Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) are of low susceptibility to inoculation with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o. | two sheep and five dromedaries were inoculated with a highdose of a cattle-passaged type o strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the sheep developed typical fmd. the inoculated camels, which were placed in contact with five further dromedaries and four sheep, showed no visible signs of illness or vesicular lesions. however, one of them had a raised body temperature at 3 days post-inoculation (pi) and a viraemia from days 2 to 10; probang samples from this animal were negative for infect ... | 2008 | 18789453 |
| investigation of heat stress response in the camel fibroblast cell line dubca. | we have used a camel cell line model (dubca) to investigate the effect of heat stress on cell survival. the mechanism(s) of such survival response are very important not only for normal physiological function, but also, in pathological conditions, such as cancer. those cells that have escaped the normal response to heat are an important model in helping us better understand the intricate signaling change(s) that might have occurred in changing a cell's phenotype from normal to cancerous. our fin ... | 2008 | 18837913 |
| llama antibody fragments with cross-subtype human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-neutralizing properties and high affinity for hiv-1 gp120. | members of the camelidae family produce immunoglobulins devoid of light chains. we have characterized variable domains of these heavy chain antibodies, the vhh, from llamas immunized with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope protein gp120 in order to identify vhh that can inhibit hiv-1 infection. to increase the chances of isolating neutralizing vhh, we employed a functional selection approach, involving panning of phage libraries expressing the vhh repertoire on recombinant gp12 ... | 2008 | 18842738 |
| perceptions and problems of disease in the one-humped camel in southern africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) was first introduced to german south west africa (namibia) for military purposes in 1889. introductions to the cape of good hope (south africa) in 1897 and rhodesia (zimbabwe) in 1903 were initially with a view to replacing oxen that died of rinderpest. disease risks attendant on these introductions were recognised and to some extent guarded against. there were, however, relatively few problems. one camel was diagnosed as having foot-and-mouth disease. ... | 2008 | 18846848 |
| microbial and sensory characteristics of camel meat during refrigerated storage as affected by gamma irradiation. | the present study was undertaken to assess the microbiological profile of fresh camel meat and the possibility of improving microbial quality and extending the refrigerated storage life of meat by using low-dose gamma irradiation. camel meat samples were subjected to 0 (control), 1.5 and 3 kgy doses and stored at 3 +/- 1 degrees c. the microbial and sensory attributes were evaluated. exposure to 1.5 kgy dose significantly reduced the initial counts of aerobic plate counts (apcs), psychrophilic b ... | 2008 | 18814652 |
| engineering a camelid antibody fragment that binds to the active site of human lysozyme and inhibits its conversion into amyloid fibrils. | a single-domain fragment, cab-hul22, of a camelid heavy-chain antibody specific for the active site of human lysozyme has been generated, and its effects on the properties of the i56t and d67h amyloidogenic variants of human lysozyme, which are associated with a form of systemic amyloidosis, have been investigated by a wide range of biophysical techniques. pulse-labeling hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments monitored by mass spectrometry reveal that binding of the antibody fragment strongly i ... | 2008 | 18816062 |
| seasonal hair follicle cycle of camelus dromedarius. | this experiment was conducted to identify the annual changes in hair follicle activity, changes at the follicular level and to characterize some of the fibre-follicle characteristics of camels at different ages. a total of 28 camels were allocated at random on the basis of age to one of four groups (2, 4, 6 and older than 8 years). all groups of camels were fed a maintenance level of ration throughout the experiment. to determine hair follicle cycle and other follicle characteristics samples of ... | 2008 | 18817164 |
| what happens when trypanosoma brucei leaves africa. | julius lukes and co-workers evaluated the evolutionary origin of trypanosoma equiperdum and trypanosoma evansi, parasites that cause horse and camel diseases. although similar to t. brucei, the sleeping-sickness parasite, these trypanosomes do not cycle through the tsetse fly and have been able to spread beyond africa. transmission occurs sexually, or via blood-sucking flies or vampire bats. they concluded that these parasites, which resemble yeast petite mutants, are t. brucei sub-species, whic ... | 2008 | 18715829 |
| improved tumor targeting of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor nanobodies through albumin binding: taking advantage of modular nanobody technology. | the approximately 15-kda variable domains of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies (called nanobodies) can easily be formatted as multivalent or multispecific single-chain proteins. because of fast excretion, however, they are less suitable for therapy of cancer. in this study, we aimed for improved tumor targeting of a bivalent anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) nanobody (alphaegfr-alphaegfr) by fusion to a nanobody unit binding to albumin (alphaalb). biodistributions of alphaegfr-alpha ... | 2008 | 18723476 |
| event-related potentials in semantic memory retrieval. | the involvement of the left temporal lobe in semantics and object naming has been repeatedly demonstrated in the context of language comprehension; however, its role in the mechanisms and time course for the retrieval of an integrated object memory from its constituent features have not been well delineated. in this study, 19 young adults were presented with two features of an object (e.g., "desert" and "humps") and asked to determine whether these two features were congruent to form a retrieval ... | 2008 | 18764976 |
| preliminary assessment of somatic cell nuclear transfer in the dromedary (camelus dromedarius). | somatic cloning may enable the maintenance/expansion of the population of camels with the highest potential for milk production or the best racing performances. however, there have been no reports of embryonic or somatic nuclear transfer in camels. the aim of this study was to produce dromedary embryos by nuclear transfer using in vitro matured oocytes and two somatic cells from two sources (adult fibroblasts or granulosa cells). a total of 58 adult females were superstimulated by a single dose ... | 2008 | 18675449 |
| high-expression of monoclonal nanobodies used in the preparation of hrp-conjugated second antibody. | camelids produce functional antibodies devoid of light chains and constant heavy-chain domain (ch1). the antigen binding fragments of such heavy-chain antibodies are therefore comprised in one single domain, the so-called vh of the camelid heavy-chain antibody (vhh) or nanobody. the very close similarity of these molecules to human vhs illustrated the potential application of these novel products as an immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic reagent, so the anti-nanobody hrp conjugate is one of t ... | 2008 | 18707545 |
| prevalence and pathology of camel filariasis in iran. | a total of 1,070 camels of different ages and of both sexes slaughtered at mashhad slaughterhouse were inspected for infection with dipetalonema evansi. microfilariae were found in peripheral blood smears of 221 (20.7%) camels (14% females and 23% males). in a second study, the testicles, epididymises, spermatic cords, and lungs of 197 male camels were examined, and 165 (83.7%) were infected with adult forms of d. evansi. tissue sections from 30 infected and ten uninfected camels were collected ... | 2008 | 18629537 |
| use of flavored cigarettes among older adolescent and adult smokers: united states, 2004--2005. | cigarettes with candy, fruit and alcohol flavors have been introduced in recent years as extensions to popular cigarette brands, raising concerns in the public health community that the enticing names, creative packaging, and intense flavorings of these products may be especially appealing to youth. this study used two national surveys to examine the prevalence of use of camel exotic blends, kool smooth fusion, and salem silver label brands during 2004--2005 among older adolescents and young adu ... | 2008 | 18629731 |
| tetrameric and homodimeric camelid iggs originate from the same igh locus. | in addition to producing conventional tetrameric iggs, camelids have the particularity of producing a functional homodimeric igg type lacking l (light) chains and only made up of two h (heavy) chains. this nonconventional igg type is characterized by variable and constant regions referred to as v(h)h and c(h)h, respectively, and which differ from conventional v(h) and c(h) counterparts. although the structural properties of homodimeric iggs have been well investigated, the genetic bases involved ... | 2008 | 18641337 |
| human hydatid disease in peru is basically restricted to echinococcus granulosus genotype g1. | a molecular pcr study using dna from 21 hydatid cysts was performed to determine which strain type is responsible for human infection in peru. the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) gene was amplified in 20 out of 21 samples, revealing that all but 1 sample (19/20, 95%) belonged to the common sheep strain (g1). the remaining samples belonged to the camel strain (g6). the g1 genotype was most frequently found in human cases of cystic hydatid disease (chd) in peru. local control me ... | 2008 | 18606769 |
| vhh, bivalent domains and chimeric heavy chain-only antibodies with high neutralizing efficacy for scorpion toxin aahi'. | many efforts aim at solving the serious problems encountered with immunotherapy against scorpion envenoming. the most attractive approach consists in generating single-chain antibody fragments (scfv) as their pharmaco-kinetic properties should match closely those of the scorpion toxins. although high affinity scfv reagents have been generated in the past, their production level, stability, and toxin neutralizing capacity remain disappointingly poor. in the current study, we identified one nanobo ... | 2008 | 18614235 |
| gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions of camels from eastern ethiopia. | camels are important animals for pastoralists in the northeastern, eastern, southeastern and southern parts of ethiopia. this paper reports on abattoir study of respiratory lesions in 104 adult camels at the dire dawa abattoir (88 male and 16 female). the study showed 98% of the examined lungs had one or more lesions. the most common lesions were pulmonary fibrosis (50.00%), pneumoconiosis (34.62%), hydatid cyst (30.80%), pulmonary abscess (3.85%) and parasitic bronchopneumonia (0.96%). the dist ... | 2008 | 18551775 |
| do camels (camelus dromedarius) play an epidemiological role in the spread of shiga toxin producing escherichia coli (stec) infection? | in the present work, faecal and serum samples from 400 camels were investigated for the presence of shiga toxin producing e.coli (stec) and anti-shiga toxin (anti-stx) antibodies, respectively. the used samples were obtained from adult male camels of five east african countries (egypt, somalia, djibouti, kenya and sudan) between the years 2002-2004. one e.coli isolate per camel was randomly selected to be cultured on gassner, chromocult and sorbit agar for the detection of o157:h7 strains. in th ... | 2008 | 18575976 |
| molecular genetic characterization of different isolates of echinococcus granulosus in east and southeast regions of turkey. | we used pcr-rflp analysis of ribosomal its1 fragment using four different restriction enzymes and dna sequencing of mitochondrial co1 gene to investigate the genetic characteristics of isolates of echinococcus granulosus obtained from different hosts (179 sheep, 19 cattle, 7 goat, 1 camel, 1 dog and 1 human) and regions (elazig, malatya, erzurum, van, diyarbakir and sanliurfa) of turkey. the report represents the most comprehensive genotypic investigation of e. granulosus isolates undertaken in ... | 2008 | 18579101 |
| the dromedary sign--an unusual capnograph tracing. | 2008 | 18580185 | |
| composition and electrophoretic mobility of plasma lipoproteins of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | to determine the lipid composition and electrophoretic pattern of plasma lipoproteins in samples obtained from healthy 1-humped camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2008 | 18593238 |
| staphylococcus aureus host specificity: comparative genomics of human versus animal isolates by multi-strain microarray. | staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and pathogen of several mammalian species, particularly humans and cattle. we aimed to (i) identify s. aureus genes associated with host specificity, (ii) determine the relatedness of human and animal isolates, and (iii) identify whether human and animal isolates typically exchanged mobile genetic elements encoding virulence and resistance genes. using a well-validated seven-strain s. aureus microarray, we compared 56 uk s. aureus isolates that caused infecti ... | 2008 | 18599823 |
| prevalence and pathology of camel nasal myiasis in eastern areas of iran. | camel botfly, cephalopina titillator, causes severe economic losses to the camel industry in many camel-producing areas of the world. a total of 1328 camels, of different age groups and of both sexes, slaughtered at mashhad slaughterhouse, khorasan razavi province, eastern iran were inspected for infestation with larvae of c. titillator. after slaughtering, the head was dissected and grossly inspected for presence of c. titillator larvae and other gross abnormalities. seven hundred and seventy o ... | 2008 | 18600202 |
| an inventory of the ethnoveterinary practices for reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes, sargodha district of pakistan. | this study was conducted to document the ethnoveterinary practices (evps) used for the treatment and/or management of reproductive disorders of cattle and buffaloes. | 2008 | 18384987 |
| isolation of lactoferrin from milk of different species: calorimetric and antimicrobial studies. | lactoferrin (lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein found in different biological fluids of mammals and in neutrophils. it has been proposed to be involved in many functions, including protection from pathogens. in this work, purification of lactoferrin using an ion-exchange chromatography (sp-sepharose) was attempted for the milk of the following animals: sheep (ovis aries), goat (capra hircus), camel (camelus bactrianus), alpaca (lama pacos), elephant (elephas maximus) and grey seal (halichoerus ... | 2008 | 18387837 |
| dynamics of follicular fluid in one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | in the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius), were investigated. fluid from small (2-6 mm) and large follicles (7-20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate am ... | 2008 | 18422863 |
| effects of heat on camel platelet structure and function-a comparative study with humans. | camels and many other desert animals are uniquely adapted to conserve water and other fluids in order to survive intense heat for long periods. earlier studies have suggested that human platelets may be the trigger for the coagulopathy involved in heat prostration and stroke. the present study has compared the resistance of camel and human platelets to heat in order to see if they might help to protect camels from the effects of high body temperature for prolonged periods. the findings demonstra ... | 2008 | 18432517 |
| toward chaperone-assisted crystallography: protein engineering enhancement of crystal packing and x-ray phasing capabilities of a camelid single-domain antibody (vhh) scaffold. | a crystallization chaperone is an auxiliary protein that binds to a target of interest, enhances and modulates crystal packing, and provides high-quality phasing information. we critically evaluated the effectiveness of a camelid single-domain antibody (v(h)h) as a crystallization chaperone. by using a yeast surface display system for v(h)h, we successfully introduced additional met residues in the core of the v(h)h scaffold. we identified a set of semet-labeled v(h)h variants that collectively ... | 2008 | 18445622 |
| unique microanatomy of ileal peyer's patches of the one humped camel (camelus dromedarius) is not age-dependent. | the peyer's patches (pp) have been intensely investigated in several species because this is an important entry site for antigens and infectious agents. there are many pp in the jejunum, and in some species such as ruminants, carnivores, and omnivores, a different continuous pp is found in the terminal ileum. this pp disappears with age in these species studied. so far the ileal pp (ipp) has only been examined in the camel by light microscopy. therefore, the localization of ileal peyer's patches ... | 2008 | 18449903 |
| a comparison of the mitochondrial genomes from two families of solifugae (arthropoda: chelicerata): eremobatidae and ammotrechidae. | arachnids are an ancient and diverse group of arthropods, yet few representative mitochondrial genomes have been published for most of the 11 orders. here, we present and compare sequence and genomic data from two complete mitochondrial genomes from the arachnid order solifugae (the camel spiders or wind scorpions), representing two families, ammotrechidae and eremobatidae. we also make genome-level and sequence comparisons between these taxa and the horseshoe crab, a chelicerate from the sister ... | 2008 | 18456437 |
| pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of orbifloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular injections to dromedary lactating camels (camelus dromedaries). | 2008 | 18471152 | |
| isolation of nitrate-reductase positive corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis from dromedary camels. | 2008 | 18484117 | |
| risk factors associated with camel brucellosis in jordan. | during the period between february, 2004 and december, 2006, a cross-sectional study was performed to investigate some epidemiological aspects related to camel brucellosis in jordan. four hundred twelve camel sera from 37 herds were randomly collected and analyzed using rose bengal plate test and complement fixation test. a structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect information on camel herd health and management. a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to ... | 2008 | 18484121 |
| the ultrastructure of camel blood platelets: a comparative study with human, bovine, and equine cells. | previous studies indicated that the camel has a very active haemostatic mechanism with a short bleeding time and thrombocytosis. however, platelet function, when tested by agonist-induced aggregation and pfa 100 closure time, showed marked inhibition compared to humans. since camels are also far more resistant to long exposure to excessive heat and high body temperature than humans, it seemed worthwhile to explore fundamental morphological differences between human and camel platelets and those ... | 2008 | 18231938 |
| serological survey of bovine enterovirus type 1 in different mammalian species in turkey. | the bovine enterovirus type 1 (bev-1) infection has a wide range of host spectrum including humans. in this study, seroprevalence of bev-1 was investigated in eight mammalian species. blood serum samples were collected from 244 humans, 1520 cattle, 272 horse, 126 dog, 281 sheep, 477 goat, 18 camel (camelus dromedarius) and 82 gazelle (gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa) in different regions of turkey. microneutralization tests showed that gazelle and camel did not have any seropositivities, but s ... | 2008 | 18234029 |
| chemical activation of in vitro matured dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) oocytes: optimization of protocols. | experiments were conducted to study the efficiency of sequential treatments of ionomycine and ethanol combined with phosphorylation inhibitor (6-dimethylaminopurine) or the specific maturation promoting factor inhibitor (roscovitine) in inducing artificial activation in dromedary m-ii oocytes. cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs), collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were cultured at 38.5 degrees c in an atmosphere of 5% co2 in air for 24-48 h. in experiment 1, the cocs were either fertilized in vit ... | 2008 | 18242678 |
| effect of different selenium supplementation levels on selenium status in camel. | twelve female camels divided into three groups received, after a 2-week adaptation period, an oral se supplementation (0, 2, and 4 mg, respectively) under sodium selenite form for 3 months. feed intake was assessed daily, blood samples and body weight were taken on a weekly basis, and feces and urine samples were collected every 2 weeks up to 1 month after the end of the supplementation period. the se concentration in serum was increased significantly in supplemented groups. the maximum level wa ... | 2008 | 18265949 |
| abortions in dromedaries (camelus dromedarius) caused by equine rhinitis a virus. | a virus was isolated from aborted dromedary (camelus dromedarius) fetuses during an abortion storm in dubai, united arab emirates. laboratory investigations showed the causative agent to be indistinguishable from equine rhinitis a virus (erav), a picornavirus. two pregnant dromedaries experimentally infected with the camel virus isolate both aborted and an identical virus was reisolated from both fetuses, thus confirming the diagnosis. the extremely high prevalence of antibody (>90 %) and the hi ... | 2008 | 18272756 |
| isospora orlovi infection in suckling dromedary camel calves (camelus dromedarius) in kenya. | outbreaks of isosporosis in young suckling dromedary camel calves (camelus dromedarius) in dubai, uae and in kenya were recently described. in the former outbreak the pathogen was shown to be isospora orlovi by morphological features and was later characterized molecularly. in the present study, we have made a longitudinal investigation of 159 suckling dromedary calves < or =12 weeks of age belonging to 8 ranched camel herds (m1) in northern kenya. the study was carried out during 18 months. in ... | 2008 | 18295405 |
| cross-sensitization between milk proteins: reactivity to a "kosher" epitope? | immunoglobulin e-mediated allergy to cow's milk protein represents a major problem for infants who are not breast fed. a search for substitute milks revealed a cross-allergenicity to milk derived from goat and sheep but not to milk from a mare. we noted that the cow, goat and sheep species are both artiodactyls and ruminants, defining them as kosher animals, in contrast to the mare. | 2008 | 18300584 |
| multilocus phylogenetic analysis of cryptosporidium andersoni (apicomplexa) isolated from a bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) in china. | this is the first report of cryptosporidiosis in a bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) in china. two cryptosporidium isolates derived from the same bactrian camel (3-year-old) in november 2005 and april 2006 were characterized using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit rrna (18s rrna), 70-kda heat shock protein (hsp70), actin and cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) genes. the sequences of the 18s rrna and cowp were identical to all other cryptosporidium andersoni isolat ... | 2008 | 18165930 |
| development of a new pcr protocol for the detection of species and genotypes (strains) of echinococcus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | the aim of our study was to establish a new pcr protocol for the detection and discrimination of echinococcus granulosus complex on one hand and echinococcus multilocularis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (ffpts) on the other. the target sequences for all pcrs are located on a 471bp segment of the mitochondrial nd1 gene, the fragment sizes of the amplification products are 295bp (for the sheep strain of e. granulosus), 204bp (for the pig strain of e. granulosus) and 252bp (for e. mu ... | 2008 | 18177654 |
| independent introduction of two lactase-persistence alleles into human populations reflects different history of adaptation to milk culture. | the t(-13910) variant located in the enhancer element of the lactase (lct) gene correlates perfectly with lactase persistence (lp) in eurasian populations whereas the variant is almost nonexistent among sub-saharan african populations, showing high prevalence of lp. here, we report identification of two new mutations among saudis, also known for the high prevalence of lp. we confirmed the absence of the european t(-13910) and established two new mutations found as a compound allele: t/g(-13915) ... | 2008 | 18179885 |
| the normal anatomical, radiographical and ultrasonographic appearance of the carpal region of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the macroscopic, radiographic and ultrasonographic anatomy of the carpal region of eight clinically normal camels (camelus dromedarius) was determined with the help of a 7.5-mhz linear transducer. at the dorsal aspect of the carpus and distal radius, the extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis and extensor digitorum lateralis tendons were easily identified. the ulnaris lateralis tendon was observed laterally. the extensor carpi obliqus tendon was identified with difficulty. at the p ... | 2008 | 18197896 |
| cytokine responses in camels (camelus bactrianus) vaccinated with brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. | in the present study, we determined the levels of cytokines produced by camel (camelus bactrianus) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in response to live attenuated brucella abortus (b. abortus) s19 vaccine. seven camels were vaccinated with commercial b. abortus s19 vaccine, and their cytokine responses were determined using a real-time pcr assay. cytokine responses to b. abortus s19 were examined at 6 hr, 48 hr and 1, 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination. serological tests were performed to ... | 2008 | 18319583 |
| pharmacokinetic, metabolism and withdrawal time of orphenadrine in camels (camelus dromedarius) after intravenous administration. | the pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine (orph) following a single intravenous (i.v.) dose was investigated in six camels (camelus dormedarius). orphenadrine was extracted from the plasma using a simple sensitive liquid-liquid extraction method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). following i.v. administration plasma concentrations of orph decline bi-exponentially with distribution half-life (t(1/2)(alpha)) of 0.50+/-0.07h, elimination half-life (t(1/2)(beta)) of 3.57+/-0. ... | 2008 | 18321539 |
| chaperone activities of bovine and camel beta-caseins: importance of their surface hydrophobicity in protection against alcohol dehydrogenase aggregation. | beta-casein (beta-cn) showing properties of intrinsically unstructured proteins (iup) displays many similarities with molecular chaperones and shows anti-aggregation activity in vitro. chaperone activities of bovine and camel beta-cn were studied using alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) as a substrate. to obtain an adequate relevant information about the chaperone capacities of studied caseins, three different physical parameters including chaperone constant (k(c), microm(-1)), thermal aggregation cons ... | 2008 | 18336901 |
| infectivity, pathogenicity, and genetic characteristics of mammalian gastric cryptosporidium spp. in domestic ruminants. | farm ruminants were infected experimentally with four mammalian gastric cryptosporidium, namely cryptosporidium andersoni li03 originated from cattle and three isolates of cryptosporidium muris from brown rat (isolate rn66), bactrian camel (isolate cb03) and firstly characterized isolate from east african mole rat (isolate ts03). sequence characterizations of the small-subunit rrna gene showed that the li03 isolate was c. andersoni and the other three isolates belonged to c. muris, although the ... | 2008 | 18343038 |
| brucellosis in camels (camelus dromedarius) in darfur, western sudan. | in a field outbreak of brucellosis in 21 camels mixed with cattle, sheep and goats, five camels, three of which showed clinical signs, were serologically positive. in a subsequent abattoir survey of apparently healthy camels, six animals were seropositive, albeit with titres that tended to be lower than those found in the field outbreak. of the six seropositive slaughtered camels, five were shown to have lymph nodes (prescapular and supramammary) infected with brucellae (brucella melitensis biov ... | 2008 | 18346482 |
| plasma biochemistry of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius): effects of anticoagulants and comparison with serum. | the effects of various types of anticoagulants on plasma biochemistry were studied in man and various animals but limited informations are existing for camel plasma biochemistry. eleven clinically healthy one-humped camels were blood sampled in different tubes containing different anticoagulants and plain tubes for harvesting plasma and serum. the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnes ... | 2008 | 18371999 |
| sarcocystis and its complications in camels (camelus dromedarius) of eastern provinces of iran. | the prevalence of sarcocystis spp. was investigated by gross and histopathological examinations in 250 camels (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered from 2002 to 2005 in the mashhad slaughterhouse, eastern iran. samples were taken from the diaphragm, heart, tongue, esophagus and masseter muscles for histopathological studies. no macroscopic sarcocysts were found in the samples at gross inspection. sarcocysts were detected in 209 of 250 (83.6%) examined camels at histopathological level. the infection ... | 2008 | 19127328 |
| comparative study on heat stability and functionality of camel and bovine milk whey proteins. | heat stability, emulsifying, and foaming properties of camel whey have been investigated and compared with that of bovine whey. camel whey is similar to bovine whey in composition, but is deficient in beta-lactoglubulin (beta-lg), a major component of bovine whey. whether the deficiency in beta-lg will affect stability and functional properties is not yet known. substantial information on the functional properties of bovine milk whey proteins is available; however, there is little research done ... | 2008 | 19038927 |
| copper status in breeding and racing camels (camelus dromedarius) and response to cupric oxide needle capsules. | copper was determined in the blood of breeding camels, camel calves and racing camels to evaluate copper status in these animals in uae. low blood copper concentrations were reported in newly born camel calves (100%) and calves 2-4 months old (68%), breeding camels at early (55.6%) and at mid lactation (48%) and at late pregnancy (69%). this is attributed to the low copper and high sulfate in the rhodes grass which is the only diet offered to the breeding camels. on the other hand only 9.7% of r ... | 2008 | 18975129 |
| an update review on commiphora molmol and related species. | the origins of myrrh and frankincense are traced to the arabian peninsula. according to herodotus (5th century bc): "arabia is the only country which produces frankincense, myrrh, cassia, and cinnamon.., the trees bearing the frankincense are guarded by winged serpents of small size and various colors." diodorus siculus wrote, in the second half of the first century bc, that "all of arabia exudes a most delicate fragrance; even the seamen passing by arabia can smell the strong fragrance that giv ... | 2008 | 19209761 |
| distribution and density of mast cells in camel small intestine and influence of fixation techniques. | this study was carried out to gather species-specific data on mast-cell density and distribution in camel small intestine under different fixation conditions and to elucidate the presence and cross-reactivity of tryptase in the camel small intestine using human specific anti-tryptase antibody. tissue specimens from the jejunum, duodenum, and ileum were obtained from 9 healthy, 9-12 months old, male camels. specimens were fixed either with carnoy's fluid or formalinbuffered solution and stained w ... | 2008 | 19109098 |
| reproductive emergencies in camelids. | emergencies in theriogenology practice go beyond just saving the life of the patient, but also preserving its reproductive abilities. camelid emergency medicine is a relatively new field. this paper discusses the most common reproductive emergencies, their diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in male and female camelids. the conclusions drawn are based primarily on clinical observations by the authors over the last 25 years. special consideration is given to peculiarities of the species, particul ... | 2008 | 18514807 |
| combining txrf, ft-ir and gc-ms information for identification of inorganic and organic components in black pigments of rock art from alero hornillos 2 (jujuy, argentina). | archaeological samples are complex in composition since they generally comprise a mixture of materials submitted to deterioration factors largely dependent on the environmental conditions. therefore, the integration of analytical tools such as txrf, ft-ir and gc-ms can maximize the amount of information provided by the sample. recently, two black rock art samples of camelid figures at alero hornillos 2, an archaeological site located near the town of susques (jujuy province, argentina), were inv ... | 2008 | 18498024 |
| directed selection of a conformational antibody domain that prevents mature amyloid fibril formation by stabilizing abeta protofibrils. | the formation of amyloid fibrils is a common biochemical characteristic that occurs in alzheimer's disease and several other amyloidoses. the unifying structural feature of amyloid fibrils is their specific type of beta-sheet conformation that differentiates these fibrils from the products of normal protein folding reactions. here we describe the generation of an antibody domain, termed b10, that recognizes an amyloid-specific and conformationally defined epitope. this antibody domain was select ... | 2007 | 18042730 |
| tooth root abscesses in llamas and alpacas: 123 cases (1994-2005). | to determine features, outcome, and complications of surgical treatment of camelid tooth root abscesses. | 2007 | 17630900 |
| efficient inhibition of egfr signaling and of tumour growth by antagonistic anti-efgr nanobodies. | the development of a number of different solid tumours is associated with over-expression of erbb1, or the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr), and this over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis of patients. therefore, this receptor tyrosine kinase is considered to be an attractive target for antibody-based therapy. indeed, antibodies to the egfr have already proven their value for the treatment of several solid tumours, especially in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment ... | 2007 | 16738850 |
| evolutionary differentiation of cetartiodactyl placentae in the light of the viviparity-driven conflict hypothesis. | we analysed the evolution of placental traits in the novel mammalian clade cetartiodactyla (cetaceans and artiodactyls) by a parsimony-based computer program (macclade). a diffuse epitheliochorial placenta was identified as the stem species pattern of this clade. trophoblast giant cells (tgcs) independently evolved in camelids and ruminants. the polycotyledonary placenta is an apomorphic character for pecora (higher ruminants) and the oligocotyledonary placenta developed as a further step on the ... | 2007 | 16712927 |
| seasonal variation in botanical and chemical composition of plants selected by one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the present study has been conducted in order to investigate the seasonal variation in the botanical and chemical composition of plant parts consumed by camels (camelus dromedarius). the study has been conducted on 210 indigenous arabian camel of different age (1-18 years) and sex and kept under natural range in southern darfur, sudan. the findings of the present study indicate that camels are selective browser rather than grazer. furthermore, they are selective feeder to the parts of pasture pl ... | 2007 | 19069892 |
| light, scanning electron microscopy and sds-page studies on the effect of the essential oil, citrus sinensis var. balady on the embryonic development of camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (koch, 1818) (acari: ixodidae). | gc-mse analysis of the essential oil of fresh fruit peel of citrus sinensis var. balady recognized two main natural toxic compounds, limonene (83.28%) as hydrocarbon compound and linalool (3.97%) as oxygenated compound. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate its effect on different egg-ages of hyalomma dromedarii at four concentrations of 1:40, 1:30, 1:20 and 1:15 (oil : ethanol 95%) (v/v). the lc50 values were 1:56, 1:34, 1:41, 1:32, 1: 23, 1:23, 1:18, 1:14 and 1:11 for egg-ages ... | 2007 | 19069909 |
| seasonal variation in blood constituents of one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | this study was carried out in southern darfur, sudan during dry-and green (wet) season and was designed to investigate the effects of season (dry-versus green season) on the blood constituents of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). two hundred and ten blood samples collected from apparently healthy one-humped camels (camelus dromedarius) of different age and sex groups were used in this study, out of which 110 blood samples were collected during the dry season, while 100 blood samples we ... | 2007 | 19069924 |
| isolation and characterization of campylobacter spp. from domestic animals and poultry in south of iran. | a total of 455 domestic animals (cow, horse and camel) and poultry from south of iran were surveyed for fecal carriage of campylobacter spp. out of all collected fecal samples, the highest isolation rate of campylobacter was recorded among poultry (35%), followed by horse (27%) and cow (21%) while, lowest isolation rate was recorded among camel. of the 85 campylobacter strains isolated, 76 were classified as catalase positive campylobacter. out of them, high frequency of occurrence was belonged ... | 2007 | 19069968 |
| nutritive value of some herbages for dromedary camel in iran. | to prepare standard tables of chemical composition of feedstuffs and to determine digestibility and palatability of different plant species in dromedary camel, this research was carried out by considering the most consuming herbages of iranian desert rages. the plant species were included atriplex lentiformis, alhagi persarum, seidlitzia rosmarinus, saueda fruticosa, haloxylon ammodendron, tamarix kotschyi, hammada salicornica, salsola yazdiana, salsola tomentosa, tamarix aphylla and artemisia s ... | 2007 | 19070008 |
| milk composition of dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius): nutritional effects and correlation to corresponding blood parameters. | this study has been conducted in order to study the possible correlations between the nutritional value of plants selected by camels during the dry and green season and the corresponding blood and milk composition of the dromedary camels. the study has been conducted on 50 indigenous arabian camels of different age and kept under natural range in southern darfur. the dromedary camels selected plants with significantly (p<0.05) higher crude protein content during the dry season and kept the serum ... | 2007 | 19070090 |
| a camel bite breaking the neck and causing brain infarction. | 2007 | 18212669 | |
| carotid occlusion and cerebral infarction from camel bite: case report. | a 30-year-old farmer was bitten by his camel on the left side of the neck. he suffered immediate loss of consciousness but recovered three days later with right-sided hemiplegia and complete aphasia. he bled minimally from the neck. ct scan of the brain and carotid doppler ultrasonography confirmed left parietal lobe infarction and partial occlusion of the left carotid artery respectively. he was managed conservatively with physiotherapy and low dose aspirin. at six months of follow up, his spee ... | 2007 | 18303748 |
| tuareg ethnoveterinary treatments of camel diseases in agadez area (niger). | for generations, nomadic herders have been learning to manage herd health, particularly in dromedaries because of their great value. owing to the unavailability of veterinary services, camel herders in remote areas have been developing their own pharmacopoeia and veterinary techniques. the bleeding of sick animals is a common treatment, as tuareg herders believe that 'tainted blood' (izni) is the cause of many conditions. several surgical techniques are also used, such as excision of calcified s ... | 2007 | 18318345 |
| molecular characterization of echinococcus granulosus in tunisia and mauritania by mitochondrial rrns gene sequencing. | cystic hydatid disease is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the cestode echinococcus granulosus and represents a major public health problem in many countries around the world, including north africa. e. granulosus exists as a series of genetic variants or strains which differ in a wide variety of criteria that impact on the epidemiology, pathology and control of cystic hydatid disease. nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial rrns gene was here used to characterize 38 e. granulosus isola ... | 2007 | 18689235 |
| veterinary medicine. camel scientists ask: what's sinking the ships of the desert? | 2007 | 18048664 | |
| commiphora molmol in human welfare (review article). | the origins of myrrh and frankincense are traced to the arabian peninsula. according to herodotus (5th century bc): "arabia is the only country which produces frankincense, myrrh, cassia and cinnamon ... the trees bearing the frankincense are guarded by winged serpents of small size and various colors." diodorus siculus writes, in the second half of the first century bc, that "all of arabia exudes a most delicate fragrance; even the seamen passing by arabia can smell the strong fragrance that gi ... | 2007 | 17985580 |
| identification of digestive hydrolases in the larval midgut of the camel nasal bot fly cephalopina titillator clark (diptera: oestridae). | activities of digestive hydrolases associated with midgut of the third instar larva of cephalopina titillator were investigated. based on the hydrolysis of synthetic substrates and optimum ph, it was found that c. titillator midgut contains trypsin-like (optimum ph, 9), chymotrypsin esterase-like (optimum ph, 8), carboxypeptidase a and b (optimum ph at 8.5 &7 respectively), alkaline- and acid-phosphatase (optimum ph at 9 & 5 respectively) and membrane bound leucine aminopeptidase (optimum ph, 8) ... | 2007 | 17985587 |
| multimodal function optimization based on the survival of the fitness kind of the evolution strategy. | in this paper, a new algorithm for the multimodal function optimization is proposed, base on the concept of the survival of the fitness rule of evolution. the proposed algorithm has common criteria not to be invaded by each other. thus, there is only one survivor in a partial solution space in which one optimal point locates. to verify the proposed algorithm, three multimodal functions--alex function 5, six-hump camel back function, and rastrigin's function--are tested. | 2007 | 18002667 |
| [helminth infections of camels]. | camels, which are indispensable under asia and africa's bad climatic and geographic conditions, are bred in turkey for tourist purposes including wrestling. even though they have been used for thousands of years, comprehensive studies addressing the parasitic diseases of these animals have been performed only during recent years. in this review, helminth infections seen in the camel and their treatment have been discussed. | 2007 | 17918065 |
| stabilization of an immunoglobulin fold domain by an engineered disulfide bond at the buried hydrophobic region. | we report for the first time the stabilization of an immunoglobulin fold domain by an engineered disulfide bond. in the llama single-domain antibody, which has human chorionic gonadotropin as its specific antigen, ala49 and ile70 are buried in the structure. a mutant with an artificial disulfide bond at this position showed a 10 degrees c higher midpoint temperature of thermal unfolding than that without the extra disulfide bond. the modified domains exhibited an antigen binding affinity compara ... | 2007 | 17932041 |
| susceptibility to nicotine dependence: the development and assessment of nicotine dependence in youth 2 study. | the purpose of this work was to identify characteristics that predict progression from the first inhalation of a cigarette to dependence. we studied a cohort of 1246 public school 6th-graders in 6 massachusetts communities (mean age at baseline: 12.2 years). | 2007 | 17908753 |
| western analyses of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein family (pag) in placental extracts of various mammals. | the present study was conducted in order to analyze the immunoreactivity of placental extracts of several animal species and humans against the following three groups of pag antisera: anti-bopag-i (r#497), -bopag-ii (r#435), and -capag (r#706). placental proteins were obtained after extraction at neutral ph, followed by ammonium sulfate (a.s.) precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. the immunoreactivity of different placental extracts was revealed by the use of monodimensional sds-page, fol ... | 2007 | 17850858 |
| natriuretic peptides in cetaceans: identification, molecular characterization and changes in plasma concentration after landing. | dolphins are aquatic animals free from gravity, and this may have imposed significant changes in their cardiovascular status and its hormonal regulation compared with terrestrial animals. this study molecularly characterized two major cardiovascular hormones, atrial and b-type natriuretic peptides (anp and bnp) and measured their changes in dolphin plasma concentrations in relation to the cardiovascular status of the animal. we initially identified anp and bnp in three species of dolphins (lagen ... | 2007 | 17867859 |
| exploring the capacity of minimalist protein interfaces: interface energetics and affinity maturation to picomolar kd of a single-domain antibody with a flat paratope. | a major architectural class in engineered binding proteins ("antibody mimics") involves the presentation of recognition loops off a single-domain scaffold. this class of binding proteins, both natural and synthetic, has a strong tendency to bind a preformed cleft using a convex binding interface (paratope). to explore their capacity to produce high-affinity interfaces with diverse shape and topography, we examined the interface energetics and explored the affinity limit achievable with a flat pa ... | 2007 | 17888451 |
| measuring the energy expenditure and water flux in free-ranging alpacas (lama pacos) in the peruvian andes using the doubly labelled water technique. | energy expenditure and water flux were measured in free-ranging alpacas lama pacos, a south american camelid, on natural pastures of the peruvian andes (altitude: 4,400 m above sea level). water influx rate (wir) was estimated in 16 males (age 2 years, weight 48.5+/-8.6 kg) labelled with 2h. in addition, the field metabolic rate (fmr) was measured in four of these animals labelled with both an oxygen (18o) and a hydrogen (2h) isotope. the wir averaged 3.62 l h2o/day and the mean total body water ... | 2007 | 17891750 |
| evolution of an interloop disulfide bond in high-affinity antibody mimics based on fibronectin type iii domain and selected by yeast surface display: molecular convergence with single-domain camelid and shark antibodies. | the 10th human fibronectin type iii domain ((10)fn3) is one of several protein scaffolds used to design and select families of proteins that bind with high affinity and specificity to macromolecular targets. to date, the highest affinity (10)fn3 variants have been selected by mrna display of libraries generated by randomizing all three complementarity-determining region -like loops of the (10)fn3 scaffold. the sub-nanomolar affinities of such antibody mimics have been attributed to the extremely ... | 2007 | 17382960 |
| prevalence of neoplasia in llamas and alpacas (oregon state university, 2001-2006). | prevalence and type of neoplastic disease were determined in 551 camelid submissions (368 alpacas [lama pacos], 180 llamas [lama glama], and 3 cases in which species was not identified) over a 5-year period. forty neoplasms were identified in 38 animals (6.9%). prevalence of neoplasia in llamas was higher (11%) than in alpacas (4.9%). mean age of camelids with neoplasia was 9.42 +/- 4.9 years. mean age of alpacas with neoplasia (5.48 +/- 3.7 years) was significantly less than of llamas with neop ... | 2007 | 17402619 |
| fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium, bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the camel. | the morphology of the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) and closely associated bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy in the camel (camelus dromedarius). the study showed that rpe is composed of a single layer of hexanocuboidal cells that were joined laterally by a series of apically located tight junctions. in addition, adjacent from internal side of cell membrane at the level of tight junctions, an undefined structure which resembled ... | 2007 | 17371384 |
| semen cryopreservation in bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) using shotor diluent: effects of cooling rates and glycerol concentrations. | experiments were conducted with a final goal of providing a suitable protocol for cryopreservation of bactrian camel semen. in experiment i, the effect of average cooling rate (slow cooling: 0.14 versus fast cooling: 0.55 degrees c/min) on the viability of chilled semen was evaluated. in experiment ii, the effect of different concentrations of glycerol (4, 6 and 8%) on the post-thaw viability of frozen sperm was investigated. in experiment iii, the efficiency of shotor diluent was compared with ... | 2007 | 17588650 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur after single intravenous and intramuscular administration in camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2007 | 17610412 | |
| camel lactoferrin markedly inhibits hepatitis c virus genotype 4 infection of human peripheral blood leukocytes. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a serious worldwide health risk and, to date, no effective treatments to prevent progression to chronic infection have been discovered. to combat the disease, egyptian patients often use traditional medicines, for instance, camel milk, which contains lactoferrin. currently, lactoferrin is one of the primary biopharmaceutical drug candidates against hcv infection. camel lactoferrin (clf) purification and biochemical and immunological characterization have shown its simi ... | 2007 | 17613672 |
| pathological fracture of the ulna due to osteosarcoma in an arabian camel (camelus dromedarius). | 2007 | 17617544 | |
| pseudocowpox virus: the etiological agent of contagious ecthyma (auzdyk) in camels (camelus dromedarius) in the arabian peninsula. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of dna extracted from pustules, saliva, and blood of camels presenting with contagious ecthyma, in bahrain and also from a sample (sacamel) of infected tissue from a camel that had presented with contagious ecthyma in 1998 in saudi arabia (1). sequence homologies and phylogenetic analysis showed that this extracted dna was more closely related to pseudocowpox virus (pcpv) than orf virus (orfv), which infects sheep, goats, and other animal species. the p ... | 2007 | 17627446 |
| a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae. | the family camelidae that evolved in north america during the eocene survived with two distinct tribes, camelini and lamini. to investigate the evolutionary relationship between them and to further understand the evolutionary history of this family, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (camelus bactrianus ferus), the only wild survivor of the old world camel. | 2007 | 17640355 |
| echinococcus granulosus from mexican pigs is the same strain as that in polish pigs. | samples of echinococcus granulosus from seven pigs from mexico were compared with isolates of the parasite from pigs in poland and representative strains and species of echinococcus. isolates from pigs in mexico were found to be genetically identical to e. granulosus from polish pigs and distinct from other major genotypes by sequencing part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) mtdna locus, restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplif ... | 2007 | 17640396 |
| how the camel lost its hump: the impact of object typicality on event-related potential signals in object decision. | using an object decision task, event-related potentials (erps), and minimum norm current source estimates, we investigated early spatiotemporal aspects of cortical activation elicited by line drawings that were manipulated on two dimensions: authenticity and typicality. authentic objects were those that match real-world experience, whereas nonauthentic objects were "doctored" by deletion or addition of features (e.g., a camel with its hump removed, a hammer with two handles). the main manipulati ... | 2007 | 17651007 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of buffalo alpha(s1)-casein gene. | buffaloes in indian subcontinent play an important role as the producer of milk and milk products. the alpha(s1)-casein constitutes 38% of the total milk proteins. the present study was carried out to characterize the gene in murrah breed of riverine buffalo. buffalo alpha(s1)-casein cdna was synthesized by rt-pcr, then cloned using pdrive-cloning vector and sequenced. the sequencing revealed that the size of alpha(s1)-casein cdna was of 645 bp with gc content of 45.58%. the alpha(s1)-casein gen ... | 2007 | 17654008 |
| suspected panosteitis in a camel. | a 6-month-old male bactrian camel was examined because of a 3-week history of lameness of the left hind limb. | 2007 | 17669048 |
| cross-species chromosome painting among camel, cattle, pig and human: further insights into the putative cetartiodactyla ancestral karyotype. | the great karyotypic differences between camel, cattle and pig, three important domestic animals, have been a challenge for comparative cytogenetic studies based on conventional cytogenetic approaches. to construct a genome-wide comparative chromosome map among these artiodactyls, we made a set of chromosome painting probes from the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) by flow sorting and degenerate oligonucleotide primed-pcr. the painting probes were first used to characterize the karyotypes o ... | 2007 | 17671843 |
| distribution of neuroendocrine cells in the small and large intestines of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | the distribution and relative frequency of neuroendocrine cells in the small and large intestines of one-humped camel were studied using antisera against 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), cholecystokinin (cck-8), somatostatin (som), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (pyy), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (gip), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nnos), gastrin releasing peptide (grp), substance p (sp), and neurokinin a (nka). among these cell types, cck-8 immunoreactive (ir) cells were uniformly distributed in th ... | 2007 | 17688943 |
| properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments. | camelids produce functional antibodies devoid of light chains of which the single n-terminal domain is fully capable of antigen binding. these single-domain antibody fragments (vhhs or nanobodies) have several advantages for biotechnological applications. they are well expressed in microorganisms and have a high stability and solubility. furthermore, they are well suited for construction of larger molecules and selection systems such as phage, yeast, or ribosome display. this minireview offers a ... | 2007 | 17704915 |
| eastern equine encephalitis in 9 south american camelids. | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus is a mosquito-borne togavirus (alphavirus) that causes severe (often fatal) encephalitis in many mammalian species, but it has not been reported previously in south american camelids. hypothesis: south american camelids can become naturally infected with eee virus and show encephalitic signs similar to those observed in other affected species. | 2007 | 17708408 |