Publications

first description of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants and β-lactamase encoding genes in non-typhoidal salmonella isolated from humans, one companion animal and food in romania.	gastroenteritis attributable to salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern for public health. this study was conducted in order to investigate the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants and β-lactamase-encoding genes, in s. enterica, isolated from humans, one companion animal and food. moreover, the study aimed to identify potenti ...	2015	26120367
efficient suppression of biofilm formation by a nucleic acid aptamer.	biofilms are microbial communities that are attached to a solid surface using extracellular polymeric substances. motility and initial attachment mediated by flagella are required for biofilm formation. therefore, blocking the motility of flagella is a potential strategy to inhibit biofilm formation. in this study, single-stranded dna aptamers specific to the salmonella choleraesuis were selected after 14 cycles of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. among the selected ...	2015	26025307
[salmonella meningitis in an infant due to a pet turtle].	in humans, salmonella most often causes self-limiting gastroenteritis, but more severe symptoms such as sepsis and meningitis can also occur and can sometimes have a fatal outcome. even if the meningitis is not fatal, sequelae such as epilepsy, cranial nerve palsies, and hydrocephalus can occur. in the united states, it has been estimated that approximately 6% of the human cases of salmonellosis can be attributed to contact with reptiles or amphibians. the infection may take place by direct cont ...	2015	26014646
massive lineage replacements and cryptic outbreaks of salmonella typhi in eastern and southern africa.	a new large-scale study reports the whole-genome sequences of nearly 2,000 salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) strains collected from 63 countries. a recent and dominant multidrug-resistant (mdr) lineage originating from south asia, which is supplanting a bulk of ancestral drug-sensitive strains, is identified; the success of this lineage is likely driven by plasmid acquisitions and the chromosomal integration of resistance-conferring genes.	2015	26018894
up-regulation of nlrc5 and nf-κb signaling pathway in carrier chickens challenged with salmonella enterica serovar pullorum at different persistence periods.	the immune performance, snps and expression levels of candidate genes (il1-β, nramp1, tlr4, myd88, nf-κb and nlrc5) were analyzed in carrier chickens of a chinese indigenous breed infected with salmonella enterica serovar pullorum at different persistence periods (12, 19 and 24 weeks of age). carrier birds at 19 weeks of age presented significant difference in most immune parameters, as compared to carriers at 12 and 24 weeks of age, while no significant difference in most immune parameters was ...	2015	26118124
reduction of salmonella enterica on the surface of eggshells by sequential treatment with aqueous chlorine dioxide and drying.	the synergistic effects of sequential treatments with chlorine dioxide (clo2) and drying in killing salmonella enterica on the surface of chicken eggshells were investigated. initial experiments were focused on comparing lethalities of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and clo2. eggs surface-inoculated with s. enterica in chicken feces as a carrier were immersed in water, naocl (50 or 200 μg/ml), or clo2 (50 or 200 μg/ml) for 1 or 5 min. for 1-min treatments, lethal activities of sanitizers were not s ...	2015	26114591
pcr melting profile as a tool for outbreak studies of salmonella enterica in chickens.	salmonellosis is of great economic concern in all phases of the poultry industry, from production to marketing, leading to severe economic losses. monitoring the source of the bacterial contamination has fundamental importance in the spreading of salmonellosis.	2015	26100129
regulation of dna phosphorothioate modifications by the transcriptional regulator dptb in salmonella.	dna phosphorothioate (pt) modifications, with one non-bridging phosphate oxygen replaced with sulfur, are widely but sporadically distributed in prokaryotic genomes. short consensus sequences surround the modified linkage in each strain, although each site is only partially modified. the mechanism that maintains this low-frequency modification status is still unknown. in salmonella enterica serovar cerro 87, pt modification is mediated by a four-gene cluster called dptbcde. here, we found that d ...	2015	26096787
spatial variation and survival of salmonella enterica subspecies in a population of australian sleepy lizards (tiliqua rugosa).	the life cycles of many enteric bacterial species require a transition between two very distinct environments. their primary habitat is the gastrointestinal tract of the host, while their secondary habitat, during transmission from one host to another, consists of environments external to the host, such as soil, water, and sediments. consequently, both host and environmental factors shape the genetic structure of enteric bacterial populations. this study examined the distribution of four salmone ...	2015	26092451
first report of anaerobic isolation of salmonella enterica from liver abscesses of feedlot cattle.		2015	26085617
ovariectomy as treatment for ovarian bacterial granulomas in a duvaucel's gecko (hoplodactylus duvaucelii).	an adult female duvaucel's gecko (hoplodactylus duvaucelii) from a threatened species breeding programme presented due to a prolonged gestation period and distended abdomen.	2015	26085121
salmonella occurrence and enterobacteriaceae counts in pig feed ingredients and compound feed from feed mills in ireland.	the purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of non-typhoidal salmonellae and enterobacteriaceae counts in raw ingredients and compound feeds sampled from feed mills manufacturing pig diets. between november 2012 and september 2013, feed ingredients (n=340) and compound pig feed (n=313) samples were collected from five commercial feed mills and one home compounder at various locations throughout ireland. feed ingredients included cereals, vegetable protein sources and by-products of oi ...	2015	26211839
characterization of salmonella typhimurium isolates from domestically acquired infections in finland by phage typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pfge and mlva.	salmonella enterica spp. enterica serotype typhimurium (stm) is the most common agent of domestically acquired salmonellosis in finland. subtyping methods which allow the characterization of stm are essential for effective laboratory-based stm surveillance and for recognition of outbreaks. this study describes the diversity of finnish stm isolates using phage typing, antimicrobial susceptible testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis ( ...	2015	26129826
investigation of nalidixic acid resistance mechanism in salmonella enterica using molecular simulation techniques.	the emergence of nalidixic acid-resistant strains of salmonella typhimurium remains to be a major public health problem. in particular, the substitution of asn in place of asp at the 87 loci in the gyra of s. typhimurium was experimentally stated for nalidixic acid resistance. however, the data on the possible mechanism of nalidixic acid resistance are limited. in this study, i-mutant2.0 and duet program were employed to explore the impact of mutation on the stability of gyra protein. subsequent ...	2015	26208690
characterization of the cytolethal distending toxin (typhoid toxin) in non-typhoidal salmonella serovars.	for many putative salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence genes, functional characterization across serovars has been limited. cytolethal distending toxin b (cdtb) is an incompletely characterized virulence factor that is found not only in salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi (salmonella typhi) and dozens of gram negative bacterial pathogens, but also in non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) serovars.	2015	26207144
immunogenicity and protective efficacy of salmonella enterica serovar pullorum pathogenicity island 2 mutant as a live attenuated vaccine candidate.	salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (s. pullorum) causes pullorum disease (pd), a severe systemic disease of poultry and results in considerable economic losses in developing countries. in order to develop a safe and immunogenic vaccine, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of s06004δspi2, a salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2) deleted mutant of s. pullorum was evaluated in 2-day old chickens.	2015	26205518
characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica isolated from pork, chicken meat, and humans in northeastern thailand.	a total of 221 salmonella enterica from raw pork (n=64), raw chicken (n=80), and humans (n=77) were characterized for antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes and virulence plasmid-associated genes. most salmonella isolates (95.9%) were multidrug resistant and exhibited high resistance to sulfamethoxazole (96.4%), streptomycin (93.2%), spectinomycin (76.5%), tetracycline (73.3%), ampicillin (70.1%), and trimethoprim (60.2%). forty-one percent of all isolates were inti1-positive, of whic ...	2015	26204443
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae str. rks2983.	salmonella arizonae (also called salmonella subgroup iiia) is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. s. arizonae strain rks2983 was isolated from a human in california, usa. s. arizonae lies somewhere between salmonella subgroups i (human pathogens) and v (also called s. bongori; usually non-pathogenic to humans) and so is an ideal model organism for studies of bacterial evolution from non-human pathogen to human pathogens. we hence sequenced t ...	2015	26203341
role of salmonella serology a century after the widal era.	typhoid fever remains an important health burden in the developing world, whereas non-typhoid salmonelloses are one of the most common food-borne illnesses throughout the world and can be subjected to extra-intestinal complications. culture is the gold standard for diagnosing a salmonella infection. serology can also provide evidence of infection. serological methods for the diagnosis of salmonella infections in humans and animals vary widely and can as well be used in epidemiologic studies to d ...	2015	26201126
efficacy of lytic bacteriophage preparation in reducing salmonella in vitro, on turkey breast cutlets, and on ground turkey.	the efficacy of the recently approved salmonella lytic bacteriophage preparation (salmofresh) in reducing salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg on turkey breast cutlets and ground turkey was evaluated. in a broth model assay, the phage preparation completely inhibited the growth of four s. enterica serotypes (salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmonella kentucky, and salmonella typhimurium) at 37°c at a multiplicity of infection of 10,000 pfu/cfu. at 4°c in 0.1% peptone water (pw) ...	2015	26197288
inoculation preparation affects survival of salmonella enterica on whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds stored at low water activity.	salmonellosis has been increasingly associated with contaminated spices. identifying inoculation and stabilization methods for salmonella on whole spices is important for development of validated inactivation processes. the objective of this study was to examine the effects of inoculation preparation on the recoverability of salmonella enterica from dried whole peppercorns and cumin seeds. whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds were inoculated with s. enterica using one dry transfer method and ...	2015	26197275
characterization of salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from korean food animals.	salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, has emerged as one of the most common serotypes related to human salmonellosis. in this study, the 22 isolates of s. 4,[5],12:i:- from food animals were identified by a specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction between 2009 and 2012. the isolation rate of s. 4,[5],12:i:- accounted for 1.7% (22/1271) of salmonella spp. isolates from food animal origins: more specifically, 7.6% (18/235) ...	2015	26192872
effectiveness of a spontaneous carvacrol nanoemulsion against salmonella enterica enteritidis and escherichia coli o157:h7 on contaminated broccoli and radish seeds.	the incidence of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of fresh produce has continued to increase over the past decade. sprouts, such as mung bean, alfalfa, radish, and broccoli, are minimally processed and have been sources for foodborne illness. currently, a 20,000 ppm calcium hypochlorite soak is recommended for the treatment of sprouting seeds. in this study, the efficacy of an antimicrobial carvacrol nanoemulsion was tested against salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar ...	2015	26187822
application of ethidium bromide monoazide for quantification of viable and dead cells of salmonella enterica by real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	a rapid and efficient method for quantification and discrimination of salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis between viable and dead cells killed by heat was developed using ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) in combination with a real-time loop amplified (rti-lamp) dna assay. the use of 8.0 μg/ml or less of ema did not inhibit dna amplification in rti-lamp assays derived from viable cells. however, 8.0 μg/ml of ema notably inhibited dna amplification and significantly increased the tp values with d ...	2015	26187777
epidemiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, and antimicrobial management of invasive salmonella infections.	salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. antimicrobial resistance has emerged in salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. decreased flu ...	2015	26180063
blue 470 nm light suppresses the growth of salmonella enterica and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in vitro.	emerging evidence suggests that blue light can photo-inactivate some bacteria of clinical importance. consequently, we tested the hypothesis that 470 nm light can suppress growth of two recalcitrant bacteria, mrsa and salmonella.	2015	26174877
fatal case of diarrhea with acute kidney injury and hemiplegia due to salmonella enterica serovar wangata: the first report from the indian subcontinent.		2015	26166494
salmonella bacteriuria in a cat fed a salmonella-contaminated diet.	a 9-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of hematuria and weight loss after an 8-year history of intermittent signs of feline lower urinary tract disease (flutd). a complete diet history revealed that the cat was eating a commercial diet that does not undergo the same processing procedures as most pet foods and so might be at increased risk for bacterial contamination owing to a nonstandard industry cooking procedure.	2015	26295559
a live oral fowl typhoid vaccine with reversible o-antigen production.	salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid, recognized worldwide as an economically important disease. the current vaccine, 9r, lacks a complete o antigen, which is a salmonella virulence factor, and, in addition, has a number of other less well characterized chromosomal mutations. for optimal efficacy, 9r is administered by injection. in an effort to develop a vaccine suitable for oral administration, we constructed salmonella gallinarum strains with a reversible o-antigen pheno ...	2015	26292534
acute hepatic necrosis caused by salmonella enterica serotype i 4,5,12:-:1,2 in a dog.	acute hepatic necrosis was diagnosed in a dog. gram staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified salmonella enterica in the liver, subsequently confirmed as s. enterica serotype i 4,5,12:-:1,2. this is the first report of acute hepatic necrosis with liver failure caused by salmonella in a dog.	2015	26292301
evaluation of surrogate disk tests for detection of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of salmonella enterica.	detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in salmonella enterica has become increasingly difficult due to evolving resistance mechanisms to this antimicrobial class in this organism. we evaluated two quinolone disks and five fluoroquinolone disks for their ability to act as a surrogate agent for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in a collection of 136 s. enterica isolates, including 111 with intermediate or resistant ciprofloxacin mics mediated by a variety of resistance mechanisms. cipr ...	2015	26292293
development of a pefloxacin disk diffusion method for detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella enterica.	fluoroquinolones (fqs) are among the drugs of choice for treatment of salmonella infections. however, fluoroquinolone resistance is increasing in salmonella due to chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) of the topoisomerase genes gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare and/or plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) mechanisms including qnr variants, aac(6')-ib-cr, qepa, and oqxab. some of these mutations cause only subtle increases in the mic, i.e., mics ranging fr ...	2015	26292292
area-level global and local clustering of human salmonella enteritidis infection rates in the city of toronto, canada, 2007-2009.	salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (s. enteritidis) remains a major foodborne pathogen in north america yet studies examining the spatial epidemiology of salmonellosis in urban environments are lacking. our ecological study combined a number of spatial statistical methods with a geographic information system to assess area-level heterogeneity of s. enteritidis infection rates in the city of toronto.	2015	26290174
salmonella enterica serovar szentes, a rare serotype causing a 9-month outbreak in 2013 and 2014 in switzerland.	during the summer of 2013, an increase of salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar szentes isolates from human clinical cases was registered by the swiss national centre for enteropathogenic bacteria and listeria. in the course of the ensuing 9 months, 18 isolates originating from 13 patients and from one food sample were collected. of the 13 human cases, 10 (77%) were female. the patients' ages ranged from 27 to 83 years (median age 49 years). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) performed ...	2015	26287690
localization of proteins to the 1,2-propanediol utilization microcompartment by non-native signal sequences is mediated by a common hydrophobic motif.	various bacteria localize metabolic pathways to proteinaceous organelles known as bacterial microcompartments (mcps), enabling the metabolism of carbon sources to enhance survival and pathogenicity in the gut. there is considerable interest in exploiting bacterial mcps for metabolic engineering applications, but little is known about the interactions between mcp signal sequences and the protein shells of different mcp systems. we found that the n-terminal sequences from the ethanolamine utilizat ...	2015	26283792
formal comment to pettengill: the time to most recent common ancestor does not (usually) approximate the date of divergence.	in 2013 zhou et al. concluded that salmonella enterica serovar agona represents a genetically monomorphic lineage of recent ancestry, whose most recent common ancestor existed in 1932, or earlier. the abstract stated 'agona consists of three lineages with minimal mutational diversity: only 846 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have accumulated in the non-repetitive, core genome since agona evolved in 1932 and subsequently underwent a major population expansion in the 1960s.' these conclusio ...	2015	26274924
draft genome sequence and annotation of phyllosphere-persisting salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone strain cky-s4, isolated from an urban lake in regina, canada.	here, we report the first draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar livingstone. this s. livingstone strain cky-s4 displayed biofilm formation and cellulose production and could persist on lettuce. this genome may help the study of mechanisms by which enteric pathogens colonize food crops.	2015	26272568
fast and efficient three-step target-specific curing of a virulence plasmid in salmonella enterica.	virulence plasmids borne by serovars of salmonella enterica carry genes involved in its pathogenicity, as well as other functions. characterization of phenotypes associated with virulence plasmids requires a system for efficiently curing strains of their virulence plasmids. here, we developed a 3-step protocol for targeted curing of virulence plasmids. the protocol involves insertion of an i-seci restriction site linked to an antibiotic resistance gene into the target plasmid using λ-red mutagen ...	2015	26272479
rapid and sensitive salmonella typhi detection in blood and fecal samples using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.	typhoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi remains a significant public health problem in developing countries. although the main method for diagnosing typhoid fever is blood culture, the test is time consuming and not always able to detect infections. thus, it is very difficult to distinguish typhoid from other infections in patients with nonspecific symptoms. a simple and sensitive laboratory detection method remains necessary. the purpose of this study is to establish and evalu ...	2015	26270463
first complete genome sequence of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby strain associated with pork in france.	in france, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar derby is one of the most often isolated serovars in pigs. here, we describe the draft genome sequence of a strain isolated from a pig. this strain had the most frequent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial patterns (s, ssu, t) usually observed in pig production in france. those patterns have been also highlighted in human isolates.	2015	26227607
reconstruction of the temporal signaling network in salmonella-infected human cells.	salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that usually infects its host through food sources. translocation of the pathogen proteins into the host cells leads to changes in the signaling mechanism either by activating or inhibiting the host proteins. given that the bacterial infection modifies the response network of the host, a more coherent view of the underlying biological processes and the signaling networks can be obtained by using a network modeling approach based on the reverse engineer ...	2015	26257716
weak interactions between salmonella enterica flhb and other flagellar export apparatus proteins govern type iii secretion dynamics.	the bacterial flagellum contains its own type iii secretion apparatus that coordinates protein export with assembly at the distal end. while many interactions among export apparatus proteins have been reported, few have been examined with respect to the differential affinities and dynamic relationships that must govern the mechanism of export. flhb, an integral membrane protein, plays critical roles in both export and the substrate specificity switching that occurs upon hook completion. reported ...	2015	26244937
virulence characterization of salmonella enterica by a new microarray: detection and evaluation of the cytolethal distending toxin gene activity in the unusual host s. typhimurium.	salmonella enterica is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. we assessed the virulence potential of one-hundred and six salmonella strains isolated from food animals and products. a high through-put virulence genes microarray demonstrated salmonella pathogenicity islands (spi) and adherence genes were highly conserved, while prophages and virulence plasmid genes were variably present. isolates were grouped by serotype, and virulence plasmids separated s. typh ...	2015	26244504
a case of salmonella enterica serovar typhi tubo ovarian abscess.		2015	26243998
a highly effective component vaccine against nontyphoidal salmonella enterica infections.	nontyphoidal salmonella enterica (nts) infections are a major burden to global public health, as they lead to diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infections and there is currently no vaccine available. here, we describe a highly effective component vaccine against s. enterica serovar typhimurium in both gastroenteritis and systemic murine infection models. we devised an approach to generate supernatants of s. enterica serovar typhimurium, an organism that is highly abundant in viru ...	2015	26396246
rapidly escalating hepcidin and associated serum iron starvation are features of the acute response to typhoid infection in humans.	iron is a key pathogenic determinant of many infectious diseases. hepcidin, the hormone responsible for governing systemic iron homeostasis, is widely hypothesized to represent a key component of nutritional immunity through regulating the accessibility of iron to invading microorganisms during infection. however, the deployment of hepcidin in human bacterial infections remains poorly characterized. typhoid fever is a globally significant, human-restricted bacterial infection, but understanding ...	2015	26394303
laboratory, environmental, and epidemiologic investigation and regulatory enforcement actions in response to an outbreak of salmonella bredeney infections linked to peanut butter.	background. in september 2012, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), u.s. food and drug administration (fda), and state and local partners investigated an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar bredeney linked to peanut butter (pb). methods. a case was defined as infection with the outbreak strain of salmonella bredeney between june 1, 2012 and october 31, 2012. food exposure questionnaires were analyzed by the cdc to determine the food vehicle. the fda reviewed production inf ...	2015	26389125
metal nanoparticle assisted polymerase chain reaction for strain typing of salmonella typhi.	salmonella enterica serotype typhi (s. typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever and remains a major health threat in most of the developing countries. the prompt diagnosis of typhoid directly from the patient's blood requires high level of sensitivity and specificity. some of us were the first to report pcr based diagnosis of typhoid. this approach has since then been reported by many scientists using different genomic targets. since the number of bacteria circulating in the blood of a pat ...	2015	26381602
phop, spi1, spi2 and aroa mutants of salmonella enteritidis induce a different immune response in chickens.	poultry is the most frequent reservoir of non-typhoid salmonella enterica for humans. understanding the interactions between chickens and s. enterica is therefore important for vaccine design and subsequent decrease in the incidence of human salmonellosis. in this study we therefore characterized the interactions between chickens and phop, aroa, spi1 and spi2 mutants of s. enteritidis. first we tested the response of hd11 chicken macrophage-like cell line to s. enteritidis infection monitoring t ...	2015	26380970
salmonella isolates in the introduced asian house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus) with emphasis on salmonella weltevreden, in two regions in costa rica.	the asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus has been widely introduced in costa rica and tends to establish in human settlements. some studies in other invaded countries have suggested that this gecko plays a significant role in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and it is of value to public health. to our knowledge, no studies have examined salmonella from this species in costa rica. therefore, we collected 115 geckos from houses in two costa rican regions. we examined gut contents for salmonell ...	2015	26378974
carbapenemase-producing salmonella enterica serotype kentucky st198, north africa.		2015	26377865
salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae meningitis in a neonate exposed to a corn snake.		2015	26367812
eric-pcr genotyping of field isolates of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum.	salmonella gallinarum (sg) and salmonella pullorum (sp) have been classified as biovars belonging to salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum. genetic diversity among isolates of the same biovar can be detected by dna fingerprinting techniques which are useful in epidemiological investigations. in this study, we applied the pcr amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (eric-pcr) to analyse 45 strains of sg and sp, most of which were isolated from d ...	2015	26365161
factors associated with non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia versus typhoidal salmonella bacteremia in patients presenting for care in an urban diarrheal disease hospital in bangladesh.	non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) and salmonella enterica serovar typhi bacteremia are the causes of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. there is a paucity of data regarding nts bacteremia in south asia, a region with a high incidence of typhoidal bacteremia. we sought to determine clinical predictors and outcomes associated with nts bacteremia compared with typhoidal bacteremia.	2015	26361076
microbiological characterization of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi, south africa, 2003-2014.		2015	26306409
antibiotic resistance determinants and genetic analysis of salmonella enterica isolated from food in morocco.	antimicrobial-resistant non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) are an important cause of infection in africa, but there is a lack of information on their molecular mechanisms of resistance and epidemiology. this study contributes to fill this gap through the characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), plasmid profiling and analysis of antibiotic-resistance determinants of 94 salmonella enterica strains isolated from food in morocco. pfge revealed consi ...	2015	26325598
typhoid fever complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and rhabdomyolysis.	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) and rhabdomyolysis are rare complications of typhoid fever from salmonella enterica serovar typhi. herein, we describe the clinical features in a 21-year-old female from india who presented to the intensive care unit with fever, severe pancytopenia, and rhabdomyolysis.	2015	26324725
prevalence and characterization of monophasic salmonella serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of food origin in china.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of salmonella typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. this bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in china. however, there are no reports on its contamination in chinese food. serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) assays were used to i ...	2015	26360603
correction for blondel et al., the type vi secretion system encoded in salmonella pathogenicity island 19 is required for salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum survival within infected macrophages.		2015	26359370
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, cause of a multischool outbreak in milan, italy, in 2014.	we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar napoli strain sn310, isolated from a stool sample of an affected pupil during a multischool outbreak in 2014 in milan, italy. this represents the first reported draft genome sequence of the emerging serovar napoli.	2015	26358605
correction: genomic comparison of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, enteritidis, heidelberg, hadar and kentucky isolates from broiler chickens.		2015	26352414
charge and aggregation pattern govern the interaction of plasticins with lps monolayers mimicking the external leaflet of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.	bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become today a major public health issue. in the development of new anti-infectious therapies, antimicrobial peptides appear as promising candidates. however, their mechanisms of action against bacterial membranes are still poorly understood. we describe for the first time the interaction and penetration of plasticins into lipid monolayers and bilayers modeling the two leaflets of the asymmetrical outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. the lipid composi ...	2015	26343162
contamination of knives and graters by bacterial foodborne pathogens during slicing and grating of produce.	poor hygiene and improper food preparation practices in consumers' homes have previously been demonstrated as contributing to foodborne diseases. to address potential cross-contamination by kitchen utensils in the home, a series of studies was conducted to determine the extent to which the use of a knife or grater on fresh produce would lead to the utensil's contamination with escherichia coli o157:h7 or salmonella enterica. when shredding inoculated carrots (ca. 5.3 log cfu/carrot), all graters ...	2015	26338127
characterization of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica strains isolated from brazilian poultry production.	antimicrobial resistance profiles and presence of resistance determinants and integrons were evaluated in salmonella enterica strains from brazilian poultry. the analysis of 203 isolates showed that those from the poultry environment (88 isolates) were significantly more resistant to antimicrobials than isolates from other sources, particularly those isolated from poultry by-product meal (106 isolates). thirty-seven isolates were resistant to at least three antimicrobial classes. class 1 integro ...	2015	26337044
uncovering what lies beneath a salmonella enterica empyema.	a 67-year-old woman with myelodysplastic syndrome (mds) and transfusional haemosiderosis developed salmonella empyema caused by direct extension from splenic abscesses. she was successfully treated with antibiotics, pleural decortication and splenectomy. she had presented with fever after being treated for presumed pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion 2 months prior. ct scan showed splenic abscesses eroding through the diaphragm causing a left pleural empyema. pleural fluid and spleen bacterial ...	2015	26336186
the two-component system cpxr/a represses the expression of salmonella virulence genes by affecting the stability of the transcriptional regulator hild.	salmonella enterica can cause intestinal or systemic infections in humans and animals mainly by the presence of pathogenicity islands spi-1 and spi-2, containing 39 and 44 genes, respectively. the arac-like regulator hild positively controls the expression of the spi-1 genes, as well as many other salmonella virulence genes including those located in spi-2. a previous report indicates that the two-component system cpxr/a regulates the spi-1 genes: the absence of the sensor kinase cpxa, but not t ...	2015	26300871
genomic evidence reveals numerous salmonella enterica serovar newport reintroduction events in suwannee watershed irrigation ponds.	our previous work indicated a predominance (56.8%) of salmonella enterica serovar newport among isolates recovered from irrigation ponds used in produce farms over a 2-year period (b. li et al., appl environ microbiol 80:6355-6365, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02063-14). this observation provided a valuable set of metrics to explore an underaddressed issue of environmental survival of salmonella by dna microarray. microarray analysis correctly identified all the isolates (n = 53) and differenti ...	2015	26386063
development and evaluation of live attenuated salmonella vaccines in newly hatched duckings.	domestic ducks remain a major source of zoonotic salmonella enterica infections for man worldwide and approaches to protection should include vaccine-mediated immunity. with this in mind we developed several genetically defined mutants in a virulent duck salmonella typhimurium isolate tt-1. from initial tests for virulence in day-old ducks, δrpos, δhila, and δslya mutants retained some virulence so were not studied further. amongst the mutants showing greater attenuation, δssrb, δphopq, δompr, a ...	2015	26382600
comparison of two culture techniques used to detect environmental contamination with salmonella enterica in a large-animal hospital.	salmonellosis is a common healthcare-associated infection in large-animal hospitals, and surveillance for salmonella is an integral part of comprehensive infection control programmes in populations at risk. the present study compares the effectiveness of two culture techniques for recovery of salmonella from environmental samples obtained in a large-animal referral veterinary hospital during a salmonella outbreak. environmental samples were collected using household cleaning cloths that were inc ...	2015	26304139
safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a vaccine candidate.	enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a has progressively increased in recent years and became a global health issue. currently licensed typhoid vaccines do not confer adequate cross-immunoprotection against s. paratyphi a infection. therefore, vaccines specifically against enteric fever caused by s. paratyphi a are urgently needed. in the present study, an attenuated vaccine strain was constructed from s. paratyphi a cmcc50093 by the deletions of aroc and yncd. the obtai ...	2015	26239100
distribution and molecular characterization of salmonella enterica hypermutators in retail food in china.	hypermutable pathogens can easily acquire mutation opportunities, as well as antimicrobial resistance, and are tremendous hazards to food safety and public health. in this study, a total of 96 (7.6%) hypermutators were identified from 1,264 salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that hypermutators were genetically diverse. amino acid substitution of val421phe was detected in muts in one hypermutator and val246ala in 56 other hypermuta ...	2015	26219361
salmonella disrupts host endocytic trafficking by sopd2-mediated inhibition of rab7.	intracellular bacterial pathogens of a diverse nature share the ability to evade host immunity by impairing trafficking of endocytic cargo to lysosomes for degradation, a process that is poorly understood. here, we show that the salmonella enterica type 3 secreted effector sopd2 mediates this process by binding the host regulatory gtpase rab7 and inhibiting its nucleotide exchange. consequently, this limits rab7 interaction with its dynein- and kinesin-binding effectors rilp and fyco1 and thereb ...	2015	26299973
genetic and resistance phenotypic subtyping of salmonella saintpaul isolates from various food sources and humans: phylogenetic concordance in combinatory analyses.	bacterial pathogen subtyping for public health traceback of foodborne outbreaks has increasingly produced a number of disparate molecular techniques of varying resolution. here, we bridge the molecular divide across three methodologies, transform data types for cross-comparison, and test phylogenetic concordance. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery was combined with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for identifying and differentiating 18 ...	2015	26299886
inhibition of bacterial pathogens in medium and on spinach leaf surfaces using plant-derived antimicrobials loaded in surfactant micelles.	encapsulation of hydrophobic plant essential oil components (eoc) into surfactant micelles can assist the decontamination of fresh produce surfaces from bacterial pathogens during postharvest washing. loading of eugenol and carvacrol into surfactant micelles of polysorbate 20 (tween 20), surfynol® 485w, sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), and cytoguard® la 20 (cg20) was determined by identification of the eoc/surfactant-specific maximum additive concentration (mac). rheological behavior of dilute eoc- ...	2015	26444985
the novel cis-encoded antisense rna asrc positively regulates the expression of rpoe-rseabc operon and thus enhances the motility of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	bacterial non-coding rnas are essential in many cellular processes, including response to environmental stress, and virulence. deep sequencing analysis of the salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) transcriptome revealed a novel antisense rna transcribed in cis on the strand complementary to rsec, an activator gene of sigma factor rpoe. in this study, expression of this antisense rna was confirmed in s. typhi by northern hybridization. rapid amplification of cdna ends and sequence analysis ...	2015	26441919
development and comparison of a generic multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica causes salmonellosis in humans and animals. serovar-specific multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) is widely used for salmonella surveillance; however, isolates have to be serotyped prior to mlva typing and only the most common serovars can be typed. we developed a mlva scheme for high-discriminatory typing of salmonella.	2015	26440858
[antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica isolated during the pre-harvest period in swine in colombia].	to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of salmonella enterica isolated from animals and during the pre-slaughter period.	2015	26437705
draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek isolated from bovine feces.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar mishmarhaemek is a gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium implicated in human clinical disease. here, we report a 4.8-mbp draft genome sequence of a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate of s. serovar mishmarhaemek.	2015	26472847
salmonella weltevreden food poisoning in a tea garden of assam: an outbreak investigation.	salmonella enterica serovar weltevreden has been a rare cause of acute gastroenteritis occurring worldwide. here, we report an outbreak of food poisoning in a tea garden.	2015	26470955
[a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella infantis].	we report herein on a case of osteomyelitis with a granulomatous lesion caused by salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis). a 30-year-old japanese man presenting with a 3-week history of left ankle pain was suspected to have either a tumor or osteomyelitis, on the basis of imaging study findings. he underwent a surgical resection of the lesion. histopathological examination revealed a granuloma. however, s. infantis was cultured from the biopsy sample. cefazolin ...	2015	26554224
complete genome sequences of two outbreak strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar thompson associated with cilantro.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar thompson strains rm1984 (cadph-99a2334) and rm1986 (cadph-99a2345) are associated with a 1999 outbreak in contaminated cilantro. we report here the complete genome sequences and annotation of these two s. thompson strains. these genomes are distinct and provide additional data for our understanding of s. enterica.	2015	26586897
salmonella grows vigorously on seafood and expresses its virulence and stress genes at different temperature exposure.	seafood is not considered the natural habitat of salmonella except the river fish, but still, the incidence of salmonella in seafood is in a steady rise. by extending our understanding of salmonella growth dynamics and pathogenomics in seafood, we may able to improve seafood safety and offer better strategies to protect the public health. the current study was thus aimed to assess the growth and multiplication of non-typhoidal and typhoidal salmonella serovars on seafood and further sought to ev ...	2015	26531707
2-aminoacrylate stress induces a context-dependent glycine requirement in rida strains of salmonella enterica.	the reactive enamine 2-aminoacrylate (2aa) is a metabolic stressor capable of damaging cellular components. members of the broadly conserved rid (rida/yer057c/uk114) protein family mitigate 2aa stress in vivo by facilitating enamine and/or imine hydrolysis. previous work showed that 2aa accumulation in rida strains of salmonella enterica led to the inactivation of multiple target enzymes, including serine hydroxymethyltransferase (glya). however, the specific cause of a rida strain's inability t ...	2015	26574511
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi isolate b/sf/13/03/195 associated with a typhoid carrier in pasir mas, kelantan, malaysia.	we report here the complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi b/sf/13/03/195 obtained from a typhoid carrier, who is a food handler in pasir mas, kelantan.	2015	26564035
genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi isolate pm016/13 from untreated well water associated with a typhoid outbreak in pasir mas, kelantan, malaysia.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi is a human-restricted pathogen that causes typhoid fever. even though it is a human-restricted pathogen, the bacterium is also isolated from environments such as groundwater and pond water. here, we describe the genome sequence of the salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhi pm016/13 which was isolated from well water during a typhoid outbreak in kelantan, malaysia, in 2013.	2015	26564032
crystal structure of an antigenic outer-membrane protein from salmonella typhi suggests a potential antigenic loop and an efflux mechanism.	st50, an outer-membrane component of the multi-drug efflux system from salmonella enterica serovar typhi, is an obligatory diagnostic antigen for typhoid fever. st50 is an excellent and unique diagnostic antigen with 95% specificity and 90% sensitivity and is used in the commercial diagnosis test kit (typhidot(tm)). the crystal structure of st50 at a resolution of 2.98 å reveals a trimer that forms an α-helical tunnel and a β-barrel transmembrane channel traversing the periplasmic space and oute ...	2015	26563565
salmonella enterica serovar napoli infection in italy from 2000 to 2013: spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of cases distribution and the effect of human and animal density on the risk of infection.	salmonella napoli is uncommon in europe. in italy however, it has been growing in importance since 2000. to date, no risk factors have been identified to account for its rise. this study aims at describing the epidemiology, spatial and spatio-temporal patterns of s. napoli in italy from 2000 to 2013, and to explore the role of several environmental correlates, namely urbanization, altitude and number of livestock farms, on the risk of s. napoli infection among humans.	2015	26558381
intestinal lactic acid bacteria from muscovy duck as potential probiotics that alter adhesion factor gene expression.	the purpose of this study was to assess the suitability of lactic acid bacteria (labs) isolated from muscovy duck as a potential probiotic. isolates were identified by targeted polymerase chain reaction and assessed in vitro for probiotic characteristics such as autoaggregation; surface-charge; hydrophobicity; tolerance to acidic ph, bile salts and protease; and expression of genes involved in caco-2 cell adhesion. the lab isolates exhibited strong resistance to high bile concentration and acidi ...	2015	26505375
biomarker identification from next-generation sequencing data for pathogen bacteria characterization and surveillance.	the purpose was to develop an analytical pipeline for specific gene analysis and biomarker discovery from next generation sequencing (ngs) data.	2015	26501894
epigenetic control of salmonella enterica o-antigen chain length: a tradeoff between virulence and bacteriophage resistance.	the salmonella enterica opvab operon is a horizontally-acquired locus that undergoes phase variation under dam methylation control. the opva and opvb proteins form intertwining ribbons in the inner membrane. synthesis of opva and opvb alters lipopolysaccharide o-antigen chain length and confers resistance to bacteriophages 9na (siphoviridae), det7 (myoviridae), and p22 (podoviridae). these phages use the o-antigen as receptor. because opvab undergoes phase variation, s. enterica cultures contain ...	2015	26583926
overview of molecular typing tools for the characterization of salmonella enterica in malaysia.		2015	26582097
breast abscess by salmonella paratyphi a: case report and literature review.	a case of suspicious breast mass due to salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a in a non-lactating, diabetic female is being described. the infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment. this case highlights the fact that a focal salmonella infection involving the breast should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for breast malignancy and submission of specimens for microbiological analysis may be helpful in establishment of an ac ...	2015	26500907
is200 and multilocus sequence typing for the identification of salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains from indonesia.	in this work, is200 and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) were used to analyze 19 strains previously serotyped as salmonella enterica serovar typhi and isolated in indonesia (16 strains), mexico (2 strains), and switzerland (1 strain). most of the strains showed the most common typhi sequence types, st1 and st2, and a new typhi genotype (st1856) was described. however, one isolate from mexico and another from indonesia were of the st365 and st426 sequence types, indicating that they belonged to ...	2015	26496617
first draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum strain vtccbaa614, isolated from chicken in india.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum causes fowl typhoid (ft), which results in huge economic losses to poultry farmers in india. we report the draft genome sequence of salmonella biovar gallinarum strain vtccbaa614, isolated from a chicken in an ft affected broiler flock.	2015	26494667
subtyping of salmonella food isolates suggests the geographic clustering of serotype telaviv.	salmonella is commonly found in a variety of food products and is a major cause of bacterial foodborne illness throughout the world. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of salmonella in eight different food types: sheep ground meat, cow ground meat, chicken meat, cow offal, traditional sanliurfa cheese, unripened feta cheese, pistachios, and isot (a spice blend of dried red peppers specific to sanliurfa), traditionally and commonly consumed in turkey. among 192 food sampl ...	2015	26489049
antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of salmonella stanley isolated from humans, foods, and environment.	salmonella enterica serovar stanley is an important serovar that has been increasingly identified in human salmonellosis. the present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of 88 salmonella stanley strains isolated from humans (diarrhea patients, n = 64; and healthy carrier, n = 1), foods (aquatic products, n = 16; vegetable, n = 1; and pork, n = 1), and environment (waste water, n = 2; and river water, n = 3) in shanghai, china from 2006 to 2012. nearly hal ...	2015	26488910
sampling and homogenization strategies significantly influence the detection of foodborne pathogens in meat.	efficient preparation of food samples, comprising sampling and homogenization, for microbiological testing is an essential, yet largely neglected, component of foodstuff control. salmonella enterica spiked chicken breasts were used as a surface contamination model whereas salami and meat paste acted as models of inner-matrix contamination. a systematic comparison of different homogenization approaches, namely, stomaching, sonication, and milling by fastprep-24 or speedmill, revealed that for sur ...	2015	26539462
salmonella newport causing osteomyelitis in a patient with diabetes.	salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that commonly causes intestinal symptoms. bacteraemia and extraintestinal infections have been documented within the literature, and are more frequently associated with immunodeficiency and general debilitation. we discuss the case of a previously well 36-year-old man who presented with a septic knee and new-onset diabetes. imaging confirmed osteomyelitis and a brodie's abscess, with blood and tissue cultures revealing the isolate salmonella enterica newport. h ...	2015	26604232
salmonella typhimurium and salmonella sofia: growth in and persistence on eggs under production and retail conditions.	salmonellosis in australia has been linked to eggs and egg products with specific serotypes associated with outbreaks. we compared attachment to and survival on egg shells and growth in eggs of two salmonella serotypes, an egg outbreak associated salmonella typhimurium and a non-egg-associated salmonella enterica ssp. ii 1,4,12,27:b:[e,n,x] (s. sofia). experiments were conducted at combinations of 4, 15, 22, 37 and 42 °c. no significant differences occurred between the serotypes in maximum growt ...	2015	26539536
salmonella prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility from the national animal health monitoring system sheep 2011 study.	salmonella is a major cause of foodborne illness and can cause clinical disease in animals. understanding the on-farm ecology of salmonella will be helpful in decreasing the risk of foodborne transmission. an objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of salmonella among fecal samples collected on sheep operations in the united states. another objective was to compare the use of composite fecal samples with fecal samples collected from individual sheep as a tool for screening sheep ...	2015	26540254