Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| establishment of aedes aegypti (l.) in mountainous regions in mexico: increasing number of population at risk of mosquito-borne disease and future climate conditions. | the study was conducted in the central region of veracruz mexico, in the metropolitan area of xalapa. it is a mountainous area where aedes aegypti (l.) is not currently endemic. an entomological survey was done along an elevation gradient using the ae. aegypti occurrences at different life cycle stages. seven sites were sampled and a total of 24 mosquito species were recorded: 9 species were found in urban areas, 18 in non-urban areas with remnant vegetation, and 3 occurred in both environments. ... | 2017 | 27863974 |
| repellency and larvicidal activity of essential oils from xylopia laevigata, xylopia frutescens, lippia pedunculosa, and their individual compounds against aedes aegypti linnaeus. | in order to find new alternatives for vector control and personal protection, we evaluated the larvicidal and repellent activity of essentials oils from plants found in the northeast of brazil against aedes aegypti linnaeus mosquitoes. the plants tested include xylopia laevigata, xylopia frutescens, and lippia pedunculosa and their major compounds, piperitenone oxide, and (r)-limonene. the essential oil of l. pedunculosa and its major volatile compounds were shown to be toxic for ae. aegypti lar ... | 2017 | 27844468 |
| dynamic expression of genes encoding subunits of inward rectifier potassium (kir) channels in the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. | inward rectifier potassium (kir) channels play fundamental roles in neuromuscular, epithelial, and endocrine function in mammals. recent research in insects suggests that kir channels play critical roles in the development, immune function, and excretory physiology of fruit flies and/or mosquitoes. moreover, our group has demonstrated that mosquito kir channels may serve as valuable targets for the development of novel insecticides. here we characterize the molecular expression of 5 mrnas encodi ... | 2017 | 27836744 |
| the formulation of the essential oil of piper aduncum linnaeus (piperales: piperaceae) increases its efficacy as an insect repellent. | the essential oil (eo) of piper aduncum linnaeus, known as 'sireh lada' to locals malaysian, has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic insect repellents such as n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide. however, the eo's efficacy as a repellent decreases after application due to the high volatility of its active ingredients. a number of studies have showed that optimizing the formulation of plant-based eos can improve their efficacy as repellents. the present study sought to evaluate the eff ... | 2017 | 27819201 |
| mosquito populations dynamics associated with climate variations. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of numerous serious pathogens. members of the aedes and culex genera, which include many important vectors of mosquito-borne diseases, are highly invasive and adapted to man-made environments. they are spread around the world involuntarily by humans and are highly adapted to urbanized environments, where they are exposed to climate-related abundance drivers. we investigated culicidae fauna in two urban parks in the city of são paulo to analyze the ... | 2017 | 27810426 |
| essential oils enhance the toxicity of permethrin against aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. | insecticide resistance and growing public concern over the safety and environmental impacts of some conventional insecticides have resulted in the need to discover alternative control tools. naturally occurring botanically-based compounds are of increased interest to aid in the management of mosquitoes. susceptible strains of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) (diptera: culicidae) and anopheles gambiae (meigen) (diptera: culicidae) were treated with permethrin, a common type-i synthetic pyrethroid, using ... | 2017 | 27800630 |
| how much does inbreeding reduce heterozygosity? empirical results from aedes aegypti. | deriving strains of mosquitoes with reduced genetic variation is useful, if not necessary, for many genetic studies. inbreeding is the standard way of achieving this. full-sib inbreeding the mosquito aedes aegypti for seven generations reduced heterozygosity to 72% of the initial heterozygosity in contrast to the expected 13%. this deviation from expectations is likely due to high frequencies of deleterious recessive alleles that, given the number of markers studied (27,674 single nucleotide pol ... | 2017 | 27799643 |
| salinity responsive aquaporins in the anal papillae of the larval mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the larvae of the mosquito, aedes aegypti normally inhabit freshwater (fw) where they face dilution of body fluids by osmotic influx of water. in response, the physiological actions of the anal papillae result in ion uptake while the malpighian tubules and rectum work in concert to excrete excess water. in an apparent paradox, the anal papillae express aquaporins (aqps) and are sites of water permeability which, if aqps are expressed by the epithelium, apparently exaggerates the influx of water ... | 2017 | 27642095 |
| impact of micropollutants on the life-history traits of the mosquito aedes aegypti: on the relevance of transgenerational studies. | hazard assessment of chemical contaminants often relies on short term or partial life-cycle ecotoxicological tests, while the impact of low dose throughout the entire life cycle of species across multiple generations has been neglected. this study aimed at identifying the individual and population-level consequences of chronic water contamination by environmental concentrations of three organic micropollutants, ibuprofen, bisphenol a and benzo[a]pyrene, on aedes aegypti mosquito populations in e ... | 2017 | 27667679 |
| changes in infestation sites of female aedes aegypti in northeast brazil. | we report the behavioral changes in use of oviposition sites in aedes aegypti in fortaleza, brazil. | 2017 | 27598639 |
| cost of intensive routine control and incremental cost of insecticide-treated curtain deployment in a setting with low aedes aegypti infestation. | information regarding the cost of implementing insecticide-treated curtains (itcs) is scarce. therefore, we evaluated the itc implementation cost, in addition to the costs of intensive conventional routine activities of the aedes control program in the city of guantanamo, cuba. | 2017 | 27598627 |
| molecular docking and simulation studies of gustatory receptor of aedes aegypti: a potent drug target to distract host-seeking behaviour in mosquitoes. | it is well reported that exhaled co 2 and skin odour from human being assist female mosquitoes to locate human host. basically, the receptors for this activity are expressed in cpa neurons. in both aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae, this co 2-sensitive olfactory neuron detects myriad number of chemicals present in human skin. therefore, manipulation of gustatory receptors housing these neurons may serve as important targets for behavioural intervention. the study was aimed towards virtual scre ... | 2017 | 27353589 |
| impact of container material on the development of aedes aegypti larvae at different temperatures. | aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue generally breeds in intradomestic and peridomestic containers made up of different materials, i.e. plastic, iron, rubber, earthen material etc. the material of container is likely to affect the temperature of water in container with variation in environmental temperature. the present study was aimed to determine the effect of different container materials on larval development of ae. aegypti at different temperatures. | 2017 | 27353584 |
| spatial distribution and insecticide susceptibility status of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in dengue affected urban areas of rawalpindi, pakistan. | dengue is one of the most common arthropod-borne viral diseases which is transmitted mainly by two vector species, aedes aegypti (linnaeus 1762) and ae. albopictus (skuse, 1894) worldwide. as there is no effective medicine and vaccine available, vector control remains the most effective measure to prevent its transmission and outbreak. the aim of the study was to confirm the co-occurrence of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus populations in the different localities of rawalpindi, pakistan and exam ... | 2017 | 27353583 |
| spatial analysis of wing geometry in dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae), populations in metropolitan manila, philippines. | aedes aegypti (l.) is an efficient vector for arboviral diseases such as dengue. the wings of ae. aegypti has been extensively studied in order to investigate population heterogeneity and structure by utilizing a landmark based geometric morphometrics (gms) approach. the aim of this study was to examine and assess the wing geometry of ae. aegypti in metropolitan manila. | 2017 | 27353582 |
| salinity alters snakeskin and mesh transcript abundance and permeability in midgut and malpighian tubules of larval mosquito, aedes aegypti. | this study examined the distribution and localization of the septate junction (sj) proteins snakeskin (ssk) and mesh in osmoregulatory organs of larval mosquito (aedes aegypti), as well as their response to altered environmental salt levels. ssk and mesh transcripts and immunoreactivity were detected in tissues of endodermal origin such as the midgut and malpighian tubules of a. aegypti larvae, but not in ectodermally derived hindgut and anal papillae. immunolocalization of ssk and mesh in the m ... | 2017 | 27988380 |
| diverse subcellular localizations of the insect cmp-sialic acid synthetases. | the occurrence and biological importance of sialic acid (sia) and its metabolic enzymes in insects have been studied using drosophila melanogaster. the most prominent feature of d. melanogaster cmp-sia synthetase (dmcss) is its golgi-localization, contrasted with nuclear localization of vertebrate csss. however, it remains unclear if the golgi-localization is common to other insect csss and why it happens. to answer these questions, aedes aegypti (mosquito) css (aacss) and tribolium castaneum (b ... | 2017 | 27986833 |
| field comparisons of the gravid aedes trap (gat) and bg-sentinel trap for monitoring aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) populations and notes on indoor gat collections in vietnam. | we report on the use of the gravid aedes trap (gat) as a surveillance device for aedes albopictus (skuse) relative to the bg-sentinel (bgs) trap in field studies conducted in trenton, nj, and on hammond island, queensland, australia. a parallel study conducted in nha trang, vietnam, assessed the use of the gat as an indoor surveillance device as well as the use of canola oil as a noninsecticide killing agent. in trenton and hammond island, the gat collected fewer male (0.40 ± 0.12 and 0.43 ± 0.3 ... | 2017 | 27707983 |
| synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel pyrimidine derivatives containing urea pharmacophore against aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector for the transmission of serious diseases, especially dengue and yellow fever. more than 1 billion people in developing countries are at risk. the widespread and continual use of pesticides can lead to resistant mosquitoes. in order to maintain mosquito control gains, it is critical to develop and evaluate novel bioactive molecules that differ in mode of action from currently used products. | 2017 | 27448764 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in a tree hole in brazil. | 2017 | 27384845 | |
| serious disease outbreaks caused by viruses transmitted by aedes aegypti in brazil. | 2017 | 27384820 | |
| sexual chemoecology of mosquitoes (diptera, culicidae): current knowledge and implications for vector control programs. | mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) act as vectors of medical and veterinary importance, due to their ability to transmit many pathogens and parasites. renewed interest has been recently devoted to the potential of sterile insect technique (sit) for mosquito suppression. however, the success of the sit is mostly dependent on the ability of sterile males to compete for mates with the wild ones in the field. nevertheless, little is known on the sexual chemical ecology of mosquitoes, with special refer ... | 2017 | 27692501 |
| toxicity of squamocin on aedes aegypti larvae, its predators and human cells. | the mosquito aedes aegypti transmits a virus that causes diverse human diseases, and control of the vector is an important strategy to avoid disease propagation. plants in the family annonaceae are recognised as sources of molecules with uses in the medical and agriculture fields. molecules of secondary metabolites of annonaceae plants exhibit insecticidal potential against insect pests and vectors, especially acetogenins, showing high toxicity at low doses, which has encouraged research into pr ... | 2017 | 27366879 |
| trypsin inhibitor from leucaena leucocephala seeds delays and disrupts the development of aedes aegypti, a multiple-disease vector. | nowadays, the aedes aegypti mosquito represents a serious public health issue in view of the large outbreaks of the arboviral diseases zika, dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. this holometabolous insect has midgut digestive enzymes that are trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteins. protease inhibitors are able to bind to proteolytic enzymes and promote a blockage in digestion and nutrition, leading to death. thus, we investigated the effect of trypsin inhibitor of leucaena leucocephala (lti) s ... | 2017 | 27040615 |
| [control of aedes aegypti breeding sites with the program recicla por tu bienestar in merida, mexico]. | to determine the importance of ae. aegypti breeding-sites in merida;to evaluate the impact of recicla por tu bienestar (rxb, a recycling program) on the reduction of breeding sites and the perception of participants. | 2017 | 26302122 |
| estimating the size of aedes aegypti populations from dengue incidence data: implications for the risk of yellow fever outbreaks. | in this paper we present a model to estimate the density of aedes mosquitoes in a community affected by dengue. the method consists in fitting a continuous function to the incidence of dengue infections, from which the density of infected mosquitoes is derived straightforwardly. further derivations allow the calculation of the latent and susceptible mosquitoes' densities, the sum of the three equals the total mosquitoes' density. the method is illustrated with the case of the risk of urban yello ... | 2017 | 30137722 |
| fly ash-based water dispersible powder formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: development & laboratory evaluation against mosquito immatures. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) formulations are presently being used for insect control. in this study, a water dispersible powder (wdp) formulation using fly ash (fa) as a carrier material was developed and studied for its activity against the larval stages of major mosquito vector species. | 2017 | 29664029 |
| environmental factors can influence dengue reported cases. | global climate changes directly affect the natural environment and contribute to an increase in the transmission of diseases by vectors. among these diseases, dengue is at the top of the list. the aim of our study was to understand the consequences of temporal variability of air temperature in the occurrence of dengue in an area comprising seven municipalities of the greater são paulo. | 2017 | 29451659 |
| evaluation of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of leucas aspera and hyptis suaveolens and their larvicidal activity against malaria, dengue and filariasis vectors. | the present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from the aqueous leaf extracts of leucas aspera and hyptis suaveolens as reducing agent and to investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles. the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (uv), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray spectroscopy (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscope (fesem) and high-resonance t ... | 2017 | 29774292 |
| biological control of anopheles darlingi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae using shrimps. | mosquitoes can act as vectors of important diseases such as malaria, dengue, zika virus, yellow fever, chikungunya and mayaro fever, in addition to filariasis. the use of insecticides, larvicides, bed nets and repellents, besides the use of drugs as chemoprevention and the treatment of the sick are currently the pillars of the control of these vectors. we studied the biological control against of anopheles darlingi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae using shrimps of the species m. ... | 2017 | 29774286 |
| infectivity of chordodes nobilii larvae (gordiida: nematomorpha). | the gordiids are freshwater representatives of the parasite phylum nematomorpha that function asa link between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. in recent years, different ecotoxicologic studies have beenmade with the south-american gordiid species, chordodes nobilii, that have demonstrated the capacity of thisgroup to act as a bioindicator of contamination. despite the gordiida’s ecologic relevance, further studies arestill needed to elucidate different aspects of the biology of the class, an ... | 2017 | 29465953 |
| ultrasound is not useful as a screening tool for dengue fever. | dengue fever is a tropical disease that is transmitted by female aedes aegypti mosquitos. early diagnosis is necessary to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with the disease. a combination of clinical, laboratory, and sonography findings can be potentially helpful in making an early diagnosis of dengue fever. there is paucity of literature on the use of ultrasound for dengue fever screening; hence, the primary objective of the study was to evaluate the utility of ultrasound as a scree ... | 2017 | 29657635 |
| [clinical and epidemiological profile of chikungunya infection in hospital patients in 2015 in mérida, mexicoperfil clínico-epidemiológico da infecção por chikungunya em casos hospitalares atendidos em 2015 em mérida, méxico]. | describe the epidemiological profile and analyze clinical manifestations by age group in chikungunya patients treated in 2015 in a mérida, mexico general hospital. | 2017 | 31391823 |
| erratum: efficacy of some wearable devices compared with spray-on insect repellents for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | 2017 | 28365772 | |
| tropical viruses approaching europe. | during the last years, headlines about the advance of tropical infectious diseases, which are transmitted by mosquitos, become more frequent. some of these mosquitos are classified as invasive species in europe. the world health organization (who) and the european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc) are enhancing the observation of the geographical spread of these species. especially the asian tiger mosquito and the yellow fever mosquito are in focus. in germany the vector competenc ... | 2017 | 29952164 |
| tropical viruses approaching europe. | during the last years, headlines about the advance of tropical infectious diseases, which are transmitted by mosquitos, become more frequent. some of these mosquitos are classified as invasive species in europe. the world health organization (who) and the european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc) are enhancing the observation of the geographical spread of these species. especially the asian tiger mosquito and the yellow fever mosquito are in focus. in germany the vector competenc ... | 2017 | 29952163 |
| [(assessment of risk for arbovirus infections in russia)]. | the sharply increased incidence and geographical expansion of arbovirus diseases in recent years suggest that some russian areas are vulnerable to vector-borne diseases and that it is important to elaborate control programs to ensure bio- logical safety in our country. moreover, the main vectors of the pathogens of arbovirus infections (zika fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fevers), such as aedes aegypti and ae.albopictus, have been registered on the black sea coast of the caucasus. the programs ... | 2017 | 30721608 |
| larvicidal and pupicidal activities of crude and fractionated extracts of acacia pennata (l.) willd. subsp insuavis shoot tips against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | acacia pennata subsp insuavis, or cha-om in thai, is a common vegetablefound in thailand. it has been used as a medicinal herb for a long time. from theliterature, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-helminthicactivities were reported. in this study, we investigated two new actions of thisplant: larvicide and pupicide. the crude ethanolic and fractionated extracts of a.pennata shoot tips were tested against aquatic stages of the dengue virus vector,aedes aegypti mosquito. ... | 2017 | 29644817 |
| perturbed cholesterol and vesicular trafficking associated with dengue blocking in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti cells. | wolbachia are intracellular maternally inherited bacteria that can spread through insect populations and block virus transmission by mosquitoes, providing an important approach to dengue control. to better understand the mechanisms of virus inhibition, we here perform proteomic quantification of the effects of wolbachia in aedes aegypti mosquito cells and midgut. perturbations are observed in vesicular trafficking, lipid metabolism and in the endoplasmic reticulum that could impact viral entry a ... | 2017 | 28904344 |
| minimum infectious dose for chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. | understanding the ability of the chikungunya virus (chikv) to be transmitted by aedes vectors in the americas is critical for assessing epidemiological risk. one element that must be considered is the minimum infectious dose of virus that can lead to transmission following the extrinsic incubation period. this study aimed to determine the minimum infection rate for the two aedes species studied. the results revealed that doses as low as 3.9 log10 plaque-forming units per ml (pfu/ml) of an asian ... | 2017 | 28902278 |
| first detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in natural populations of aedes aegypti in martinique during the 2013 - 2015 concomitant outbreak. | dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. in martinique, an island of the french west indies, aedes aegypti is the suspected vector of both arboviruses; there is no aedes albopictus on the island. during the concomitant outbreak of 2013 - 2015, the authors collected wild a. aegypti populations, and for the first time, detected dengue and chikungunya viruses in field-collected females. this paper demonstrates the mosquito's role in transmission of both dengue and chikung ... | 2017 | 28902276 |
| highly effective broad spectrum chimeric larvicide that targets vector mosquitoes using a lipophilic protein. | two mosquitocidal bacteria, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and lysinibacillus sphaericus (ls) are the active ingredients of commercial larvicides used widely to control vector mosquitoes. bti's efficacy is due to synergistic interactions among four proteins, cry4aa, cry4ba, cry11aa, and cyt1aa, whereas ls's activity is caused by bin, a heterodimer consisting of bina, the toxin, and binb, a midgut-binding protein. cyt1aa is lipophilic and synergizes bti cry proteins by increasing ... | 2017 | 28900215 |
| efficacy of blood sources and artificial blood feeding methods in rearing of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for sterile insect technique and incompatible insect technique approaches in sri lanka. | selection of the artificial membrane feeding technique and blood meal source has been recognized as key considerations in mass rearing of vectors. | 2017 | 28894749 |
| a natural hybrid of a bacillus thuringiensis cry2a toxin implicates domain i in specificity determination. | a pcr-rflp method was used to identify cry2a toxin genes in a collection of 300 strains of bacillus thuringiensis. from 81 genes identified, the vast majority appeared to be cry2aa or cry2ab, however three showed a different pattern and were subsequently cloned and sequenced. the gene cloned from strain hd395 was named cry2ba2. since the proteins encoded by the genes cloned from ls5115-3 and ds415 shared >95% sequence identity with existing toxins their genes were named cry2aa17 and cry2ab29 res ... | 2017 | 28888766 |
| isolation of a larvicidal compound from piper solmsianum c.dc. (piperaceae). | the aedes aegypti mosquito is one of the major vectors of arboviruses. these diseases have re-emerged and the insecticides used nowadays are toxic to mammals and environment and have only been effective in the short-term. in this context, natural products are an alternative. the genus piper has many active compounds against arthropods, including neolignans. the present study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the n-hexanic extract of piper solmsianum and eupomatenoid-6, identified by gc-ms an ... | 2017 | 28882070 |
| association between suspected zika virus disease during pregnancy and giving birth to a newborn with congenital microcephaly: a matched case-control study. | in early 2015, an outbreak of an acute exanthematous illness with dengue-like symptoms occurred in northeastern brazil. by the end of the same year, an unexpected increase in the number of cases of microcephaly was observed in the region. the microcephaly outbreak cause was unknown and rumors pointing to various potential causes arose. since we were unaware at the time if this scenario would attract the interest of the broader scientific community, due to the neglected regions associated and as ... | 2017 | 28877754 |
| microrna-277 targets insulin-like peptides 7 and 8 to control lipid metabolism and reproduction in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | hematophagous female mosquitoes transmit numerous devastating human diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, zika virus, and others. because of their obligatory requirement of a vertebrate blood meal for reproduction, these mosquitoes need a lot of energy; therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction is of particular importance. lipids are the major energy store providing the fuel required for host seeking and reproduction. they are essential components ... | 2017 | 28874536 |
| updated reported distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the united states, 1995-2016. | aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) are potential vectors of zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in the united states. a zika virus outbreak in florida in the summer of 2016, driven by ae. aegypti and resulting in > 200 locally acquired cases of human illness, underscored the need for up-to-date information on the geographic distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in the united states. in early 2016, we conducted a survey and literature review to comp ... | 2017 | 28874014 |
| "we need people to collaborate together against this disease": a qualitative exploration of perceptions of dengue fever control in caregivers' of children under 5 years, in the peruvian amazon. | dengue fever presents a significant and growing burden of disease to endemic countries, where children are at particular risk. worldwide, no effective anti-viral treatment has been identified, thus vector control is key for disease prevention, particularly in peru where no vaccine is currently available. this qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of dengue control in caregivers' of children under 5 years in peru, to help direct future mosquito control programmes and strategy. | 2017 | 28873408 |
| fat body organ culture system in aedes aegypti, a vector of zika virus. | the insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. however, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall. the mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important syste ... | 2017 | 28872112 |
| rapid evolution of ovarian-biased genes in the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti). | males and females exhibit highly dimorphic phenotypes, particularly in their gonads, which is believed to be driven largely by differential gene expression. typically, the protein sequences of genes upregulated in males, or male-biased genes, evolve rapidly as compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. to date, the specific study of gonad-biased genes remains uncommon in metazoans. here, we identified and studied a total of 2927, 2013, and 4449 coding sequences (cds) with ovary-biased, testis ... | 2017 | 28630112 |
| determinants of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases : the case of chikungunya in indian ocean, 2004-2007. | emerging outbreaks of arboviroses are most often tied to the convergence of a set of factors which have physical and environmental, genetic and biological, ecological, social, political and economic origins. thirteen out of these factors are known as main determinants of emerging infectious disease outbreaks. this paper assesses the role of these factors from exploring the chikungunya outbreak which occurred in indian ocean in 2004-2007, as case study. chikungunya is an alphavirus borne and tran ... | 2017 | 28627853 |
| the genetic diversity and population structure of domestic aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in yunnan province, southwestern china. | there was no record of aedes aegypti in yunnan province, china, until 2002, but this species is now continuously found in nine cities (or counties). until now, little was known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this invasive species. thus, a detailed understanding of the invasion strategies, colonisation and dispersal of this mosquito from a population genetics perspective is urgently needed for controlling and eliminating this disease vector. | 2017 | 28610594 |
| deltamethrin resistance in aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in merida, mexico. | the operational impact of deltamethrin resistance on the efficacy of indoor insecticide applications to control aedes aegypti was evaluated in merida, mexico. a randomized controlled trial quantified the efficacy of indoor residual spraying (irs) against adult ae. aegypti in houses treated with either deltamethrin (to which local ae. aegypti expressed a high degree of resistance) or bendiocarb (to which local ae. aegypti were fully susceptible) as compared to untreated control houses. all adult ... | 2017 | 28604781 |
| qsar models for predicting the toxicity of piperidine derivatives against aedes aegypti. | qsar models are proposed for predicting the toxicity of 33 piperidine derivatives against aedes aegypti. from 2d topological descriptors, calculated with the padel software, ordinary least squares multilinear regression (ols-mlr) treatment from the qsarins software and machine learning and related approaches including linear and radial support vector machine (svm), projection pursuit regression (ppr), radial basis function neural network (rbfnn), general regression neural network (grnn) and k-ne ... | 2017 | 28604113 |
| [new strategies for the eradication of aedes aegypti: what challenges do we face in latin america?] | not available. | 2017 | 28603242 |
| comparative efficiency of biogents gravid aedes trap, cdc autocidal gravid ovitrap, and cdc gravid trap in northeastern florida. | we conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of the biogents gravid aedes trap (bg-gat) and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) autocidal gravid ovitrap (ago) with that of the cdc gravid trap (cdc-gt) (as a standard) for their proficiency to collect mosquitoes in an urban residential neighborhood in northeastern florida. aedes aegypti , ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus were collected from each trap, with the latter species being predominant. significantly more cx. qui ... | 2017 | 28590226 |
| comparison of mosquito abundance from biogents sentinel 2.0 traps with and without rain covers. | biogents sentinel (bgs) traps have rapidly become a standard for adult aedes aegypti surveillance. several investigators have found that trap collections can be damaged easily by heavy dew or rain entering the trap intake port. in addition, water entering the trap may temporarily stop the fan, thus reducing the collection potential of the trap. we evaluated the effectiveness of a rain cover designed to minimize damage to mosquito trap collections from bgs 2.0 traps in a residential backyard in j ... | 2017 | 28590218 |
| diagnostic doses of insecticides for adult aedes aegypti to assess insecticide resistance in cuba. | the objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses (dds) of 5 insecticides for the rockefeller susceptible strain of aedes aegypti , using the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) bottle bioassay as a tool for monitoring insecticide resistance in the cuban vector control program. the 30-min dd values determined in this study were 13.5 μg/ml, 6.5 μg/ml, 6 μg/ml, 90.0 μg/ml, and 15.0 μg/ml for cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and propoxur, respec ... | 2017 | 28590216 |
| effects of low-powered rf sweep between 0.01-20 ghz on female aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a collective behaviour analysis. | there are many products claiming to be an electronic solution towards repelling mosquitoes. several reviews were published in debunking these claims. however, there is a lack of a systematic study on effects of electromagnetic (em) or more specifically, radio frequency (rf) waves against mosquitoes due to the conclusions made in those years. therefore, we attempt to establish a fundamental study on female aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes by quantifying the collective behavior of the mosquitoe ... | 2017 | 28582398 |
| corrigendum to "functional and immunohistochemical characterization of cceae3a, a carboxylesterase associated with temephos resistance in the major arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus" [insect biochem. mol. biol. 74 (july 2016) 61-67]. | 2017 | 28578775 | |
| detection and perception of generic host volatiles by mosquitoes: responses to co2 constrains host-seeking behaviour. | natural selection has favoured specialization in anthropophilic mosquito host choice, yet in the absence of human hosts, females feed on a selected range of vertebrates. for host recognition, we hypothesize that mosquitoes primarily rely on generic host volatiles. detection and perception of such compounds would provide the mosquito with a flexible, yet constrained, odour coding system that could delineate host preference. in this study, we show that the quintessential generic volatile for host- ... | 2017 | 28573028 |
| a potent larvicidal agent against aedes aegypti mosquito from cardanol. | cardanol is a constituent of cashew nut shell liquid that presents larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti. the isolation of cardanol is somewhat troublesome, however, in this work we describe an efficient and inexpensive method to obtain it as a pure material. the compound was used as starting material to make chemical transformation leading to saturated cardanol, epoxides and, halohydrins. these derivatives were tested for toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae. the results showed that iodohy ... | 2017 | 28562821 |
| a new in vitro bioassay system for the discovery and quantitative evaluation of mosquito repellents. | mosquitoes vector many pathogens that cause human diseases. repellents play a significant role in reducing the risk of these diseases by preventing mosquito bites. in this paper, we are reporting an ali and khan (a & k), large cage in vitro bioassay system that can effectively be used to measure repellency of compounds against mosquitoes. the system uses temperature as a landing and feeding stimulus, and collagen as a feeding substrate. the minimum effective dose (med) of deet (n, n-diethyl-meta ... | 2017 | 28541424 |
| rna-seq comparison of larval and adult malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti reveals life stage-specific changes in renal function. | introduction: the life history of aedes aegypti presents diverse challenges to its diuretic system. during the larval and pupal life stages mosquitoes are aquatic. with the emergence of the adult they become terrestrial. this shifts the organism within minutes from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment where dehydration has to be avoided. in addition, female mosquitoes take large blood meals, which present an entirely new set of challenges to salt and water homeostasis. methods: to ... | 2017 | 28536536 |
| introducción. el virus del zika (zikv) es un flavivirus con envoltura, transmitido a los seres humanos principalmente por el vector aedes aegypti. la infección por zikv se ha asociado con un gran neurotropismo y con efectos neuropáticos, como el síndrome de guillain-barré en el adulto y la microcefalia fetal y posnatal, así como con un síndrome de infección congénita similar al producido por el virus de la rubéola (rv).objetivo. comparar las estructuras moleculares de la proteína de envoltura e ... | 2017 | 28527274 | |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship study of amide mosquito repellents. | a quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) study on 43 amide repellents was carried out by the heuristic method in order to reveal the correlations between molecular parameters of these amides and their repellency against aedes aegypti. sketches and optimizations of molecular structures were achieved by the gaussian software package. generation and screening of molecular parameters were accomplished using codessa 2.7.10 software. the leave-one-out method was applied for the model vali ... | 2017 | 28521600 |
| heat in the southeastern united states: characteristics, trends, and potential health impact. | high summer temperatures in extratropical areas have an impact on the public's health, mainly through heat stress, high air pollution concentrations, and the transmission of tropical diseases. the purpose of this study is to examine the current characteristics of heat events and future projections of summer apparent temperature (at)-and associated health concerns-throughout the southeastern united states. synoptic climatology was used to assess the atmospheric characteristics of extreme heat day ... | 2017 | 28520817 |
| laboratory and semi-field evaluations of two (transfluthrin) spatial repellent devices against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | two transfluthrin-based spatial repellent products (raid dual action insect repellent and home freshener and raid shield (currently not commercially available), sc johnson, racine wi) were evaluated for spatial repellent effects against female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes under laboratory (wind tunnel) and semi-field (outdoor enclosure) conditions. the placement of either product in the wind tunnel significantly reduced host-seeking behaviors. the mean baseline (control) landing counts for the ... | 2017 | 28511270 |
| reemergence of yellow fever in ethiopia after 50 years, 2013: epidemiological and entomological investigations. | yellow fever (yf) is a viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by aedes mosquito species. approximately, 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths occur worldwide every year. in ethiopia, the last outbreak was reported in 1966 with 2200 cases and 450 deaths. a number of cases with deaths from unknown febrile illness reported from south ari district starting from november 2012. this investigation was conducted to identify the causative agent, source of the outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions. | 2017 | 28506254 |
| aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes in trinidad, west indies: longevity case studies. | few laboratory and field studies have reported long survival periods for ae. aegypti females and even fewer have designed experiments to characterize this important life history trait. this study was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the number of blood meals taken by individual females, the number of eggs laid per individual female, the length of the gonotrophic cycle, and the duration of female survival. the results showed individual females oviposited between 670 and 1,500 eg ... | 2017 | 28504438 |
| influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for oviposition microenvironments. | aedes aegypti mosquitoes are highly adaptable to abiotic stimuli. to evaluate the influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of ae. aegypti for oviposition microenvironments, 20 sites were sampled weekly using ovitraps within the perimeter of universidade federal do espírito santo, located in são mateus, espírito santo, brazil. a spatial and statistical analysis was performed in order to assess the relationship between shading time, pedestrian traffic, and the presence of biol ... | 2017 | 28504433 |
| isolation of an insulin-like peptide from the asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi, that acts as a steroidogenic gonadotropin across diverse mosquito taxa. | many insulin-like peptides (ilps) have been identified in insects, yet only a few were isolated in their native form for structural and functional studies. antiserum produced to ilp3 in aedes aegypti was used in a radioimmunoassay to monitor the purification of an ilp from heads of adult an. stephensi and recognized the ilp in other immunoassays. the structure of the purified peptide matched that predicted for the ilp3 in this species. the native form stimulated ecdysteroid production by ovaries ... | 2017 | 28502740 |
| metazoan ribosome inactivating protein encoding genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer. | ribosome inactivating proteins (rips) are rna n-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of 28s rrna. these enzymes are widely distributed among plants and their presence has also been confirmed in several bacterial species. recently, we reported for the first time in silico evidence of rip encoding genes in metazoans, in two closely related species of insects: aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. here, we have experimentally confirmed the p ... | 2017 | 28500327 |
| larval interference competition between the native neotropical mosquito limatus durhamii and the invasive aedes aegypti improves the fitness of both species. | interspecific competition with native species during biological invasions can sometimes limit alien expansion. we aimed to determine the potential ecological effects of limatus durhamii theobald 1901, a native neotropical mosquito (diptera: culicidae) species, on the invasive species aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus 1762) that breeds in the same artificial water containers. development time and adult dry mass were measured in 3 rearing conditions: control (a single larva), intraspecific compe ... | 2017 | 28497885 |
| assessing the effect of selection with deltamethrin on biological parameters and detoxifying enzymes in aedes aegypti (l.). | resistance to insecticides through one or several mechanisms has a cost for an insect in various parameters of its biological cycle. the present study evaluated the effect of deltamethrin on detoxifying enzymes and biological parameters in a population of aedes aegypti selected for 15 generations. the enzyme activities of alpha- and beta-esterases, mixed-function oxidases and glutathione-s-transferases were determined during selection, along with biological parameters. | 2017 | 28485040 |
| what does heat tell a mosquito? characterization of the orientation behaviour of aedes aegypti towards heat sources. | the use of heat as a cue for the orientation of haematophagous insects towards hot-blooded hosts has been acknowledged for many decades. in mosquitoes, thermoreception has been studied at the molecular, physiological and behavioural levels, and the response to heat has been evaluated in multimodal contexts. however, a direct characterization of how these insects evaluate thermal sources is still lacking. in this study we characterize aedes aegypti thermal orientation using a simple dual choice p ... | 2017 | 28479122 |
| eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its larvicidal property against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti. | in this study, larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesised using apple extract against fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti was determined. as a result, the agnps showed moderate larvicidal effects against ae. aegypti larvae (lc50 = 15.76 ppm and lc90 = 27.7 ppm). in addition, comparison of larvicidal activity performance of agnps at high concentration prepared using two different methods showed that ae. aegypti larvae was fully eliminated within the duration of 2.5 h. from ... | 2017 | 28476997 |
| photo-induced and phytomediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using derris trifoliata leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti. | due to the increased development of resistance of vectors against synthetic insecticides and chemical drugs, plant based insecticides serve as promising biocontrol agents for effective vector control. green approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles has been attained using environmentally safe, non-toxic plant extracts. the present study was aimed to investigate the potent larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) produced by derris trifoliata leaf extract in relation to the various c ... | 2017 | 28460330 |
| allergens involved in the cross-reactivity of aedes aegypti with other arthropods. | cross-reactivity between aedes aegypti and mites, cockroaches, and shrimp has been previously suggested, but the involved molecular components have not been fully described. | 2017 | 28434865 |
| n-aryl-n'-ethyleneaminothioureas effectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase 1 from disease-transmitting mosquitoes. | vector control of disease-transmitting mosquitoes by insecticides has a central role in reducing the number of parasitic- and viral infection cases. the currently used insecticides are efficient, but safety concerns and the development of insecticide-resistant mosquito strains warrant the search for alternative compound classes for vector control. here, we have designed and synthesized thiourea-based compounds as non-covalent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase 1 (ache1) from the mosquitoes anoph ... | 2017 | 28433681 |
| identification of the septate junction protein gliotactin in the mosquito aedes aegypti: evidence for a role in increased paracellular permeability in larvae. | septate junctions (sjs) regulate paracellular permeability across invertebrate epithelia. however, little is known about the function of sj proteins in aquatic invertebrates. in this study, a role for the transmembrane sj protein gliotactin (gli) in the osmoregulatory strategies of larval mosquito (aedes aegypti) was examined. differences in gli transcript abundance were observed between the midgut, malpighian tubules, hindgut and anal papillae of a. aegypti, which are epithelia that participate ... | 2017 | 28432154 |
| allatotropin: a pleiotropic neuropeptide that elicits mosquito immune responses. | allatotropins (at) are neuropeptides with pleotropic functions on a variety of insect tissues. they affect processes such as juvenile hormone biosynthesis, cardiac rhythm, oviduct and hindgut contractions, nutrient absorption and circadian cycle. the present work provides experimental evidence that at elicits immune responses in two important mosquito disease vectors, anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti. hemocytes and an immune-competent mosquito cell line responded to at by showing strong mor ... | 2017 | 28426765 |
| efficacy of some wearable devices compared with spray-on insect repellents for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae). | the current zika health crisis in the americas has created an intense interest in mosquito control methods and products. mosquito vectors of zika are of the genus aedes, mainly the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. l. the use of repellents to alter mosquito host seeking behavior is an effective method for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. a large number of different spray-on repellents and wearable repellent devices are commercially available. the efficacies of many repellents are u ... | 2017 | 28423421 |
| habitat and density of oviposition opportunity influences aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) flight distance. | understanding the dispersal of aedes (aegypti (l.) diptera: culicidae) after consuming a potentially infectious bloodmeal is an important part of controlling the spread of the arboviruses it transmits. because of the impact on abundance, removal of oviposition sites is a key component of vector control. however, source reduction around a case may encourage dispersal of potentially infected vectors. we compare the effect of oviposition site availability on ae. aegypti dispersal behavior within 30 ... | 2017 | 28419273 |
| the impact of temperature and body size on fundamental flight tone variation in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): implications for acoustic lures. | aedes aegypti (l.) males use female flight tone as a means of mate localization. by playing the sound of a flying female, males can be attracted to a trap to monitor mosquito populations and the progress of transgenic male releases. however, the female flight tone used to attract males needs to be optimized to maximize trap effectiveness. the fundamental frequency of female flight tone could be influenced by both body size and ambient temperature. however, no analysis yet has considered both the ... | 2017 | 28402550 |
| immunohistochemical mapping and transcript expression of the gpa2/gpb5 receptor in tissues of the adult mosquito, aedes aegypti. | gpa2/gpb5 is a glycoprotein hormone found in most bilateral metazoans including the mosquito, aedes aegypti. to elucidate physiological roles and functions of gpa2/gpb5, we aim to identify prospective target tissues by examining the tissue- and sex-specific expression profile of its receptor, the leucine-rich repeat-containing g protein-coupled receptor 1 (lgr1) in the adult mosquito. western analyses using a heterologous system with cho-k1 cells, transiently expressing a. aegypti lgr1, yielded ... | 2017 | 28401307 |
| full-genome dengue virus sequencing in mosquito saliva shows lack of convergent positive selection during transmission byaedes aegypti. | like other pathogens with high mutation and replication rates, within-host dengue virus (denv) populations evolve during infection of their main mosquito vector,aedes aegypti. within-host denv evolution during transmission provides opportunities for adaptation and emergence of novel virus variants. recent studies of denv genetic diversity failed to detect convergent evolution of adaptive mutations in mosquito tissues such as midgut and salivary glands, suggesting that convergent positive selecti ... | 2017 | 29497564 |
| [zika: probability of establishment of its vector, aedes aegypti, in chile]. | the zika virus has raised world alarm in recent years, representing a major public health problem. in this study we evaluated the potential risk of exposure to zika virus in chile, associated with the probability of establishment of the vector aedes aegypti in the country. niche modelling techniques were used to project the bioclimatic requirements of the vector (global niches), identifying zones of high suitability for the species within the country. then, the potential distribution of the vect ... | 2017 | 29488548 |
| how social structures, space, and behaviors shape the spread of infectious diseases using chikungunya as a case study. | whether an individual becomes infected in an infectious disease outbreak depends on many interconnected risk factors, which may relate to characteristics of the individual (e.g., age, sex), his or her close relatives (e.g., household members), or the wider community. studies monitoring individuals in households or schools have helped elucidate the determinants of transmission in small social structures due to advances in statistical modeling; but such an approach has so far largely failed to con ... | 2016 | 27821727 |
| the epidemiological characteristics and dynamic transmission of dengue in china, 2013. | there was a dengue epidemic in several regions of china in 2013. no study has explored the dynamics of dengue transmission between different geographical locations with dengue outbreaks in china. the purpose of the study is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and to explore the dynamic transmission of dengue in china, 2013. | 2016 | 27820815 |
| a cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce diarrheal disease and dengue entomological risk factors in rural primary schools in colombia. | as many neglected tropical diseases are co-endemic and have common risk factors, integrated control can efficiently reduce disease burden and relieve resource-strained public health budgets. diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems sharing common risk factors in water storage containers. where provision of clean water is inadequate, water storage is crucial. fecal contamination of stored water is a common source of diarrheal illness, but stored water also provides bre ... | 2016 | 27820821 |
| talen-mediated knock-in via non-homologous end joining in the crustacean daphnia magna. | transcription activator-like effector nucleases (talens) are versatile tools that enable the insertion of dna into different organisms. here, we confirmed talen-mediated knock-in via non-homologous end joining in the crustacean daphnia magna, a model organism for ecological and toxicological genomics. we tested two different talens, ey1 talen and ey2 talen, both of which target the eyeless locus. the donor dna plasmid, harbouring the h2b-gfp reporter gene, was designed to contain both talen targ ... | 2016 | 27819301 |
| oral delivery of dsrna by microbes: beyond pest control. | rna interference (rnai) by oral delivery of dsrna in insects has great potential as a tool for integrated pest management (ipm), especially with respect to addressing the need to reduce off-target effect and slow down resistance development to chemical insecticides. employing the natural association existing between insect and yeast, we developed a novel method to enable the knock down of vital genes in the pest insect drosophila suzukii through oral delivery of species-specific dsrna using gene ... | 2016 | 28042376 |
| host plant affects morphometric variation of diaphorina citri (hemiptera: liviidae). | the asian citrus psyllid (acp), diaphorina citri kuwayama, is one of the most serious citrus pests worldwide due to its role as vector of huanglongbing or citrus greening disease. while some optimal plant species for acp oviposition and development have been identified, little is known of the influence of host plants on acp size and shape. our goal was to determine how size and shape of acp wing and body size varies when development occurs on different host plants in a controlled rearing environ ... | 2016 | 27833820 |
| recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of lumpy skin disease virus. | lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv) is a capripoxvirus infecting cattle and buffalos. lumpy skin disease (lsd) leads to significant economic losses due to hide damage, reduction of milk production, mastitis, infertility and mortalities (10 %). early detection of the virus is crucial to start appropriate outbreak control measures. veterinarians rely on the presence of the characteristic clinical signs of lsd. laboratory diagnostics including virus isolation, sequencing and real-time polymerase chain ... | 2016 | 27806722 |
| genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed microrna in bombyx mori infected with nucleopolyhedrosis virus. | bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) is a major pathogen that threatens the growth and sustainability of the sericulture industry. since micrornas (mirnas) have been shown to play important roles in host-pathogen interactions, in this study we investigated the effects of bmnpv infection on silkworm micrornas expression profile. to achieve this, we constructed and deep-sequenced two small rna libraries generated from bmnpv infected and un-infected larvae. the results revealed that 38 silk ... | 2016 | 27806111 |
| the seminal fluid proteome of the polyandrous red junglefowl offers insights into the molecular basis of fertility, reproductive ageing and domestication. | seminal fluid proteins (sfps) are emerging as fundamental contributors to sexual selection given their role in post-mating reproductive events, particularly in polyandrous species where the ejaculates of different males compete for fertilisation. sfp identification however remains taxonomically limited and little is known about avian sfps, despite extensive work on sexual selection in birds. we characterize the sf proteome of the polyandrous red junglefowl, gallus gallus, the wild species that g ... | 2016 | 27804984 |
| turmeric powder and its derivatives from curcuma longa rhizomes: insecticidal effects on cabbage looper and the role of synergists. | curcuma longa has well-known insecticidal and repellent effects on insect pests, but its impact on trichoplusia ni is unknown. in this study, the compound ar-turmerone, extracted and purified from c. longa rhizomes, was identified, and its insecticidal effects, along with turmeric powder, curcuminoid pigments and crude essential oil were evaluated against this important agricultural pest. the role of natural (sesamol and piperonal) and synthetic [piperonyl butoxide (pbo)] synergists under labora ... | 2016 | 27804972 |
| sodium channel mutations and pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti. | pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control insect pests and human disease vectors. voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary targets of pyrethroid insecticides. mutations in the sodium channel have been shown to be responsible for pyrethroid resistance, known as knockdown resistance (kdr), in various insects including mosquitoes. in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the principal urban vectors of dengue, zika, and yellow fever viruses, multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the sodium c ... | 2016 | 27809228 |