Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| rev7/mad2b links c-jun n-terminal protein kinase pathway signaling to activation of the transcription factor elk-1. | the mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases represent one of the most important classes of signaling cascades that are used by eukaryotic cells to sense extracellular signals. one of the major responses to these cascades is a change in cellular gene expression profiles mediated through the direct targeting of transcriptional regulators, such as the transcription factor elk-1. here we have identified human rev7 (hrev7)/mad2b/mad2l2 as an interaction partner for elk-1 and demonstrate that hrev7 ac ... | 2007 | 17296730 |
| revising how the computer program cervus accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. | genotypes are frequently used to identify parentage. such analysis is notoriously vulnerable to genotyping error, and there is ongoing debate regarding how to solve this problem. many scientists have used the computer program cervus to estimate parentage, and have taken advantage of its option to allow for genotyping error. in this study, we show that the likelihood equations used by versions 1.0 and 2.0 of cervus to accommodate genotyping error miscalculate the probability of observing an erron ... | 2007 | 17305863 |
| tamoxifen-induced activation of p21waf1/cip1 gene transcription is mediated by early growth response-1 protein through the jnk and p38 map kinase/elk-1 cascades in mda-mb-361 breast carcinoma cells. | tamoxifen (tam) is a synthetic non-steroidal anti-estrogen compound that is widely used as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treatment and prevention of breast cancer. unfortunately, prolonged treatment with tam causes tam-responsive tumors to become tam resistant through an as-yet-unknown mechanism. to develop novel anti-breast cancer agents that are therapeutically superior to tam, we must first fully understand the biological effects of tam. in this study, we found that tam treatment of ... | 2007 | 17307334 |
| rap1/b-raf signaling is activated in neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive tract and raf kinase inhibition constitutes a putative therapeutic target. | molecular pathogenesis of digestive neuroendocrine tumors (dnets) is largely unknown. recently, the serine-threonine kinase b-raf was identified as an oncogene in endocrine cancer such as thyroid carcinoma. in endocrine cells, the small g-protein rap1 stimulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling by activating b-raf. we examined the expression of rap1 and b-raf in dnets and their contribution to mapk signaling in neuroendocrine cell lines. in addition, we explored the effect of su ... | 2007 | 17341847 |
| mineral deficiencies in tule elk, owens valley, california. | male tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) are susceptible to high rates of antler breakage in owens valley, california. we hypothesized that a mineral deficiency in the diet predisposed male elk to antler breakage. we analyzed elk antler, liver, and forage samples to identify mineral imbalances. we compared the mineral content of livers and antlers from elk in owens valley to samples taken from tule elk at grizzly island wildlife area, a population experiencing normal rates (<5%) of antler breakag ... | 2007 | 17347394 |
| parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand encodes a variant of viral vascular endothelial growth factor. | parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand (pvnz), a species of the parapoxvirus genus, causes scabby lesions on the skin and the velvet of red deer. the three other species of the genus have each been shown to encode homologs of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). we report here that pvnz strain rd86 also encodes a vegf and that the predicted pvnz protein shows only 37-54% amino acid identity to vegfs encoded by the other species of the genus. despite this extensive sequence divergence, ass ... | 2007 | 17109982 |
| platelet-derived growth factor-bb represses smooth muscle cell marker genes via changes in binding of mkl factors and histone deacetylases to their promoters. | a hallmark of smooth muscle cell (smc) phenotypic switching is suppression of smc marker gene expression. although myocardin has been shown to be a key regulator of this process, the role of its related factors, mkl1 and mkl2, in smc phenotypic switching remains unknown. the present studies were aimed at determining if: 1) mkl factors contribute to the expression of smc marker genes in cultured smcs; and 2) platelet-derived growth factor-bb (pdgf-bb)-induced repression of smc marker genes is med ... | 2007 | 16987998 |
| technical note: preorbital gland opening in red deer (cervus elaphus) calves as an indicator of stress. | the opening of the preorbital gland of red deer (cervus elaphus) calves has been previously associated with feeding and satiety. however, it has been suggested to be most likely affected by some other factor or factors, possibly by excitement of the calf. if so, a calf should open its preorbital gland while being exposed to any stressful procedure. the hypothesis was tested that the preorbital gland is closed in a relaxed calf, whereas it is opened in a stressed calf. preorbital opening was obse ... | 2007 | 17040951 |
| tbp is differentially regulated by c-jun n-terminal kinase 1 (jnk1) and jnk2 through elk-1, controlling c-jun expression and cell proliferation. | emerging evidence supports the idea that the c-jun n-terminal kinases (jnks) possess overlapping but distinct functions. the potential roles of the ubiquitously expressed jnk1 and jnk2 in regulating expression of the central transcription initiation factor, tata-binding protein (tbp), were examined. relative to wild-type fibroblasts, tbp was decreased in jnk1(-/-) cells and increased in jnk2(-/-) cells. similarly, reduction of jnk1 in human hepatoma cells decreased tbp expression, whereas reduct ... | 2007 | 17074809 |
| copper and the prion protein: methods, structures, function, and disease. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) arise from conversion of the membrane-bound prion protein from prp(c) to prp(sc). examples of the tses include mad cow disease, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, scrapie in goats and sheep, and kuru and creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans. although the precise function of prp(c) in healthy tissues is not known, recent research demonstrates that it binds cu(ii) in an unusual and highly conserved region of the protein termed the octarepea ... | 2007 | 17076634 |
| sperm characteristics and dna integrity of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal spermatozoa frozen in the presence of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. | the main goal of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants on cryopreservation injuries to red deer epididymal spermatozoa. in experiment 1, the effects on sperm freezability of the enzymatic antioxidants catalase, superoxide dismutase, and a combination thereof were studied. in experiment 2, sperm cryoresistance was evaluated when different nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as vitamin e, vitamin c, and butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), ... | 2007 | 17079744 |
| mek1/2 inhibition attenuates vascular eta and etb receptor alterations after cerebral ischaemia. | cerebral ischaemia is associated with elevated levels of endothelin b (etb) receptors in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (mca). this up-regulation of et receptors occurs via de novo transcription involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk). the aim of this study was to examine the effect of inhibition of the map kinase/erk kinase (mek)1/2 on et receptor alteration, brain damage, and neurology in experimental cerebral ischaemia. transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) was ... | 2007 | 17091294 |
| sequential decision-making in a variable environment: modeling elk movement in yellowstone national park as a dynamic game. | we develop a suite of models with varying complexity to predict elk movement behavior during the winter on the northern range of yellowstone national park (ynp). the models range from a simple representation of optimal patch choice to a dynamic game, and we show how the underlying theory in each is related by the presence or absence of state- and frequency-dependence. we compare predictions from each of the models for three variables that are of basic and applied interest: elk survival, aggregat ... | 2007 | 17109906 |
| ethanol-induced modulation of hepatocellular extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activity via 4-hydroxynonenal. | modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk-1/2), a signaling pathway directly associated with cell proliferation, survival, and homeostasis, has been implicated in several pathologies, including alcoholic liver disease. however, the underlying mechanism of ethanol-induced erk-1/2 modulation remains unknown. this investigation explored the effects of ethanol-associated oxidative stress on constitutive hepatic erk-1/2 activity and assessed the contribution of the lipid peroxidat ... | 2007 | 17107949 |
| chronic wasting disease. | until recently, chronic wasting disease of cervids, the only prion disease affecting wildlife, was believed to be geographically concentrated to colorado and wyoming within the united states. however, increased surveillance has unveiled several additional pockets of cwd-infected deer and elk in 12 additional states and 2 canadian provinces. deer and elk with cwd have extensive aggregates of prp(sc) not only in the central nervous system, but also in peripheral lymphoid tissues, skeletal muscle, ... | 2007 | 17223321 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in the developing antler of red deer cervus elaphus. | understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying bone development is a fundamental and fascinating problem in developmental biology, with significant medical implications. here, we have identified the expression patterns for 36 genes that were characteristic or dominant in the consecutive cell differentiation zones (mesenchyme, precartilage, cartilage) of the tip section of the developing velvet antler of red deer cervus elaphus. two major functional groups of these genes clearly outlined: six ... | 2007 | 17131158 |
| molecular phylogeny of the filaria genus onchocerca with special emphasis on afrotropical human and bovine parasites. | filarial parasites of the genus onchocerca are found in a broad spectrum of ungulate hosts. one species, o. volvulus, is a human parasite that can cause severe disease (onchocerciasis or 'river blindness'). the phylogenetic relationships and the bionomics of many of the nearly 30 known species remain dubious. here, the phylogeny of 11 species representing most major lineages of the genus is investigated by analysing dna sequences from three mitochondrial genes (nd5, 12s and 16s rrna) and portion ... | 2007 | 17174932 |
| transmission and adaptation of chronic wasting disease to hamsters and transgenic mice: evidence for strains. | in vitro screening using the cell-free prion protein conversion system indicated that certain rodents may be susceptible to chronic wasting disease (cwd). therefore, cwd isolates from mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk were inoculated intracerebrally into various rodent species to assess the rodents' susceptibility and to develop new rodent models of cwd. the species inoculated were syrian golden, djungarian, chinese, siberian, and armenian hamsters, transgenic mice expressing the syrian gold ... | 2007 | 17287284 |
| novel aspects of prions, their receptor molecules, and innovative approaches for tse therapy. | 1. prion diseases are a group of rare, fatal neurodegenerative diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses), that affect both animals and humans and include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) in cattle, scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk, and creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans. tses are usually rapidly progressive and clinical symptoms comprise dementia and loss of movement coordination due to the accumulation of an abnormal iso ... | 2007 | 17151946 |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) and the inhibition of hepatocyte erk-est-like protein-1-activating protein-1 signal transduction. | 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-hne) is a major lipid peroxidation (lpo) product formed during oxidative stress. 4-hne is highly reactive toward cellular nucleophiles and is implicated in the evolution of numerous pathologies associated with oxidative stress and lpo. recent evidence suggests that chronic prooxidant exposure results in the loss of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk)-1/2 phosphorylation in vivo, a signaling pathway associated with cellular proliferation, survival, and homeostasis. ... | 2007 | 17164404 |
| multiple repressor pathways contribute to phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells. | smooth muscle cell (smc) differentiation is an essential component of vascular development and these cells perform biosynthetic, proliferative, and contractile roles in the vessel wall. smcs are not terminally differentiated and possess the ability to modulate their phenotype in response to changing local environmental cues. the focus of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in controlling phenotypic switching of smc with particu ... | 2007 | 16956962 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in non-carnivorous wildlife from spain. | serum samples from 1034 non-carnivorous wildlife from spain were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum by competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). high agreement was observed between results in both techniques (kappa value higher than 0.9). prevalences of n. caninum antibodies positive by both techniques were 11.8% of 237 red deer (cervus elaphus), 7.7% of 13 barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), 6.1% of 33 ro ... | 2007 | 16962706 |
| sef-s, an alternative splice isoform of sef gene, inhibits nih3t3 cell proliferation via a mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44 (erk1/2)-independent mechanism. | sef (similar expression to fgf genes) was recently identified as a negative regulator of fibroblast growth factor (fgf) signaling in zebrafish, chicken, mouse and human. by repressing events upstream and/or downstream ras, sef inhibits fgf-induced erk activation and cell proliferation. here we report that sef-s, an alternative splice isoform of sef, lacks a signal peptide and is localized in cytosol. sef-s inhibits fgf-induced nih3t3 cell proliferation, a similar function to sef. however, sef-s ... | 2007 | 16857343 |
| body weight, early growth and antler size influence antler bone mineral composition of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | researchers have devoted little attention to the possibility that the chemical composition of bone might be variable under normal nutrition conditions. this study assessed antler bone composition of 25 one-year old deer (spikes). antler content of ash, ca, p, k, na, mg, fe and zn was assessed in base and tine, and the mean composition or the difference in composition between tine and base was used to explain variability in antler length, weight and perimeter. in turn, mean composition and differ ... | 2007 | 16949898 |
| molecular detection and characterization of piroplasms infecting cervids and chamois in northern spain. | wildlife can act as reservoir of different tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance. to investigate the role of wild ruminants as reservoir of piroplasm infection, 28 red deer, 69 roe deer and 38 chamois from northern spain were examined by reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the survey detected a prevalence of 85.7% in red deer, 62.3% in roe deer and 28.9% in chamois. four different piroplasms were identified: theileria sp. ot3 (previously described in sheep) as the most pr ... | 2007 | 17076924 |
| brief review on the epidemiology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse). | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse) form a group of human and animal diseases that share common features such as (a) distinct pathological lesions in the central nervous system, (b) transmissibility at least in experimental settings, and (c) a long incubation period. considerable differences exist in the host range of individual tses, their routes of transmission, and factors influencing the host susceptibility (such as genotype). the objective of this review was to briefly describe ... | 2007 | 17126962 |
| effects of a pomegranate fruit extract rich in punicalagin on oxidation-sensitive genes and enos activity at sites of perturbed shear stress and atherogenesis. | atherosclerosis is enhanced in arterial segments exposed to disturbed flow. perturbed shear stress increases the expression of oxidation-sensitive responsive genes (such as elk-1 and p-creb). polyphenolic antioxidants contained in the juice derived from the pomegranate contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and atherogenesis during disturbed shear stress. | 2007 | 17014835 |
| tumor suppressor activity of glucocorticoid receptor in the prostate. | glucocorticoids are extensively used in combination chemotherapy of advanced prostate cancer (pc). little is known, however, about the status of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) in pc. we evaluated over 200 prostate samples and determined that gr expression was strongly decreased or absent in 70-85% of pc. similar to pc tumors, some pc cell lines, including lncap, also lack gr. to understand the role of gr, we reconstituted its expression in lncap cells using lentiviral approach. treatment of ln ... | 2007 | 17016446 |
| the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna (bassi 1875) in cervids in the czech republic and potential of its spreading to germany. | the giant liver fluke fascioloides magna is an important parasite of cervids in europe. from september 2003 to december 2005, faecal samples and livers of red deer (cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (dama dama) were investigated to determine the current distribution of the fluke in the czech republic. faecal samples were collected from 20 different areas, and livers of hunted deer were dissected from each locality to confirm f. magna infection. the prevalence of f. magna in examined areas determin ... | 2007 | 17016724 |
| regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by glutamate receptors. | glutamate receptors regulate gene expression in neurons by activating intracellular signaling cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the nucleus. the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade is one of the best characterized cascades in this regulatory process. the ca(2+)-permeable ionotropic glutamate receptor, mainly the nmda receptor subtype, activates mapks through a biochemical route involving the ca(2+)-sensitive ras-guanine nucleotide releasing factor, ca(2+)/calmo ... | 2007 | 17018022 |
| bovine tuberculosis infection in wild mammals in the south-west region of england: a survey of prevalence and a semi-quantitative assessment of the relative risks to cattle. | in the united kingdom, badgers are implicated in the transmission of mycobacterium bovis to cattle, but little information is available on the potential role of other wild mammals. this paper presents the results of the largest systematic uk survey of m. bovis infection in other wild mammals. mammal carcasses (4715) from throughout the south-west region of england were subjected to a systematic post mortem examination, microbiological culture of tissues and spoligotyping of isolates. infection w ... | 2007 | 16434219 |
| influence of hunting-season stage and ripening conditions on nitrogen fractions and degradation of myofibrillar proteins in venison (cervus elaphus) chorizo sausages. | the influence of hunting-season stage (deer hunted at the start versus deer hunted at the end of the season) and ripening conditions (natural versus controlled drying rooms) on nitrogen fractions and degradation of myofibrillar proteins were studied in chorizo sausages made with venison. variations of nitrogen fractions during 21 days of ripening were found. in all batches, myofibrillar protein content decreased and proteolysis indices were between 4.6% and 14.4% at the end of ripening. however, ... | 2007 | 22064193 |
| identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) using polymerase chain reaction targeting specific sequences from the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene was applied to the specific identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus). the use of a common reverse primer, together with forward specific primers for red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer, allowed the selective amplification of the desired cervid sequences. the specificity of each primer pair was verified by pcr analysi ... | 2007 | 22064291 |
| distribution of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in selected species of protected and game mammals from north-eastern poland. | cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. are wide-spread pathogens of humans and many species of mammals. the ways of transmission are very complex and difficult to define. both parasites occur in similar environments and share a broad host range. however, in poland there is still little known about the epidemiology of these parasites due to the paucity of data on human cases and only few studies in wildlife. the aim of our study was to determine the distribution of two intestinal protozoa in a few ... | 2007 | 18247463 |
| epidemiology of an outbreak of chronic wasting disease on elk farms in saskatchewan. | an outbreak of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in farmed elk in saskatchewan from 1996 to 2002 was reviewed to 1, determine the progression of cwd from infection to death in farmed elk; 2, assess animal risk factors for cwd infection in farmed elk; 3, assess farm management and exposure risk factors for within herd cwd transmission; and 4, assess the suitability of the canadian food inspection agency's (cfia) current disease control policy for cwd in light of the findings. the results from animal ... | 2007 | 18189044 |
| a tat-def-elk-1 peptide regulates the cytonuclear trafficking of elk-1 and controls cytoskeleton dynamics. | the transcription factor elk-1 plays a key role in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. this role is thought to arise from its phosphorylation by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks), a critical posttranslational event for the transcriptional activity of the ternary complex composed of elk-1 and a dimer of serum response factor (srf) at the serum response element (sre) regulatory site of transcription. in addition to its nuclear localization, elk-1 is found in th ... | 2007 | 18160653 |
| testing sexual segregation and aggregation: old ways are best. | the study of sexual segregation has received increasing attention over the last two decades. several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the existence of sexual segregation, such as the "predation risk hypothesis," the "forage selection hypothesis," and the "activity budget hypothesis." testing which hypothesis drives sexual segregation is hampered, however, by the lack of consensus regarding a formal measurement of sexual segregation. by using a derivation of the well-known chi-square (her ... | 2007 | 18229854 |
| expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-i in four parts of the red deer antler. | the expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) in the four parts (tip, upper, mid and base) of the red deer antler has been extensively investigated. we used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real time rt-pcr), in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques to localize igf-i messenger ribonucleic acid (mrna) and igf-i peptide in the four parts of the antler. the ... | 2007 | 18092234 |
| optimizing the logistics of anaerobic digestion of manure. | electrical power production from the combustion of biogas from anaerobic digestion (ad) of manure is a means of recovering energy from animal waste. we evaluate the lowest cost method of moving material to and from centralized ad plants serving multiple confined feeding operations. two areas are modeled, lethbridge county, alberta, canada, an area of concentrated beef cattle feedlots, and red deer county, alberta, a mixed-farming area with hog, dairy, chicken and beef cattle farms, and feedlots. ... | 2007 | 18478421 |
| using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition of herbivores: a novel mathematical approach. | n-alkanes are long-chain saturated hydrocarbons occurring in plant cuticles that can be used as chemical markers for estimating the diet composition of herbivores. an important constraint of using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition with currently employed mathematical procedures is that the number of markers must be equal or larger than the number of diet components. this is a considerable limitation when dealing with free-ranging herbivores feeding on complex plant communities. we present a ... | 2007 | 22444217 |
| shapes of differential pulse voltammograms and level of metallothionein at different animal species. | metallothioneins play a key role in maintaining homeostasis of essential metalsand in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as oxidative damaging. exceptinghumans, blood levels of metallothionein have not yet been reported from any animalspecies. blood plasma samples of 9 animal species were analysed by the adsorptive transferstripping technique to obtain species specific voltammograms. quite distinct records wereobtained from the takin (budorcas taxicolor), while other interesting ... | 2007 | 28903235 |
| roles of map kinases in the regulation of bone matrix gene expressions in human osteoblasts by oscillatory fluid flow. | we investigated the effects of oscillatory flow in regulating the gene expressions of type i collagen (col1, the main component of human bone tissues) and osteopontin (opn, the key gene for calcium deposition) in human osteoblast-like (mg-63) cells, and the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) in this regulation. the cells were subjected to oscillatory flow (0.5 +/- 4 dyn/cm(2)) or kept under static condition for various time periods (15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 16 h). ... | 2006 | 16440309 |
| efficacy of in-feed-administered ivermectin on elaphostrongylus cervi first-stage excretion in red deer (cervus elaphus). | 2006 | 16331471 | |
| wild boar and red deer display high prevalences of tuberculosis-like lesions in spain. | we describe the distribution of tuberculosis-like lesions (tbl) in wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in spain. animals with tbl were confirmed in 84.21% of mixed populations (n=57) of red deer and wild boar and in 75% of populations of wild boar alone (n=8) in central and southern spain (core area). the prevalence of tbl declined towards the periphery of this region. in the core area, the prevalence ranged up to 100% in local populations of wild boar (mean estate prevalence 42 ... | 2006 | 16336928 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from spain. | serum samples from 441 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of spain were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii (mat 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other spani ... | 2006 | 16359801 |
| pkcalpha expression regulated by elk-1 and mzf-1 in human hcc cells. | our previous study found that pkcalpha was highly expressed in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells and associated with cell migration and invasion. in this study, we further investigated the gene regulation of this enzyme. we showed that pkcalpha expression enhancement in the poor-differentiated human hcc cells was found neither by dna amplification nor by increasing mrna stability using differential pcr and mrna decay assays. after screening seven transcription factors in the putative cis-a ... | 2006 | 16297876 |
| food chain transfer of selenium in lentic and lotic habitats of a western canadian watershed. | selenium (se) is an essential micronutrient, exhibiting a narrow margin between nutritionally optimal and potentially toxic concentrations. egg-laying vertebrates at the top of aquatic food chains are most at risk in environments with elevated aqueous se concentrations. the elk river watershed in british columbia, canada receives effluents containing se from five coal mine operations. this study tested three hypotheses that might account for higher se concentrations in fish from lentic compared ... | 2006 | 16271761 |
| erk and jnk signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in human prostate cancer pc-3 cells. | many isothiocyanates (itcs) such as sulforaphane (sfn), phenethyl isothiocyanate (peitc) and allyl isothiocyanate (aitc) are highly effectively in chemoprevention or reduction of the risk of cancer and possess antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. the activator protein 1 (ap-1) and mapk signaling pathways are believed to play an important role in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy due to their involvement in tumor cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis and survival. in the present study ... | 2006 | 16272172 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. sera from 556 animals, from 13 czech and slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: eurasian wolf (canis lupus lupus), maned ... | 2006 | 16387445 |
| hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (hrs) interacts with pelp1 and activates mapk. | pelp1 (proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1) (also known as the modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor) plays a role in genomic functions of the estrogen receptor via histone interactions and in nongenomic functions via its influence on the mapk-src pathway. however, recent studies have shown that differential compartmentalization of pelp1 could play a crucial role in modulating the status of nongenomic signaling by using molecular mechanisms that remain poorly und ... | 2006 | 16352611 |
| tuberculosis in ruminants: characteristics of intra-tonsilar mycobacterium bovis infection models in cattle and deer. | mycobacterium bovis infection produces tubercular lymphadenitis in the head lymphatics of cattle and deer, in addition to pulmonary disease. a low-dose intra-tonsilar infection model that establishes tuberculosis (tb) lymphadenitis in cattle and deer is characterised in this study. intra-tonsilar infection of red deer (500 cfus of m. bovis) was monitored longitudinally at 6-week intervals over a period of 23 weeks. lesion characteristics, bacteriological and immunological parameters were assesse ... | 2006 | 16337832 |
| alteration of activator protein 1 dna binding activity in gentamicin-induced hair cell degeneration. | sensorineural hearing loss is often associated with damage of cochlear hair cells and/or of the neurons of the auditory pathway. this damage can result from a variety of causes, e.g. genetic disorders, aging, exposure to certain drugs such as aminoglycosides, infectious disease and intense sound overexposure. intracellular events that mediate aspects of aminoglycoside-mediated damage to hair cells have been partially unraveled. several independent research groups have demonstrated a crucial role ... | 2006 | 16338090 |
| polymorphism of the growth hormone gene of red deer (cervus elaphus). | in mammals, pituitary growth hormone (gh) is usually encoded by a single gene, but in some caprine ruminants there are two gh genes, and higher primates have a cluster of at least 5 gh-like genes. we have previously shown that in several artiodactyls (chevrotain, giraffe, and hippopotamus) there are two gh gene sequences, differing by 5-21 nucleotides (nt), but whether these arise from two distinct gene loci is unclear. we report here that in the red deer (cervus elaphus) also there are two main ... | 2006 | 16356499 |
| compensatory extension of gestation length with advance of conception in red deer (cervus elaphus). | calving date in many mammals is matched to the time of greatest food availability. out of season calving results in heavy penalties in terms of own and offspring survival or body condition. this study examined whether gestation length is affected by advancing fertilisation. thirty-six red deer hinds (of the iberian and scottish subspecies) were subjected to a synchronisation treatment of oestrus, ovulation, and artificial insemination on three dates, with remaining non-pregnant females mated wit ... | 2006 | 16358278 |
| factors influencing farmers' concerns regarding bovine tuberculosis in wildlife and livestock around riding mountain national park. | despite intensive efforts over the last century to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (tb) in north america, several hotspots of infected wildlife and livestock remain, raising concerns that the disease will never be eradicated. the stress and frustration for a farmer caused by having a herd test positive for tb or living in an infected region can be substantial. the goal of this study was to investigate the concerns of farmers around riding mountain national park (rmnp) regarding the presence of tb ... | 2006 | 16359775 |
| chronic wasting disease of elk and deer and creutzfeldt-jakob disease: comparative analysis of the scrapie prion protein. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible prion disease that affects elk and deer, poses new challenges to animal and human health. although the transmission of cwd to humans has not been proven, it remains a possibility. if this were to occur, it is important to know whether the "acquired" human prion disease would show a phenotype including the scrapie prion protein (prp(sc)) features that differ from those associated with human sporadic prion disease. in this study, we have compared the ... | 2006 | 16338930 |
| surveillance for prion disease in cervids, germany. | an active survey on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies was performed from 2002 to 2005 on 4,255 roe deer, 1,445 red deer, and 1,604 fallow deer in germany. all cervids tested negative. this survey has been the largest in european wildlife and provides no evidence of prion diseases in free-living german cervids. | 2006 | 16494763 |
| identification of inhibitors of the kinase activity of oncogenic v600e braf in an enzyme cascade high-throughput screen. | the cancer genome project has identified several oncogenic mutations in braf that represent important opportunities for cancer drug discovery. the v600e braf mutation accounts for approximately 90% of the mutations identified. a strong case has emerged from molecular, cellular, and structural studies for the identification and development of inhibitors of this mutated braf protein. the authors have developed and run a high-throughput screen to find inhibitors of v600e braf using an enzyme cascad ... | 2006 | 16361694 |
| the p38 transduction pathway in prostatic neoplasia. | it has been proposed that, among other cellular responses, tnf-alpha induces not only cell death, but also cell proliferation by activation of p38. it has also been reported that il-1-alpha favours cell proliferation by p38 activation. the aim of the present study was to evaluate upstream (alpha-pak, mek-6) and downstream (elk-1 and atf-2) components of the p38 transduction pathway in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph), and prostate carcinoma (pc). immunohistochemical and wester ... | 2006 | 16369914 |
| wildlife reservoirs for bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) in canada: strategies for management and research. | in canada, there are two known regional foci where wildlife populations are infected with bovine tuberculosis (mycobacterium bovis) and considered to be disease reservoirs. free-ranging populations of wood bison (bison bison athabascae) in and around wood buffalo national park (wbnp) and wapiti (cervus elaphus manitobensis) in and around riding mountain national park (rmnp) are infected with bovine tuberculosis. in this paper, we provide an overview of these diseased wild ungulate populations an ... | 2006 | 16343817 |
| inhibition of protease-resistant prion protein formation in a transformed deer cell line infected with chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is an emerging transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of north american cervids, i.e., mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk (wapiti). to facilitate in vitro studies of cwd, we have developed a transformed deer cell line that is persistently infected with cwd. primary cultures derived from uninfected mule deer brain tissue were transformed by transfection with a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 genome. a transformed cell line (mdb) was exposed ... | 2006 | 16378962 |
| using dna microarrays to identify library-independent markers for bacterial source tracking. | bacterial source tracking is used to apportion fecal pollution among putative sources. within this context, library-independent markers are genetic or phenotypic traits that can be used to identify the host origin without a need for library-dependent classification functions. the objective of this project was to use mixed-genome enterococcus microarrays to identify library-independent markers. separate shotgun libraries were prepared for five host groups (cow, dog, elk/deer, human, and waterfowl ... | 2006 | 16517630 |
| merlin inhibits growth hormone-regulated raf-erks pathways by binding to grb2 protein. | numerous studies have suggested that the nf2 protein merlin is involved in the regulation of abnormal cell growth and proliferation. in this study, to better understand the merlin's mechanisms that contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis, we examined the potential action of merlin on the cell proliferative signaling pathways in response to growth hormone (gh). merlin effectively attenuated the gh-induced serum response element (sre) and elk-1-mediated transcriptional activation, as well as ... | 2006 | 16405865 |
| evidence for an increased geographical distribution of dermacentor reticulatus in germany and detection of rickettsia sp. rpa4. | two studies were performed to elucidate the current distribution of the tick dermacentor reticulatus in germany. in the first one in 2003, a total of 365 dogs from 171 sites in the states of berlin and brandenburg was screened for ticks, and the corresponding outdoor sites that the dogs usually visited were searched for host-seeking ticks by the flagging method. a total of 1155 ticks was removed from the dogs. the majority were ixodes ricinus (88.5%), followed by d. reticulatus (9.1%) and i. hex ... | 2006 | 16524777 |
| intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in farmed red deer. | to determine whether intra-uterine transmission of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) occurs in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) in new zealand. | 2006 | 16528389 |
| effect of advancing births on testosterone until 2.5 years of age and puberty in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | this study aimed to determine the age of attainment of puberty, as well as the pattern of reproductive seasonality in males of iberian red deer and the relationship of these factors with antler development. a second aim was to examine the effect of the advance of births on the variables mentioned. fourteen males of iberian deer were used, five of them born 2.5 months before the others (early group). male deer were blood sampled from birth until 2.5 years of age to assess the time course of plasm ... | 2006 | 16406397 |
| ndrg4 enhances ngf-induced erk activation uncoupled with elk-1 activation. | ndrg4 is expressed predominantly in the early postnatal rat brain and may be related to neural cell differentiation. pc12 cell lines stably expressing increased levels of ndrg4 protein display enhanced ngf-induced phosphorylation of mek and erk. in contrast, the ndrg4-c2-overexpressed pc12 cell lines showed attenuated ngf-promoted phosphorylation of elk-1, which is a nuclear target of erk. a reporter assay also indicated that ndrg4-c2 suppresses elk-1-mediated transcriptional activation and sre ... | 2006 | 16408304 |
| region-directed phototransfection reveals the functional significance of a dendritically synthesized transcription factor. | multiple nuclear transcription factors including e-26-like protein 1 (elk-1) have been found in neuronal dendrites, yet the functional significance of such localization has not yet been explained. here we use a focal transfection procedure, 'phototransfection', to introduce elk1 mrna into specific regions of live, intact primary rat neurons. introduction and translation of elk1 mrna in dendrites produced cell death, whereas introduction and translation of elk1 mrna in cell bodies did not produce ... | 2006 | 16721379 |
| functional significance of the sperm head morphometric size and shape for determining freezability in iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal sperm samples. | in the present study, computer-automated sperm head morphometry of epididymal samples was used to determine if sperm head area and shape are useful measurements for separating "good" and "bad" iberian red deer freezers. a microscope slide was prepared from single diluted sperm fresh samples collected from 38 mature stags. slides were air-dried and stained with hemacolor. the sperm head area and shape (length/width) for a minimum of 145 sperm heads were determined for each male by means of the sp ... | 2006 | 16728722 |
| short- and longer-term effects of fire and herbivory on sagebrush communities in south-central montana. | to better understand the role of herbivory and fire as potential disturbance processes in sagebrush communities, we examined responses of a grazing ungulate, elk (cervus elaphus), following prescribed burning of sagebrush (artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) in south-central montana (usa.) with concurrent monitoring of changes in plant production, nutritional quality, and community diversity from 1989-1999. burning transformed low-diversity, sagebrush-dominated communities into high-diversity, g ... | 2006 | 16736297 |
| seasonal and lactational changes in mineral composition of milk from iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus). | milk minerals are important for calf growth, and they have other roles as well, such as immune regulation. this 2-yr study examined content of ca, p, mg, na, k, fe, and zn in milk of 54 iberian red deer hinds through 18 wk of lactation. mean mineral composition of fresh milk was ash = 1.168 +/- 0.007%, ca = 2,330 +/- 20 mg/kg, p = 640 +/- 10 mg/kg, k = 1,100 +/- 10 mg/kg, na = 385 +/- 3 mg/kg, mg = 138 +/- 1 mg/kg, zn = 12.5 +/- 0.2 mg/kg, and fe = 0.65 +/- 0.03 mg/kg. all minerals except mg var ... | 2006 | 16428628 |
| prions in skeletal muscles of deer with chronic wasting disease. | the emergence of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk in an increasingly wide geographic area, as well as the interspecies transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans in the form of variant creutzfeldt jakob disease, have raised concerns about the zoonotic potential of cwd. because meat consumption is the most likely means of exposure, it is important to determine whether skeletal muscle of diseased cervids contains prion infectivity. here bioassays in transgenic mice exp ... | 2006 | 16439622 |
| rin1 regulates insulin receptor signal transduction pathways. | rin1 is a multifunctional protein containing several domains, including ras binding and rab5 gef domains. the role of rin1 in insulin receptor internalization and signaling was examined by expressing rin1 and deletion mutants in cells utilizing a retrovirus system. here, we show that insulin-receptor-mediated endocystosis and fluid phase insulin-stimulated endocytosis are enhanced in cells expressing the rin1:wild type and the rin1:c deletion mutant, which contain both the rab5-gef and gtp-bound ... | 2006 | 16457816 |
| endotoxin-induced down-regulation of elk-3 facilitates heme oxygenase-1 induction in macrophages. | heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme that is acutely induced by inflammatory stimuli, and the products of ho-1-mediated heme degradation have anti-inflammatory properties. in many different pathophysiologic states, the up-regulation of ho-1 has been shown to be beneficial in combating the detrimental consequences of increased inflammation. ets transcription factors are known to be important mediators of inflammatory responses, and the ternary complex factor subfamily of ets protein ... | 2006 | 16456000 |
| ataxin 10 induces neuritogenesis via interaction with g-protein beta2 subunit. | spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (sca10) is a dominantly inherited disorder caused by an intronic attct pentanucleotide repeat expansion. the atxn10 gene encodes a novel protein, ataxin 10, known previously as e46l, which is widely expressed in the brain. ataxin 10 deficiency has been shown recently to cause increased apoptosis in primary cerebellar cultures, thus implicated in sca10 pathogenesis. the biologic functions of ataxin 10 remain largely unknown. by using yeast-two-hybrid screening of a ... | 2006 | 16498633 |
| increased effect of harsh climate in red deer with a poor set of teeth. | teeth are vital for mammal performance and especially in ungulates relying on mechanical decomposition of plant material for effective microbial digestion and energy uptake. the main focus of the role of teeth in ungulate life histories has been on tooth wear, while no one has addressed to what extent deviation from the natural set of teeth (maldentition) causes variation in individual fitness components. based on mandibles from 41,066 individual red deer (cervus elaphus l.) collected from 1969 ... | 2006 | 16341894 |
| serum response factor, its cofactors, and epithelial-mesenchymal signaling in urinary bladder smooth muscle formation. | little is known about the mechanism of bladder smooth muscle differentiation. we hypothesize that epithelial-mesenchymal signaling induces the expression of smooth muscle proteins in bladder mesenchyme resulting in smooth muscle differentiation. we confirmed that smooth muscle differentiation in the mouse urinary bladder occurs first at gestational day 14 (e14) based upon immunohistochemical localization of smooth muscle alpha-actin (smaa). to investigate murine bladder smooth muscle differentia ... | 2006 | 16466398 |
| amyloid formation by recombinant full-length prion proteins in phospholipid bicelle solutions. | a soluble, oligomeric beta-sheet-rich conformational variant of recombinant full-length prion protein, prp beta, was generated that aggregates into amyloid fibrils, prp betaf. these fibrils have physico-chemical and structural properties closely similar to those of pathogenic prp sc in scrapie-associated fibrils and prion rods, including a closely similar proteinase k digestion pattern and congo red birefringence. the conformational transition from prp c to prp beta occurs at ph 5.0 in bicellar ... | 2006 | 16466741 |
| p38 map kinase mediates transforming growth factor-beta2 transcription in human keloid fibroblasts. | keloids are abnormal fibrous growths of the dermis that develop only in response to wounding and represent a form of benign skin tumor. previous studies have shown increased protein levels of tgf-beta in keloid tissue, suggesting a strong association with keloid formation leading us to examine mechanisms for why it is more highly expressed in keloids. here, we use serum stimulation as an in vitro model to mimic a component of the wound microenvironment and examine differential gene expression in ... | 2006 | 16467496 |
| pim-1 kinase inhibits the activation of reporter gene expression in elk-1 and c-fos reporting systems but not the endogenous gene expression: an artifact of the reporter gene assay by transient co-transfection. | we have studied the molecular mechanism and signal transduction of pim-1, an oncogene encoding a serine-threonine kinase. this is a true oncogene which prolongs survival and inhibits apoptosis of hematopoietic cells. in order to determine whether the effects of pim-1 occur by regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, we used a transcriptional reporter assay by transient co-transfection as a screening method. in this study, we found that pim-1 inhibited the elk-1 and nfkappab tr ... | 2006 | 16470303 |
| pcr-rflp authentication of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). | pcr-rflp analysis has been applied to the identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), cattle (bos taurus), sheep (ovis aries), and goat (capra hircus). pcr amplification was carried out using a set of primers flanking a conserved region of approximately 712 base pairs from the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. restriction site analysis based on sequence data from this dna fragment permitted the selection of msei, mboii, bsli, and ap ... | 2006 | 16478229 |
| apc inhibits erk pathway activation and cellular proliferation induced by ras. | inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (apc), and activating mutations in ras, occur in a majority of colorectal carcinomas. however, the relationship between these changes and tumorigenesis is poorly understood. ras-induced activation of the erk pathway was reduced by overexpressing apc in dld-1 colorectal cancer cells. erk activity was increased by cre-virus-induced apc knockout in primary apc(flox/flox) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, indicating that apc inhibits erk activ ... | 2006 | 16478791 |
| cholecystokinin 1 receptor modulates the mekk1-induced c-jun trans-activation: structural requirements of the receptor. | in cells overexpressing active mekk1 to enhance c-jun trans-activation, expression of rat cholecystokinin 1 receptor increased the activity of c-jun while in the same experimental conditions overexpression of mouse cholecystokinin 1 receptor repressed it. this differential trans-activation is specific, since it was not observed for either the other overexpressed kinases (mek, pka) or for other transcription factors (atf2, elk-1, creb). this differential behaviour was also detected in a human col ... | 2006 | 16491099 |
| transcriptional dysregulation in down syndrome: predictions for altered protein complex stoichiometries and post-translational modifications, and consequences for learning/behavior genes elk, creb, and the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. | the phenotype of down syndrome, trisomy of chromosome 21, is hypothesized to be produced by the increased expression due to gene dosage of normal chromosome 21 genes. chromosome 21 encodes a number of proteins that, based on experimental evidence or domain composition, are classed as transcription factors or their co-regulators. other chromosome 21 proteins contribute to post-translational modification of transcription factors, including their phosphorylation, dephosphorylation and sumoylation. ... | 2006 | 16502135 |
| up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate is mediated by the transcription factors ets-like protein-1 (elk-1) and egr-1. | tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene is regulated at the transcriptional level by extracellular signalling molecules, including epidermal growth factor (egf), nerve growth factor (ngf) and glucocorticoids. we have analysed the stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by the phorbol ester 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa) in noradrenergic locus coeruleus-like cath.a cells and obse ... | 2006 | 16515541 |
| the bash/blnk/slp-65-associated protein bnas1 regulates antigen-receptor signal transmission in b cells. | bash/blnk/slp-65 is an adaptor protein necessary for the b cell receptor (bcr) signal transduction. here we report the identification through the yeast two-hybrid system of a novel 26-kda protein, bash n-terminus-associated protein 1 (bnas1), which interacts with the conserved and functionally important n-terminal domain of bash/blnk/slp-65. bnas1 presumably contains four transmembrane domains and the leucine zipper (lz) motif, and is expressed ubiquitously. the association of bnas1 with bash/bl ... | 2006 | 16481341 |
| a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-regulated akt-independent signaling promotes cigarette smoke-induced fra-1 expression. | the fra-1 proto-oncogene is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors and is known to up-regulate the expression of genes involved in tumor progression and invasion. the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)-akt pathway is also known to regulate these cellular processes. more importantly, respiratory toxicants and carcinogens activate both the pi3k-akt pathway and fra-1 expression in human bronchial epithelial (hbe) cells. in this study we investigated a potential link between the pi3k-akt pathw ... | 2006 | 16490785 |
| cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of ruminant species in animal feed. | a cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection and identification of material derived from several ruminant species (cattle, sheep, goat, elk, and deer) in animal feeds has been developed. primers targeting conserved mitochondrial dna sequences amplified ruminant dna in a universal pcr, and the digoxigenin-labeled amplicons were hybridized with an array of species-specific oligonucleotide capture probes on a polyester cloth support. the hybridized amplicons were detected on the cloth ... | 2006 | 16496594 |
| effects of egg yolk and cooling rate on the survival of refrigerated red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) epididymal spermatozoa. | egg yolk is a common component to sperm refrigeration for most of the deer species, the role of which is to protect sperm membranes against cold shock. in addition, there have been many studies of conservation of ejaculated semen from stags, but few have been reported for epididymal spermatozoa. this work was designed to investigate the combined effects of cooling rates (slow: 0.23 degrees c/min vs rapid: 4.2 degrees c/min) from room temperature to 5 degrees c, and egg-yolk concentration (0, 5 o ... | 2006 | 16519715 |
| nore1b regulates tcr signaling via ras and carma1. | nore1a was originally identified as a potential ras effector, and nore1b is an alternatively spliced isoform. both share a ras/rap association domain (ra domain) but only nore1a contains sequence motifs that predict sh3 domain binding and diacylglycerol/phorbol ester binding in the amino-terminal region. here we report that carma1 binds to nore1a and nore1b through the ra domain and that carma1 interacts with active ras in the presence of nore1b. rna interference against nore1b attenuates nf-kap ... | 2006 | 16520020 |
| an estimation of reproductive performance of farmed elk (cervus elaphus) in north america. | north american farmed elk (cervus elaphus) producers were surveyed to determine period specific rates of calving, abortion, and dystocia, and to examine the effect of reproduction-related mortality on the productivity of farmed elk. the overall calving rate was 86.3% and the calving rate for adult cows was found to be significantly higher than that for heifers. abortions were seen on 7.6% of farms and the overall abortion rate was approximately 0.6%. dystocia was experienced in 5.9% of births. n ... | 2006 | 16536230 |
| preliminary observations of genetic susceptibility of elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) to chronic wasting disease by experimental oral inoculation. | to compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the prnp gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (cwd), eight 8-month-old elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132mm, 2 132lm, and 4 132ll) were orally dosed with cwd-infected brain material from elk. during postinoculation (pi) month 23, both 132mm elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, and were euth ... | 2006 | 16566268 |
| capsaicin-induced inactivation of sensory neurons promotes a more aggressive gene expression phenotype in breast cancer cells. | capsaicin-induced inactivation of sensory neurons has been reported to enhance metastasis of a murine breast cancer cell line, specifically enhancing myocardial metastases. here we characterized changes in gene expression patterns in primary tumors which developed in capsaicin-treated vs. control mice. we identified a small cohort of genes (17) which all showed significant decreases in expression levels. all of the identified genes have been linked to cell growth, differentiation, and/or cancer ... | 2006 | 16583263 |
| persistence, serodiagnosis and effects on semen characteristics of artificial brucella ovis infection in red deer stags. | to investigate the persistence of infection and serum antibody titres after infection of red deer (cervus elaphus) stags with brucella ovis, and compare these with those of rams. to assess the effects of recent and chronic infection on semen characteristics of stags. | 2006 | 16596160 |
| the expanding universe of prion diseases. | prions cause fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disease. these etiological infectious agents are formed in greater part from a misfolded cell-surface protein called prp(c). several mammalian species are affected by the diseases, and in the case of "mad cow disease" (bse) the agent has a tropism for humans, with negative consequences for agribusiness and public health. unfortunately, the known universe of prion diseases is expanding. at least four novel prion diseases--including human dise ... | 2006 | 16609731 |
| ruminant alphaherpesviruses related to bovine herpesvirus 1. | herpesviruses have mainly co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. consequently, different related host species may have been infected by various genetically related herpesviruses. illustrating this concept, several ruminant alphaherpesviruses have been shown to form a cluster of viruses closely related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1): namely bovine herpesvirus 5, bubaline herpesvirus 1, caprine herpesvirus 1, cervid herpesviruses 1 and 2 and elk herpesvirus 1. these viruses share com ... | 2006 | 16472518 |
| immunological and molecular characterization of susceptibility in relationship to bacterial strain differences in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in the red deer (cervus elaphus). | johne's disease (jd) infection, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, represents a major disease problem in farmed ruminants. although jd has been well characterized in cattle and sheep, little is known of the infection dynamics or immunological response in deer. in this study, typing of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from intestinal lymphatic tissues from 74 jd-infected animals showed that clinical isolates of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from new zealand farmed ... | 2006 | 16714585 |
| regulation of erk1/2 activity by ghrelin-activated growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a involves a plc/pkcvarepsilon pathway. | 1. the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (ghsr-1a) is a g-protein coupled receptor, involved in the biological actions of ghrelin by triggering inositol phosphates and calcium intracellular second messengers. it has also been reported that ghrelin could activate the 44- and 42-kda extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (erk1/2) in different cell lines, but it is not clear whether this regulation is ghsr-1a dependent or not. 2. to provide direct evidence for the coupling of ghsr-1a ... | 2006 | 16582936 |
| c-src couples pi 3 kinase/akt and mapk signaling to pdgf-induced dna synthesis in mesangial cells. | platelet-derived growth factor bb (pdgf) and pdgf receptor-beta (pdgfr) play critical roles in mesangial cell proliferation during embryonic development and in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. we have shown previously that phosphatidylinositol (pi) 3 kinase/akt and erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) contribute to pdgf-dependent proliferation of mesangial cells, but the mechanism by which these two enzyme cascades are activated by pdgfr signaling is not precisely known. we ex ... | 2006 | 16530387 |
| serum response factor mads box serine-162 phosphorylation switches proliferation and myogenic gene programs. | phosphorylation of a cluster of amino acids in the serum response factor (srf) "mads box" alphai coil dna binding domain regulated the transcription of genes associated with proliferation or terminal muscle differentiation. mimicking phosphorylation of serine-162, a target of protein kinase c-alpha, with an aspartic acid substitution (srf-s162d) completely inhibited srf-dna binding and blocked alpha-actin gene transcription even in the presence of potent myogenic cofactors, while preserving c-fo ... | 2006 | 16537394 |