Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| epidemiology and risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring pediatric intensive care admission in hong kong children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. however, there are limited data on severe rsv infection requiring pediatric intensive care unit (picu) admission. this retrospective study described features of rsv-associated picu admissions in hong kong and investigated factors for mortality and duration of picu stay. | 2014 | 24277597 |
| detection of respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein variants between 2009 and 2012 in china. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory tract infection, particularly acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti), in early childhood. the rsv fusion protein (f protein) is an important surface protein, and it is the target of both cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and neutralizing antibodies; thus, it may be useful as a candidate for vaccine research. this study investigated the genetic diversity of the rsv f protein. to this end, a total of 1800 nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospi ... | 2014 | 24297488 |
| medically attended respiratory syncytial virus infections in adults aged ≥ 50 years: clinical characteristics and outcomes. | few studies have examined respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in adults. we assessed the characteristics and outcomes of rsv relative to other viral infections. | 2014 | 24265361 |
| a recombinant anchorless respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) protein/monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) vaccine protects against rsv-induced replication and lung pathology. | we previously demonstrated that the severe cytokine storm and pathology associated with rsv infection following intramuscular vaccination of cotton rats with fi-rsv lot 100 could be completely abolished by formulating the vaccine with the mild tlr4 agonist and adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl). despite this significant improvement, the vaccine failed to blunt viral replication in the lungs. since mpl is a weak tlr4 agonist, we hypothesized that its adjuvant activity was mediated by modulati ... | 2014 | 24252693 |
| atomic force microscopic investigation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hep-2 cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) primarily causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. in spite of intense research, no safe and effective vaccine has been developed yet. for understanding its pathogenesis and development of anti-rsv drugs/therapeutics, it is indispensable to study the rsv-host interaction. although, there are limited studies using electron microscopy to elucidate the infection process of rsv, to our knowledge, no study has reported the morphological impact of rsv infection ... | 2014 | 24251370 |
| development of a high-throughput replicon assay for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) drug discovery has been hindered by the lack of good chemistry starting points and would benefit from robust and convenient assays for high-throughput screening (hts). in this paper, we present the development and optimization of a 384-well rsv replicon assay that enabled hts for rsv replication inhibitors with a low bio-containment requirement. the established replicon assay was successfully implemented for high-throughput screening. a validation screen was per ... | 2014 | 24246168 |
| respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in urban ghana: february to november 2006. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in young children. rsv strains have been divided into 2 major antigenic groups (a and b), which are further divided into several genotypes, but very little is known about its circulating genotypes in ghana. this study characterized rsv genotypes detected in children with alri in accra between february and november 2006. | 2014 | 25745535 |
| evaluation of igg antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and associated risk factors for severe respiratory tract infections in pre-school children in north-central, nigeria. | childhood mortality and morbidity due to rsv is increasing. our current study was aimed at determining the sero-prevalence rate of rsv igg antibodies and investigates certain known risk factors for rsv disease severity in infants and pre-school children presenting with various forms of respiratory tract infections in ilorin, nigeria. | 2014 | 25729535 |
| determining the breadth of the respiratory syncytial virus-specific t cell response. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under the age of 5. studies examining rsv infection in susceptible balb/c mice indicate that both cd4 and cd8 t cells not only contribute to viral clearance but also facilitate rsv-induced disease. however, efforts to understand the mechanisms by which rsv-specific t cells mediate disease following acute rsv infection have been hampered by the lack of defined rsv-specifi ... | 2014 | 24371055 |
| relationship between common viral upper respiratory tract infections and febrile seizures in children from suzhou, china. | this study aimed to determine the potential predisposing factors for the development of febrile seizures among children with upper respiratory tract infection in the eastern chinese region. participants were individuals aged 6 months and 6 years (n = 189) who were diagnosed with febrile seizure, complicated with upper respiratory tract infection, and 174 age-matched children who had upper respiratory tract infection without seizures as controls. the viral antigens including influenza a and b, pa ... | 2014 | 24453149 |
| vitamin d-binding protein haplotype is associated with hospitalization for rsv bronchiolitis. | between 75 000 and 125 000 u.s. infants are hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis every year. up to half will be diagnosed with asthma in later childhood. vitamin d deficiency has been associated with susceptibility to asthma and respiratory infections. measured vitamin d is largely bound to vitamin d-binding protein (vdbp); vdbp levels are influenced by its gene (gc) haplotype. | 2014 | 24447085 |
| the effect of birth month on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first year of life in the united states. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory illness in infants. to help direct targeted interventions and future rsv vaccine programs, we examined risk of rsv-related hospitalization by infant age and birth month. | 2014 | 24445838 |
| respiratory syncytial virus surveillance in the united states, 2007-2012: results from a national surveillance system. | annual respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) outbreaks throughout the us exhibit variable patterns in onset, peak month of activity and duration of season. rsvalert, a us surveillance system, collects and characterizes rsv test data at national, regional, state and local levels. | 2014 | 24445835 |
| influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in clinical specimens without nucleic acid extraction using focus direct disc assay is substantially equivalent to the traditional methods and the focus nucleic acid extraction-dependent rt-pcr assay. | in this study, we evaluated focus diagnostic's flu a/b & rsv direct kit (direct disc assay), designed to detect influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv) directly in clinical specimens without nucleic acid extraction. this novel 'sample-to-answer', nucleic acid extraction-independent assay uses a unique disc to process, amplify, and detect viral targets in up to 8 specimens at a time. the performance of this assay for detecting flu and rsv viruses was compared to the traditional me ... | 2014 | 24360265 |
| motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness. | this study was conducted to determine whether treatment with motavizumab, an anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibody, would decrease viral load and improve clinical outcomes in previously healthy term infants hospitalized with rsv lower respiratory tract infection. | 2014 | 24356256 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection, tlr3 ligands, and proinflammatory cytokines induce cd161 ligand llt1 expression on the respiratory epithelium. | during respiratory-virus infection, excessive lymphocyte activation can cause pathology both in acute infection and in exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. the costimulatory molecule cd161 is expressed on lymphocyte subsets implicated in promoting respiratory inflammation, including th2, th17, mucosally associated invariant t (mait) cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. we asked whether the cd161 ligand llt1 could be expressed on respiratory epithelial cells following respiratory-vi ... | 2014 | 24352438 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in critically ill adult patients with community-acquired respiratory failure: a prospective observational study. | the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection was determined during three rsv seasons in 158 adult patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit with community-acquired respiratory failure. nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for the presence of rsv and influenza virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction. six patients (4%) were positive for rsv and all recovered. this finding was in sharp contrast to influenza (23 (15%) patients, 4 (17%) deaths). i ... | 2014 | 24350766 |
| fio2 predicts outcome in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in infants. ards is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by severe hypoxemia, defined as pao(2)/fio(2) ratio <300 mmhg. this ratio is used in many trials as the sole oxygenation criterion for ards. recently, however, it has been shown in adults with ards that fio(2), independently of the pao(2)/fio(2) ratio predicts mortality. because epidemiology and outcome of ards differ strong ... | 2014 | 24347224 |
| lack of long-term effects of high-dose inhaled beclomethasone for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. | previously, we showed that high-dose early initiated inhaled corticosteroids during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis partially and transiently prevents subsequent recurrent wheeze. here, we study treatment effect on lung function at age 6. | 2014 | 24346594 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-related encephalitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion-weighted study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen causing acute respiratory infection in children. herein, we describe the incidence and clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) findings of rsv-related encephalitis, a major neurological complication of rsv infection. | 2014 | 24337535 |
| predicting the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants: should we use a clinical score or a biomarker? | krebs von den lungen 6 antigen (kl-6) has been shown to be a useful biomarker of the severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. to assess the correlation between the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis, serum kl-6, and the causative viruses, 222 infants with acute bronchiolitis presenting at the pediatric emergency department of estaing university hospital, clermont-ferrand, france, were prospectively enrolled from october 2011 to may 2012. disease severity was assessed with a s ... | 2014 | 24374757 |
| north-south divide: distribution and outcome of respiratory viral infections in paediatric intensive care units in cape town (south africa) and nottingham (united kingdom). | this study aims to describe and compare the spectrum, course, seasonality and outcome of children with virus-associated respiratory symptoms (vars) admitted to two paediatric intensive care units (picus) in the united kingdom (uk) and south africa (sa). | 2014 | 24372932 |
| bronchoscopic interventions with surfactant and recombinant human deoxyribonuclease for acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia in moderately preterm infants: case series. | atelectases, over-inflation of ventilated regions of the lung, and consecutive pneumothoraces are life-threatening conditions in mechanically ventilated infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome-type respiratory syncytial virus-pneumonia. the accumulation of viscous secretions secondary to impaired mucociliary clearance in the more proximal parts of the bronchial tree is the prerequisite for atelectases and also prevents the delivery of inhaled medications to the more distal parts of the ... | 2014 | 27489660 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in children with cancer. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in children, especially those with cancer. data on rsv infections in this vulnerable population is limited. we conducted a retrospective study of all rsv infections in children with cancer from 1998 to 2009 to determine characteristics and outcomes of these infections, identify risk factors for lrti and mortality, and the effect of antiviral therapy on these outcomes. we identified 59 patients with a ... | 2014 | 24327130 |
| intranasal immunization with w 80 5ec adjuvanted recombinant rsv rf-ptn enhances clearance of respiratory syncytial virus in a mouse model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a ubiquitous virus that infects almost all people by age two and is a major source of respiratory illness in infants, the elderly and others with compromised immune systems. currently there is no available vaccine. prior efforts using formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) were associated with enhanced respiratory disease upon viral exposure following clinical vaccine trials. several researchers and pharmaceutical companies have utilized vector-associated live att ... | 2014 | 24326268 |
| impact of a bronchiolitis guideline on ed resource use and cost: a segmented time-series analysis. | bronchiolitis is a major cause of infant morbidity and contributes to millions of dollars in health care costs. care guidelines may cut costs by reducing unnecessary resource utilization. through the implementation of a guideline, we sought to reduce unnecessary resource utilization and improve the value of care provided to infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric emergency department (ed). | 2014 | 24324000 |
| rationale for full-season dosing for passive antibody prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus. | palivizumab monthly injections throughout the rsv season prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in preterm infants ≤ 35 wga. however, some rsv guidelines currently recommend stopping palivizumab after 3 months of age in the midst of the rsv season. this article evaluates the need for full-season dosing by reviewing the pharmacokinetic properties of palivizumab and rsv hospitalization (rsvh) risk as a function of chronologic age. precise human palivizumab protective levels are n ... | 2014 | 24316863 |
| nkg2c gene deletion in the mexican population and lack of association to respiratory viral infections. | expansion of a natural killer (nk) cell population that expresses nkg2c has been associated with cytomegalovirus and other viral infections. it has been suggested that this cell population may play a role in infection control. deletion of the nkg2c gene (homozygous or heterozygous) has been reported with high prevalence in european and asian populations. however, the effect of nkg2c genotype on nk cell responses to infection remains poorly defined. we determined the prevalence of the nkg2c delet ... | 2014 | 24305414 |
| clonotype-specific avidity influences the dynamics and hierarchy of virus-specific regulatory and effector cd4(+) t-cell responses. | a key component of immunity against viruses, cd4(+) t cells expand and differentiate into functional subsets upon primary infection, where effector (teff) cells facilitate infection control and regulatory (treg) cells mitigate immunopathology. after secondary infection, teff cells mount a robust response from the memory pool. here, we show that treg-cell responses are diminished upon secondary infection, and treg-cell response dynamics are associated more with t-cell receptors (tcrs) repertoire ... | 2014 | 24510524 |
| children with celiac disease are more likely to have attended hospital for prior respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between celiac disease (cd) and prior respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection or any viral bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24510390 |
| respiratory syncytial virus persistence in macrophages upregulates fcgamma receptors expression. | viruses can persist in differentiated cells (i.e., macrophages) over long periods of time, altering host cells functions but not inducing their death. we had previously reported that, in early passages (14-40) of a murine macrophage-like cell line persistently infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (mfp), fcgr-mediated phagocytosis and expression of fcgriib/riii on the cell membrane were increased with respect to mock-infected macrophages (mfn). in this work, we explored the mechanism u ... | 2014 | 24509813 |
| increased risk of wheeze and decreased lung function after respiratory syncytial virus infection. | a relationship between hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis and asthma development has been suggested in case-control studies. | 2014 | 24498037 |
| genetic predisposition of rsv infection-related respiratory morbidity in preterm infants. | the aim of this study was to assess whether prematurely born infants have a genetic predisposition to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection-related respiratory morbidity. one hundred and forty-six infants born at less than 36 weeks of gestation were prospectively followed. nasopharygeal aspirates were obtained on every occasion the infants had a lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) regardless of need for admission. dna was tested for 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). chronic r ... | 2014 | 24487983 |
| should infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event undergo evaluation for serious bacterial infections and respiratory pathogens? | we sought to identify which patients with an apparent life-threatening event require infectious evaluation through an analysis of infants aged ≤12 months brought to an emergency department with an apparent life-threatening event. among the 533 children evaluated, there were no cases of meningitis, 1 case of bacteremia, 17 cases of urinary tract infection, 22 cases of bacterial pneumonia, 22 cases of respiratory syncytial virus, and 2 cases of influenza virus identified in respiratory specimens. | 2014 | 24484770 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal influenza cause similar illnesses in children with sickle cell disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a cause of acute chest syndrome (acs) in sickle cell disease (scd), but its clinical course and acute complications have not been well characterized. we compared rsv to seasonal influenza infections in children with scd. | 2014 | 24481883 |
| respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein degrades stat2 by inducing socs1 expression. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural protein ns1 (ns1) has been shown to block interferon (ifn)-inducible antiviral signaling. the suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) gene family could utilize a feedback loop to block the activation of the jak/stat signaling pathway, further inhibiting the activation of host type i ifn. we evaluated the role of the socs1 and socs3 genes in this antiviral mechanism. | 2014 | 24480984 |
| epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in cyprus during three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013): age distribution, seasonality and association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. | this study reports the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in hospitalized children in cyprus over three successive seasons (2010-2013) and the association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. rsv infections had a circulation pattern from december to march. most rsv-positive children (83%) were aged <2 years. genotyping of rsv isolates showed that during the first winter season of the study (2010-2011), the only rsv genotype circulating was ga2 (rsv-a), followed by gen ... | 2014 | 24476750 |
| preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals. | in most high-income countries palivizumab prophylaxis is considered safe, efficacious and cost-effective for preventing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospital admissions among specific subgroups of infants born preterm, with chronic lung disease or with congenital heart disease. virtually all babies acquire rsv during infancy and previously healthy babies are not eligible to receive palivizumab. emerging evidence suggests some benefit of palivizumab use in reducing recurrent wheeze among inf ... | 2014 | 24464977 |
| maternal antibodies by passive immunization with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus confer protection without vaccine-enhanced disease. | maternal immunization of mice with formalin inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (fi-rsv) resulted in the passive transfer of rsv antibodies but not cellular components to the offspring. the offspring born to fi-rsv immunized mothers showed serum rsv neutralizing activity, effectively controlled lung viral loads without vaccine-enhanced disease, did not induce pulmonary eosinophilia, and cytokine producing cells after live rsv infection. therefore, this study provides evidence that maternal i ... | 2014 | 24462695 |
| nebulized hypertonic saline treatment reduces both rate and duration of hospitalization for acute bronchiolitis in infants: an updated meta-analysis. | nebulized hypertonic saline (hs) treatment reduced the length of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in a previous meta-analysis. however, there was no reduction in the admission rate. we hypothesized that nebulized hs treatment might significantly decrease both the duration and the rate of hospitalization if more randomized controlled trials (rcts) were included. we searched medline, pubmed, cinahl, and the cochrane central register of controlled trials (central) without a langu ... | 2014 | 24461195 |
| correlations between climate factors and incidence--a contributor to rsv seasonality. | respiratory syncytial virus is the most common respiratory virus infection in early childhood, causing a wide range of illness from mild colds to life-threatening croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia that may require intensive care. exactly which parameters contribute to the seasonality of rsv (and other respiratory viruses, such as influenza) and their comparative significance are the subject of ongoing intensive debate. this review article summarises the specific contributions and correlations b ... | 2014 | 24421259 |
| human rhinovirus and disease severity in children. | to evaluate retrospectively human rhinovirus (hrv) infections in children up to 5 years old and factors involved in disease severity. | 2014 | 24420808 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nonstructural proteins mediate rsv suppression of glucocorticoid receptor transactivation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced bronchiolitis in infants is not responsive to glucocorticoids. we have shown that rsv infection impairs glucocorticoid receptor (gr) function. in this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which rsv impairs gr function. we have shown that rsv repression of gr-induced transactivation is not mediated through a soluble autocrine factor. knock-down of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (mavs), but not retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (rig-i) or m ... | 2014 | 24418538 |
| il-17e (il-25) and il-17rb promote respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary disease. | one of the most severe pathologic responses of rsv infection is associated with overproduction of cytokines and inflammation, leading to mucus hypersecretion. this study investigated the role of il-25 in the development of rsv-associated immunopathology. il-25 and its receptor il-17rb were increased following rsv infection, and il-25 blockade using neutralizing antibodies reduced rsv-associated pathology, ahr, and type 2 cytokine production. likewise, il-17rb(-/-) mice demonstrated a modified in ... | 2014 | 24407884 |
| current concepts and progress in rsv vaccine development. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children and debilitated adults and remains one of the major global unmet challenges for vaccine development. several immunological issues have delayed the development of vaccines, especially the poorly protective response to natural infection and the enhancement of disease following administration of formalin inactivated vaccines during trials conducted in the 1960s. advances in knowledge of the immune ... | 2014 | 24405366 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants less than 32 weeks gestational age in turkey: author's reply. | 2014 | 24401320 | |
| estimating influenza outpatients' and inpatients' incidences from 2009 to 2011 in a tropical urban setting in the philippines. | although the public health significance of influenza in regions with a temperate climate has been widely recognized, information on influenza burden in tropical countries, including the philippines, remains limited. we aimed to estimate influenza incidence rates for both outpatients and inpatients then characterized their demographic features. | 2014 | 24393336 |
| attenuation of respiratory syncytial virus-induced and rig-i-dependent type i ifn responses in human neonates and very young children. | newborn infants, including those born at term without congenital disorders, are at high risk of severe disease from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. indeed, our current local surveillance data demonstrate that approximately half of children hospitalized with rsv were ≤3 mo old, and 74% were born at term. informed by this clinical epidemiology, we investigated antiviral innate immune responses in early life, with the goal of identifying immunological factors underlying the susceptibil ... | 2014 | 24391215 |
| prevalence of human rhinovirus in children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract infections in changsha, china. | human rhinovirus (hrv) is a causative agent of acute respiratory tract infections. this study analyzed the prevalence and clinical characteristics of three hrv groups (hrv-a, -b, and -c) among 1,165 children aged 14 years or younger who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection in china. pcr or reverse transcription-pcr was performed to detect 14 respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from september 2007 to august 2008 in changsha, china. hrv was detected ... | 2014 | 24390928 |
| asthma and viruses: is there a relationship? | asthma is a multifactorial disease in which many factors play a role in its development and exacerbations. viral infections are known to be the main cause of asthmatic exacerbations and are often the first manifestation of asthma in preschool age. however, there is much evidence suggesting a role of viral infections even in asthma development. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). has been first associated with an increased risk to develop asthma, but recently new viruses have been proposed to be i ... | 2014 | 24389140 |
| interferon lambda 1-3 expression in infants hospitalized for rsv or hrv associated bronchiolitis. | the airway expression of type iii interferons (ifns) was evaluated in infants hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or rhinovirus (hrv) bronchiolitis. as an additional objective we sought to determine whether a different expression of ifn lambda 1-3 was associated with different harboring viruses, the clinical course of bronchiolitis or with the levels of well established ifn stimulated genes (isgs), such as mixovirus resistance a (mxa) and isg56. | 2014 | 24389019 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in premature infants less than 32 weeks gestational age in turkey. | 2014 | 24382545 | |
| a life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infection: a previously healthy infant with bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax and acute respiratory distress syndrome. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of viral respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. although the course of rsv infection is usually benign, a small proportion of infants require mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. we describe an eight-month-old previously healthy female who developed bilateral pneumothorax and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) secondary to rsv infection. because of the severe hypoxemia, three doses of surfactant were a ... | 2014 | 24382538 |
| epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children under 5 years of age in spain: five multicenter study. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in infants, but there are limited data concerning patients with underlying conditions and children older than 2 years of age. | 2014 | 24382343 |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: factors determining progression to lower respiratory tract disease. | 2014 | 24368838 | |
| respiratory syncytial virus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: factors determining progression to lower respiratory tract disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract disease (lrd) is a life-threatening complication in hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients. lymphopenia has been associated with an increased risk of progression from upper respiratory tract infection (uri) to lrd. | 2014 | 24368837 |
| the source of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: a household cohort study in rural kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine development for direct protection of young infants faces substantial obstacles. assessing the potential of indirect protection using different strategies, such as targeting older children or mothers, requires knowledge of the source of infection to the infants. | 2014 | 24367040 |
| stat5-induced lunatic fringe during th2 development alters delta-like 4-mediated th2 cytokine production in respiratory syncytial virus-exacerbated airway allergic disease. | notch activation plays an important role in t cell development and mature t cell differentiation. in this study, we investigated the role of notch activation in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-exacerbated allergic airway disease. during rsv exacerbation, in vivo neutralization of a specific notch ligand, delta-like ligand (dll)-4, significantly decreased airway hyperreactivity, mucus production, and th2 cytokines. lunatic fringe (lfng), a glycosyltransferase that enhances notc ... | 2014 | 24367028 |
| ciliary dyskinesia is an early feature of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of respiratory disease. there are conflicting accounts of the response of human epithelial cells to respiratory syncytial virus and a lack of data on its effect on ciliary function. our aim was to study the early stages of respiratory syncytial virus infection of primary human basal and ciliated cultures. using high speed videomicroscopy, we found that ciliary beat frequency was unaffected by respiratory syncytial virus infection over 72 h; however, c ... | 2014 | 23520320 |
| palivizumab prophylaxis during nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus in a neonatal intensive care unit: predicting effectiveness with an artificial neural network model. | to identify subgroups of premature infants who may benefit from palivizumab prophylaxis during nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | 2014 | 23897635 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus illness in down syndrome following prophylaxis with palivizumab. | down syndrome (ds) is a risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization, but little is known about prophylaxis in these children. | 2014 | 23989104 |
| is the interpretation of rapid antigen testing for respiratory syncytial virus as simple as positive or negative? | to measure the performance characteristics of an immunochromatographic rapid antigen test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and determine how its interpretation should be contextualised in patients presenting to the emergency department (ed) with bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 23964062 |
| increased cytokine/chemokines in serum from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients with viral respiratory infection. | respiratory viral infections can induce different cytokine/chemokine profiles in lung tissues and have a significant influence on patients with asthma. there is little information about the systemic cytokine status in viral respiratory-infected asthmatic patients compared with non-asthmatic patients. | 2014 | 23962134 |
| anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids: changing concepts. | despite being the most effective anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms by which glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) effect repression of inflammatory gene expression remain incompletely understood. direct interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor (nr3c1) with inflammatory transcription factors to repress transcriptional activity, i.e. transrepression, represents one mechanism of action. however, transcriptional activation, or transactivation, by nr3c1 also ... | 2014 | 23747654 |
| antiviral c-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids from the south china sea gorgonian echinogorgia rebekka. | four new steroids with an acetoxy linked at the end of the side chain, echrebsteroids a-d (1-4) were obtained from the south china sea gorgonian echinogorgia rebekka. the absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using the modified mosher's method on the hydrolysis products. the isolation of the pair of epimers (2 and 3) represents the first reported separation of c-25 epimers of 26-acetoxy steroids. the (25r)-epimer (3) exhibited promising antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial v ... | 2014 | 24882250 |
| infants under 6 months with bronchiolitis are most likely to need major medical interventions in the 5 days after onset. | this study examined the need for, and timing of, major medical interventions (mmis) in infants under 6 months of age with bronchiolitis. | 2014 | 24862359 |
| antifeedant and antiviral diterpenoids from the fresh roots of euphorbia jolkinii. | the perennial herbaceous plant euphorbia jolkinii (euphorbiaceae) is a noxious weed widely distributed in the grasslands of northwestern yunnan and has greatly threatened the local biodiversity. phytochemical investigation on the fresh roots of e. jolkinii afforded six new diterpenoids 1, 2, 4-6, and 8, together with fifteen known diterpenoids. their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr and other spectroscopic methods. casbane, lathyrane, abietane, and ent-kaurane diterpenoid ... | 2014 | 24859600 |
| virologic testing in bronchiolitis: does it change management decisions and predict outcomes? | the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, therapeutic, laboratory, and radiological differences between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and non-rsv bronchiolitis in order to assess if the prior knowledge of viral etiology changed management decisions and would be able to predict outcomes. medical charts of children <1 year admitted to the emergency department with bronchiolitis during two rsv seasons (2010-2012) were reviewed. we analyzed 221 episodes of bronchiolitis. the percentage ... | 2014 | 24858463 |
| rapid spread and diversification of respiratory syncytial virus genotype on1, kenya. | respiratory syncytial virus genotype on1, which is characterized by a 72-nt duplication in the attachment protein gene, has been detected in >10 countries since first identified in ontario, canada, in 2010. we describe 2 waves of genotype on1 infections among children admitted to a rural hospital in kenya during 2012. phylogenetic analysis of attachment protein gene sequences showed multiple introductions of genotype on1; variants distinct from the original canadian viruses predominated in both ... | 2014 | 24856417 |
| palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with cystic fibrosis. | respiratory syncytial virus infection causes acute lung infection in infants and young children worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. children with cystic fibrosis are prone to recurrent lung inflammation, bacterial colonisation and subsequent chronic airway disease, putting them at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring intensive care and respiratory support. no treatment currently exists, hence prevention is important. palivizumab is effective ... | 2014 | 24851825 |
| comparison of simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr in predominantly adult hospitalized patients. | to compare simplexa flu a/b & rsv pcr with cytospin-immunofluorescence and laboratory-developed taqman pcr methods, 445 nasopharyngeal samples were tested. of these, 199 were positive (46 for respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], 120 for influenza a, and 33 for influenza b) and 246 were negative. the direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa) detected 132 (66.3%) positive samples, simplexa direct detected 162 (81.4%), simplexa using extracts detected 177 (88.9%), and lab-developed taqman pcr reference ... | 2014 | 24850350 |
| the cd4 t cell response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can induce severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in children worldwide. rsv-induced inflammation is believed to contribute substantially to the severity of disease. t helper (th)2-, th9-, and th17-related cytokines are all observed in infants hospitalized following a severe rsv infection. these cytokines cause an influx of inflammatory cells, resulting in mucus production and reduced lung function. consist ... | 2014 | 24838148 |
| palivizumab use in japanese infants and children with immunocompromised conditions. | a total of 27/28 (96%) immunocompromised japanese children received ≥ 4 doses of palivizumab. no respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations occurred. mean palivizumab trough concentrations were 59.0 and 91.8 μg/ml 30 days after the 1st and 4th doses, respectively. of 28 subjects, 27 (96%) experienced ≥ 1 adverse event and 7 (25%) experienced ≥ 1 serious adverse event, none of which was considered related to palivizumab. | 2014 | 24830698 |
| a 3-year prospective study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in shenzhen, china. | the epidemiology of local viral etiologies is essential for the management of viral respiratory tract infections. limited data are available in china to describe the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections, especially in small-medium cities and rural areas. | 2014 | 24828783 |
| implementing video cases in clinical paediatric teaching increases medical students' self-assessed confidence. | use of video cases in clinical education is rarely used systematically. | 2014 | 24814587 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: current and emerging treatment options. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants and children worldwide. although rsv typically causes mild upper respiratory infections, it frequently causes severe morbidity and mortality, especially in premature infants and children with other chronic diseases. treatment of rsv is limited by a lack of effective antiviral treatments; however, ribavirin has been used in complicated cases, along with the addition of intravenous immune globulin in specific patient ... | 2014 | 24812523 |
| alternative mechanisms for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and persistence: could rsv be transmitted through the placenta and persist into developing fetal lungs? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) represents the most common respiratory pathogen observed worldwide in infants and young children and may play a role in the inception of recurrent wheezing and asthma in childhood. we discuss herein the recent hypothesis that rsv vertically transmitted from the mother to the fetus in utero causes persistent structural and functional changes in the developing lungs of the offspring, thereby predisposing to postnatal airway obstruction. | 2014 | 24810284 |
| development of an efficient qrt-pcr assay for quality control and cellular quantification of respiratory samples. | sample quality is a fundamental parameter for the successful diagnosis of respiratory viruses. this parameter depends upon the concentration of epithelial cells. respiratory samples are usually heterogeneous, which makes relative quantification of the viral load, against the quantity of cells, the most suitable measurement. the quantification of viral load in the field of respiratory viruses is a vital piece of information. quantification is required from rna or dna viral genomes extracted. | 2014 | 24809729 |
| clinical severity of rhinovirus/enterovirus compared to other respiratory viruses in children. | human rhinovirus/enterovirus (hrv/ent) infections are commonly identified in children with acute respiratory infections (aris), but data on their clinical severity remain limited. | 2014 | 24801963 |
| respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in down syndrome: a prospective cohort study. | children with down syndrome (ds) are at significant risk for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and related hospitalization. we compared hospitalization rates due to respiratory tract infection in children with ds aged <2 years who prospectively received palivizumab during the rsv season with a previously published, similar untreated ds birth cohort. | 2014 | 24799541 |
| frequency of apnea and respiratory viruses in infants with bronchiolitis. | the frequency of apnea in infants <12 months of age admitted with acute bronchiolitis was 5.16% (95% confidence interval: 3.94-6.72). most commonly detected viruses in the 51 apneic infants were respiratory syncytial virus (33.3%), rhinovirus (13.7%) and viral coinfections (23.5%). young age and prematurity were the main risk factors for apnea independent of the respiratory syncytial virus status. non-respiratory syncytial virus infants had a higher rate of prematurity. | 2014 | 24797994 |
| inhibition of stat6 during vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv prevents induction of th2-cell-biased airway disease. | the pattern of immune response to a vaccine antigen can influence both efficacy and adverse events. th2-cell-deviated responses have been implicated in both human and murine susceptibility to enhanced disease following formalin-inactivated (fi) vaccines for measles and rsv. in this study, we used the th2-cell-deviated murine model of fi-rsv vaccination to test the ability of a dominant negative, cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of stat6 (stat6 inhibitory peptide (ip)) to modulate the vaccine-i ... | 2014 | 24796717 |
| palivizumab and respiratory syncytial virus disease: selling sickness for future? | over the past two decades russia has gone through dramatic "democratic" changes resulting in unprecedented deterioration of health, loss of lives and extinction of population. the health system turned into a ridiculous monster of poorly organized business exploiting reminiscent social values of the past to build profits on selling sickness-for-all in consumer culture. we present facts and conclude that introduction of palivizumab into clinical practice for the most vulnerable patient category wa ... | 2014 | 24796349 |
| mucosal vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants, young children, immune-compromised and elderly populations worldwide. natural rsv infection in young children does not elicit long-lasting immunity and individuals remain susceptible to repeated rsv infections throughout life. because rsv infection is restricted to the respiratory tract, an rsv vaccine should elicit mucosal immunity at upper and lower respiratory tracts in order to most effectively pre ... | 2014 | 24794644 |
| exposure to infections and risk of leukemia in young children. | epidemiologic studies indicate that infections in early childhood may protect against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). | 2014 | 24793957 |
| micrornas and the immune response to respiratory virus infections. | micrornas (mirnas) are small ssrna molecules, which are involved in gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level. their biological functions include modulation of both innate and adaptive immune response. mirnas participate in the maintenance of the airway epithelial barrier and are also implicated in the modulation of antiviral defense in epithelial cells. the immune response to respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus, influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus is associated ... | 2014 | 24784476 |
| a new transcriptional role for matrix metalloproteinase-12 in antiviral immunity. | interferon-α (ifn-α) is essential for antiviral immunity, but in the absence of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (mmp-12) or iκbα (encoded by nfkbia) we show that ifn-α is retained in the cytosol of virus-infected cells and is not secreted. our findings suggest that activated iκbα mediates the export of ifn-α from virus-infected cells and that the inability of cells in mmp12(-/-) but not wild-type mice to express iκbα and thus export ifn-α makes coxsackievirus type b3 infection lethal and renders res ... | 2014 | 24784232 |
| noblesse oblige: nrf2 functions in the airways. | the transcription factor, nuclear factor (nf), erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (nrf2), was discovered nearly 2 decades ago. since then, over 4,000 papers have been published on nrf2 function in diverse biological systems, and it has been found to be a critical regulator of antioxidant and defense genes with antioxidant response elements in their promoters. nrf2 is particularly important in protecting cells and tissues under highly oxidative microenvironments, including the airways that inte ... | 2014 | 24783956 |
| dngr-1 is dispensable for cd8+ t-cell priming during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection cd8(+) t cells both assist in viral clearance and contribute to immunopathology. cd8(+) t cells recognize viral peptides presented by dendritic cells (dcs), which can directly present viral antigens when infected or, alternatively, "cross-present" antigens after endocytosis of dead or dying infected cells. mouse cd8α(+) and cd103(+) dcs excel at cross-presentation, in part because they express the receptor dngr-1 that detects dead cells by bindi ... | 2014 | 24777856 |
| characterization of a respiratory syncytial virus l protein inhibitor. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) l protein is a viral rna-dependent rna polymerase that contains multiple enzyme activities required for rsv replication. the rsv l inhibitors described in literature are limited by their cytotoxicity or the lack of rsv b subtype coverage. here, we characterize a new rsv l inhibitor with strong antiviral activity against both rsv a and b subtypes and no detectable cytotoxicity. this compound, az-27, was equally active against rsv live viruses and subgenomic r ... | 2014 | 24777090 |
| adults face increased asthma risk after infant rsv bronchiolitis and reduced respiratory health-related quality of life after rsv pneumonia. | to evaluate the association between hospitalisation for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lrti) in infancy and asthma, respiratory health-related quality of life and lung function at 28-31 years of age. | 2014 | 24766320 |
| an overview of respiratory syncytial virus. | 2014 | 24763387 | |
| prevention and prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric cardiology: a uk perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common infection, causing bronchiolitis in over 70% of infants each year and almost all children by the age of 2. it is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections and admissions to hospital worldwide. previously healthy infants may have a prolonged cough or wheezing following rsv infection but up to 20% of those with congenital cardiac disease will be hospitalized and have significant morbidity and mortality. for this reason, it is genera ... | 2014 | 24762251 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection epidemiology in latin america. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of acute respiratory infection and the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to obtain a comprehensive epidemiological picture of the data available on disease burden, surveillance, and use of resources in latin america. pooled estimates are useful for cross-country comparisons. data from published studies reporting patients with probable or confirmed rsv infection in medical da ... | 2014 | 24757727 |
| palivizumab compliance by infants in puerto rico during the 2009-2010 respiratory syncytial virus season. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral pathogen responsible for bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. we assessed palivizumab prophylaxis compliance for infants in puerto rico. we retrospectively studied data from 868 infants (409 females, 459 males) during the 2009-2010 rsv season. the infants had a mean gestational age of 33 weeks (range 23-41) and a mean birth weight of 1,767 g (range 509-4,120). only 74 % of the infants with indications received prophylaxis. the main reason ... | 2014 | 24756837 |
| antiviral activity of ginseng extract against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | panax ginseng has been known to have a number of immuno-modulatory effects. in this study, we investigated whether panax korean red ginseng extract (krge) has in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. krge improved the survival of human lung epithelial cells against rsv infection and inhibited rsv replication. in addition, krge treatment suppressed the expression of rsv-induced inflammatory cytokine genes (il-6 and il-8) and the formation of reactive ... | 2014 | 24756136 |
| asthma: nhlbi workshop on the primary prevention of chronic lung diseases. | asthma is a common disease with enormous public health costs, and its primary prevention is an ambitious and important goal. understanding of how host and environmental factors interact to cause asthma is incomplete, but persistent questions about mechanisms should not stop clinical research efforts aimed at reducing the prevalence of childhood asthma. achieving the goal of primary prevention of asthma will involve integrated and parallel sets of research activities in which mechanism-oriented s ... | 2014 | 24754822 |
| bronchiolitis and pneumonia requiring hospitalization in young first nations children in northern ontario, canada. | high rates of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, have been reported in inuit infants living in arctic canada. we examined rates of lrti in first nations canadian infants living in the sioux lookout zone, in northern ontario. | 2014 | 24751861 |
| [expression of heparanase in kidney of rats with respiratory syncytial virus nephropathy and its relationship with proteinurina]. | to explore the role of heparanase in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) nephropathy in rats model. | 2014 | 24749342 |
| mucosal delivery of a double-stapled rsv peptide prevents nasopulmonary infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection accounts for approximately 64 million cases of respiratory disease and 200,000 deaths worldwide each year, yet no broadly effective prophylactic or treatment regimen is available. rsv deploys paired, self-associating, heptad repeat domains of its fusion protein, rsv-f, to form a fusogenic 6-helix bundle that enables the virus to penetrate the host cell membrane. here, we developed hydrocarbon double-stapled rsv fusion peptides that exhibit stabilized α ... | 2014 | 24743147 |