Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of foot and mouth disease and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viral genes using microarray chip. | two viral pathogens, namely, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), were selected as models for multiple pathogen detection in a cdna microarray. two signature regions selected from orf2 (around 500 bp) and orf5 (around 600 bp) of prrvs (america serotype), and one signature region from structural genes vp1 (around 500 bp) of fmdv type o were designed and spotted on a nylon membrane. for pcr sensitivity study, the cloned fmdv-vp1 templ ... | 2006 | 16400604 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of microencapsulated multiepitope dna vaccine encoding t and b cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. | the role of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid, plga) microparticles on enhancing immune responses of multiepitope dna vaccines was investigated in vitro and in vivo. pcdna-sg encoding t and b cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was encapsulated into plga microparticles. plga microparticles could protect themselves from nuclease degradation in vitro. plga-pcdna-sg microparticles could be uptaken by cells and expressed his-tagged sg immunogen in vitro and in vivo. a prolonged expre ... | 2006 | 16414158 |
| cytokine and toll-like receptor mrnas in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues of cattle during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | the pharyngeal region is known to play an important role in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection in relation to acute disease and viral persistence. in this study, the local mucosal immune response in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt) of cattle infected with fmdv (strain o ukg 34/2001) was examined. quantitative "real-time" rt-pcr assays were used to measure mrna expression of cytokines (ifn-alpha, beta and gamma, il-2, il-1alpha and tnf-alpha) and toll-like receptors (tlr)-3 and ... | 2006 | 16423571 |
| the leader proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits the induction of beta interferon mrna and blocks the host innate immune response. | we have previously shown that the leader proteinase (l(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) blocks cap-dependent mrna translation and that a genetically engineered fmdv lacking the leader proteinase coding region (a12-llv2) is attenuated in cell culture and susceptible animals. the attenuated phenotype apparently is a consequence of the inability of a12-llv2 to block the expression of type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) protein, resulting in ifn-induced inhibition of fmdv replication. her ... | 2006 | 16439546 |
| presence of antibodies to non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus in repeatedly vaccinated cattle. | for the purpose of removing infected animals by detecting humoral immune responses to non-structural proteins of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus, antibodies induced by contaminated residual non-structural proteins contained in less pure fmd vaccine can be problematic for serological screening. the aim of the present study was to measure the possible presence of antibodies against these non-structural proteins in repeatedly vaccinated calves and beef cattle. five imported fmd vaccines were ... | 2006 | 16446061 |
| novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | speed is paramount in the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and simplicity is required if a test is to be deployed in the field. the development of a one-step, reverse transcription loop-mediated amplification (rt-lamp) assay enables fmd virus (fmdv) to be detected in under an hour in a single tube without thermal cycling. a fragment of the 3d rna polymerase gene of the virus is amplified at 65 degrees c in the presence of a primer mixture and both reverse transcriptase and bst dna polym ... | 2006 | 16453084 |
| the structure of a protein primer-polymerase complex in the initiation of genome replication. | picornavirus rna replication is initiated by the covalent attachment of a ump molecule to the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine in the terminal protein vpg. this reaction is carried out by the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (3d). here, we report the x-ray structure of two complexes between foot-and-mouth disease virus 3d, vpg1, the substrate utp and divalent cations, in the absence and in the presence of an oligoadenylate of 10 residues. in both complexes, vpg fits the rna binding cleft of the po ... | 2006 | 16456546 |
| an antiviral mechanism investigated with ribavirin as an rna virus mutagen for foot-and-mouth disease virus. | to prove whether error catastrophe/lethal mutagenesis is the primary antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). ribavirin passage experiments were performed and supernatants of rp1 to rp5 were harvested. morphological alterations as well as the levels of viral rnas, proteins, and infectious particles in the bhk-21 cells infected using the supernatants of rp1 to rp5 and control were measured by microscope, real-time rt-pcr, western-blotting and plaque ... | 2006 | 16466632 |
| detection of three porcine vesicular viruses using multiplex real-time primer-probe energy transfer. | rapid identification of the etiologic agent in infected animals is important for the control of an outbreak of vesicular disease in livestock. we have in the present study developed a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr, based on primer-probe energy transfer (priproet), for simultaneous detection and differentiation of three office international des epizooties (oie) classified vesicular viruses: foot-and-mouth disease virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and swine vesicular disease, causi ... | 2006 | 16472874 |
| lack of susceptibility of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) to foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o. | 2006 | 16474054 | |
| selective lymphocyte depletion during the early stage of the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in swine. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. in the present study we use fmdv serotype c infection of swine to determine, by analytical techniques, the direct ex vivo visualization of virus-infected immune cells during the first 17 days of infection. we report, for the first time, that fmdv c-s8c1 can infect t and b cells at short periods of time postinoculation, corresponding with the peak of the viremia. there is ... | 2006 | 16474143 |
| integrin-alphavbeta6, a putative receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus, is constitutively expressed in ruminant airways. | evolved functions of integrin-alpha(v)beta(6) include roles in epithelial cell-extracellular matrix protein interactions and in the binding and activation of latent tgf-beta(1). integrin-alpha(v)beta(6) is also exploited as a receptor by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and may play a significant role in its transmission and pathogenesis. the ovine beta(6) integrin subunit was cloned and sequenced (embl accession no. aj439062). screening of normal ovine tissues by rt-pcr and immunocytochemist ... | 2006 | 16517977 |
| immunopotentiation of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine by interferon alpha. | the adjuvant effect of porcine interferon alpha (pifn-alpha) was examined in swine vaccinated with a replication-defective adenovirus containing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) a24 capsid and 3c proteinase coding regions (ad5-a24). groups of swine were inoculated with either high or low doses of ad5-a24 in the presence or absence of ad5-pifnalpha or with a control ad5 and challenged by intradermal inoculation in the heel bulb with fmdv at 42 days post-vaccination. after challenge all control ... | 2006 | 16522345 |
| [recombinant non-structural 3a, 3b and 3ab proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus: use for differentiation of vaccinated and infected cattle]. | recombinant proteins 3a, 3b and 3ab were obtained by expression in escherichia coli and purified by metal-chelate chromatography. the proteins were used as antigens in indirect elisa to differentiate vaccinated and infected cattle. while testing 200 sera from cattle 3a-elisa was more sensitive and specific than 3b- and 3ab-elisa. compared with "chekit fmd-3abc", 3a-elisa showed the same level of specificity and higher level of sensitivity. | 2006 | 16523703 |
| fmd in the andaman and nicobar islands. | 2006 | 16531585 | |
| adenovirus-mediated rna interference against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection is responsible for the heavy economic losses in stockbreeding each year. because of the limited effectiveness of existing vaccines and antiviral drugs, the development of new strategies is needed. rna interference (rnai) is an effective means of suppressing virus replication in vitro. here we demonstrate that treatment with recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) expressing short-hairpin rnas (shrnas) directed against either ... | 2006 | 16537624 |
| multicistronic lentiviral vectors containing the fmdv 2a cleavage factor demonstrate robust expression of encoded genes at limiting moi. | a number of gene therapy applications would benefit from vectors capable of expressing multiple genes. in this study we explored the feasibility and efficiency of expressing two or three transgenes in hiv-1 based lentiviral vector. bicistronic and tricistronic self-inactivating lentiviral vectors were constructed employing the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and/or foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) cleavage factor 2a. we employed enhanced gree ... | 2006 | 16539700 |
| dna vaccines expressing b and t cell epitopes can protect mice from fmdv infection in the absence of specific humoral responses. | despite foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) being responsible for one of the most devastating animal diseases, little is known about the cellular immune mechanisms involved in protection against this virus. in this work we have studied the potential of dna vaccines based on viral minigenes corresponding to three major b and t-cell fmdv epitopes (isolate c-s8c1) originally identified in natural hosts. the btt epitopes [vp1 (133-156)-3a (11-40)-vp4 (20-34)] were cloned into the plasmid pcmv, eithe ... | 2006 | 16563575 |
| strategies for controlling fmd. | 2006 | 16565329 | |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus: comparative diagnostic sensitivity of two independent real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. | rapid and accurate diagnosis is central to the effective control of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). it is now recognized that reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays can play an important role in the routine detection of fmd virus (fmdv) in clinical samples. the aim of this study was to compare the ability of 2 independent real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) assays targeting the 5' untranslated region (5'utr) and rna polymerase (3d) to detect fmdv in clinical samples. there was conc ... | 2006 | 16566264 |
| on-farm eradication of foot-and-mouth disease as an alternative to mass culling. | a control and eradication programme for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was initiated on a 1500-sow farm in asia as an alternative to mass culling. the programme was based on mass vaccination and exposure to fmd virus to ensure the development of effective immunity throughout the population. pigs are not long-term carriers of fmd virus and it should be eliminated by 21 days after infection. entry of breeding stock was temporarily halted and the sow herd was partially depopulated in order to create ... | 2006 | 16603550 |
| molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in hong kong during 2001-2002. | most of the molecular epidemiological studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) are based on comparison of vp1 gene sequence. in this report, the nucleotide sequences of the vp1 coding region of fmdv type o strains o/hkn/3/01, o/hkn/5/01, o/hkn/12/01, o/hkn/7/02 and o/hkn/10/02, isolated from the disease outbreak that occurred in hong kong special administrative region (hong kong sar) of china during 2001-2002, were determined and compared with the sequences of other fmdvs. the results reve ... | 2006 | 16604445 |
| detection and serotype-specific differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus using a multiplex, real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. | a multiplex, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed that allowed simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus strains--new jersey (vsv-nj) and indiana 1, 2, and 3 (vsv-in1-3). this assay involves use of a set of vsv universal primers located in the l gene that amplify vsv-in1-3 and vsv-nj using probes that allow differentiation of the major serotypes indiana and new jersey. the assay was evaluated using reference v ... | 2006 | 16617693 |
| sequence analysis of the non-structural 3a and 3c protein-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 field isolates from an endemic country. | a total of 18 foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia1 field isolates belonging to two different lineages (including the divergent group) as delineated earlier in vp1-based phylogeny were sequenced in the non-structural 3a and 3c protein-coding regions. the phylogenetic trees representing the regions coding for the non-structural proteins were very similar to that of the structural vp1 protein-coding region. phylogenetic comparison at 3c region revealed clustering of asia1 viruses with ... | 2006 | 16621341 |
| differential distribution of non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus in bhk-21 cells. | differences in the kinetics of expression and cell distribution among fmdv non-structural proteins (nsps) have been observed in bhk-21-infected cells. 3d(pol) was the first protein detected by immunofluorescence (1.5 h p.i.), showing a perinuclear distribution. at 2-2.5 h p.i., 2b, 2c, 3b and 3c were detected, mostly exhibiting a punctuated, scattered pattern, while 3a and 3d(pol) appeared concentrated at one side of the nucleus. this distribution was exhibited by all the nsps from 3 h p.i., bei ... | 2006 | 16624365 |
| eradication of fmd virus. | 2006 | 16632535 | |
| [retrospective study of foot and mouth disease in west africa from 1970 to 2003]. | a retrospective study of foot and mouth disease in seven west african countries was conducted for the period 1970 to 2003. the study included three cattle-exporting sahel countries (burkina-faso, mali and niger) and four cattle-importing coastal countries (benin, côte d'lvoire, ghana and togo). foot and mouth disease has been enzootic in these countries since 1990/1991. four of the seven serotypes are regularly notified (o, a, sat 1 and sat 2). in the seven countries as a whole, 198 biological s ... | 2006 | 17361767 |
| serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six selected national parks from germany. | a total of 164 blood samples, collected from free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in six german national parks (np) between 2000 and 2002, were assayed for antibodies against nine viral disease agents. antibodies were only detected against the alpha-herpesviruses; specifically, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (22 of 157, 14%), cervid herpesvirus-1 (17 of 157, 10.8%), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (11 of 159, 6.9%). titers ranged from 4 to 10 ... | 2006 | 17255452 |
| buffalo (bubalus bubalis) interleukin-12: analysis of expression profiles and functional cross-reactivity with bovine system. | interleukin-12, a heterodimeric pro-inflammatory cytokine, from water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) was analyzed for its for its tissue specific expression and functionality. concanavalin a stimulated splenocytes displayed an up-regulation of the il-12 p40 subunit 8-24h post-stimulation, whereas the p35 subunit did not show any quantitative variation at different time intervals. basal level expressions of both the subunits were observed by rt-pcr in spleen. in addition p40 transcripts could be det ... | 2006 | 16112195 |
| genomic and antigenic characterization of viruses from the 1993 italian foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. | the origin and evolution of the type o foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) that caused the outbreak occurrence in italy in 1993, the first episode of the disease in the eu after adoption of a non-vaccination policy in 1991, have been studied by the analysis of sequences encoding three main antigenic sites on the viral capsid proteins. the phylogenetic tree derived from sequences spanning the carboxyterminal end of vp1 showed that these italian viruses were grouped in the me-sa topotype, closel ... | 2006 | 16096711 |
| expressions of bovine ifn-gamma and foot-and-mouth disease vp1 antigen in p. pastoris and their effects on mouse immune response to fmd antigens. | as a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) may cause a considerable social-economic loss in those countries affected. ifn-gamma has a wide range of antiviral and immune modulating functions. thus, to study the immune enhancing effects of recombinant bovine ifn-gamma (rboifn-gamma) on a recombinant fmdv vaccine, boifn-gamma, fmdv vp1 and boifn-gamma/vp fusion genes were cloned, expressed, co-expressed in pichia pastoris (p. pastoris) respectively, ... | 2006 | 16135391 |
| enhancing immune responses against a plasmid dna vaccine encoding a fmdv empty capsid from serotype o. | various parameters have been examined for the improvement of immune responses induced by immunisation with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) dna vaccine (pcdna 3.1/p1-2a3c3d, p1) in swine. our findings show that increasing the amount of p1 dna plasmids and pgmcsf adjuvant plasmids induces stronger fmdv specific and neutralising antibody responses, as well as promoting cytokines il-8 and ifngamma secretion, in immunised pigs via multiple inoculation sites. | 2006 | 16154238 |
| retrospective genetic analysis of sat-1 type foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in southern africa. | in areas where foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is endemic in wildlife hosts, such as the kruger national park (knp) in south africa, control measures are in place that ensure that potentially infected antelope and buffalo do not come into close contact with domestic animals. in south africa several sat-1 outbreaks occurred nearly simultaneously in cattle and impala between 1971-1981. phylogenetic analysis based on partial 1d gene nucleotide sequencing indicated that several of these outbreaks were ... | 2006 | 16155727 |
| analysis of the immune response to fmdv structural and non-structural proteins in cattle in argentina by the combined use of liquid phase and 3abc-elisa tests. | the successful sanitary campaign implemented to control the 2000-2002 outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in argentina was greatly assisted by the combination of an elisa test (3abc-elisa) that detects antibodies directed against fmdv viral non-structural proteins (nsps) and a liquid phase blocking competitive elisa (lpelisa) for the detection of antibodies against the viral structural proteins (sps). the combined use of these two assays in large-scale analysis of field samples allo ... | 2006 | 16171905 |
| secretory iga as an indicator of oro-pharyngeal foot-and-mouth disease virus replication and as a tool for post vaccination surveillance. | a serotype-specific elisa was developed to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) specific iga antibody in the saliva of cattle, and the method was evaluated for its feasibility in detecting serotype o fmdv carrier animals, particularly amongst vaccinated cattle that had subsequently become sub-clinically infected. for this purpose, saliva samples were collected from naïve cattle (n = 173), fmdv challenged cattle (n = 10), fmdv vaccinated cattle (n = 40) and fmdv vaccinated-and-challenged ca ... | 2006 | 16203061 |
| microarray-based detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the most economically important veterinary pathogen because of its highly infectious nature and the devastating effects the virus has on the livestock industry. rapid diagnostic methods are needed for detection and typing of fmdv serotypes and differentiation from other viruses causing vesicular diseases. we developed a microarray-based test that uses a fmd dna chip containing 155 oligonucleotide probes, 35-45 base pair (bp) long, virus-common and serotype- ... | 2006 | 16139533 |
| extract from agaricus blazei murill can enhance immune responses elicited by dna vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. | the fungus agaricus blazei murill (abm) is particularly rich in polysaccharides, which have shown particularly strong results in treating and preventing cancers. the goal of this study was to investigate whether co-administration of the abm extract with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) dna vaccine could increase the immune responses. compared with the control mice, which received fmdv dna vaccine alone, significant increase in not only the fmdv-specific antibody response but also t cell proli ... | 2006 | 16213597 |
| interferon-gamma production in vitro from whole blood of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccinated and infected cattle after incubation with inactivated fmdv. | studies were performed to determine whether a rapid method to detect cell mediated immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) could be used either as a diagnostic test or provide a correlate of protection in animals post-vaccination. using protocols based on the bovigam assay for tuberculosis, whole blood samples from fmdv vaccinated or control animals, before and after challenge infection, were stimulated overnight with inactivated fmdv antigen. the quantity of interferon gamma (if ... | 2006 | 16242818 |
| simultaneous detection of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease non-structural proteins 3abc, 3d, 3a and 3b by a multiplexed luminex assay to differentiate infected from vaccinated cattle. | for the first time, a multiplex bead immunoassay was used to test simultaneously, with a single sample, the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease non-structural proteins 3abc, 3a, 3b and 3d from experimentally infected and vaccinated cattle. we cloned and expressed these non-structural proteins (nsps) as recombinant antigens. the purified proteins were coupled to microspheres labeled with anti-his monoclonal antibody with different proportions of red and orange fluorescent dyes and reacted a ... | 2006 | 16260073 |
| comparison of immune responses after intra-typic heterologous and homologous vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in pigs. | this study compares the immune responses and protection induced by intra-typic heterologous vaccination with that induced by homologous vaccination against challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protection against challenge with fmdv o taiwan were examined in a non-vaccinated group, a group vaccinated with o taiwan fmd vaccine and a group vaccinated with o manisa fmd vaccine. five pigs from each group were challenged with fmdv type o ta ... | 2006 | 16289709 |
| high expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein vp1 in tobacco chloroplasts. | a tobacco chloroplast expression vector, ptrvp1, containing the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vp1 gene and the selective marker aada gene, was constructed and transferred to tobacco by biolistic method. three resistant lines were obtained through spectinomycin selection, and each transgenic line was subjected to a second round of spectinomycin selection. pcr and pcr southern blot analysis revealed that the vp1 gene had integrated into the chloroplast genome. western blot and quantification ... | 2006 | 16320056 |
| a novel genetic lineage differentiating rt-pcr as a useful tool in molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in india. | comparison of nucleotide sequences at the vp1 coding region of foot-and-mouth disease serotype asia1 viruses from india has revealed two genetic lineages with emergence of a genetically divergent group in recent years. in this study a simple, fast, relatively costeffective multi-primer rt-pcr assay to differentiate genetic lineages of type asia1 viruses was developed. efforts were made in the design of novel lineage-specific primers and in optimization of the multi-primer assay protocol in conju ... | 2006 | 16329004 |
| utility of automated real-time rt-pcr for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus excreted in milk. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can be excreted in milk and thereby spread infection to susceptible animals in other holdings. the feasibility of using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) as a diagnostic tool for detection of fmdv in milk was assessed by studying the excretion of virus from experimentally-infected cattle. fore- and machine milk samples were collected over a 4-week period from two dairy cows infected with fmdv and from two in-contact cows held ... | 2006 | 16336929 |
| a modified tmv-based vector facilitates the expression of longer foreign epitopes in tobacco. | based upon a mutant isolated from tobacco infected with a recombinant tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), a new tmv-based vector was developed in which four to six c-terminal amino acid residues were deleted from the viral coat protein (cp) subunit. the new vector was quite similar to the original tmv-based vector, which all expressed a well characterized epitope peptide f11 (p(142)-a(152)) of vp1 from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o in tobacco, in the infectivity, yield of the virus part ... | 2006 | 16337317 |
| picornaviruses and cell death. | members of the picornavirus family, including poliovirus and foot-and-mouth disease virus, are widespread pathogens of humans and domestic animals. recent global developments in the resurgence of poliovirus infection and in the control of foot-and-mouth disease infection highlight the problems caused by the ability of picornaviruses to alter the apoptotic machinery of host cells and establish persistent infections. despite the medical, economic and social impact of this family of viruses, little ... | 2006 | 16337385 |
| studies of the outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in west bengal, india, between 1985 and 2002. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is the major disease constraint on international trade in livestock and their products. in the state of west bengal, india, 1,082 fmd outbreaks were reported in the 18 years from 1985 to 2002. of the prevalent four serotypes, o type fmd virus accounted for the most outbreaks (67%), followed by asia-1 virus type (15%) and a virus type (14%). outbreaks of the type c fmd virus were least prevalent (4%), and no cases have been recorded since 1996. the study shows clearly ... | 2005 | 16642764 |
| selection of foot and mouth disease vaccine strains--a review. | the choice of the most appropriate strains of foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus vaccines to use in fmd control programmes and to store in vaccine antigen reserves is based on the matching of representative field isolates from outbreaks around the world to available vaccine strains. however, those involved in fmd control at a national level do not always give this work a high priority, while in countries without effective control of fmd there is little incentive to collect samples or to overcome ... | 2005 | 16642769 |
| quality assurance/quality control of foot and mouth disease solid phase competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--part i. quality assurance: development of secondary and working standards. | international movement in animals and animal products has urged organisations like the world organisation for animal health (oie) to draw up guidelines to regulate and facilitate trade between member countries. however, as the global market continues to grow, further standardisation and harmonisation of antibody detection assays for infectious diseases are needed, especially regarding the development and use of reference materials. for oie notifiable diseases for which primary or international r ... | 2005 | 16642770 |
| quality assurance/quality control of foot and mouth disease solid phase competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--part ii. quality control: comparison of two charting methods to monitor assay performance. | diagnostic laboratories are increasingly required to meet stringent quality standards, and validated assays are needed to achieve formal accreditation. validation of test methods is often considered to be finalised when the assay parameters and characteristics have been established. however, like any process, diagnostic assays are subject to random variation resulting in shifts in the mean test values. continuous monitoring of assays using control charts will alert the interpreter of changes in ... | 2005 | 16642771 |
| pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o. | a particular genetic lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o, which we have named the panasia strain, was responsible for an explosive pandemic in asia and extended to parts of africa and europe from 1998 to 2001. in 2000 and 2001, this virus strain caused outbreaks in the republic of korea, japan, russia, mongolia, south africa, the united kingdom, republic of ireland, france, and the netherlands, countries which last experienced fmd outbreaks decades before (ranging from 1934 ... | 2005 | 16485475 |
| detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in vaccinated cattle. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the value of commercially available kits for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus infection in vaccinated cattle. the cattle were vaccinated with a commercial aqueous fmd vaccine type a24 and subsequently challenged 28 days post vaccination with homologous fmd virus. seven of eight animals were protected from clinical disease and all became carriers. they were bled sequentially for up to 130 days post infection and samples of sera were tested ... | 2005 | 16385852 |
| a decision-support system for real-time risk assessment of airborne spread of the foot-and-mouth disease virus. | [corrected] the application of epidemic models during the first days following the confirmation of a virus outbreak should significantly contribute to minimize its costs. here we describe the first version of a decision-support system for the calculation of the airborne spread of a virus and its application to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). the goal is to provide geographical maps depicting infection risk for various animal species to support the national health authorities. | 2005 | 16342927 |
| population dynamics of rna viruses: the essential contribution of mutant spectra. | cells and their viral and cellular parasites are genetically highly diverse, and their genomes contain signs of past and present variation and mobility. the great adaptive potential of viruses, conferred on them by high mutation rates and quasispecies dynamics, demands new strategies for viral disease prevention and control. this necessitates a more detailed knowledge of viral population structure and dynamics. here we review studies with the important animal pathogen foot-and-mouth disease viru ... | 2005 | 16355868 |
| kinetics of humoral immune response in pigs vaccinated against foot and mouth disease. | the present investigation was conducted to study the foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv)-specific humoral immune response (hir) in pigs, following vaccination with oil adjuvanted foot and mouth disease (fmd) vaccine, upto 90 days post vaccination (dpv). for this, 40 large white yorkshire (lwy) pigs (20; one-year old female (gilts) and 20; three-month old piglets) were vaccinated @ 2 ml/animal, subcutaneously. sera samples were collected at fortnight interval from all the animals. the log10 sn50 ... | 2005 | 16359125 |
| immunogenicity of the epitope of the foot-and-mouth disease virus fused with a hepatitis b core protein as expressed in transgenic tobacco. | a novel plant-based vaccine protecting against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) was developed by inserting the vp21 epitope into the internal region of the hepatitis b virus core antigen gene (hbcag). the specific sequence of the vp21 epitope is located within the vp1 capsid protein of the fmd virus (fmdv). it spans 21 amino acids located between positions 140 and 160 of the g-h loop. the fusion gene, hbcvp, was inserted into the plant binary vector pbi121 and then transformed into tobacco (nicotian ... | 2005 | 16359233 |
| evolving perception on the benefits of vaccination as a foot and mouth disease control policy: contributions of south america. | within the past decade, changes in perceptions on the benefits of vaccination as an appropriate tool to achieve complete foot and mouth disease eradication have become evident. the former negative view was derived from misconceptions, resulting mainly from the belief that vaccines are not entirely effective and that vaccination masks asymptomatic viral circulation. the advent in the 1990s of vaccination policies implemented within a strategic eradication plan in south america, and during recurre ... | 2005 | 16372885 |
| evidence for an rna chaperone function of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in picornavirus translation. | the cellular polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) is recruited by the genomic rnas of picornaviruses to stimulate translation initiation at their internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements. we investigated the contribution of the individual rna recognition motif (rrm) domains of ptb to its interaction with the ires of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). using a native gel system, we found that ptb is a monomer, confirming recent reports that challenged the previous view that ptb is a di ... | 2005 | 16314455 |
| specific interference between two unrelated internal ribosome entry site elements impairs translation efficiency. | internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements allow simultaneous synthesis of multiple proteins in eukaryotic cells. here, two unrelated iress that perform efficiently in bicistronic constructs, the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and the cellular immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip) ires, were used to generate a tricistronic vector. functional analysis of the tricistronic rna evidenced that the efficiency of protein synthesis under the control of bip ires was lower t ... | 2005 | 16330032 |
| role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of asian and south american foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine. | in this study, we performed experiments to evaluate the extend of the process of apoptotic cell death by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). apoptosis can also occur in some virus-infected cells, and ability of viruses to either inhibit or promote apoptosis may influence the pathologic outcome of infection. in this study, to determine if apoptosis plays a role in the outcome of fmdv infection in swine, we evaluated apoptosis in diseased tissues collected from pigs inoculated with two different ... | 2005 | 16327217 |
| development of novel strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: marker vaccines and antivirals. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is economically the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. the disease is highly contagious and fmd virus (fmdv) replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. outbreaks in previously fmd-free countries, including taiwan, the united kingdom, and uruguay, and the potential use of fmdv by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit disease spread. the curren ... | 2005 | 16289996 |
| regulation of immunologicals in the european union: current and emerging issues. | 2005 | 16289997 | |
| development of synthetic peptide elisa based on nonstructural protein 2c of foot and mouth disease virus. | it was reported that the sera of convalescent animals contain antibodies to foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus (fmdv) 2c, highly conserved nonstructural protein (nsp), whereas the sera of vaccinated animals do not. but elisa methods using this protein were not reported and developed until recently. in this study, nsp 2c peptides were synthesized within the amino acid sequence of the conserved 2c nonstructural region of fmdv according to the sequences from genbank database and used for identifyin ... | 2005 | 16293996 |
| absence of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus in free-ranging roe deer from selected areas of germany (2001-2002). | blood samples (n = 223) of free-ranging roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were collected from selected hunting grounds in germany between october 2001 and october 2002. samples originated from lower saxony (n = 43) and north-rhine westphalia (n = 108) within a 20-km area ("cordon") cordoned off along the border of the netherlands. this is adjacent to the area of a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak that occurred between 21 march and 22 april 2001 in the netherlands. negative control samples were taken ... | 2005 | 16244071 |
| a novel mucosal vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus induces protection in mice and swine. | epitopes of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein vp1 complex and a chimera of 6xhis-tagged cholera toxin b subunit (hctb) were expressed in hansenula polymorpha and used together as a mucosal vaccine. antibody and cytokine responses to vp1-hctb vaccine and protection against fmdv were evaluated by elisa and a virus challenge test in mice, respectively. vp1-hctb directly enhanced the expression of interleukin-5 (il-5) both in serum and supernatants of cultured spleen cells. after ... | 2005 | 16247672 |
| non-capsid proteins to identify foot-and-mouth disease viral circulation in cattle irrespective of vaccination. | the ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to establish subclinical and even persistent infection, the so called carrier state, imposes the need to reliably demonstrate absence of viral circulation, to monitor the progress of control measures, either during eradication programs or after reintroduction of virus in free areas. this demonstration becomes critical in immunized populations, because of the concern that silent viral circulation could be hidden by immunization. this concern orig ... | 2005 | 16257539 |
| mutant viral polymerase in the transition of virus to error catastrophe identifies a critical site for rna binding. | a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) polymerase (3d) with amino acid replacements g118d, v239m and g373d (triple dmd mutant) was obtained from a molecular clone derived from a virus population treated with ribavirin, in the transition to error catastrophe (virus extinction through lethal mutagenesis). dmd 3d was expressed in escherichia coli, purified, and its activity compared with that of wild-type enzyme and mutant enzymes with either replacement g118d, g118a or d338a (the latter affecting t ... | 2005 | 16216271 |
| impairment of thymus-dependent responses by murine dendritic cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a cytopathic virus that experimentally infects mice, inducing a thymus-independent neutralizing ab response that rapidly clears the virus. in contrast, vaccination with uv-inactivated virus induces a typical thymus-dependent (td) response. in this study we show that dendritic cells (dcs) are susceptible to infection with fmdv in vitro, although viral replication is abortive. infected dcs down-regulate the expression of mhc class ii and cd40 molecules and up ... | 2005 | 16148145 |
| vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus confers complete clinical protection in 7 days and partial protection in 4 days: use in emergency outbreak response. | recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) demonstrate that this highly contagious viral infection of cloven hoofed animals continues to be a significant economic problem worldwide. debate about the most effective way to respond to outbreaks of fmdv in disease free countries continues to center on the use of vaccines. in this report, we present data showing that a commercially available, standard dose vaccine formulation can fully protect cattle against direct challenge with the vir ... | 2005 | 16153756 |
| host and virus determinants of picornavirus pathogenesis and tropism. | the family picornaviridae contains some notable members, including rhinovirus, which infects humans more frequently than any other virus; poliovirus, which has paralysed or killed millions over the years; and foot-and-mouth-disease virus, which led to the creation of dedicated institutes throughout the world. despite their profound impact on human and animal health, the factors that regulate pathogenesis and tissue tropism are poorly understood. in this article, we review the clinical and econom ... | 2005 | 16205710 |
| the "friedrich-loeffler-institut": past, present and future of research in infectious diseases of animals. | the friedrich-loeffler-institut, founded in 1910 by friedrich loeffler, the discoverer of the first animal virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, is the oldest virological research facility in the world. beyond viruses, its area of competence has significantly expanded since its foundation and now also covers bacterial, parasitic and prion diseases of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. presently located at four sites within germany (insel riems, jena,tübingen,wusterhausen) the tasks of the in ... | 2005 | 16206922 |
| dna prime followed by protein boost enhances neutralization and th1 type immunity against fmdv. | prime-boost strategy has been exhibited its potency to enhance immune responses, which would be important to the success to develop a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). an eukaryotic expression construct encoding the fmdv capsid vp1 protein with a recombinant vp1 protein or a commercial fmdv vaccine were tested in the prime-boost strategy in mice and cattle trials. the levels of induced specific antibodies, t cell proliferations, and dth activities were significantly higher ... | 2005 | 16212533 |
| the alpha(v)beta6 integrin receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle. | field strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) use a number of alpha(v)-integrins as receptors to initiate infection on cultured cells, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in animals. in this study, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and real-time rt-pcr were used to investigate expression of two of the integrin receptors of fmdv, alpha(v)beta6 and alpha(v)beta3, within various epithelia targeted by this virus in cattle. these studies show tha ... | 2005 | 16186231 |
| analysis of a foot-and-mouth disease virus type a24 isolate containing an sgd receptor recognition site in vitro and its pathogenesis in cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) initiates infection by binding to integrin receptors via an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence found in the g-h loop of the structural protein vp1. following serial passages of a type a(24) cruzeiro virus (a(24)cru) in bovine, via tongue inoculation, a virus was generated which contained an sgd sequence in the cell receptor-binding site and expressed a turbid plaque phenotype in bhk-21 cells. propagation of this virus in these cells resulted in the rapid selection of ... | 2005 | 16189001 |
| a preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | a survey to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis and certain other infectious diseases was conducted on 42 free-ranging african buffaloes, (syncerus caffer) from may to june 1997 in the queen elizabeth national park, uganda. using the gamma interferon test, exposure to m. bovis was detected in 21.6% of the buffaloes. one dead buffalo and an emaciated warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus) that was euthanased, were necropsied; both had miliary granulomas from ... | 2005 | 16137132 |
| analysis of the epidemiological dynamics during the 1982-1983 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in denmark based on molecular high-resolution strain identification. | an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) causing a total of 23 cases in 1982-1983, primarily on the island of funen, denmark, was subjected to molecular epidemiological investigations. in an attempt to exploit the quasi-species nature of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains for molecular high-resolution strain identification in order to analyse the dynamics of this epidemic, full-length vp1 coding regions were sequenced for 17 isolates collected at different farms during the epidemic. the seq ... | 2005 | 16099917 |
| [expression of foot and mouth disease virus antigens in transgenic plants]. | owing to its geographical distribution and its highly contagious character, the foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus is responsible for one of the most dreaded of all livestock diseases. the currently-used vaccine is polyvalent and is based on an inactivated virus. current research on fmd vaccines focuses on the creation of vaccines that are easier and cheaper to produce, and that avoid manipulation of large quantities of virus. the use of transgenic plants to express relevant antigens has been ev ... | 2005 | 16110887 |
| [foot-and-mouth disease:: an old disease--new solutions]. | the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in united kingdom provoked a crisis in the european union with deleterious consequences not only for livestock industry. public opinion is more and more concerned about stamping out measures used to control the disease even with previously vaccinated animals. presently the trend is to "vaccinate for life". this policy change requires to improve vaccines and diagnostic tools. it is not foreseen nevertheless to come back to a generalized vaccination of ... | 2005 | 16116814 |
| tissue distribution of a plasmid dna containing epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice. | it is known that only the minority of plasmid dnas effect a cure or prevention after intramuscular injection into host. but what is the fate of the majority? and indeed how many of the injected dnas work? till now, little is known about it. to answer these questions, two methods including pcr and autoradiography were used in distribution study in mice that had received a single muscular inoculation of plasmid dna containing antigenic epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. the results showed t ... | 2005 | 16125283 |
| development of a lightcycler-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | one step taqman real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (r/t rt-pcr) using a set of primers/probes was developed for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus. the gene-specific probes labeled fluorogen for the internal ribosomal entry site, leader sequence and 2b regions were used to detect fmd virus (fmdv). this assay specifically detected fmdv both in cell culture preparations and clinical samples, and was capable of distinguishing fmd from other viral diseases sim ... | 2005 | 16131823 |
| monitoring sequence space as a test for the target of selection in viruses. | an essential feature of viral quasispecies, predicted from quasispecies theory, is that the target of selection is the mutant distribution as a whole. to test molecularly the mutant composition selected from a viral quasispecies we reconstructed a mutant distribution using 19 antigenic variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). each variant was marked by a specific amino acid replacement at a major antigenic site of the virus that conferred resistance to a monoclonal antibody (mab). the va ... | 2005 | 15581890 |
| rapid control of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks: is rnai a possible solution? | 2005 | 15668119 | |
| the nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/fra/1/2001 and comparison with its british parental strain o/ukg/35/2001. | the complete nucleotide sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) o/fra/1/2001 (bovine isolate) was determined from five cdna clones covering most of the genome and compared with the british porcine isolate (o/ukg/35/2001) it originated from. seven substitutions, out of which three resulted in amino acid changes (in the leader protease, 3a protein and 3d rna-dependent rna polymerase sequences) were identified and confirmed by direct sequencing of rt-pcr products obtained from in vitro infe ... | 2005 | 15681075 |
| comparative studies of the capsid precursor polypeptide p1 and the capsid protein vp1 cdna vectors for dna vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a severe livestock disease, and the virus is an interesting target for virology and vaccine studies. | 2005 | 15693054 |
| molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus type c of indian origin. | comparison of nucleotide sequences of the partial 1d region of foot-and-mouth disease type c viruses of indian origin with those of european, south american, and southeast asian viruses revealed that the indian viruses form a distinct genotype. the vaccine strain c ind/51/79 belongs to this genotype and may be a prototype strain of this genotype. | 2005 | 15695720 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus replication sites form next to the nucleus and close to the golgi apparatus, but exclude marker proteins associated with host membrane compartments. | picornavirus infection of cells generally results in the production of membranous vesicles containing the viral proteins necessary for viral rna synthesis. to determine whether foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection induced similar structures, and which cellular components were involved, the subcellular distribution of fmdv proteins was compared with protein markers of cellular membrane compartments. using immunofluorescence analysis and digital deconvolution, it was shown that fmdv struc ... | 2005 | 15722529 |
| evaluation of in vitro inhibitory potential of small interfering rnas directed against various regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus genome. | india is endemic for foot-and-mouth disease and it continues to be a major threat to the livestock industry despite vaccination programmes. in the present study, the ability of specific small interfering (si)rnas directed against different genomic regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to inhibit virus replication in bhk-21 cells was examined. for preliminary evaluation of possible sirna-mediated fmdv inhibition, a cocktail of several unique populations of 12-30bp sirnas were successfull ... | 2005 | 15752771 |
| site-specific peptide vaccines for immunotherapy and immunization against chronic diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and for veterinary applications. | united biomedical, inc. (ubi) has developed a set of core technologies for the discovery and production of synthetic peptide-based immunotherapeutics and vaccines. these core technologies have led to products that stimulate functional site-directed antibody responses for therapeutic effects. ubi active immunotherapies can be used to modulate physiological processes effective for the control of cell entry by hiv virions, for control of prostate cancer and allergy, and for immunocastration in live ... | 2005 | 15755569 |
| effects of foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins on the structure and function of the early secretory pathway: 2bc but not 3a blocks endoplasmic reticulum-to-golgi transport. | infection of cells by picornaviruses leads to the generation of intracellular membrane vesicles. the expression of poliovirus (pv) 3a protein causes swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and inhibition of protein trafficking between the er and the golgi apparatus. here, we report that the nonstructural proteins of a second picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), also perturb the secretory pathway. fmdv proteins 3a, 2b, 2c, and 2bc expressed alone in cells were recovered from crud ... | 2005 | 15767438 |
| analysis of the immune response against mixotope peptide libraries from a main antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the design of vaccines for rna viral diseases is complicated by the high genetic variability of the viruses, which favors the selection of escape mutants. a case in point is foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), for which only limited protection has been observed in vaccination with single peptides. we have explored the potential of immunogens of higher sequence diversity, covering a broad range of field or culture-induced mutations at the immunodominant site a of fmdv, serotype c. four mixotope- ... | 2005 | 15780448 |
| amyloid-like properties of bacterial inclusion bodies. | bacterial inclusion bodies are major bottlenecks in protein production, narrowing the spectrum of relevant polypeptides obtained by recombinant dna. while regarded as amorphous deposits formed by passive and rather unspecific precipitation of unfolded chains, we prove here that they are instead organized aggregates sharing important structural and biological features with amyloids. by using an escherichia coli beta-galactosidase variant, we show that aggregation does not necessarily require unfo ... | 2005 | 15784261 |
| quantitative risk assessment of fmd virus transmission via water. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a viral disease of domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals. fmd virus is known to spread by direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, by animal products such as meat and milk, by the airborne route, and mechanical transfer on people, wild animals, birds, and by vehicles. during the outbreak of 2001 in the netherlands, milk from dairy cattle was illegally discharged into the sewerage as a consequence of transport prohibition. this may lead to con ... | 2005 | 15787753 |
| detection of antibody to the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) non-structural polyprotein 3abc in sheep by elisa. | the specificity and sensitivity of an elisa for detecting igg to the 3abc non-structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was evaluated in fmd naive, aerosol-infected, aerosol plus direct contact infected and field-exposed sheep. all 12 sheep that were experimentally infected without prior vaccination seroconverted in the test, although fewer field sera from fmd-exposed sheep were scored seropositive compared to test results for structural protein antibodies. the 3abc test specifici ... | 2005 | 15794985 |
| constitutive expression of alpha interferon by skin dendritic cells confers resistance to infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the role of dendritic cells (dc) in the initiation of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is poorly understood. we analyzed the innate response of freshly isolated swine skin dc to the virus and show a rapid induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta) mrna but not ifn-alpha mrna. however, these dc secreted both ifn-alpha and ifn-beta proteins in response to live virus but not killed virus. furthermore, the surface expression of swine major histocompatibility complex class ii ... | 2005 | 15795269 |
| interleukin-2 potentiates foot-and-mouth disease vaccinal immune responses in mice. | the present study describes the role of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rh il-2) as immunomodulatory molecule in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccinal immune response in a murine model. the humoral immune response was evaluated by examining the antibody titre against fmd virus type o, a(22) and asia 1 in serum samples obtained from different groups of mice inoculated with pbs, fmd vaccine alone; vaccine along with rh il-2 on 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days post vaccination (dpv) by indirect double an ... | 2005 | 15811646 |
| serologic surveillance for selected viral agents in captive and free-ranging populations of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) from saudi arabia and the united arab emirates. | a total of 294 sera collected between 1999 and 2001 from eight captive and one free-ranging herds of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) distributed in saudi arabia (sa) and the united arab emirates (uae) were assayed for antibodies against 13 selected viral agents. arabian oryx have been exposed to bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine adenovirus 3 (bav-3), cervid herpesvirus-1, foot-and-mouth disea ... | 2005 | 15827212 |
| stable antibody expression at therapeutic levels using the 2a peptide. | therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are currently being developed for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. despite clinical success, widespread application of mab therapies may be limited by manufacturing capabilities. in this paper, we describe a mab delivery system that allows continuous production of a full-length antibody at high-concentrations in vivo after gene transfer. the mab is expressed from a single open reading frame by linking the heavy and light chains with a 2a self-p ... | 2005 | 15834403 |
| immune response in guinea pigs vaccinated with dna vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/china99. | in order to obtain the gene p12x3c of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv o/china99) that includes full length p1, 2a, 3c and part of 2b and 3b, the site mutation strategy was used. the recombinant plasmid pcdna3.1/p12x3c was transfected into bhk-21 cells. the capsid proteins of fmdv expressed in bhk-21 cells were confirmed by sandwich-elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test. then the plasmid pcdna3.1/p12x3c was administered to guinea pigs intramuscularly, and purified fmdv o/china993d protein ... | 2005 | 15837227 |
| a segmented form of foot-and-mouth disease virus interferes with standard virus: a link between interference and competitive fitness. | serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bhk-21 cells at high multiplicity of infection resulted in dominance of particles containing defective rnas that were infectious by complementation in the absence of standard viral rna. in the present study, we show that the defective fmdv particles interfere with replication of the cognate standard virus. coinfections of defective fmdv with standard fmdv mutants that differ up to 151-fold in relative fitness have documented that the degre ... | 2005 | 15840515 |
| short hairpin rna targeted to the highly conserved 2b nonstructural protein coding region inhibits replication of multiple serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is one of the most contagious agents of animals. recent disease outbreaks in fmd-free countries have prompted the development of new control strategies that could improve the levels of protection against this virus. we have delivered a plasmid expressing a short hairpin rna (shrna) directed against a highly conserved sequence in the 2b nonstructural protein coding region of fmdv rna to porcine cells. after virus infection, these cells showed a significant redu ... | 2005 | 15840521 |
| development and evaluation of a multiplex pcr for differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains native to india. | a multiplex pcr (mpcr) for the differentiation of indian fmdv serotypes, o, a, asia 1 and c was developed and evaluated on 142 clinical and 39 cell culture samples. on the latter samples both the tests worked well with 100% efficiency, whereas on clinical samples mpcr had better efficiency than elisa. the test was found to be specific for fmdv. the detection limit of the assay was varied among the serotypes; it was most sensitive on types a and asia 1 and least sensitive on type c. the mpcr clea ... | 2005 | 15847913 |