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[hantavirus infection and the pulmonary syndrome: another new entity to look for in our environment?]. 19968756221
genetic susceptibility to severe course of nephropathia epidemica caused by puumala hantavirus.nephropathia epidemica (ne) caused by puumala hantavirus is one type of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). there is considerable variability in the clinical severity of ne. many infections are subclinical but the disease can even be fatal. we questioned whether the wide spectrum in the outcome of ne is dependent, on host-related immunological factors by determining the major histocompatibility complex markers (mhc) in 74 adult patients with ne. patients with the most severe course of ...19968770970
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: first imported case of hantavirus infection in taiwan.a patient infected with hantavirus, with resultant hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), is reported. the patient was a 38-year-old man, living in tainan, taiwan, who had been visiting mainland china for 3 months when he suddenly developed fever and chills, generalized myalgia, abdominal pain and petechiae on his chest. he sought treatment in mainland china. his clinical course progressed through febrile, hypotensive, oliguria and polyuria phases. supportive care included one course of h ...19968772056
analysis of fatal pulmonary hantaviral infection in new york by reverse transcriptase in situ polymerase chain reaction.the purpose of this study was to analyze the histological distribution of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified hantaviral cdna in three cases of fatal hantaviral infection that occurred 2 years ago in long island, ny. the three otherwise healthy patients had a rapid death characterized by fever and pulmonary failure and were identified from the autopsy files at university hospital, stony brook. six autopsy controls with either no pulmonary disease (three) or fatal pneumonitis of known etiol ...19968774123
radiologic findings of the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 19968779215
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: epidemiology, prevention, and case presentation of a new viral strain.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a viral infection from a new strain of hantavirus. the hantavirus was first discovered in north america in 1993 after an outbreak of fatal illness on a navajo indian reservation in new mexico. since then, 122 cases of hps (with a high mortality rate of more than 50%) have been reported in 23 states, with the highest prevalence in the four corners area. the reservoir for hantavirus is small rodents, mostly field mice, vole, and chipmunks. it is transmitted t ...19968784877
a soldier in respiratory distress. 19968531548
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome-related virus from bolivia. 19968531560
ehrlichia infection as a cause of severe respiratory distress. 19968532017
hantavirus serologies in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.in many patients, the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia is not known but may be caused by previously undescribed pathogens in some cases. the recently identified hantavirus sin nombre (sn) causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. because sporadic cases have occurred outside the range of its reservoir (the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus), an investigation sought to determine whether hantaviruses contributed to cases of community-acquired pneumonia in a large baltimore hospital. acute-phase ...19968537665
elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, soluble tnf receptors, interleukin (il)-6, and il-10 in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.plasma levels of cytokines were measured by eia in 15 subjects hospitalized with nephropathia epidemica, a european form of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and interleukin (il)-6 were increased in all patients at admission, and the concentration of il-10 was increased in most. tnf-alpha concentrations were still increased 1 week after onset of disease; levels of il-6 and il-10 were normalized. tnf-alpha was undetectabl ...19968537680
inhibition of bunyaviruses, phleboviruses, and hantaviruses by human mxa protein.viruses of the bunyaviridae family cause a variety of diseases ranging from uncomplicated fever to potentially lethal encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever. little is known about the factors determining pathogenicity in the vertebrate host. interferons have been reported to be inhibitory, but their mode of action against members of the bunyaviridae has not yet been elucidated. the interferon-induced mxa protein encoded on human chromosome 21 is a large gtpase with antiviral activity against distinc ...19968551631
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1995 and 1996.sporadic cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), a severe cardiopulmonary illness first identified in 1993, continue to be recognized in the united states (1,2). this report describes the investigation of two cases of sin nombre virus (snv)-associated hps involving feedlot workers in a single household during may-june 1995, and summarizes national reporting for hps through march 21, 1996. the findings of this investigation and of other investigations suggest that, although domestic and occ ...19968598827
cytokines, adhesion molecules, and cellular infiltration in nephropathia epidemica kidneys: an immunohistochemical study.puumala hantavirus-induced nephropathia epidemica (ne) is an important cause for an acute reversible renal failure in scandinavia, european russia, and the balkans. the characteristic histopathological renal finding is an acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. mild to massive proteinuria, hematuria, and a rise in the serum creatinine level are typically seen. the pathogenetic mechanisms of ne kidney failure are incompletely understood. therefore we studied the infiltrating cell populations and loca ...19968599883
histopathology of peromyscus leucopus naturally infected with pathogenic ny-1 hantaviruses: pathologic markers of hps viral infection in mice.hantavirus research is impeded by the absence of animal models of viral pathogenesis. we have studied the histopathology of mice (p. leucopus) naturally infected with the ny-1 hantavirus on shelter island, new york. five mice were determined to be seropositive in western blotting to four corners virus nucleocapsid protein and had serum antibodies to seoul and puumala hantavirus antigens by immunofluorescence assay. hantavirus gene segments of the ny-1 hantavirus were identified in these mice and ...19968600313
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. 19968602007
hantavirus infection in taiwan. 19968602039
spread of hantavirus infections in europe. 19968602040
epidemiologic linkage of rodent and human hantavirus genomic sequences in case investigations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.sin nombre virus (snv) causes the zoonotic disease hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). its mechanisms of transmission from rodent to human are poorly understood. it is possible that specific genetic signature sequences could be used to determine the probable site of each case-patient's exposure. environmental assessments suggested 12 possible sites of rodent exposure for 6 hps patients. rodents were captured at 11 of the 12 sites and screened for snv infection within 2 weeks of the patient's di ...19968603954
hantavirus illness in humans: review and update.hantavirus is a rodent-borne pathogen that has been well characterized since the 1950s in asia and northern europe. the classic hantaviral illnesses hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and nephropathia epidemica are indistinguishable from the hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (hps) in early symptoms and laboratory data, but hps goes on to produce the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and usually spares the kidney. hps is the first hantaviral disease reported in humans in the western hemis ...19968604454
cardiopulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.to describe the clinical characteristics of a group of patients infected with the newly recognized hantavirus in the southwestern united states.19968605797
characterization of puumala virus nucleocapsid protein: identification of b-cell epitopes and domains involved in protective immunity.b-cell epitopes in the nucleocapsid protein (n) of puumala (puu) virus were investigated by use of truncated recombinant proteins and overlapping peptides. six of seven epitopes, recognized by bank vole monoclonal antibodies, were localized within the amino-terminal region of the protein (aa 1-79). polyclonal antibodies from wild-trapped or experimentally infected bank voles identified epitopes located over the entire protein. antibody end-point titers to different n fragments indicated that the ...19968607269
patterns and predictability in emerging infections.many seemingly novel infections have a long history as zoonoses, and perhaps in sporadic human hosts; they gain access to new host populations through ecologic changes and human activity. identification of patterns in the emergence of such illnesses--ranging from influenza and lyme disease to ebola fever and aids--suggests that worldwide surveillance may be more feasible than once thought.19968609193
hantaviruses are likely threat to nato forces in bosnia and herzegovina and croatia. 19968612216
hantavirus antigen detection using human serum immunoglobulin m as the capturing antibody in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect different hantavirus antigens in cell culture; i.e. puumala (puu), hantaan (htn), and dobrava (dob) viruses. the assay was based on binding human serum immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to the solid phase by use of goat anti-igm antibodies. the captured igm antibodies were present in the acute phase serum from two patients: one infected in sweden and the other in bosnia. antigens being bound to the solid phase by the human anti ...19968615449
hantaviruses in the united states. 19968615702
human and rodent hantavirus infection in new york state: public health significance of an emerging infectious disease.a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with possible exposure in new york and/or rhode island was confirmed in february 1994.19968615704
from the centers for disease control and prevention. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome--united states, 1995 and 1996. 19968618355
occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeastern california and nevada.these studies were initiated to determine the prevalence and hosts of hantaviruses within the rodent population of nevada and northeastern california. a total of 1,867 rodents were collected, sexed, weighed, identified, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibody against hantavirus nucleocapsid. the primary hosts for hantaviruses in this region were found within the family muridae (peromyscus maniculatus. reithrodontomys megalotis. and microtus montanus). studies ...19968619434
khabarovsk virus: a phylogenetically and serologically distinct hantavirus isolated from microtus fortis trapped in far-east russia.two hantavirus strains, mf43 and mf113, isolated from microtus fortis trapped in the khabarovsk region of far-eastern russia, were analysed by direct nucleotide sequencing of pcr generated fragments of the m and s segments, by immunofluorescence and by focus reduction neutralization tests (frnt). the nucleotide sequences revealed that the two isolates were closely related to each other but distinct from all other hantaviruses. phylogenetic analysis of the m and s segments showed that the mf stra ...19968627257
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in germany. 19968637377
western blotting using recombinant hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in silkworm as a serological confirmation of hantavirus infection in human sera.recombinant hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in silkworm larvae was applied as a serological diagnostic antigen in western blots (wb) of human sera. the sensitivity of this method was similar to that of the ifa test. hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and nephropathia epidemica diagnosed by their cross-reactivity in wb. the specificity of this method was higher than that of ifa test because the background was low. sera that exhibited high background staining in the ifa test ...19968645761
new and emerging pathogens, part 4. new and emerging viral diseases--the ultimate parasites. 199610157594
plagues. guerilla warfare. 199610161475
[epidemic nephropathia and winter]. 199610605232
[ophthalmic manifestation of epidemic nephropathy]. 199610590607
[the clinical picture and diagnosis of epidemic nephropathy]. 199610590608
[serologic studies of domestic cats for potential human pathogenic virus infections from wild rodents].for several viral infections a reservoir in wild rodents has been demonstrated. some of the agents are known or suspected to be pathogenic for humans. because improvements in hygiene have reduced direct human contact with rodents, domestic cats could be acting as active transmitters of these viruses from rodents to man. we selected 4 such pathogens--ortho- and parapox-, hanta- and encephalomyocarditis viruses--which, in different ways, may lead to serious human illness: ortho- and parapoxvirus i ...19969409901
a severe case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in singapore.the incidence of human hantavirus infection in singapore is low. hitherto, only 2 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) have been reported. a third case is reported here of a ragman who had the classical manifestations of hfrs, confirmed by serology. in addition, his condition was complicated by liver dysfunction and neurological disturbance. after a protracted stay, the patient was finally discharged from hospital 5 months after the onset of his severe illness.19969280013
[hantavirus disease]. 19969181739
[hantavirus infection: a "new" exotic zoonosis among us].hantavirus disease is a recently recognized zoonosis. the main vectors are infected but healthy wild rodents or laboratory rats. transmission to man occurs via inhalation of aerosolised excretions. kidneys or lungs are the target organs during the disease, but a systemic affection with multi-organ involvement is possible, and can be fatal. to date, at least 16 different serotypes of hantavirus have been characterized, 8 of them being of clinical importance. each serotype has its own rodent vecto ...19969156672
[hantavirus infection]. 19969123884
new pathogens for respiratory infections.the emergence of new pathogens and the increasing antimicrobial resistance patterns of old pathogens are contributing factors to the high epidemiologic impact of lower respiratory tract infections. hantaviruses, chlamydia pneumoniae, and penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae have recently gained most of the attention of international researchers. hantavirus pulmonary syndrome has been confirmed in 100 cases with a very high mortality (52%). risk factors for infection are peridomestic cle ...19969363136
[a system of immunoenzyme analysis using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies for typing hantavirus antigens].enzyme immunoassay with biotin-labeled monoclonal antibodies to puumala virus was used for typing hantavirus antigens. the system is type-specific, that is, it detects puumala virus only, which was demonstrated by typing 9 hantavirus antigens in infected vero e5 cells and by epizootological analysis of an hfrs outbreak in the yegoryevsk district of the moscow region in november-december 1995. the suggested system may be used as an element of eia screening of natural samples in analysis of the sc ...19968999683
isolation and characterization of tula virus, a distinct serotype in the genus hantavirus, family bunyaviridae.a vero e6 cell culture isolate of tula virus (tul), a hantavirus first detected in european common voles (microtus arvalis and m. rossiaemeridionalis) by rt-pcr was obtained after initial passaging of tul-infected vole lung samples in laboratory-colonized m. arvalis. tul was defined as a classical serotype by a cross-focus-reduction neutralization test (frnt) and was also shown to be distinct from other hantaviruses by haemagglutination inhibition assay. the sequences of s, m and partial l genom ...19969000098
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina. possibility of person to person transmission.in march 1995 the first case of a familiar outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) was notified in el bolson, in the south of argentina. until december 15, 1996, a total of 77 cases of hps had been notified with 48% mortality, distributed in three geographical areas of the country, south, north and center. during 1996, of the 19 cases from el bolsón, three were local physicians, one of whom -during the prodrome of her illness- travelled to buenos aires to be attended. in the hospital, tw ...19969284576
[serologic verification of epidemic hemorrhagic fever during the lifting of the blockade in sarajevo].after four years of sarajevo siege, the deblocade started on july 1995. many soldiers involved in the deblocade developed a clinical symptoms of hemorrhagic fever indicating a possible epidemic.19969601761
modes of seoul virus infections: persistency in newborn rats and transiency in adult rats.to understand the mode of persistent infection of seoul virus in rodents, we examined the distribution of the virus genome and antibody production in infected rats. when 1-day-old rats were inoculated with the ki-83-262 strain, the s segment of viral genome was detected in sera, clots, lungs and kidneys from 3 to 184 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) by nested reverse transcriptase pcr. on the other hand, when 7-week-old rats were infected with this virus, viral genome was detected only in the lung ...19969526540
intraocular pressure changes in nephropathia epidemica. a prospective study of 37 patients with acute systemic puumala virus infection.nephropathia epidemica is a zoonose in the group of hemorrhagic fevers with renal syndrome and is caused by puumala virus in hantavirus genus. the purpose of this study is to find out how the intraocular pressure (iop) is affected by the acute phase of this disease and how it relates to the previous case reports on angleclosure glaucoma attacks.19959098282
[clinical aspects and diagnosis of nephropathia epidemica]. 19959244697
[respiratory symptoms in hantavirus infection]. 19959221231
diseases of the pleura.in this review, three aspects of pleural disease are discussed. although it was thought for many years that the origin of pleural fluid was the capillaries in the parietal or visceral pleura, recent evidence suggests that in many cases the origin of pleural fluid is the interstitial space of the lung. the interstitial space of the lung appears to be the source of the pleural fluid in patients who have congestive heart failure, parapneumonic effusions, pulmonary embolism, and lung transplants. th ...19959363070
[the hantaviruses--clinical syndromes]. 19958647549
naturally occurring sin nombre virus genetic reassortants.genetic reassortment has been shown to play an important role in the evolution of several segmented rna viruses and in the epidemiology of associated diseases. sin nombre (sn) virus is the cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome throughout the western united states. like other hantaviruses, it possesses a genome consisting of three negative-sense rna segments, s, m, and l. recent analysis has demonstrated the presence of at least three different hantaviruses in nevada and eastern california, incl ...19958553562
genetic characterization of a new hantavirus detected in microtus arvalis from slovakia.a new hantavirus, called malacky, has been identified in lung tissue specimens of a vole, microtus arvalis, by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the voles were trapped in a geographical area in slovakia where hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) is endemic in the human population. sequence analysis of a major part of the s segment showed this virus to represent a new subtype within tula, a new hantavirus genetic group defined very recently.19958560789
hantaviruses: clinical, microbiologic, and epidemiologic aspects.hantaviruses comprise a genus of the family bunyaviridae. bunyaviruses are enveloped viruses with a negative-sense, tripartite rna genome. hantaviruses are etiologic agents for two acute and severe illnesses of man, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). each hantavirus is primarily associated with a single rodent host species or genus, and is transmitted to man through accidental inhalation or ingestion of virus-contaminated rodent excreta. the dis ...19958561891
genetic variation of wild puumala viruses within the serotype, local rodent populations and individual animal.reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction cloning and sequencing were used to determine the range of s gene/n protein variability in wild puumala virus (puu) strains and to study phylogenetic relationships between two groups of strains which originated from finland and from european russia. analyses of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences showed: (1) all puu strains shared a common ancient ancestor; and (2) the more recent ancestors were different for the finnish branch and th ...19958546008
[various new pathogens in pneumonia].the table summarizes the many newly recognized agents causing lower respiratory tract infections: gram + cocci, streptococcus agalactiae, enterococci; gram-rods, acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, eikenella corrodens; mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to multiple drugs, intracellular organisms and viruses. some details are given in four chapters: pneumococci resistant to penicillin g which must be detected and impose new therapeutic strategies; chlamydia pneumoniae with its difficulties for ...19958525335
clinical features that differentiate hantavirus pulmonary syndrome from three other acute respiratory illnesses.to elucidate the early clinical characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps), we compared the clinical features of 24 cases of hps with those of cases of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (n = 30), influenza (n = 33), or unexplained adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards, n = 21). on admission, patients with hps were less likely than outpatients with influenza to have reported sore throat (or = 0.02, p < .01) and cough (or = 0.1, p = .01) and were less likely than patients with pneu ...19958527558
mild hantaviral disease caused by sin nombre virus in a four-year-old child. 19958786902
production of recombinant hantavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed in silkworm larvae and its use as a diagnostic antigen in detecting antibodies in serum from infected rats.the recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rnp) of hantaan virus was expressed by a baculovirus vector in silkworm hemolymph and was used as an antigen in western blotting (wb). the rnp is expressed in insoluble form in hemolymph; therefore simple washing of the insoluble fraction with phosphate-buffered saline by low-speed centrifugation allowed preparation of purified antigen for wb. the rnp had strain-specific and hantavirus-common epitopes similar to the authentic np antigen of hantavirus and was ...19958746523
serologically verified hantavirus infections in hungary.between 1987 and 1993 the etiological diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) of 55 patients was confirmed using hantavirus-specific serology. the geographical distribution of cases indicated that at least two different territories of hungary are endemic for hantaviruses. these possible natural foci are different from, but overlapping with the region endemic for tick-borne encephalitis virus. patients sera were shown to react differently with reagents prepared from different h ...19958689095
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: clinical, diagnostic, and virologic aspects.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an acute pneumonitis with a high mortality rate that is caused by a newly recognized hantavirus. four corners virus (also known as muerto canyon virus and sin nombre virus) is enzootic among deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). incidental transmission to humans can result in a disease characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory insufficiency, diffuse noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, vascular volume contraction with hemoconcentration, lactic acidosis, depressed ...19958668854
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by the seoul virus.the seoul virus is an important etiologic agent in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs), and infections with the seoul virus are less severe than those with the hantaan virus. however, the information on hfrs caused by the seoul virus is limited in korea. retrospective clinical analysis was done on 30 patients with seoul virus infection who had been diagnosed as having hfrs by clinical features and serologic testing by the plaque reduction neutralization test from 1986 to 1991 at the seo ...19958587622
increased production of nitric oxide in patients infected with the european variant of hantavirus.serum nitrate levels, a measure of nitric oxide (no) production in vivo, were very high (95 +/- 14 microm) in 13 patients infected with puumala virus, the european variant of hantavirus (htv), as compared to those in healthy subjects (33 +/- 3 microm). serum nitrate levels showed a high and significant correlation with scores on the acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (apache ii) scale and with serum creatinine, and an inverse correlation with platelet counts. serial serum measurem ...19958588134
four fatal cases of nephropathia epidemica.four serologically confirmed fatal cases of nephropathia epidemica (ne), the mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) are described. all the patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation. autopsies revealed hemorrhage and necrotic areas of their pituitary glands, myocarditis, venous congestion and hemorrhage of the kidneys as well as pulmonary edema and hemorrhage of the lungs in all patients. this report provides new evidence that ne can be a fatal disease.19958588146
hantaan virus persistently infects marmoset b-lymphoblastoid cell line.to investigate lymphoid cell hantavirus (hv) interaction, we examined the replication of the hv strains, hantaan 76-118 (htn), sr-11, and b-1 with the b95a, lym-1, cgm1, jm, jurkat, molt-4, at(l)5ky, bw5147, l1210, and vero/e6 cells. hv-growth was determined by immunofluorescence and focus-forming assays. lym-1 and vero/e6 supported the growth of all hv strains, and b95a only htn, while remaining cells did not sustain these strains. this is the first report to indicate the hv-replication in lymp ...19958593305
ultrastructural characteristics of sin nombre virus, causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.a previously unrecognized disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, was described following an outbreak of severe, often lethal, pulmonary illness in the southwestern united states in may-june, 1993. we have now studied the morphologic features of the causative agent, sin nomber virus (snv), by thin section electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy of infected vero e6 cells. snv virions were roughly spherical and had a mean diameter of 112 nm. they had a rather dense envelope and closely a ...19958572935
genetic characterization of a human isolate of puumala hantavirus from france.puu90-13 is a strain of puumala (puu) virus (family bunyaviridae: genus hantavirus) isolated from a human in northeastern france (rollin et al., 1995). this report describes the full-length sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) genomic rnas of puu90-13. the terminal sequences of both the s and m genomic rnas were found to be conserved and imperfectly complementary. the s rna of puu90-13 is 1847 nt in length and contains the nucleocapsid (n) protein gene and a potential overlapping open readi ...19958578865
factors in the emergence of infectious diseases."emerging" infectious diseases can be defined as infections that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. among recent examples are hiv/aids, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, lyme disease, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (a foodborne infection caused by certain strains of escherichia coli). specific factors precipitating disease emergence can be identified in virtually all cases. these include ecological, environmental, or demog ...19958903148
serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute viral disease caused by hantavirus. on the basis of clinical observation, the illness is divided into five sequential stages: febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent. because interleukin-1 (il-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), and interleukin-6 (il-6) are mediators responsible for fever, septic shock, and acute phase protein induction, we examined, using elisa, the presence of these three cytokines in 276 sera collec ...19958825292
genomic characterization of m and s rna segments of hantaviruses isolated from bats.genomic analysis of three hantaan-like virus isolates from bats was performed. cleavage patterns of reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products and nucleotide sequences of g2 region of m rna segment and n protein region of s rna segment of the isolates were compared to that of hantaan 76-118 strain. genomic characteristics of the bat isolates were identical to that of hantaan virus.19958825306
kinin receptor antagonists: unique probes in basic and clinical research.the availability of potent and stable bradykinin antagonists has had a tremendous impact on kinin research. this article reviews the current status of research on kinin antagonists, describes their chemical properties, and delineates recent advances that have occurred with the advent of the second generation of kinin antagonists. the data collected with these antagonists support the assumption that kinins are implicated in inflammation and tissue injury as endogenous agents. their importance, ho ...19958846412
isla vista virus: a genetically novel hantavirus of the california vole microtus californicus.prospect hill virus (ph) was isolated from a meadow vole (microtus pennsylvanicus) in 1982, and much of its genome has been sequenced. hantaviruses of other new world microtine rodents have not been genetically characterized. we show that another microtus species (the california vole m. californicus) from the united states is host to a genetically distinct ph-like hantavirus, isla vista virus (ilv). the nucleocapsid protein of ilv differs from that of ph by 11.1% and a portion of the g2 glycopro ...19958847529
genetic variation in tula hantaviruses: sequence analysis of the s and m segments of strains from central europe.hantavirus carried by the european common vole microtus arvalis from moravia (czech republic) was analyzed by rt-pcr-sequencing and by reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). sequencing of the full-length s segment and the proximal part of the m segment showed that the virus belonged to genotype tula (tul) we discovered earlier in microtus arvalis from central russia. this finding supported the concept of host dependence of hantaviruses. phylogenetic analyses suggested a similar ...19958837887
nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the m and s genome segments of a swedish puumala virus isolate.the swedish puumala (puu) virus strain vindeln 83-l20, isolated from a bank vole trapped in 1983 near vindeln, västerbotten county, sweden, was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. the coding region of the m segment was determined by pcr followed by direct sequencing and the entire s segment was characterized by cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. the genomic organization was found to be very similar to that of other puu virus strains regarding open reading frames, polypeptide si ...19958837894
effect of interferon-alpha and cell differentiation on puumala virus infection in human monocyte/macrophages.pathogenesis of hantavirus infections is poorly understood. puumala virus (puu) is the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, a form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome common in europe. we have studied puu infection in primary human monocyte/macrophages and specifically the role of interferon alpha (ifn-alpha) and cell differentiation in it. puu infection proceeded at a low level in monocyte/macrophages, and nucleocapsid (n) protein accumulation started 2 days postinfection. ifn-induce ...19957831843
fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in an adolescent. 19957838649
identification of a new north american hantavirus that causes acute pulmonary insufficiency.in may 1993, a pulmonary disease syndrome with novel clinical and epidemiologic features was identified in the southwestern united states. healthy young adults developed a febrile prodrome followed by the rapid onset of often lethal acute respiratory distress. although an infectious disease was suspected, intensive investigations initially failed to identify the causative agent. multiple specialized microbiology laboratories at the national center for infectious diseases (centers for disease con ...19957872437
short report: prevalence of hantavirus infection in rodents associated with two fatal human infections in california.rodents living near two fatal human cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in california were surveyed for evidence of hantavirus infection. seventeen (15%) (14 peromyscus maniculatus and one each of p. truei, eutamias minimus, and microtus californicus) of 114 rodents tested had evidence (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or polymerase chain reaction) of hantavirus infection. this suggests that peromyscus mice, and p. maniculatus in particular, may be the reservoir for the virus causing this ne ...19957872450
seroprevalence study of hantavirus antibodies in pima indians with renal disease. 19957876639
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. outbreak of a new disease caused by a new virus.only months after the first report of a brief prodromal illness followed by rapidly progressive noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and death, the causative agent was tentatively identified as a previously unknown hantavirus. although hantaviral infections are well known in asia, none had ever been reported in the united states. a collaborative effort between local, state, regional, and federal authorities allowed rapid identification of a new set of clinical and laboratory findings, now known as the ...19957877921
control of hantavirus in the west. 19957884947
evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents and human beings from connecticut and new york, usa. 19957885165
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is here. 19957885708
prevalence and geographic genetic variation of hantaviruses of new world harvest mice (reithrodontomys): identification of a divergent genotype from a costa rican reithrodontomys mexicanus.we recently described a novel hantavirus (hmv-1) of the western harvest mouse reithrodontomys megalotis. screening of 181 additional specimens of reithrodontomys from the united states and mexico, including samples of r. mexicanus, r. sumichrasti, and r. gracilis of costa rica, for antibodies to hantavirus nucleocapsid protein revealed a widespread enzootic of hantavirus infection. genetic analyses of 7 s genomes of reithrodontomys-associated hantaviruses demonstrated that the enzootic of hmv-1 ...19957886948
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. pathogenesis of an emerging infectious disease.a recent outbreak of a severe pulmonary disease in the southwestern united states was etiologically linked to a previously unrecognized hantavirus. the virus has been isolated from its major reservoir, the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and recently named sin nombre virus. clinically, the disease has become known as the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). since may 1993, 44 fatal cases of hps have been identified through clinicopathological review and immunohistochemical (ihc) testing of t ...19957887439
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states: a pathological description of a disease caused by a new agent.an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease in the southwestern united states has led to the recognition of a new hantaviral illness. this report describes a unique spectrum of antemortem and postmortem pathological findings seen in a case series of nine surviving patients and 13 who died. clinical, laboratory, and autopsy findings were derived from a consecutive series of individuals confirmed to have hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. laboratory studies included chemical, hematological, and bone m ...19957821907
hantavirus nephropathy. 19957474679
[acute, post-transfusion lung injury (trali) and related states]. 19957479263
coexistence of several novel hantaviruses in rodents indigenous to north america.three genetically distinct members of the hantavirus genus have been detected in nevada rodents by rt-pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis. these include sin nombre (sn), el moro canyon (elmc), and prospect hill (ph)-like viruses which are primarily associated with peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), reithrodontomys megalotis (western harvest mouse), and microtus spp. (voles), respectively. although this region of the united states is ecologically diverse, rodents infected with different hantav ...19957483255
[epidemic of hantavirus disease in entre-sambre-et-meuse: year 1992-1993. clinical and biological aspects].a multihospital study allowed us to follow a total of 62 serologically proven cases of nephropathia epidemica (ne) in the belgian region between sambre and meuse during the 1992-1993 period. the clinical picture consisted of sudden high fever (100% of the cases), headache (71%), abdominal or lumbar pains (80%) and, as a less frequent but very specific sign, acute myopia (24%). non-specific respiratory symptoms such as a non-productive cough and an abnormal lung auscultation were found in 1 case ...19957483970
rats and hantavirus disease. 19957489373
comparison of the clinical and serologic diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) and leptospirosis. 19957489781
complete genetic characterization and analysis of isolation of sin nombre virus.this study reports completion of the genetic characterization of the entire genome of sin nombre (sn) virus (nmh10) detected in autopsy tissues from a patient who died of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps). the large (l) genome segment was found to be 6,562 nucleotides in length and encoded a putative l polymerase that was 2,153 amino acids in length. no evidence of segment reassortment with other well-characterized hantaviruses was obtained. the sequence of the entire s, m, and l genome segmen ...19957494336
molecular linkage of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome to the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus: genetic characterization of the m genome of new york virus.the complete m segment sequences of hantaviruses amplified from tissues of a patient with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the northeastern united states and from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, from new york were 99% identical and differed from those of four corners virus by 23%. the serum of this patient failed to recognize a conserved, immunodominant epitope of the four corners virus g1 glycoprotein. collectively, these findings indicate that p. leucopus harbors a genetically and anti ...19957494337
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in canada: update. 19957497393
antigenic relationships of hantavirus strains analysed by monoclonal antibodies.the antigenic relationships among 71 hantavirus strains, isolated from rodent species or humans in several geographic regions, were examined by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) using human patient sera and a panel of 22 monoclonal antibodies prepared against hantaan, seoul, and puumala viruses. the study included virus strains, mainly from the former ussr, for which little or no serological data were available. fifty-nine of the 71 isolates could be placed into five antigenic groups of hantaviruse ...19957503677
coding strategy of the s and m genomic segments of a hantavirus representing a new subtype of the puumala serotype.the hantavirus strain vranica was previously reported to have been isolated from a bank vole in bosnia-hercegovina and associated with the occurrence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hrfs) in humans. the complete cdna nucleotide sequences of the small (s) and medium (m) genomic rna segments of this virus were determined. major open reading frames were found in the s and m segment between nucleotide positions 43 and 1341 coding for a polypeptide of 433 amino acid residues and between nuc ...19957503698
mapping of b-cell determinants in the nucleocapsid protein of puumala virus: definition of epitopes specific for acute immunoglobulin g recognition in humans.the complete amino acid sequence of the puumala (puu) virus nucleocapsid protein (n), deduced from the genome of the prototype strain sotkamo, was synthesized as decapeptides with 5-amino-acid overlaps. by use of the pepscan method, 86 peptides were examined for reactivity with sera from serologically confirmed nephropathia epidemica (ne) patients and 11 puu virus n-specific bank vole monoclonal antibodies. the human sera showed reactivity with several different regions, while only one of the mo ...19957536616
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