained in the intestinal tracts for a long period of time (longer than 6 months) but also the antibodies were protective against homologous cholera challenge. the degree of protection seems to co ... | 1984 | 6523176 |
| [action of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin on microorganisms]. | the damaging of v. cholerae enterotoxin on anaerobic dehydrogenases of different species of opportunistic microorganisms has been revealed. experiments, carried out both in vivo and in vitro, have shown that under certain conditions this enterotoxin may act as one of the factors of the intra- and interspecific antagonism of bacteria. | 1984 | 6524163 |
| [assessment of the importance of certain properties for the virulence of vibrio cholerae and the detection of their correlations]. | the study of 65 v. cholerae strains and mutants with different biological characteristics has revealed that their virulence directly correlates with their sensitivity to diagnostic cholera phages, lecithnase activity, viability and inversely correlates with their hemolytic activity. the role of lecithinase activity in a number of properties linked with cholerigenicity has been shown. inverse correlation between the hemolytic activity of v. cholerae and some properties of this organism has been d ... | 1984 | 6524164 |
| a tetraantennary glycopeptide from human tamm-horsfall glycoprotein inhibits agglutination of desialylated erythrocytes induced by leucoagglutinin. | complex-type glycopeptides from human tamm-horsfall glycoprotein were fractionated by affinity chromatography on leucoagglutinin-agarose. an oligosaccharide species was retained by the lectin-gel, suggesting that it contains an alpha-mannose residue of the trimannosyl core substituted at c-2 and c-6 positions with beta-n-acetylglucosamine, as in tetraantennary oligosaccharides. the carbohydrate composition supported this branching pattern. the agglutination of neuraminidase-treated human erythro ... | 1984 | 6525453 |
| [lysogeny studies of vibrio cholerae nag]. | to establish the presence of phages specific for v. cholerae nag, 673 strains, 166 water samples from ponds and sewage and 674 fecal samples from patients with acute intestinal diseases have been studied; as a result, 54 phage races have been isolated. the occurrence of true lysogeny in v. cholerae nag has been found to be infrequent (0.9-10% among newly isolated strains). pseudolysogeny has been detected in 0.75% of the strains under study. of the total number of truly lysogenic strains of v. c ... | 1984 | 6528780 |
| [potentials and conditions for the reversion of pathogenic properties of the causative agent of cholera in an experiment]. | the passage of v. cholerae noncholerigenic strains and their mutants, both in vitro and in vivo, has demonstrated that strains in which one of such properties as mobility, viability, adhesive, lecithinase and neuraminidase activities, is sharply decreased or lost, are still capable of reversion to cholerigenic forms. v. cholerae strains which have lost two or more of these properties, as well as strains having stable hemolytic activity determined by greig's test, seem to be incapable of such rev ... | 1984 | 6528781 |
| a longitudinal study of diarrhoea among children in calcutta communities. | a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the profile of diarrheal diseases in a group of 383 children below 5 years of age in 2 typical slums of calcutta (india). the overall annual incidence of diarrheal illness in these children during the 1st year of the study was found to be 1.1/child. however, the incidence was higher (1.9/child) in children below 2 years of age and declined progressively with advancing age. most (99.5%) of the diarrheal episodes were mild in nature and not a sing ... | 1984 | 6530269 |
| a clinical study of vibrio cholerae 01 in singapore related to environmental factors. | 1984 | 6530534 | |
| o-serogrouping scheme for mesophilic aeromonas strains. | the o-antigens of 307 strains of mesophilic aeromonas including 227 a. hydrophila and 80 a. caviae were studied and 44 o-serogroups defined among them. the presence of heat-labile masked antigen, which inhibits o-agglutination, was observed in some strains. as all the o-antisera prepared with these mesophilic aeromonas strains contained some r-antibody, all diagnostic o-antisera must be absorbed with r-organisms before use. some of the o-antigens were found to be identical or closely related to ... | 1984 | 6536785 |
| phosphate repression of phage protein synthesis during infection by choleraphage phi 149. | a synthetic medium for choleraphage phi 149 growth, in which the concentration of phosphate ions plays a significant role, has been defined. upon infection, choleraphage phi 149 dna binds to the cell membrane at three to four sites. the host macromolecular syntheses are shut off by 10 min after infection and the synthesis of phage-specific dna is detectable after 20 min of infection. the phage utilizes primarily the host dna degradation products for its own dna synthesis. when added during the f ... | 1984 | 6540006 |
| transferable plasmid-mediated drug resistance among non-o1 vibrio cholerae and rough strains of vibrio cholerae from tamilnadu, india. | a total of 289 non-o1 vibrio cholerae (nvc) strains and 20 rough v. cholerae (rvc) strains isolated in an endemic area were tested for antibiotic resistance and for transferable r-plasmids. twenty three per cent of nvc and 40% of the rvc isolates were found to be resistant to one or more drugs. eight nvc and four rvc strains possessed multiple drug resistance, varying from four to eight drugs. the common spectrum found in nvc isolates were chloramphenicol and streptomycin (cs) or chloramphenicol ... | 1984 | 6607275 |
| genetic mapping of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin structural genes. | the structural genes which constitute the cholera toxin operon, ctxab, were genetically mapped in the vibrio cholerae el tor strain rv79. this strain of v. cholerae contains two copies of the ctx operon located on a 7-kilobase-pair tandemly duplicated region. we began by isolating a vibriophage vca1 insertion mutation in one of the two ctxa genes located in this region. the mutant carrying this ctxa::vca1 insertion, dc24, was converted to a vca1-facilitated donor by introduction of the conjugal ... | 1984 | 6690422 |
| evaluation in humans of attenuated vibrio cholerae el tor ogawa strain texas star-sr as a live oral vaccine. | texas star-sr, an a- b+ mutant derived by nitrosoguanidine treatment from vibrio cholerae el tor ogawa strain 3083, was fed to 68 volunteers as an oral vaccine in doses of 10(5) to 5 x 10(10) organisms with nahco3. sixteen (24%) vaccinees experienced some loose stools (unrelated to vaccine dose), but in only one did the total stool volume exceed 1.0 liter. the vaccine strain was cultured from duodenal fluid of 35 of 46 (76%) persons who ingested doses of 10(8) organisms or greater. no a+ b+ toxi ... | 1984 | 6693169 |
| sialosylglobotetraosylceramide: a marker for amyotropic lateral sclerosis. | gangliosides of healthy and pathologic muscles (amyotropic lateral sclerosis and facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy) were studied. total ganglioside content of the affected muscles was approximately 2 fold higher than the unaffected muscles. our results showed that als muscle contained a ganglioside which was absent in the unaffected and fsh muscular dystrophic muscles. based on the results of hydrolysis with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase and subsequent reactivity of the asialo derivative ... | 1984 | 6696769 |
| chemical and histochemical studies of normal and diseased human gastrointestinal tract. i. a comparison between histologically normal colon, colonic tumours, ulcerative colitis and diverticular disease of the colon. | chemical and histochemical methods were used to compare the epithelial glycoproteins from formalin-fixed surgical specimens of normal human large intestine, colonic tumours, ulcerative colitis and diverticular disease. all the epithelial glycoproteins contained fucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine and, in addition, sialic acids both with and without o-acyl substituents in the side chain and/or at position c4. the glycoproteins of the normal ascending and descending colons differed signi ... | 1984 | 6698804 |
| [experimental justification for combined subcutaneous immunization against cholera and typhoid fever]. | the article presents materials on experiments substantiating the method for the subcutaneous administration of chemical adsorbed typhoid vaccine by means of a jet-injector and the possibility of using this preparation in combination with cholerogen toxoid. | 1984 | 6702364 |
| vibriobactin, a siderophore from vibrio cholerae. | a novel siderophore (microbial iron transport compound) has been isolated from low iron cultures of vibrio cholerae. belonging to the catecholamide family of chelators, it has been shown to contain three residues of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and two residues of threonine. both threonine moieties are present in the form of oxazoline rings. furthermore, the polyamine backbone of the molecule was proved to be not spermidine, but the rare n-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane, norspermidine. the stru ... | 1984 | 6706943 |
| sea water and vibrio cholerae. | 1984 | 6708907 | |
| [effect of gamma radiation on the immunobiological and immunochemical properties of cholera exotoxin. i. change in the biological activity of nonpurified cholera exotoxin as affected by ionizing radiation]. | crude cholera exotoxin (filtrate toxin) was irradiated with increasing doses of gamma radiation. a significant drop in enterotoxicity, in the activity of the permeation factor and a decrease in toxicity were shown to occur as radiation doses increased. radiation doses of 50-70 kgy were found to completely inactivate enterotoxicity in liquid toxic preparations. a higher radioresistance of dried preparations in comparison with liquid ones was registered: inactivation occurred at 150-200 kgy. diffe ... | 1984 | 6711194 |
| [reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness of a chemical sorbed typhoid vaccine in combination with choleragen-anatoxin administered subcutaneously by jet injector]. | the article presents immunological data substantiating the combined immunization of humans with the mixture of choleragen toxoid and chemical adsorbed typhoid vaccine, introduced subcutaneously by means of a jet injector. | 1984 | 6711201 |
| cytolytic activity and virulence of vibrio damsela. | a correlation was observed between the ability of 19 isolates of vibrio damsela, a halophilic bacterium recently recognized as a human pathogen, to cause disease in mice and to produce large amounts of a cytolytic toxin in vitro. the yield of toxin in the culture supernatant fluids was optimal during the mid- and late-logarithmic phases of growth in medium containing 0.5% na+ ion, was stable during the stationary growth phase, and was significantly reduced in culture medium containing greater th ... | 1984 | 6715036 |
| compared colonizing and immunizing efficiency of toxinogenic (a+ b+) vibrio cholerae and an a- b+ mutant (texas star-sr) studied in adult rabbits. | four strains of vibrio cholerae o1 were compared for their ability to colonize and immunize adult rabbit intestine. three were virulent, toxinogenic (a+ b+) isolates, and one, an a- b+ mutant (texas star-sr), was derived by mutagenesis with nitrosoguanidine. when given orally to nonimmune rabbits, virulent strains colonized the small bowel with similar efficiency, whereas texas star-sr colonized poorly. rabbits fed less than 50 cfu of an a+ b+ strain developed marked serotype-specific resistance ... | 1984 | 6715038 |
| evaluation of the human immune response to outer membrane proteins of vibrio cholerae. | the immune response of 114 volunteers with diarrhea after experimental challenge with four strains of vibrio cholerae o1 was characterized in a microtiter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody detection system by using a partially purified outer membrane preparation (omp) from these strains as an antigen. analysis of paired sera from 29 persons with noncholera diarrhea (negative control population), demonstrated that a rise in net optical density greater than 0.10 was significant. a total o ... | 1984 | 6715044 |
| present status of cholera vaccines. | 1984 | 6724113 | |
| non-01 vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in northern california. | 1984 | 6730494 | |
| a common source foodborne outbreak of cholera in singapore. | an epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of vibrio cholerae 01, biotype el tor, serotype ogawa, phage type 1, confined to a group of foreign construction workers in singapore is described. a total of 22 workers were confirmed to have cholera and another 15 had asymptomatic vibrio cholerae 01 infection between 3 november and 11 november 1982. the source of infection was traced to contaminated seafood prepared at the construction site canteen where two food handlers were found to be infecte ... | 1984 | 6735567 |
| rapid screening of fecal samples for vibrio cholerae by a coagglutination technique. | a coagglutination procedure for detecting vibrio cholerae was applied directly to 125 watery fecal samples received in the laboratory for bacteriological culture: many of these were from suspected cases of cholera. of 47 bacteriologically proved cases of cholera, 44 (93.6%) gave positive results by the coagglutination method. there was a good correlation between the coagglutination method, dark-field microscopy, and culture. | 1984 | 6736229 |
| mucosal antitoxic and antibacterial immunity after cholera disease and after immunization with a combined b subunit-whole cell vaccine. | mucosal and systemic immune responses to a new oral cholera vaccine, consisting of the b subunit plus killed vibrios, were studied in bangladeshi volunteers and compared with those to clinical cholera. a single peroral dose of vaccine induced a local iga antitoxin response in intestinal-lavage fluid of seven of eight vaccinees; the response closely mimicked that of patients convalescing from cholera, and evidence of the induction of local immunologic memory was found as well. two peroral doses w ... | 1984 | 6736680 |
| ecology of non-o 1 vibrio cholerae in toyama prefecture. | the ecology of non-o 1 vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus as causes of cholera-like diarrhea or seafood-associated gastroenteritis has been investigated in toyama prefecture since 1980. the relationship between biological or serological characteristics of the isolates and their enteropathogenicity is discussed. overall isolation rates from river water, sea water, and fish were 24.0, 59.5, and 33.7%, respectively, the isolation frequency being, in general, extremely high in the summer season, alt ... | 1984 | 6738382 |
| characterization and distribution of the cell-bound haemagglutinins produced by vibrio cholerae. | the two biotypes of vibrio cholerae were found to produce two distinct cell-bound haemagglutinins (has). el tor vibrios, most of their nonmotile mutants and nonpathogenic el tor strains produced a mannose-sensitive cell-bound ha constitutively under all growth conditions examined. some classical vibrios, their nonmotile mutants and antigenically rough mutants of classical strains produced a fucose-sensitive cell-bound ha continually. other classical vibrios produced neither cell-bound ha nor a f ... | 1984 | 6740382 |
| [quantitative parameters of the length of time of vibrio eltor survival on household objects]. | on household articles contaminated with protein-containing excrements (as in the stool of cholera patients) v. eltor survive 4.6 times longer than on those contaminated with excrements without protein (as in the stool of vibriocarriers ). this is due to a lesser initial dose of vibrios and the absence of protein in the excrements of vibriocarriers . these differences in the survival time of v. eltor on household articles suggest that objects contaminated with the excrements of cholera patients a ... | 1984 | 6741357 |
| [resistance to antibiotics of vibrio cholerae and its possible prognostic significance]. | control of antibiotic resistance of vibrio cholerae in various areas of the world revealed the characteristic features of the situation and tendencies of antibiotic resistance development in this microbial group. it was shown that though the main part of the el tor vibrio of the 7th cholera pandemia period was highly sensitive to antibiotics, separate strains with stable plasmid antibiotic resistance were isolated. by the end of the 70s the spread of resistant cholera germs was registered. the a ... | 1984 | 6742803 |
| bacteria associated with crabs from cold waters with emphasis on the occurrence of potential human pathogens. | a diverse array of bacterial species, including several potential human pathogens, was isolated from edible crabs collected in cold waters. crabs collected near kodiak island, alaska, contained higher levels of bacteria than crabs collected away from regions of human habitation. the bacteria associated with the crabs collected near kodiak included yersinia enterocolitica, klebsiella pneumoniae, and coagulase-negative staphylococcus species; the pathogenicity of these isolates was demonstrated in ... | 1984 | 6742824 |
| seasonal variations of vibrio cholerae (non-o1) isolated from california coastal waters. | this report compares recovery of non-o1 vibrio cholerae strains from seven california coastal sites during the winter and summer of 1983. a total of 41 identified and 27 presumptive nn-o1 v. cholerae strains were recovered from six of seven coastal sites in the summer. a 5-to 56-fold increase in the numbers of organisms isolated from different sites occurred in the summer months, when water temperatures were 1.9 to 5.1 degrees c higher. at the three sites where the highest levels of non-o1 v. ch ... | 1984 | 6742842 |
| effect of carbohydrates on adherence of vibrio cholerae to rabbit intestine & haemagglutination of sheep erythrocytes. | 1984 | 6746031 | |
| elucidation of the phagocytosis mechanism with the aid of luminous bacteria. | phagocytosis of the luminous bacterium vibrio cholerae var. albensis caused a similar decrease both in viable count and in the in-vivo luminescence. these effects of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) were oxygen-dependent processes. exposure of pmn to oxygen caused a prompt decrease in the luminescence of bacteria that had been ingested in anaerobic conditions. cell-free supernates from active pmn suspensions caused a decrease in luminescence and as much as 10% of the killing could b ... | 1984 | 6748042 |
| structure and cell envelope associations of flagellar basal complexes of vibrio cholerae and campylobacter fetus. | to isolate intact flagella with basal complexes from vibrio cholerae, a rhamnolipid hemolysin from pseudomonas aeruginosa was used to disrupt the cell envelope and flagellar sheath. the nonionic detergent, triton x-100, provided similar results for campylobacter fetus. each of these basal complexes possessed, in addition to the four classical rings, concentric membrane rings (cmr's) similar to those found in aquaspirillum serpens. through the use of stereo imaging (which allows structures to be ... | 1984 | 6426766 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae hemolysin: purification, partial characterization, and immunological relatedness to el tor hemolysin. | hemolysin of a non-o1 vibrio cholerae strain was purified and characterized. the purified hemolysin gave a single protein band on conventional and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. its molecular weight was estimated as 60,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. it had a pi of 5.7. the purified hemolysin caused increased vascular permeability of rabbit skin and rapid death of mice on intravenous injection and also lysed erythrocytes of various animal speci ... | 1984 | 6429044 |
| a trial of adjuvant combination chemoimmunotherapy for stage iii carcinoma of stomach. | a chemoimmunotherapy program designed on the basis of experimental results was administered to 27 patients with stage iii carcinoma of stomach following curative resection. the treatment regimen consisted of active immunotherapy with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn)-treated autologous tumor cells admixed with bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) and chemotherapy with drugs such as cyclophosphamide (cy), mitomycin c (mmc), and 5-fluorouracil (fu) which proved to enhance the immune response when admi ... | 1984 | 6429448 |
| combination chemoimmunotherapy for advanced gastric carcinoma. | eighty-nine patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were treated with a combination chemo-immunotherapy regimen that consisted of active immunotherapy with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcn) treated autologous tumor cells admixed with bcg and drugs including cyclophosphamide, mitomycin c (mmc) and 5-fluorouracil, followed by long term tegafur (ft) and immunomodulators. this treatment significantly improved survival rate of patients in stages iii, iv and unresectable or recurrent carcinoma, com ... | 1984 | 6431164 |
| effect of ph on the binding of vicia graminea lectin to erythrocytes. dependence on the chemical character of red-cell receptors. | binding of the radioactive vicia graminea lectin to human blood-group m and n erythrocytes and to horse erythrocytes was studied at ph 6-10. binding of the lectin to untreated human erythrocytes and to those treated with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase increased severalfold from ph 6 to ph 8 and was maintained at the maximal level up to ph 9/9.5. on the other hand, interaction of v. graminea lectin with native or desialylated horse erythrocytes was not significantly affected by ph and small differ ... | 1984 | 6432538 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease nicks cholera enterotoxin. | unnicked cholera enterotoxin was isolated from culture supernatants of vibrio cholerae 569b by either rapid processing of flask-grown cultures or by growing and processing fermentor cultures in the presence of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetra acetic acid, an inhibitor of the previously described v. cholerae hemagglutinin/protease. when unnicked cholera enterotoxin was incubated with purified hemagglutinin/protease, the unnicked a subunit was converted to a molecular wei ... | 1984 | 6432694 |
| [suppression of ige antibody production by component of vibrio cholerae]. | 1984 | 6434645 | |
| [suppressive effects of ige antibody formation of orally administered living and killed vibrio cholerae cells in mice]. | 1984 | 6434656 | |
| nature and location of amide-bound (r)-3-acyloxyacyl groups in lipid a of lipopolysaccharides from various gram-negative bacteria. | it has previously been demonstrated [eur. j. biochem. 124, 191-198 (1982) and 137, 15-22 (1983)] that the lipid a component of salmonella and proteus lipopolysaccharides contains amide-linked (r)-3-acyloxyacyl residues. in the present study lipid a of other gram-negative bacteria was analysed for the presence of amide-bound 3-acyloxyacyl residues. it was found that such residues are constituents of all lipid a tested (agrobacterium tumefaciens, chromobacterium violaceum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, ... | 1984 | 6437812 |
| antigenic s-type lipopolysaccharide of brucella abortus 1119-3. | antigenic phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide isolated from brucella abortus 1119-3 by hot phenol-water extraction was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, controlled hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, methylation, and 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be an s-type lipopolysaccharide which could be cleaved to yield a lipid a and an o-chain polysaccharide identified as an unbranched linear homopolymer of 1,2-linked 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-alpha-d-ma ... | 1984 | 6437981 |
| an immunochemical procedure to evaluate the degree of desialylation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in rat serum. | when radial immunodiffusion (rid) and electroimmunodiffusion (eid) were used for the determination of rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-agp) a significant discrepancy in the results was encountered depending on the degree of sialylation. when alpha 1-agp was desialylated, the amounts estimated by eid were much lower than those actually present as assayed by the rid method. the relationship between the percentage of desialylation of alpha 1-agp and the percentage of its underestimation by ei ... | 1984 | 6438239 |
| antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and the dawn of a new era in the control of infection. | literature reports concerned with monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, or their toxins, which are pathogens for man and animals were surveyed. these antibodies have important potential uses in human and veterinary pathology and medicine. they are likely to become key elements in a fast progression toward a more complete understanding and control of infectious diseases and of toxin poisoning. a new area of bacteriology relevant to sanitary engineering is also being advanced with the help of an ... | 1984 | 6438759 |
| [effect of gamma radiation on the immunobiological and immunochemical properties of cholera exotoxin. iv. the biological and immunochemical properties of purified irradiated choleragen]. | the results of investigations carried out to study the effect of gamma radiation on the properties of the purified preparations of cholera exotoxin are presented. irradiation has been shown to decrease the anterotoxicity of purified choleragen and the activity of its permeability factor, depending on the radiation dose. the investigations have revealed that in purified toxin enterotoxicity is completely inactivated with a lover radiation dose than in crude toxin filtrate (25 kgy). in immunochemi ... | 1984 | 6438968 |
| identification of a disialoganglioside (gd1a) containing terminal n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid in rat erythrocytes. | gangliosides containing 350 micrograms of sialic acids were isolated from 2.85 x 10(11) rat erythrocytes and found to be mainly composed of gd1a and an unknown alkali-labile species which was converted to gd1a after treatment with ammonia. smaller amounts of gm1 and fuc-gm1 were also present. identification of the sialic acids of the novel species by thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography--mass spectrometry revealed the presence of both n- ... | 1984 | 6440851 |
| [determination of cholera enterotoxin in supernatants of homogenates from the wall of the small intestine in rabbits in the passive immune hemolysis reaction]. | the article presents the data indicating that suckling rabbits can be used as a model, specific only for enterotoxin-producing vibrio eltor strains. the signs characteristic of low virulence may appear as the consequence of the action of other products resulting from the vital activity of vibrios. no strains capable of producing toxin only in vivo or in vitro have been detected. the quantitative correlation of the synthesis of enterotoxin in the body of experimental animals and in vitro has been ... | 1984 | 6369845 |