Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons project to growth hormone and somatolactin cells in the steelhead trout. | analysis of gene expression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) antisense oligonucleotide confirmed by immunocytochemical localization the occurrence of gnrh neurons along the nervus terminalis in the steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). double-label immunocytochemistry revealed the distribution of mammalian (m), salmon (s) and chicken ii (cii)-type gnrhs and various pituitary hormones. both sgnrh and mgnrh appeared to be colocalized in the same cells of the nervus terminalis. chicken ... | 1994 | 7868362 |
| [characterization of cdna of t-cell receptor beta chain in rainbow trout]. | using a two-step pcr strategy, we have cloned several cdna segments encoding the t-cell receptor beta chain in a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the nine clones analyzed encode identical n-terminal-truncated v beta regions which present limited sequence similarities with several mammalian tcr v beta chains, from residue tyr-35 to residue ser-95. these v beta regions are followed by v beta-d beta-j beta-like regions which are different in all the sequenced clones, and by id ... | 1994 | 7882160 |
| effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss macrophage respiratory burst activity. | natural bovine transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf-beta 1) was found to have both enhancing and suppressing effects on the respiratory burst activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney macrophages. incubation with tgf-beta 1 alone increased respiratory burst activity using doses from 0.05 to 0.2 ng/ml. however, incubation of activated macrophages with tgf-beta 1 decreased their respiratory burst activity in a dose-dependent manner. coincubation of macrophages with activating s ... | 1994 | 7883061 |
| rainbow trout ventricular natriuretic peptide: isolation, sequencing, and determination of biological activity. | ventricular natriuretic peptide (vnp) is a new type of cardiac natriuretic peptide initially isolated from the eel ventricle. vnp has been isolated from cardiac ventricles of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and found to consist of 35 amino acid residues carrying a c-terminal tail sequence with 14 amino acid residues. thus, the long c-terminal sequence characteristic of vnp was also conserved in the trout vnp. a vnp with 4 amino acid residues truncated from the c-terminus was also isolate ... | 1994 | 7883149 |
| observations on the development of syncuaria squamata (nematoda: acuariidae), a parasite of cormorants, in the intermediate and paratenic hosts. | the development of the nematode syncuaria squamata (linstow, 1883), a gizzard parasite of cormorants, was experimentally studied in the ostracod notodromas monacha. after the eggs of this nematode have been swallowed by the ostracod, the toothed first-stage larvae of the parasite are released and penetrate through the intestinal wall into the haemocoel of the crustacean. before attaining the infective third stage, the larvae moult twice in the body of the intermediate host (9-11 and 13-15 days a ... | 1994 | 7883250 |
| generation of poly- and mono-clonal antibodies against trout fibronectin (fn) and their use in fn immunodetection in teleost fishes. | immunization of rats with gelatin-affinity column purified fibronectin (fn) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma produced a polyclonal antiserum that reacts specifically with fn in immunoblotted protein extracts and cultured cells, not only from trout but also from swordtails (xiphophorus helleri). most importantly, this antiserum specifically stains fn-containing structures in sections from embryos, as well as skin and dorsal fin of swordtails and platyfish (xiphophorus maculatus), a ... | 1994 | 7893474 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequence of a 28 kda major serum high density lipoprotein of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | as there are few data on primary structures of fish apolipoproteins (apo), we determined the n-terminal sequence of a 28 kda major serum protein of rainbow trout, a possible homologue of apoai protein in higher vertebrates. rainbow trout serum was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. a spot of the 28 kda protein (pl 5.45) was cut out and directly applied to a protein sequencer. we succeeded in sequencing 30 amino acids from the n-terminal. the sequence of the 28 kda protein shared a hig ... | 1994 | 7799567 |
| involvement of an inhibitory g-protein in the signal transduction pathway of maturation-inducing hormone (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one) action in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) oocytes. | to investigate the mechanism by which the hormone 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17 alpha,20 beta-dp) acts on a receptor on the external surface of rainbow trout oocytes to induce maturation, the interaction between 17 alpha,20 beta-dp receptors and g-proteins was examined. pertussis toxin (pt) catalyzed the adp ribosylation of a 40-kda protein in crude membranes from rainbow trout postvitellogenic oocytes, and cholera toxin (ct) labeled several proteins, including a major protein wi ... | 1994 | 7813780 |
| effect of injected yeast glucan on the activity of macrophages in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., as evaluated by in vitro hydrogen peroxide production and phagocytic capacity. | a prepared polysaccharide from the cell wall of yeast, m-glucan, has previously been demonstrated to have immunostimulatory effects in salmonids as observed by enhanced in vivo non-specific disease resistance in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., and increased in vitro bactericidal activity of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), macrophages. in the present study m-glucan was injected intraperitoneally into atlantic salmon and the effect on core components in the non-specific part of the ... | 1994 | 7835949 |
| relationship between resistance of salmonids to furunculosis and recovery of aeromonas salmonicida from external mucus. | fish were sampled at the ed weed state fish hatchery (south hero, vermont, usa) in september 1992. aeromonas salmonicida was common, with concentrations as high as 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per gram of mucus, and readily recovered from most mucus samples obtained from furunculosis-sensitive populations of brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (salvelinus namaycush), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the pathogen was the predominant microorganism and accounted for greater tha ... | 1994 | 7760494 |
| hydrolyzed feather meal as feed component in diets for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and effects of dietary protein/energy ratio on the efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein. | two feeding trials were performed on rainbow trout of mean initial weights of 40 and 50 g and lasting for 12 and 14 weeks, respectively. in trial 1, diets contained per kg 300 g fish meal and varying proportions of gelatinized maize starch plus either casein or hydrolyzed feather meal. dietary crude protein content varied from about 27 to 53%. in trial 2, all diets had about 45% crude protein. fish meal (300 g/kg) was replaced in 3 steps by hydrolyzed feather meal either without or with suppleme ... | 1994 | 7733808 |
| glucose dehydrogenase in beef (bos taurus) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver: a comparative study. | the monomer molecular mass of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh, ec 1.1.1.47) from rainbow trout liver and beef liver were estimated to be 90 kda for both enzymes, by electrophoresis in the presence of na-dodecyl-so4 (sds). the 90-kda proteins were partially degraded to about 60 kda when purified with a delayed procedure without protease inhibitors. tryptic cleavage of the 90-kda proteins gave fragments of about 60 kda and 30 kda, being similar for trout and beef gdh. isoelectric points, kinetic and th ... | 1994 | 7553351 |
| [presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis hass 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) in patagonian freshwater fishes]. | the presence of glochidia of diplodon chilensis haas 1931 (mollusca, pelecypoda) has been reported in gills of wild freshwater fish in the argentinian patagonia. death occurrences due to glochidiasis have not been observed either in wild fish or in cultured fish. the records of oncorhynchus mykiss, galaxias platei, patagonia hatcheri and percichtys trucha extend the number of known hosts for d. chilensis and add new localities, thus extending the distributions of the mollusc. | 1994 | 7654294 |
| effects of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. i. effect of lindane on antibody-secreting cells (asc) measured by elispot assay. | yersinia ruckeri vaccine was injected in rainbow trout 7 days after ip contamination with 10, 50, or 100 mg lindane per kilogram body weight. the antibody-secreting cells measured by elispot assay were affected by the insecticide, slightly for 10 mg and strongly for higher concentrations. consequently the antibody production in sera, measured by agglutination, was suppressed. | 1994 | 7525199 |
| cadmium toxicity to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and brown trout salmo trutta l. over extended exposure periods. | the toxicity of cadmium in water is well known, but there have been few reports on the long-term effects of this metal on fish at concentrations near the european inland water standard of 5 micrograms cd liter-1. this paper describes experiments in which adult rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta were exposed to cadmium concentrations near water quality standard levels for periods of up to 90 weeks. the survival and growth of these fish were assessed, and sperm and eggs ... | 1994 | 7529162 |
| characterization of trout galanin and its distribution in trout brain and pituitary. | galanin was purified from an extract of the stomach of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and its primary structure was established as gly-trp-thr-leu-asn-ser- ala-gly-tyr-leu10-leu-gly-pro-his-gly-ile-asp-gly-his-arg20- thr-leu-ser-asp- lys-his-gly-leu-ala. trout galanin shows six amino acid substitutions compared with pig galanin, but the n-terminal region (residues 1-14) has been fully conserved. the distribution of galanin-immunoreactive (gal-ir) structures in the trout brain and pituit ... | 1994 | 7532194 |
| [food habits of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (salmoniformes: salmonidae) in an andean creek of venezuela]. | monthly stomach context samples of rainbow trout from mucunután stream (mérida, venezuela), were collected from, march 1987 to february 1988 (n = 306). the major dietary components were ephemeroptera, trichoptera and diptera. baetodes sp. was the most important food item based on numerical composition (43%) and frequency of occurrence (88%). when the gravimetric method was used leptonema sp. was the major dietary component. the diet was not a function of sex. the consumed fauna was more similar ... | 1994 | 7501873 |
| immunolocalization of h+-atpase in the gill epithelia of rainbow trout | the localization of proton pumps (h+-atpase) in gill epithelia of rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum)] was elucidated by immunofluorescence microscopy, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the 70 kda subunit of h+-atpase purified from clathrin-coated vesicles of bovine brain. in the gill epithelia of freshwater trout, the immunostaining was uniformly distributed along the lamellae and generally concentrated in apical regions. it is concluded, therefore, that h+-atpase is located i ... | 1994 | 9317571 |
| multiple genotoxicity biomarkers in fish exposed in situ to polluted river water. | specimens of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were either kept in an aquarium under laboratory conditions or caged in the river po (northern italy), upstream or downstream the confluence with the river lambro, a small yet heavily polluted tributary. genotoxicity biomarkers, evaluating the internal dose or early biological effects, were monitored after 7, 15 and 30 days of in situ exposure. with the exception of a slight increase of aminopyrine-n-demethylase and uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronos ... | 1993 | 7694138 |
| a comparative study of effects of atrazine on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in fish and insect, and of the in vitro phase ii atrazine metabolism in some fish, insects, mammals and one plant species. | 1. atrazine (3 daily i.p. doses of 0.20 mg/kg or 10 ppb in the water for 14 days) did not change the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities (xme) towards the substrates aldrin epoxidase (ae), nadph-cytochrome c reductase (nccr), 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (cdnb) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (dcnb) in trout liver (oncorhynchus mykiss) compared to the controls. 2. various treatment regimens of atrazine in a semisynthetic diet changed the xme activitie ... | 1993 | 7903609 |
| purification of a vasoactive peptide related to lysyl-bradykinin from trout plasma. | incubation of plasma from the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss with porcine pancreatic glandular kallikrein generated bradykinin-like immunoreactivity. the primary structure of the immunoreactive peptide was established as: lys-arg-pro-pro-gly-trp-ser-pro-leu-arg. this sequence shows two amino acid substitutions (phe6-->trp and phe9-->leu) compared with mammalian lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin). bolus intraarterial injection of the purified peptide produced a strong and sustained vasopressor res ... | 1993 | 8224232 |
| effect of lipoxins and other eicosanoids on phagocytosis and intracellular calcium mobilisation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages generated lipoxin (lx) a4, lxa5, leukotriene (lt) b4, ltb5 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-hete) during the phagocytosis of zymosan and escherichia coli, but not of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. prostaglandin (pg) e2 was also detected in supernatants from macrophages incubated with either zymosan or calcium ionophore a23187. lxa4 (10(-8)-10(-6) m) and ltb4 (10(-9)-10(-7) m) provoked rapid and transient dose-dependent increases in intr ... | 1993 | 8245703 |
| the inhibition by ionophores in vitro of an enterococcus-like pathogen of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | streptococcosis is a major disease of several fish species in australia, japan and south africa. the minimum inhibitory concentration of some ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) was determined in vitro for an enterococcus-like species pathogenic for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in australia. forty isolates of the fish pathogen were tested, together with control strains of staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, enterococcus faecalis atcc 29212 and streptococcus bovis atcc ... | 1993 | 8273272 |
| (ct)n and (gt)n microsatellites: a new class of genetic markers for salmo trutta l. (brown trout). | thirteen (gt)n and four (ct)n microsatellite loci (n = 10 or more and n = 20 or more, respectively) have been isolated from a partial genomic library of brown trout and sequenced. on average, a (gt)n repeat sequence occurs approximately every 23 kb and a (ct)n repeat sequence every 76 kb in brown trout genome. primers for dna amplifications using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were synthesized for three single locus microsatellites. mendelian inheritance of the observed polymorphisms was co ... | 1993 | 8276633 |
| salmonid pituitary gonadotrophs. iii. chronological appearance of gth i and other adenohypophysial hormones in the pituitary of the developing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss irideus). | the first appearance of adenohypophysial cells in the developing rainbow trout embryo was studied by immunocytochemistry. antibodies generated against the beta subunits of coho salmon gonadotropins (gth i and gth ii), the beta subunit of human thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh), chum salmon prolactin (prl), chum salmon growth hormone (gh), and synthetic alpha-msh were used as immunocytochemical probes. the pituitary anlage was first recognized at developmental stage 21 (18 days postfertilization) ... | 1993 | 8282173 |
| fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in the peritoneal cavity of rainbow trout. | a model was developed to study the fate of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in vivo, inside a specialized intraperitoneal chamber implanted in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. although normally recalcitrant to lytic agents in vitro, owing to the presence of its regular surface array (s layer), a. salmonicida was rapidly killed in the peritoneal cavity by a host-derived, soluble lytic activity present in peritoneal fluid. peritoneal fluid was also found to kill other bacteria and lyse v ... | 1993 | 8306206 |
| hepatic cellular distribution of cytochrome p-450 ia1 in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): an immunohisto- and cytochemical study. | monoclonal antibody 1-12-3 reactive against scup (stenotomus chrysops) cytochrome p450 e (a teleost cyp ia1) has been used to immunohistochemically localize cyp ia1 within hepatocytes and presumably sinusoidal endothelial and biliary epithelial cells of scup and trout. the goal of the present study was to extend immunohistochemical studies to the ultrastructural level determining intracellular locations of cyp ia1 in fish liver. juvenile trout (5-10 g) were given i.p. injections once (50 microgr ... | 1993 | 8339279 |
| quantification of antibody secreting cells to yersinia ruckeri by elispot assay after in vivo and in vitro immunization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the elispot assay was applied for the quantification of total and specific antibody secreting cells (asc) in spleen after in vitro immunization and in head kidney and blood after in vivo immunization of rainbow trout with yersivax vaccine. the highest number of total and specific anti-yersinia ruckeri asc was obtained on day 21 after in vivo immunization and on day 10 after in vitro immunization of spleen. | 1993 | 8342261 |
| activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes by muramyl dipeptide. | immunoenhancing activity of synthetic muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was investigated in relation to the activation of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes and to nonspecific protection against challenge with the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. head kidney phagocytes collected from mdp-injected fish showed significant chemotactic activity against zymosan-activated normal rainbow trout serum, and phagocytic activities against both a. salmonicida and plastic beads. the mdp-activated phagoc ... | 1993 | 8388812 |
| novel antigens expressed by aeromonas salmonicida grown in vivo. | virulent and avirulent aeromonas salmonicida strains grown inside intraperitoneal implants in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for unique antigen expression. western blots (immunoblots), performed with immune rabbit serum raised against in vivo-grown cells, revealed several unique antigens. with the exception of lipopolysaccharide (lps), these novel antigens were destroyed after proteinase k treatment. the majority of these antigens were not induced in vitro in response to eithe ... | 1993 | 8406855 |
| immunological characterization of flavin-containing monooxygenases from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): sexual- and age-dependent differences and the effect of trimethylamine on enzyme regulation. | polyclonal antibodies raised against flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) enzymes purified from pig liver and rabbit lung were used in conjunction with n,n-dimethylaniline (dma) n-oxidase to better characterize fmo from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). two proteins reacted with polyclonal antibodies raised against pig liver fmo (pl-1 and pl-2) and anti-rabbit lung fmo (rl-1 and rl-2). although there was no difference in dma n-oxidase observed between sexually mature male and fe ... | 1993 | 8427868 |
| steroidal alkaloid toxicity to fish embryos. | embryos of two species of fish were evaluated for their suitability as model systems for steroidal alkaloid toxicity, the japanese rice fish, medaka (oryzius latipes) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). additionally, the equine neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactone repin, was also tested. a probit program was used to evaluate the ec1, ec50 and ec99 as well as the associated confidence limits. the steroidal alkaloids tested were the solanum potato glycoalkaloids alpha-chaconine, alpha-solanin ... | 1993 | 8430437 |
| comparative rheology of human and trout red blood cells. | we have studied the comparative rheology of individual red blood cells from humans and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) at their natural body temperatures. trout red blood cells were large ellipsoids (about 16 microns x 11.5 microns x 2.5 microns) with a mean volume of 250 fl, a surface area of approximately 350 microns 2 and an elongated nucleus of about 9 microns x 5 microns. although much larger than human red cells (diameter 8 microns, v = 92 fl, a = 136 microns 2), both theoretical calcu ... | 1993 | 8440963 |
| cell surface c-reactive protein of rainbow trout lymphocytes. | c-reactive protein (crp) expressed on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) lymphocytes was investigated to determine what role crp might have on lymphocyte function. c-reactive protein was detected on the surface (s-crp) of 25% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and 4% of head kidney lymphocytes (hkl) by flow cytometry of cells labelled with biotinylated rabbit anti-rainbow trout crp igg and fluorescent-coupled avidin. purified crp, when added to cells in culture, bound to both pbl and hkl. st ... | 1993 | 8500642 |
| diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum in fishes from southern argentina: association, abundance, distribution, pathological effects, and risk of human infection. | diphyllobothrium dendriticum and diphyllobothrium latum are reported for the first time from argentina. the following species from lake moreno (southern argentina) were studied to determine whether plerocercoids were present: 11 brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis), 32 perca (percichthys sp.), 21 pejerrey (patagonina hatcheri), and 114 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). brook trout harbored both species (27.3% prevalence of d. dendriticum and 9.0% of d. latum); perca harbored only d. latum (18. ... | 1993 | 8501594 |
| characterization of l-thyroxine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | uptake of l-thyroxine (t4) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 1-min incubation of cells in a hanks' balanced salts medium containing glucose and [125i]t4. centrifugation through silicone oil and glycine buffer (ph 10.5) was used to separate cells from the medium and minimize extracellular binding of t4. at a t4 concentration of 0.2 nm, 15% of hepatocyte uptake was due to nonsaturable (passive) diffusion. saturable t4 uptake obeyed michaelis-menten kinetics with an apparent kt ... | 1993 | 8504920 |
| the transcriptional regulation of the growth hormone gene is conserved in vertebrate evolution. | growth hormone (gh) gene expression in mammals is regulated by the interaction of the transcription factor pit-1 with two binding sites within the proximal promoter. four sequences, homologous to the mammalian pit-1 motif occur in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ghii (rtgh) gene promoter, two of which partly overlap. the three regions containing these putative pit-1 binding sequences were protected from deoxyribonuclease i digestion by nuclear extracts of gc cells, a rat pituitary tumor ... | 1993 | 8507204 |
| [the development of the cestode fauna in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in a newly formed surface mine residual water]. | helminthofaunistical studies on rainbow trout, wild fish and zooplankton organisms of a recently emerged rest waters from an open-cast mine have been made continuously in the period from 1980 till 1990. three years after the beginning of the trout production larval triaenophorosis appeared as the first cestodosis. in the subsequent time changes of the cestode fauna of rainbow trout kept in net-cages could already be observed within a few years. possible causes for the replacement of eubothrium c ... | 1993 | 8508218 |
| purification and characterization of urotensin ii from the brain of a teleost (trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) and an elasmobranch (skate, raja rhina). | peptides related to urotensin ii have been isolated in pure form from an extract of whole brain of a teleost, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of an elasmobranch, the longnose skate (raja rhina). the primary structure of the trout peptide [gly-gly-asn-ser-glu-cys-phe-trp-lys-tyr-cys-val] is similar to that of urotensin ii peptides isolated from the urophyses of other teleost fish. for example, trout urotensin ii contains only one amino acid substitution (thr4-->ser) compared with urot ... | 1993 | 8138107 |
| [first report of camallanus corderoi torres, teuber and miranda, 1990 (nematoda: camallanidae) in cultured salmonids from puyehue lake, chile]. | during 1991, in one of three specimens of oncorhynchus mykiss cultured in puyehue lake (40 degrees 36's, 72 degrees 26'w) was registered for first time the infection by camallanus corderoi. comments on the morphological and geographic distribution of the three species of camallanus described in south america are also given. | 1993 | 7993535 |
| endocytosis and intracellular degradation of heterologous protein by eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) posterior intestine. | adherence capacity to tissue substrate, endocytosis capacity for heterologous and homologous proteins, and proteolytic activity were determined in intestinal granulocytes (egcs) isolated from healthy adult rainbow trout. the percentage of cells that could adhere to a smooth plastic surface increased with increasing incubation time. endocytosis was effective for heterologous (human immunoglobulin g, iggh; ovine somatotropin, ost) but not homologous proteins (recombinant trout somatotropin, rtst). ... | 1993 | 8004007 |
| insulin stimulates hepatic lipogenesis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of the pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon, on rates of lipid biosynthesis in liver removed from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were evaluated in vitro. livers were removed from animals fasted for 30-36h, cut into ca. 1 mm(3) pieces, and incubated in the presence of various concentrations of salmon insulin (sins), bovine insulin (bins), or a combination of bins and bovine/porcine glucagon (glu). lipid synthesis was evaluated by total lipid concentration, (3)h2o incorporati ... | 1993 | 24202502 |
| development of a protein binding assay for teleost insulin-like growth factor (igf)-like: relationships between growth hormone (gh) and igf-like in the blood of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | using rainbow trout plasma protein (igf-bp) which specifically binds human insulin-like growth factor (igf) (niu and le bail 1993), we have developed an assay to measure plasma igf-like levels in different teleost species. before the assay and to prevent interference by igf-bp, igf-like was extracted from all samples, using sp sephadex c-25 in acidic conditions. after this treatment, contamination of the igf fraction by igf-bp which was estimated by binding assay, was approximately 5%, and was n ... | 1993 | 24202498 |
| a c-terminal fragment of the hormone stanniocalcin is bioactive in eels. | an in vivo eel bioassay based on 45ca uptake from the ambient medium was used to compare the activity of native trout and american eel stanniocalcin (stc) with that of a synthetic c-terminal fragment (aa 202-231; peptide w) of australian eel stc. qualitatively, the action of peptide w resembled that of purified native rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) stc as well as fresh extracts of american eel stannius corpuscles in that they all inhibited whole animal ca2+ influx. this inhibition was obser ... | 1993 | 8224777 |
| brain sensitivity to anoxia in fish as reflected by changes in extracellular k+ activity. | most vertebrates have a very limited tolerance to anoxia. the only exceptions to this rule are found among ectothermic species, notably crucian carp (carassius carassius) and freshwater turtles. it has been assumed that the brains of these species are less sensitive to anoxia than ectothermic brains in general. however, it has not been possible to exclude that anoxia-intolerant species like rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) die from heart failure rather than brain failure during anoxia, and th ... | 1993 | 8447481 |
| a cluster type organization of the loci of the immunoglobulin light chain in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) indicated by nucleotide sequences of cdnas and hybridization analysis. | antibody screening and colony hybridization of cdna libraries have been used to isolate clones of the immunoglobulin light (igl) chain from atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum). sequence analysis shows dissimilarities in the constant part of the molecule (cl) within each species. comparisons of the amino acid sequences of the constant parts of the igl chains show a 55% identity between the two teleost species. when compared with other species the highest ... | 1993 | 8505063 |
| an immunocytochemical study of putative neurotransmitters in the metacercariae of two strigeoid trematodes from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | whole mounts of the metacercariae of diplostomum sp. and cotylurus erraticus from rainbow trout have been treated cytochemically for the demonstration of cholinergic, serotoninergic (5-hydroxytryptamine) and peptidergic elements in the nervous system. antisera directed against four vertebrate (pancreatic polypeptide, peptide yy, substance p and peptide histidine isoleucine) and two invertebrate peptides (neuropeptide f and fmrfamide) were used in an indirect immunofluorescence procedure in conju ... | 1993 | 7692434 |
| substance-p-related and neurokinin-a-related peptides from the brain of the cod and trout. | an extract of the brain of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss contained high concentrations of both neurokinin a-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 90 pmol mammalian neurokinin a/g wet tissue) and substance-p-like immunoreactivity (corresponding to 50 pmol mammalian substance p/g wet tissue) measured by radioimmunoassay using antisera directed against the c-terminal regions of the mammalian peptides. in contrast, an extract of the atlantic cod. gadus morhua contained only neurokinin-a-l ... | 1992 | 1376687 |
| frequency analyses of active nors in nuclei of artificially induced triploid fishes. | the correspondence between increased numbers of both chromosomal and nuclear nors and artificially induced triploidy in three fish species (rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss; common carp, cyprinus carpio; and tench, tinea tinea) has been confirmed by cma3 fluorescence and ag-staining. the frequencies of cell nuclei with one, two and three active nors, as revealed by ag-staining, has been analyzed statistically to find the minimum cell number which verifies the increased ploidy level. a minimum ... | 1992 | 24197230 |
| influence of blood sample collection on the haematocrit value of two teleosts: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax l.). | 1. the effects of the volume of blood extracted, number of extractions, and weight upon the haematocrit value of a freshwater teleost (oncorhynchus mykiss) and a marine one (dicentrarchus labrax) have been studied. 2. for trout with the same weight, the increase in the volume of blood extracted results in a significant increase in the haematocrit value. 3. for the same volume of blood extracted--in trout of the same weight--the second extraction results in a significant increase in the haematocr ... | 1992 | 1351449 |
| ependymins from the cerebrospinal fluid of salmonid fish: gene structure and molecular characterization. | so far, ependymins (epds) have been sequenced only from cypriniform fish, and in the past all attempts have failed to characterize, on a molecular level, homologous epd proteins in higher vertebrates. therefore, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) epds, which represent the predominant proteins of the cerebrospinal fluid, have been n-terminally sequenced and the encoding cdna subsequently cloned using the polymerase chain reaction. surprisingly, only 40-42% of the amino acids are identical with t ... | 1992 | 1511892 |
| relationship between blood o2 content and catecholamine levels during hypoxia in rainbow trout and american eel. | plasma catecholamine levels and arterial blood respiratory variables were monitored in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and american eel (anguilla rostrata) acutely exposed (30 min) to graded levels of external hypoxia [water po2 (pwo2) 20-90 torr]. the experiments were designed to evaluate the factors controlling catecholamine mobilization in hypoxic fish and to elucidate the basis of marked interspecific differences. in trout, plasma catecholamine levels were unchanged when pwo2 remained ab ... | 1992 | 1510165 |
| the relationship between beta-adrenoceptors and adrenergic responsiveness in trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. | experiments were performed in vitro specifically to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of the attenuated adrenergic responses of eel (anguilla rostrata) erythrocytes. this was achieved by comparing beta-adrenoceptor numbers and affinities in addition to (i) na+/h+ exchange activity, (ii) cell swelling and (iii) cyclic amp formation mediated by catecholamines in eel and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. under normoxic conditions, eel erythrocytes d ... | 1992 | 1321872 |
| interrelationships between gill chloride cell morphology and calcium uptake in freshwater teleosts. | the involvement of the freshwater fish gill chloride cells (ccs) in trans-branchial calcium uptake (jinca(2+)) was investigated. this was accomplished by assessing the interspecific relationships between the apical surface area of ccs exposed to the external environment and jinca(2+). three species of freshwater teleosts, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the american eel (anguilla rostrata) and the brown bullhead catfish (ictalurus nebulosus), were used. chronic (ten-day) treatment with ... | 1992 | 24214330 |
| immunostimulants added to injected aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and protection levels against pathogen challenge with aeromonas salmonicida. three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the usa), a quaternary ammonium compound (qac), and a short-chain polypeptide (isk) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic acti ... | 1992 | 1280879 |
| the absorption of hydrophobic chemicals across perfused rainbow trout gills: methodological aspects. | the absorption rates of 4-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol, and tetrachloroveratrol across fish gill epithelium have been measured in a perfused gill preparation from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in additional experiments the absorption rate of tetrachloroveratrol was measured in free swimming fish. the absorption rates were perfusion limited in gills perfused with a saline containing 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone mw 40,000 (pvp-40) as a plasma protein substitute. replac ... | 1992 | 1282872 |
| in vitro effect of levamisole on the neutrophil activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an in vitro immunization and cultivation method for fish spleen organ section was used to investigate the effects of levamisole on the neutrophil activity. after 10 days of culture with either 50 micrograms/ml, 25 micrograms/ml, 5 micrograms/ml or no levamisole in the media, the nonspecific defense reactions were measured by determining the metabolic activity of neutrophils by using the nitroblue tetrazolium test, and phagocytic and adherence indexes by incubating the fish cells with suspensions ... | 1992 | 1285074 |
| gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n. (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) in czechoslovakia. | gyrodactylus bohemicus sp. n (gyrodactylidae: monogenea) is described from the fins, skin and gill filaments of oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) and salvelinus fontinalis (mitchill) (clupeiformes: salmonidae) from a trout farm in czechoslovakia. g. bohemicus sp. n. is most closely related to g. thymalli zitnan, 1960 and g. magnus konovalov, 1967 in the shape of the anchors, the ventral and the dorsal bar, but can be distinguished from both these species by the shape of the marginal hook proper. | 1992 | 1291456 |
| pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in fingerling rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the pharmacokinetics of intravenously and orally administered enrofloxacin was determined in fingerling rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). doses of 5 or 10 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight were administered intravenously to 26 fish for each dose and blood was sampled over a 60-h period at 15 degrees c. two groups of fish were treated orally with 5, 10, or 50 mg/kg (80 fish/dose at each temperature) and held at 15 degrees c or 10 degrees c during the 60-h sampling period. following intravenous ad ... | 1992 | 1315398 |
| mhc class ii beta-chain expression in the rainbow trout. | a cdna clone corresponding to the mhc class ii beta-chain of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been isolated and used in restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) studies in a family of full siblings of rainbow trout. a very simple rflp pattern was detected, suggesting segregation of a homozygote aa genotype and a heterozygote ab genotype. the mhc class ii beta-chain of the rainbow trout seems to be transcribed in the same type of cells as class ii genes of higher vertebrates eve ... | 1992 | 1351315 |
| stimulation of hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by pacific salmon growth hormone. | 1. growth hormone extracted from pacific salmon pituitaries (sgh) was injected intra-peritoneally into rainbow trout to determine sgh effects on plasma levels of thyroxine (t4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) and properties of the hepatic 5'-deiodinase enzyme (5'-d) responsible for t4 to t3 conversion. 2. after 24 hr, sgh (0.1 or 0.5 microgram/g) did not alter the plasma t4 level or 5'-d, km, but elevated plasma t3 and especially 5'-d vmax. 3. thus sgh, like the previously tested human gh, acutely ... | 1992 | 1351442 |
| dietary arginine requirement of young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. two growth trials were conducted with young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to determine the dietary arginine requirement under conditions of rapid weight gain at 15 degrees c. 2. the growth requirement does not exceed 4.2 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen and, thus, is much lower than the value of 6.0 g arginine/16 g dietary nitrogen presently listed by the nrc for chinook salmon and widely applied to all salmonids. 3. comparison of the present results with the arginine requirement of the ... | 1992 | 1351818 |
| immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial kidney disease in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) developed a post-infectious chronic membranous glomerulonephritis 15 months after they had been experimentally infected with renibacterium salmoninarum. histologically, peritubular and periglomerular fibrosis, hypercellular glomeruli with occluded bowman's space, and partial or complete adhesion to bowman's capsule were constant features. electron microscopy revealed thickened glomerular basement membranes with spikes accompanied by finely granular electron-de ... | 1992 | 1385916 |
| dexamethasone stimulates release of an anp-like substance from rainbow trout cardiocytes. | a substance that cross-reacts with antiserum to human atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) is found in fish hearts. this anp-like material increases sodium output from the gill and kidney while inhibiting sodium uptake in the gut. mammalian anp secretion is stimulated by glucocorticoids, and cortisol injection increases sodium output in salt-loaded fish. therefore, we wanted to determine if the release of anp in fish is sensitive to dexamethasone. ventricle cardiocytes from the rainbow trout oncorhy ... | 1992 | 1387296 |
| effects of nutritional state, insulin, and glucagon on lipid mobilization in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of nutritional state, insulin, and glucagon on lipid mobilization were determined in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. in nutritional state experiments, fish were either fed continuously (except 24 to 36 hr prior to experimentation) with commercial trout chow or fasted for 4 weeks. lipase activity in liver tissue isolated from fasted fish and cultured for 5 hr was greater than that in tissue isolated from fed fish and cultured. the presence of glucose (5.55 mm) in the incubation me ... | 1992 | 1398015 |
| the energetic cost of protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | to establish the energetic cost of protein synthesis, isolated trout hepatocytes were used to measure protein synthesis and respiration simultaneously at a variety of temperatures. the presence of bovine serum albumin was essential for the viability of isolated hepatocytes during isolation, but, in order to measure protein synthesis rates, oxygen consumption rates and rna-to-protein ratios, bsa had to be washed from the cells. isolated hepatocytes were found to be capable of protein synthesis an ... | 1992 | 1401333 |
| identification of a second insulin-like growth factor in a fish species. | an internal portion of insulin-like growth factor (igf) amplified from the total cdna of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver by a pcr was used to screen a rainbow trout liver cdna library, and recombinant clones encoding two distinct igfs were isolated. on the basis of a 98.7% nucleotide and 98.3% predicted amino acid identity to coho salmon igf-i, one cdna sequence was identified as rainbow trout preproinsulin-like growth factor i (rtigf-i). the second cdna sequence shared 46.1% and 43.3% ... | 1992 | 1409585 |
| chronic fasting reduces the response of the thyroid to growth hormone and tsh, and alters the growth hormone-related changes in hepatic 5'-monodeiodinase activity in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | chronically fasted rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) had significantly lower plasma l-thyroxine (t4) and triiodo-l-thyronine (t3), and higher plasma growth hormone (gh) concentrations than fed animals. fasted and fed trout were administered bovine thyrotropic hormone (btsh), native ovine gh (ogh), or recombinant human gh (rhgh) alone, or gh in combination with btsh to further study the effects of food deprivation on the activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis and on the control of hepatic t3 pr ... | 1992 | 1426938 |
| the effects of computer-controlled shadow stimuli on the success of cercarial transmission by cryptocotyle lingua (digenea: heterophyidae). | pectoral fins from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were used in a bioassay, the object of which was to quantify the effect of simulated shadow stimuli on the transmission success of the cercariae. for a period of 60 min, parasites and fins were exposed to a sequence of computer-controlled shadow stimuli, continuous light or total darkness, and subsequently the number of infections was counted. trials were conducted with cercariae 1, 12 and 24 h old. within the constraints of the exp ... | 1992 | 1454422 |
| characterization of peptides related to neuropeptide tyrosine and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine from the brain and gastrointestinal tract of teleost fish. | neuropeptide y was isolated from the brain of the atlantic cod, gadus morhua and its primary structure established as tyr-pro-ile*-lys-pro-glu*-asn-pro-gly-glu10-asp-ala-pro-ala-asp*-g lu*-leu*-ala- lys*-tyr20-tyr-ser-ala-leu-arg-his-tyr-ile-asn-leu30-ile-thr -arg-gln-arg-tyr- conh2. residues denoted by an asterisk are different from the corresponding sequence of human neuropeptide y. a structurally similar peptide was isolated from the brain of the trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. trout neuropeptide ... | 1992 | 1459125 |
| zona radiata proteins are synthesized by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes in response to oestradiol-17 beta. | the present study delineates the origin of the three major proteins constituting the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata. intraperitoneal administration of oestradiol-17 beta induced the appearance in the blood from juvenile fish (both sexes) of proteins immunoreactive to rabbit antisera against zona radiata proteins (zr proteins). these proteins had similar molecular weights to the zr proteins (alpha, 60 kda; beta, 55 kda; and gamma, 50 kda). primary hepatocyte cultures from fish t ... | 1992 | 1474336 |
| phosphofructokinase from white muscle of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: purification and properties. | phosphofructokinase was purified and characterized from the white skeletal muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. purification involved three steps: ion-exchange chromatography on hydroxyapatite and affinity chromatography on phosphocellulose and atp-agarose. a final specific activity of 75 units per mg of protein at 22 degrees c and ph 7.2 with 40% recovery was obtained. the purified enzyme gave a single band on sds-page with a subunit molecular mass of 76.5 +/- 0.6 kda. based on gel filt ... | 1992 | 1477103 |
| isolation and primary structure of gastrin-releasing peptide from a teleost fish, the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | immunohistochemical studies have established that fish gastrointestinal tissues contain peptides with gastrin-releasing peptide (grp)/bombesin-like immunoreactivity, but the molecular nature of this material is unclear. in this study, the most abundant peptide that was immunoreactive towards an antiserum raised against pig grp was isolated in pure form from an extract of the stomach of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the primary structure of the peptide was established as: ser-glu-asn-t ... | 1992 | 1480521 |
| enrichment of metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of cod (gadus morhua) following oral administration of hexachlorobenzene and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl. | the disposition of 14c-labelled hexachlorobenzene (hcb) and 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (tricb) was studied in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). for both compounds tape section autoradiography revealed substantial amounts of radiolabelled material in the central nervous system (cns) of cod, whereas only traces of radioactivity were observed in the cns of rainbow trout. furthermore, an enrichment of radiolabelled compound in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was observed in the ... | 1992 | 1480551 |
| the primary structure of piscine (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein and a comparison with the three-dimensional structure of mammalian retinol-binding protein. | 1. the primary structures of two variants of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma retinol-binding protein (rbp) were determined and found to be approximately 60% identical with those of both human and xenopus laevis rbps. the comparable sequence similarities that we have found agree with the estimate of similar divergence times between bony fishes and mammals and between bony fishes and amphibians. the two piscine rbp variants differ by six amino acid substitutions at positions that are no ... | 1992 | 1483476 |
| purification and characterization of two chymotrypsin-like proteases from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1. two chymotrypsins, called chymotrypsin i and ii, were purified from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout, by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (phenyl-sepharose) and ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sepharose). 2. the approximate molecular weights of chymotrypsin i and ii were 28,200 (+/- 1200) and 28,800 (+/- 900), respectively, as determined by sds-page and their isoelectric points were about 5. 3. the ph optima of the enzymes were centered around nine, when ass ... | 1992 | 1499272 |
| isolation of an acute-phase phosphorylcholine-reactive pentraxin from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). | 1. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) serum contains a protein that precipitates pneumococcal c-polysaccharide (cps) in a calcium-dependent fashion. 2. the serum titer of this protein follows an acute-phase pattern in catfish injected with turpentine. 3. a non-glycosylated, phosphorylcholine (pc)-reactive protein (prp) with molecular mass ca 100 kda, was isolated from channel catfish acute-phase sera by affinity chromatography on pc-sepharose 4b. 4. contaminating proteins with molecular masse ... | 1992 | 1499290 |
| rainbow trout mitochondrial dna: sequence and structural characteristics of the non-coding control region and flanking trna genes. | we have determined the sequence of the 1003-bp control region (also referred to as the 'displacement-loop region') and flanking trna genes in the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. this region has the same overall structure (i.e., trnt-trnp-control region-trnf) as in mammalian and amphibian (xenopus laevis) mitochondrial (mt)dnas. the trout control region contains apparent homologues of the conserved sequence blocks (csb) and termination-associated sequences ide ... | 1992 | 1511893 |
| [triiodothyronine is needed for the acclimatization of brown trout (salmo trutta) or rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to seawater]. | brown and rainbow trout, held in freshwater at 13 +/- 1 degrees, were injected, every 3 days, with iopanoic acid (iop: 5 mg/100 g body wt), an inhibitor of deiodination of thyroxine (t4) to triiodothyronine (t3). one group of iop-treated rainbow trout was immersed in t3 (20 micrograms/l water). in iop trout, plasma t3 fell to very low levels by day 7, while changes in t4 levels were less marked. in iop + t3 trout plasma t3 increased fivefold, plasma t4 being unchanged. no mortality occurred and ... | 1992 | 1521165 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the cdna encoding p-450 aromatase (p450arom) from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary; relationship between the amount of p450arom mrna and the production of oestradiol-17 beta in the ovary. | the enzyme aromatase p-450 (p450arom) catalyses the conversion of androgen to oestrogen. a cdna insert encoding p450arom was isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovary cdna library. the insert was sequenced and found to contain an open-reading frame predicted to encode a protein of 522 amino acid residues. the deduced polypeptide is 52% homologous with human, mouse and rat p450arom and 53% homologous with that of chicken. the insert was confirmed to encode p450arom by introducing ... | 1992 | 1543534 |
| neutrophil, glass-adherent, nitroblue tetrazolium assay gives early indication of immunization effectiveness in rainbow trout. | neutrophil activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is increased upon antigenic stimulation with the yersinia ruckeri o-antigen bacterin. the characteristics of neutrophil attachment to glass and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) staining were used to determine the effectiveness of immunization programs with fingerling rainbow trout. fish immunized by intraperitoneal injection with doses of 100, 10, or 1 microgram of the bacterin showed the highest responses in that order in numbers of glass ad ... | 1992 | 1546446 |
| [antibacterial resistance induced by injection of ascitic fluid (with igm partially removed) and natural monoclonal antibodies of human origin in rainbow trout]. | human monoclonal immunoglobulins m from myeloma shown to have the typical polyspecificity of natural antibodies, were precipitated from the ascitic fluid that originally contained them. the igm and their supernatant were injected in parallel, intraperitoneally into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to test passive protection against experimental furunculosis. protection was observed in both cases (significant protection at 2%). however, only trout treated with igm were still protected against ... | 1992 | 1559182 |
| influence of hypophysectomy, castration, fasting, and spermiation on sbp concentration in male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the influence of different experimental and physiological conditions on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) concentrations in the blood (and in hepatic and testicular cytosols) has been studied on male rainbow trout. sbp was measured with a specific binding assay. the aim was to further understanding of regulation of the sbp and in particular to determine the respective influences of reproductive and metabolic status. twelve days after hypophysectomy, pituitary and steroid hormones were dramatical ... | 1992 | 1563611 |
| hplc analysis of in vitro hepatic deiodination products of thyroid hormones in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | reverse-phase hplc employing five different solvent systems was used to determine the 125i-labeled products formed in rainbow trout by in vitro incubation at 12 degrees of the hepatic microsome fraction with l-thyroxine (t4) labeled with 125i in the outer phenyl ring. trout were starved for 2 weeks or fed a 2% ration. the only labeled products identified during incubation for 7.5-70 min over a t4 substrate range of 0.03-0.5 nm were 125i- and 3,5,[125i]3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3). these products ... | 1992 | 1577240 |
| the acute influence of ingested thyroid hormones on hepatic deiodination pathways in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | juvenile rainbow trout were fed once daily with trout pellets supplemented with l-thyroxine (t4) or 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and the effects on plasma t4 and t3 levels and hepatic 5'-monodeiodinase (5'd) activity determined after 1, 2, or 3 days. in all cases t3 (12 ppm) elevated plasma t3 and caused a significant reduction in the functional level (vmax) of 5'd with no change in enzyme affinity (km). after 3 daily meals (3 ppm t3), 5'd activity fell to 52% of control levels. in most insta ... | 1992 | 1577241 |
| intra- and extra-cellular sources of t3 binding to putative thyroid hormone receptors in liver, kidney, and gill nuclei of immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the sources of extracellular and intracellular 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) binding to putative thyroid hormone receptors in liver, kidney, and gill nuclei were determined in vivo for immature rainbow trout at 12 degrees c. both [131i]t3 and [125i]t4 were injected intraperitoneally, the plasma and tissues were examined at isotopic equilibrium at 20 h, and the proportions of intracellular [125i]t3 and extracellular [131i]t3 saturably bound in the nucleus were determined. comparable total amoun ... | 1992 | 1583450 |
| cortisol content of eggs and larvae of teleosts. | the whole-animal content of the cortisol was measured in embryos and larvae of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), ayu (plecoglossus altivelis), milkfish (chanos chanos), and yellowfin bream (acanthropagrus latus) by radioimmunoassay following the validation of an extraction method. the total cortisol content in tilapia was 50.3 +/- 19.1 pg immediately following fertilization, then decreased abruptly and maintained a lower level of 10-17 pg until larval hatchi ... | 1992 | 1601267 |
| properties of t4 5'-deiodinating systems in various tissues of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | l-thyroxine (t4) 5'-monodeiodinase (5'd) activity was examined in the microsomal fractions of liver, kidney, gill, white skeletal muscle, and red blood cells (rbc) of fed rainbow trout held in freshwater at 12 degrees. two distinct 5'd systems were established and were examined at low (0.08-1.3 nm) or high (1.6-25 nm) t4 substrate ranges. the low substrate 5'd occurred in liver, gill, and muscle, but not in kidney or rbc. the ph optimum was 7.0 and the optimum dithiothreitol (dtt) level ranged f ... | 1992 | 1601281 |
| thyroid hormone increases transcription of growth hormone mrna in rainbow trout pituitary. | treatment of young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fish for one week with thyroid hormone (t3) (3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine) increased the steady state levels of mrna for growth hormone in the pituitary 3-4 times as compared to control groups. the steady state levels of growth hormone in the pituitary and in the plasma, were not significantly altered. this implicates the existence in fish of a molecular mechanism of transcriptional stimulation of the gh gene by thyroid hormone, similar to tha ... | 1992 | 1612552 |
| sequential development of the immune response in rainbow trout [oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792)] to experimental plerocercoid infections of diphyllobothrium dendriticum (nitzsch, 1824). | development of the inflammatory response of rainbow trout to experimental infections with diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids is described using light and electron microscopy. the cellular response to plerocercoids occurred within 2 weeks post-infection (p.i.). this was followed by an increase in leucocyte numbers during weeks 3-6 p.i., with full encapsulation of plerocercoids by week 6 p.i. neutrophils were the first leucocytes to engage the developing plerocercoid, followed by large inf ... | 1992 | 1614733 |
| effects of short-term 17 beta-estradiol treatment on the properties of t4-binding proteins in the plasma of immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | to determine the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (e2) on the properties of the plasma proteins that bind l-thyroxine (t4) immature rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were injected intraperitoneally on days 0 and 3 with 0.5 mg e2-3-benzoate/100 g body weight, and plasma was sampled on days 4, 7, or 12. control trout received peanut oil alone. e2 caused a small but significant decrease in the free t4 index. saturation analysis on miniature g-25 sephadex columns revealed at least two major t4-binding ... | 1992 | 1624912 |
| a comparative study of the host-parasite relationship of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) in two species of fish from lake rosario (chubut, argentina). | some aspects of the host-parasite relationships of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) in 2 fish species from lake rosario (chubut, argentina) were studied. the fish species patagonina hatcheri (atherinidae) is autochthonous, and oncorhynchus mykiss (salmonidae) is introduced. the host species appears to influence attachment, size, sexual maturity, and distribution of parasites along the digestive tract. in p. hatcheri, an effective major host, parasites are attached firmly to the wall o ... | 1992 | 1635031 |
| effects of human insulin-like growth factor-i on release of growth hormone by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pituitary cells. | a recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) was applied to primary cultures of rainbow trout pituitary cells. in wells containing 3 x 10(4) and 6 x 10(4) cells/well, rhigf-i inhibited basal gh release both in short (6 h) and long (12 and 24 h) exposures. the decline in gh release was dose-dependent over the range of 0.01 and 100 mm. the combination of rhigf-i and low concentrations of synthetic somatostatin (srif) enhanced the inhibitory effect of rhigf-i in an additive manner. any appreciable effect of ... | 1992 | 1640199 |
| vector specificity of trypanosoma catostomi and its infectivity to freshwater fishes. | trypanosoma catostomi was found in 36.2% of 558 white suckers (catostomus commersoni) from ontario, canada. the abundance of actinobdella inequiannulata was 35% (68 leeches/197 suckers examined for leeches). the susceptibility of 3 species of leeches (hemiclepsis marginata, desserobdella phalera, and a. inequiannulata) and 7 species of fishes (c. commersoni, amia calva, anguilla rostrata, ictalurus nebulosus, oncorhynchus mykiss, perca flavescens, and esox lucius) to infection with t. catostomi ... | 1992 | 1738075 |
| the piscine plasma retinol-binding protein. purification, partial amino acid sequence and interaction with mammalian transthyretin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein. | 1. retinol-binding protein (rbp) has been isolated from the pooled plasma or rainbow trouts (oncorhinchus mykiss) by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. by this procedure two forms of the protein, both with a molecular mass (approximately 20 kda) similar to that of mammalian rbp, were purified to homogeneity. five amino acid substitutions have been found in the partial (about 60%) sequences of the two forms of trout rbp, which are presumably ac ... | 1992 | 1740159 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) regulation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): influence of sex steroid hormones and of factors linked to growth and metabolism. | the respective roles of sex steroids and hormones related to growth and metabolism, on sbp regulation have been studied in rainbow trout. in vivo, oestradiol (e2) supplementation induces a slow but significant increase of plasma sbp concentration. testosterone or cortisol injections have no effect. in vitro, the steroid binding protein that accumulates in incubation medium of hepatic cell primary cultures has been characterized and found to be similar to blood sbp. its production is increased by ... | 1991 | 1751398 |
| virulence and serum-resistance in different clonal groups and serotypes of yersinia ruckeri. | the virulence in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) of 32 isolates of yersinia ruckeri, representing a range of biotypes, serotypes, and omp-types, was examined. virulence was assayed in fish of average weight 7.7 g by bath challenge for 1 h with approximately 5 x 10(7) cells per ml. two of the six serotype o1 clonal groups of y. ruckeri, clones 2 and 5, were virulent, whereas the other four clonal groups, clones 1, 3, 4 and 6, as well as all serotype o2, o5, o6 and o7 isolates examined, were a ... | 1991 | 1771752 |
| leucocyte migration in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss [walbaum]): optimization of migration conditions and responses to host and pathogen (diphyllobothrium dendriticum [nitzsch]) derived chemoattractants. | a rainbow trout leucocyte-derived chemoattractant(s) was prepared and tested as a stimulant of leucocyte migration. it was used to optimize an in vitro leucocyte migration assay using a 48-well micro chemotaxis chamber. this assay has subsequently been used to test the chemoattractant activity of antigen extracts from the tegument of diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids and conditioned medium obtained after in vitro maintenance of live plerocercoids. leucocytes were found to have an increa ... | 1991 | 1773854 |
| isolation of sockeye salmon growth hormone utilizing serum triiodothyronine enhancement in rainbow trout to monitor biological activity. | growth hormone (gh) was isolated from sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) pituitary glands using established techniques of affinity and gel filtration chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the gh activity was followed throughout the fractionation procedure with a bioassay based on the increase of serum triiodothyronine (t3) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), measured by radioimmunoassay (ria). amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and subsequent compariso ... | 1991 | 1808018 |
| location and characterization of growth hormone binding sites in the central nervous system of a teleost fish (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the binding of 125i-chinook salmon growth hormone (125i-sgh) to rainbow trout brain membranes was studied. specific binding was detected on telencephalon, thalamus-midbrain, cerebellum-medulla and hypothalamus. in all brain regions, specific binding was dependent on membrane protein concentration, being linear in the range of 250-2500 micrograms of membrane proteins (derived from 30-300 mg wet weight tissue). scatchard analysis evidenced a single class of high affinity (8.2 +/- 0.3-10 +/- 0.5 x ... | 1991 | 1842346 |