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[is blastocystis hominis an opportunist agent?].despite its high prevalence throughout the world, major issues about blastocystis hominis remain unresolved, including fundamental areas such as taxonomy and pathogenicity. sequences of the ssurrna gene place blastocystis in the stramenophiles. analysis of the elongation factor 1-alpha gene, however, indicates similarity to entamoeba histolytica. there is considerable morphological variability and karyotype diversity, and it appears that more than one species is present in humans and animals. in ...200717471409
[evaluation of parasitological laboratory results of a group of people older than 15 years of age in kutahya].this research has been based on microscopic examination of samples of stool specimens taken from 675 persons older than 15 years of age. the examinations were conducted in the parasitological laboratory of the dumlupinar university hospital. laboratory examinations of stools were done with native and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation methods. different intestinal parasites were found in 52 (7.7%) of the stool specimens. at least one parasite species was found in 3.11% of women and 4.59% of me ...200717471410
effectiveness of dried carica papaya seeds against human intestinal parasitosis: a pilot study.the tropical fruit carica papaya and its seeds have proven antihelminthic and anti-amoebic activities. to determine the effectiveness of air-dried c. papaya seeds on human intestinal parasitosis, 60 asymptomatic nigerian children with stool microscopic evidence of intestinal parasites received immediate doses (20 ml) of either an elixir composed with air-dried c. papaya seeds and honey (cph) or honey alone (placebo) in two randomized treatment groups. repeat stool microscopic examinations were c ...200717472487
antiprotozoal activity of senna racemosa.methanol extracts of leaves, roots and bark of senna racemosa (mill.) h.s. irwin & barneby (syn. cassia racemosa mill.) were tested for antiprotozooal activity against giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica. all of the tested extracts showed good activity against both protozoa species. extracts from stem bark and leaves were most active, with an ic(50) of 2.10 microg/ml for giardia intestinalis and 3.87 microg/ml for entamoeba histolytica. of the previously isolated compounds from senna ...200717481835
[pathogenesis and virulence factors associated with intestinal protozoan parasites]. 200717491420
static fields: biological effects and mechanisms relevant to exposure limits.recently, the international emf project of the world health organization (who) published an environmental health criteria monograph on static electric and magnetic fields. in the present paper a short overview is given of the biological and health effects discussed in this document. the main conclusions are that no acute effects other than transient phenomena such as vertigo and nausea have been observed with exposure to static magnetic flux densities up to 8 t. there are no reports of long term ...200717495659
calpain-dependent calpastatin cleavage regulates caspase-3 activation during apoptosis of jurkat t cells induced by entamoeba histolytica.in this study, we investigated whether there is a signalling interaction between calpain and caspase-3 during apoptosis in jurkat t cells by entamoeba histolytica. when jurkat cells were co-incubated with e. histolytica, phosphatidylserine externalisation and dna fragmentation markedly increased compared with results for cells incubated with medium alone. in addition, e. histolytica strongly induced cleavage of caspases-3, -6, -7 and poly(adp-ribose) polymerase. a rise in intracellular calcium l ...200717498717
etiologic agents of diarrhea in solid organ recipients.after transplantation, diarrhea may be caused by infectious agents, drug-specific effects, metabolic conditions, or mechanical complications of surgery. determining the cause helps to determine whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy and the duration of treatment. in this study we aimed to determine the causes of diarrhea in kidney or liver recipients. fifty-two diarrhea episodes among 43 solid organ recipients were evaluated. the cause of diarrhea was detected in 43 patients (82.6%). infectio ...200717511817
detection of excretory entamoeba histolytica dna in the urine, and detection of e. histolytica dna and lectin antigen in the liver abscess pus for the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess.amoebic liver abscess (ala) and pyogenic liver abscesses (pla) appear identical by ultrasound and other imaging techniques. collection of blood or liver abscess pus for diagnosis of liver abscesses is an invasive procedure, and the procedure requires technical expertise and disposable syringes. collection of urine is a noninvasive procedure. therefore, there has been much interest shown towards the use of urine as an alternative clinical specimen for the diagnosis of some parasitic infections. h ...200717511859
effect of solar disinfection on viability of intestinal protozoa in drinking water.the effect of solar disinfection on the viability of intestinal protozoa giardia lamblia, microsporidia sp., cryptosporidium parvum, cyclospora cyatenensis and entamoeba histolytica in drinking water was studied as compared to chlorine disinfection. the protozoa were collected from stool samples, to infect to the distilled water. chlorinated water samples were prepared at concentration of 4 ppm, and the parasites were incubated overnight at room temperature with the treated water. sun treatment ...200717580569
detection of entamoeba histolytica/dispar in stool specimens by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the population of jeddah city, saudi arabia.this study determined the prevalence of intestinal parasites, particularly pathogenic entamoeba sp. (e. histolytica), in patients attending three hospitals in jeddah city, king abdulaziz university hospital, king abdulaziz hospital and king fahad hospital for gastro-intestinal troubles. 186 stool specimens were examined microscopically for parasites and by elisa kit (e. histolytica ii) for true e. histolytica. 83 samples (44.6%) were positive by microscopy for at least one parasite. of which, 23 ...200717580574
prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary schoolchildren in derna district, libya.the prevalence of intestinal parasites and some hygienic factors was evaluated in primary schoolchildren in derna district. a total of 1039 stool specimens were examined by direct smear and formaline-ether concentration methods. the results showed that 31% of the children were infected with at least one or two parasites. these parasites were giardia lamblia (12.7%), blastocystis hominis (6.7%), entamoeba histolytica/ entamoeba dispar (6.6%), entamoeba coli (3.2%), e. hartmanni (1.0%), enterobius ...200717580578
detection and differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar isolates in clinical samples by pcr.a total of 140 out of 180 outpatients attended misr university for science and technology hospital complained of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and/or dysentery. stool examination showed 47 (33.6%) had entamoeba sp., 36 (25.7%) had cysts and 11 (7.9%) had trophozoites. of 40 asymptomatic ones, 4 (10%) had cysts. a total of 51 positive stool samples for entamoeba sp. (40 cysts & 11 trophozoites) were tested by ne-sted polymerase chain reaction (n-pcr) and restriction enzyme digestion (red) to clarify ...200717580582
entamoeba histolytica: adp-ribosylation of secreted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.in addition to its classic glycolytic role, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) has been implicated in many activities unrelated to glycolysis, such as membrane fusion, binding to host proteins and signal transduction. gapdh can be the target of several modifications that allow incorporation to membranes and possible regulation of its activity; among these modifications is mono-adp-ribosylation. this post-translational modification is important for the regulation of many cellular pr ...200717586498
genome re-duplication and irregular segregation occur during the cell cycle of entamoeba histolytica.heterogeneity of genome content is commonly observed in axenic cultures of entamoeba histolytica. cells with multiple nuclei and nuclei with heterogenous genome contents suggest that regulatory mechanisms that ensure alternation of dna synthesis and mitosis are absent in this organism. therefore, several endo-reduplicative cycles may occur without mitosis. the data also shows that unlike other endo-reduplicating organisms, e.histolytica does not undergo a precise number of endo-reduplicative cyc ...200717592766
[nitric oxide participation during amoebic liver abscess development].nitric oxide participates in both physiological and pathophysiological functions, and it plays an important role in the mammalian immune system in killing or inhibiting the growth of many pathogens, including parasites, viruses and bacteria. entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, which is characterized by intestinal damage and amoebic liver abscess development. the development of amoebic liver abscess in hamsters is similar to that in humans, whereas mice are resis ...200717593605
[evaluation of parasitology laboratory results of a group of people older than 15 years of age in kutahya].this research has been based on microscopic examination of stool specimens taken from 675 persons older than 15 years of age. the examinations were conducted in parasitology laboratory of the dumlupinar university hospital. laboratory examinations of stools were done with native and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation methods. different intestinal parasites were found in 52 (7.7%) of the stool specimens. at least one parasite species was found in 3.11% of women and 4.59% of men. the prevalence ...200717594654
[investigation of intestinal parasites in food workers in hospitals in aydin, turkey].food workers are an important risk group for intestinal parasite contamination and dissemination. in the present study food workers, working in food preparation and distribution in the adnan menderes university hospital, aydin state hospital and 82. yil state hospital, were screened for the presence of intestinal parasites. out of 58 food workers 22 were females and 36 were males, and the age of workers ranged from 20 to 56. all workers included in the study answered a questionnaire concerned wi ...200717594656
[distribution of intestinal parasites detected in camlihemşin healthcare center during the period from july 2005 to january 2007].in the present study, 142 persons admitted to the camlihemşin healthcare center between july 2005 and january 2007, carriage of intestinal parasites was investigated in 93 male and 49 female patients. all of the stool samples were examined by using native-lugol technique. cellophane tape method was applied to the 0-19 age group. parasite cysts and/or eggs were found in total of 17,6 % of the patients. of the patients carrying parasites, 64% (16/25) was female, and 36% (9/25) was male. giardia in ...200717594658
epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in adults engaged in wastewater-fed agriculture and aquaculture in hanoi, vietnam.to determine the occurrence of and risk factors for diarrhoea in an adult population exposed to wastewater used for agricultural and aquacultural productions.200718005312
a mitosome purification protocol based on percoll density gradients and its use in validating the mitosomal nature of entamoeba histolytica mitochondrial hsp70.mitochondria are indispensable for aerobic respiration, but many microbial eukaryotes have lost this function through reductive evolution. their modified mitochondria are known as hydrogenosomes or mitosomes depending on whether or not they produce molecular hydrogen. the intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica contains mitosomes whose role in cellular metabolism is unclear. only three proteins have been shown thus far to reside in these organelles: the molecular chaperones hsp10 and hsp60 and ...200717951687
effect of vitamin a and zinc supplementation on gastrointestinal parasitic infections among mexican children.gastrointestinal parasites continue to be an important cause of morbidity and stunting among children in developing countries. we evaluated the effect of vitamin a and zinc supplementation on infections by giardia lamblia, ascaris lumbricoides, and entamoeba histolytica.200717908741
seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection in hiv-infected patients in china.seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection in hiv-infected individuals from shanghai city, anhui province, and henan province, china, was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using crude antigen and a recombinant surface antigen, c-igl, of the parasite. in 215 hiv-infected individuals, the positive rates for these antigens were 12.1% and 7.9%, respectively; these rates were significantly higher than the rates of 3.1% and 0.5%, respectively, in 191 patients with gastrointestinal s ...200717984335
amebiasis presenting as acute appendicitis.amebiasis presenting as acute appendicitis is extremely rare. the case of a 38-year-old hispanic man who presented to the hospital with symptoms and signs suggestive of acute appendicitis is reported. he underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and the pathologic examination of the appendix revealed multiple trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica. the patient was treated postoperatively with metronidazole for amebiasis, and follow-up stool studies showed no sign of residual infection. the patient has ...200717984748
intestinal parasitic infection among children and neonatus admitted to ibn-sina hospital, sirt, libya.a total of 350 stool samples from 196 males and 154 female children and neonatus admitted in ibn-sina hospital, sirt, were examined from june 2001 to may 2002, to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. intestinal parasitic infections were identified in 196 (56%) of children and neonates. no intestinal helminthic parasites were detected but 13 intestinal protozoan parasites were detected. the most prevalent protozoan was entamoeba histolytica /e. dispar (36.57%); blastocystis hominis ( ...200717985574
development of a pharmacodynamic screening model with entamoeba histolytica.human amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica is widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics, but also occurring in neighbouring parts of the temperate zones. invasive amoebiasis causes dysentery and, by haematogenous spread, also extra-intestinal hepatic, pulmonary or cerebral abscesses, not rarely fatal conditions. the available anti-amoebic drugs have shortcomings regarding tolerability and efficacy. to facilitate the screening of candidate material, an in vitro system has been develo ...200717987365
amebic colitis: new insights into pathogenesis and treatment.amebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, affects more than 50 million people worldwide, with over 100,000 deaths annually. the majority of cases are asymptomatic; however, significant morbidity and mortality are associated with illness in the remaining 10% of cases. recent advances in the understanding of the mechanism of infection by e. histolytica, the role of the innate immune system, and the role of genetic disposition to infection will allow the development of nove ...200717991346
regulation of the inflammatory immune response by the cytokine/chemokine network in amoebiasis.amoebiasis is caused by the protozoa entamoeba histolytica and persists as one of the leading parasitic diseases affecting millions worldwide. this parasite invades the intestinal mucosa, causing amoebic colitis and ulcers. it may also spread to other organs, mainly the liver, causing amoebic liver abscess (ala). current research efforts have focused on the development of specific diagnostic tests and animal models searching for a better understanding of the complex physiopathology of this disea ...200718042174
novel mitochondrion-related organelles in the anaerobic amoeba mastigamoeba balamuthi.unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria typically contain related organelles such as hydrogenosomes or mitosomes. to characterize the evolutionary diversity of these organelles, we conducted an expressed sequence tag (est) survey on the free-living amoeba mastigamoeba balamuthi, a relative of the human parasite entamoeba histolytica. from 19 182 ests, we identified 21 putative mitochondrial proteins implicated in protein import, amino acid interconversion and carbohydrate metabolism, two c ...200718045382
colitis amebiasis with symptom of occasional dripped anal bleeding.colitis amebiasis is usually characterized by bloody and mucous diarrhea, abdominal pain and anal discomfort. however, there is unusual manifestation of colitis amebiasis, such as occasional dripped anal bleeding, which sometimes spouted. therefore, we often do not suspect such symptoms for colitis amebiasis. laboratory examination includes complete laboratory test, coagulation and hematologic test, ict tbc and colonoscopy. the pathology anatomy examination reveals positive results of trophozoit ...200718046065
[elisa test for the detection of entamoeba histolytica in stool specimens]. 200718053480
structure and content of the entamoeba histolytica genome.the intestinal parasite entamoeba histolytica is one of the first protists for which a draft genome sequence has been published. although the genome is still incomplete, it is unlikely that many genes are missing from the list of those already identified. in this chapter we summarise the features of the genome as they are currently understood and provide previously unpublished analyses of many of the genes.200718063096
antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella flexneri and s. dysenteriae isolated from stool specimens of patients with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza, tanzania.this study was conducted to determine frequency and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella species isolated from stool specimens collected from patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza city, tanzania. the study was carried out from october 2004 to october 2005 and involved patients attending sekou toure regional hospital and butimba health centre. bacteriological cultures were done at the national institute for medical research laboratory. a total of 489 patients (median ...200718087897
[probable amebic brain abscess in a homosexual man with an entamoeba histolytica liver abscess].a 51-year-old japanese-brazilian homosexual man was admitted to a hospital because of fever, headache and right epigastralgia. he had been homosexual for 20 years. an abdominal ct revealed a liver abscess and microscopic examination of the pus of the drainage revealed cystic forms of entamoeba histolytica. oral administration of metronidazole 2,250 mg/day was started for amebic liver abscess. he complained of severe throbbing headache, and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the brain showed a b ...200718095503
[specific microbiological diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica infection]. 200718383746
intestinal parasites in school aged children and the first case report on amoebiasis in urinary bladder in tripoli, libya.a total of 50 fresh fecal samples were collected from children of either sex and examined by direct wet films and telemann's concentration technique. the results were based on a single stool per person study of the total children ranging from 5-18 years of age, 8 different types of intestinal parasites were recorded. the incidence of infection with one or the other parasites was found to be 42%. double or mixed infection was not uncommon. the infection rates of helminthes were hymenolepis nana 6 ...200718383779
detection of entamoeba histolytica dna from liver abscess aspirate using polymerase chain reaction (pcr): a diagnostic tool for amoebic liver abscess.amoebic liver abscess is common in bangladesh. it is usually diagnosed by suggestive clinical features, ultrasound findings and positive serology. however, none of these are definitive and the picture overlaps with pyogenic liver abscess. it is critical to differentiate amoebic liver abscess from pyogenic liver abscess as the treatment are different. this study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of entamoeba histolytica (e.histolytica) ...200718246730
intestinal parasitism, potable water availability and methods of sewage disposal in three communities in benue state, nigeria: a survey.to assess the level of parasite burden in a village community and the predisposing factors.200718240486
[evaluation of intestinal parasites in a period of four years in the coprology laboratory of a training hospital].parasitological examination of stool samples of 9867 individuals, submitted from both inpatient and outpatient departments to the microbiology department of an 800-bed training hospital between 1.1.2003 and 31.12.2006, revealed that 582 individuals (5.9%) were infected with intestinal parasites. different diagnostic methods were employed in two different periods, and blastocystis hominis, giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica/dispar were found to be the most common parasites, respective ...200718224623
[prevalence of intestinal parasites among workers in food sector in van region].stool and cellophane tape specimens were taken for parasitological examination from 739 people who work in food sector and applied to the public health lab of the van health administration for porter examination. parasites were determined at 131 people (17.71%) of 739 worker whom samples were investigated. ninety-five people had one, 30 people had two, 5 people had three and one person had four parasite species. parasites determined in the study were 19.08% helminthes and 80.91% protozoon. in th ...200718224624
morphometric study of the hepatic lesions experimentally induced in hamsters by entamoeba dispar and e. histolytica.evolution of experimental hepatic lesions produced in hamsters with entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively through morphometry and immunohistochemistry. animals infected with e. dispar developed hepatic lesions quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those produced by e. histolytica on the first three days of infection. on the 6th and 8th days of infection, e. histolytica produced larger tissue damage than e. dispar. a gradual decrease was observed ...200718225422
two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in mexican children.diarrhoeal diseases constitute a major public health problem, particularly in the developing world, where the rate of mortality and morbidity is very high. the purpose of this study was to conduct a 2 years and 3 months study in order to determine the prevalence of five enteropathogen diarrheogenic agents in mexico city.200718162140
programmed cell death in entamoeba histolytica induced by the aminoglycoside g418.this study presents morphological and biochemical evidence of programmed cell death (pcd) in entamoeba histolytica induced by exposure of trophozoites to the aminoglycoside antibiotic g418. morphological characteristics of pcd, including cell shrinkage, reduced cellular volume, nuclear condensation, dna fragmentation and vacuolization were observed, with preservation of trophozoite membrane integrity. pcd is orchestrated biochemically by alterations in intracellular ion fluxes. in g418-treated t ...200717975094
intestinal parasitic infections among school children in thailand.a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children from eight schools located in phuttamonthon district, nakhon prathom province during november 2004 to december 2004. stool samples were collected from 1920 students; age range from 7 to 12 years old, and examined for intestinal parasites by using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique. of these subjects, 242 (12.6%) were infected with one or more of 10 intestinal parasitic species. in these infected sub ...200718209713
drug effects on drug targets: inhibition of enzymes by neuroleptics, antimycotics, antibiotics and other drugs on human pathogenic amoebas and their anti-proliferative effects.this paper reviews the inhibition of various enzymes by neuroleptics, anti-mycotics, antibiotics and other drugs on three species of human pathogenic amoebas, mainly entamoeba histolytica, acanthamoeba polyphaga and naegleria fowleri, and their antiproliferative effects. a recent patent registered by philip relates to the combination of an antibacterial formulation and antifungal agent for producing a therapeutically effective quantity of an antimicrobial that is suitable for suppressing or trea ...200718221178
intestinal protozoa and helminths among terena indians in the state of mato grosso do sul: high prevalence of blastocystis hominis.a parasitological survey was carried out among terena indians living in the tereré settlement in the municipality of sidrolândia, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. single samples of feces from 313 indians were processed by means of the spontaneous sedimentation method. in the population studied, 73.5% were infected with at least one intestinal parasite or commensal. protozoa predominated. blastocystis hominis (40.9%), entamoeba coli (33.2%) and entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar (31.6%) w ...200718200414
signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates mechanotaxis induced by local low magnetic forces in entamoeba histolytica.in micro-organisms, as well as in metazoan cells, cellular polarization and directed migration are finely regulated by external stimuli, including mechanical stresses. the mechanisms sustaining the transduction of such external stresses into intracellular biochemical signals remain mainly unknown. using an external magnetic tip, we generated a magnetic field gradient that allows migration analysis of cells submitted to local low-intensity magnetic forces (50 pn). we applied our system to the amo ...200716406381
rho signaling in entamoeba histolytica modulates actomyosin-dependent activities stimulated during invasive behavior.interaction of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites with target cells and substrates activates signaling pathways in the parasite. phosphorylation cascades triggered by phospho-inositide and adenyl-cyclase-dependent pathways modulate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton to form structures that facilitate adhesion. in contrast, little is known about participation of rho proteins and rho signaling in actin rearrangements. we report here the in vivo expression of at least one rho protein in troph ...200616421927
entamoeba histolytica infection in children and protection from subsequent amebiasis.the contribution of amebiasis to the burden of diarrheal disease in children and the degree to which immunity is acquired from natural infection were assessed in a 4-year prospective observational study of 289 preschool children in an urban slum in dhaka, bangladesh. entamoeba histolytica infection was detected at least once in 80%, and repeat infection in 53%, of the children who completed 4 years of observation. annually there were 0.09 episodes/child of e. histolytica-associated diarrhea and ...200616428733
human tumor necrosis factor is a chemoattractant for the parasite entamoeba histolytica.in an analysis of the molecular factors triggering amebiasis, we investigated the chemotaxis of entamoeba histolytica toward tumor necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro, using quantitative imaging techniques. our findings enabled us to propose a hitherto unknown role for tnf as a chemokinetic and chemoattractant agent for this parasite.200616428794
identification and functional characterization of ehclc-a, an entamoeba histolytica clc chloride channel located at plasma membrane.clc chloride channels perform a wide variety of physiological functions and they had been characterized in animals, yeast, plants and bacteria but not in protozoa. by blast search we found in entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan responsible for human amoebiasis, two genes (ehclc-a and ehclc-b) encoding for putative polypeptides with 25-30% identity to clc chloride channels of several organisms. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) experiments showed that both genes are transc ...200616430698
dioxo- and oxovanadium(v) complexes of thiohydrazone ons donor ligands: synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and antiamoebic activity.as a contribution to the development of novel vanadium complexes with pharmacologically interesting properties, two neutral dioxovanadium(v) complexes [vo2(hpydx-sbdt)] (1) and [vo2(hpydx-smdt)] (3) [h2pydx-sbdt (i) and h2pydx-smdt (ii) are the schiff bases derived from pyridoxal and s-benzyl- or s-methyldithiocarbazate] have been synthesized by the reaction of [vo(acac)2] and the potassium salts of the ligands in methanol followed by aerial oxidation. heating of the methanolic solutions of thes ...200616441138
kikuchi fujimoto disease secondary to entamoeba histolytica: case report.kikuchi fujimoto disease (kfd) is a rare histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis which has a benign self-limiting clinical course. its origin is unknown, but an abnormal autoimmune reaction has been suggested and infection is often considered to be an inciting agent. a 50-year-old man presented with fever, malaise, fatigue and sweat of 7 days duration, and diarrhea for 2 days. physical examination revealed five mobile and painless cervical adenopathies. entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and cysts ...200616442163
identification and characterization of ehabc a1, an entamoeba histolytica group a abc transporter with similarity to ced-7. 200616442643
the anti-amoebic activity of some medicinal plants used by aids patients in southern thailand.the anti-amoebic activities of chloroform, methanol and water extracts from 12 thai medicinal plants (39 extracts) commonly used by aids patients in southern thailand were screened, at a concentration of 1,000 microg/ml, against entamoeba histolytica strain hth-56:mutm and strain hm1:imss growing in vitro. the extracts were incubated with 2x10(5) e. histolytica trophozoites/ml of medium at 37 degrees c under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. the cultures were examined with an inverted microscope an ...200616447069
entamoeba histolytica sequences and their relationship with experimental liver abscesses in hamsters.the purpose of the present paper was to analyse the association between sequences of entamoeba histolytica and their relationship with the development of hepatic abscesses in hamsters, using a complementary dna library for e. histolytica. from the sequences obtained, we designed oligonucleotides for amplification by pcr. trophozoites were isolated from faeces of 11 patients in whom cysts from e. histolytica were identified, and these trophozoites were then subjected to monoaxenic culture. then 1 ...200616283410
prevalence and genetic diversity of entamoeba histolytica in an institution for the mentally retarded in the philippines.a total of 113 mentally retarded patients residing in a mental institution in metropolitan manila, philippines, were screened for the presence of entamoeba histolytica based on microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). anti-e. histolytica antibodies were also screened in 97 serum samples collected using immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test. parasitological examination showed e. histolytica/entamoeba dispar in 43 cases (38.05%), while pcr detected 74 cases (65.48%) positive for e. histoly ...200616284779
biochemical and functional characterization of phosphoserine aminotransferase from entamoeba histolytica, which possesses both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated serine metabolic pathways.the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is a unicellular eukaryote that possesses both phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated serine metabolic pathways. in the present study, we described enzymological and functional characterization of phosphoserine aminotransferase (psat) from e. histolytica. e. histolytica psat (ehpsat) showed maximum activity for the forward reaction at basic ph, dissimilar to mammalian psat, which showed sharp neutral optimum ph. ehpsat activity was significantl ...200616289358
kinetics and strain variation of phagosome proteins of entamoeba histolytica by proteomic analysis.the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica ingests and feeds on microorganisms and mammalian cells. phagocytosis is essential for cell growth and implicated in pathogenesis of e. histolytica. we report here the dynamic changes of phagosome proteins during phagosome maturation by proteomic analysis using reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. phagosomes were isolated at various intervals after internalization of latex beads. immunoblot analysis and ...200616290089
dehydroepiandrosterone decreases while cortisol increases in vitro growth and viability of entamoeba histolytica.in vitro exposure of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to the sex steroids 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, and dehydrotestosterone had little effect on parasite viability or proliferation. however, treatment with the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) markedly inhibited parasite proliferation, adherence and motility, and at a certain dose it induced trophozoite lysis. the opposite effect on proliferation was found when the trophozoites were exposed to cortisol. moreover, dhea decreas ...200616293437
could the homologous sequence of anti-inflammatory pentapeptide (mlif) produced by entamoeba histolytica in the n protein of rabies virus affect the inflammatory process?amebiasis and rabies are public health problems, and they have in common a poor inflammatory effect in the target organs that they affect. in the genbank, it was found that the anti-inflammatory peptide monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif) produced by entamoeba histolytica homologates 80%, with a fragment of the n protein of the rabies virus. we speculated if the n protein could contribute to the scant inflammatory reaction produced by rabies virus in central nervous system. the n protei ...200616341883
the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocyte treated with metronidazole in vitro.5-nitroimidazoles are a group of antiprotozoal and antibacterial agents. thanks to their antimicrobial activity, these chemotherapeutic agents inhibit the growth of both anaerobic bacteria and certain anaerobic protozoa. one of the useful drugs used in the treatment of infections caused by trichomonas vaginalis, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia lamblia is metronidazole (mtz). the mutagenicity of metronidazole [1-(hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] has been previously shown in different p ...200616455592
entamoeba histolytica: comparison of the role of receptors and filamentous actin among various endocytic processes.entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. uptake of iron is critical for e. histolytica growth and iron-bound human transferrin (holo-transferrin) has been shown to serve as an iron source in vitro. although a transferrin-binding protein has been identified in e. histolytica, the mechanism by which this iron source is taken up by this pathogen is not well understood. to gain insight into this process, the uptake of fluorescent-dextran, -holo-transferrin, and human red bl ...200616458294
synthesis, characterisation, reactivity and in vitro antiamoebic activity of hydrazone based oxovanadium(iv), oxovanadium(v) and mu-bis(oxo)bis{oxovanadium(v)} complexes.binuclear, mu-bis(oxo)bis{oxovanadium(v)} complexes [(vol)2(mu-o)2](2 and 7)(where hl are the hydrazones hacpy-nah i or hacpy-fah ii; acpy = 2-acetylpyridine, nah = nicotinic acid hydrazide and fah = 2-furoic acid hydrazide) were prepared by the reaction of [vo(acac)2] and the ligands in methanol followed by aerial oxidation. the paramagnetic intermediate complexes [vo(acac)(acpy-nah)](1) and [vo(acac)(acpy-fah)](6) have also been isolated. treatment of [vo(acac)(acpy-nah)] and [vo(acac)(acpy-fa ...200616462954
a new protein superfamily includes two novel 3-methyladenine dna glycosylases from bacillus cereus, alkc and alkd.soil bacteria are heavily exposed to environmental methylating agents such as methylchloride and may have special requirements for repair of alkylation damage on dna. we have used functional complementation of an escherichia coli tag alka mutant to screen for 3-methyladenine dna glycosylase genes in genomic libraries of the soil bacterium bacillus cereus. three genes were recovered: alkc, alkd and alke. the amino acid sequence of alke is homologous to the e. coli alka sequence. alkc and alkd rep ...200616468998
co-ordinate but disproportionate activation of apoptotic, regenerative and inflammatory pathways characterizes the liver response to acute amebic infection.the liver has the remarkable ability to respond to injury with repair and regeneration. the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is the major cause of liver abscess worldwide. we report a transcriptional analysis of the response of mouse liver to e. histolytica infection, the first study looking at acute liver infection by a non-viral pathogen. focusing on early time points, we identified 764 genes with altered transcriptional levels in amebic liver abscess. the response to infection is rapi ...200616469061
synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity of 1-(thiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline-2-yl)-3-phenyl-2-pyrazoline derivatives.a new series of 1-n-thiocarboxamide-3-phenyl-2-pyrazolines 1-6 was synthesized by cyclization of different mannich bases with unsubstituted thiosemicarbazide. the reaction of cyclized pyrazoline derivatives 1-6 with 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline afforded the title compounds 7-12. the structures of the new compounds were confirmed by elemental analyses as well as (1)h, (13)c nmr, ir and electronic spectral data. the hm1:imss strain of entamoeba histolytica parasite was cultured in vitro and the sensiti ...200616495051
colonic amoebic abscess mimicking carcinoma of the colon.amoebiasis is an uncommon disease in developed countries. its clinical presentation can be variable and non-specific, and the diagnosis can be easily overlooked. we report a case of colonic amoebic abscess mimicking advanced colonic cancer with acute intestinal obstruction and liver metastasis. the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of amoebiasis are also reviewed.200616495594
pleiotropic phenotype in entamoeba histolytica overexpressing dna methyltransferase (ehmeth).the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica expresses a cytosine-5 dna methyltransferase (ehmeth) that belongs to the dnmt2 proteins family. the biological function of members of the dnmt2 family is unknown. constitutive overexpression of ehmeth resulted in a pleiotropic phenotype that includes accumulation of multinucleated cells, upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) expression and resistance to oxidative stress. this pleiotropic phenotype suggests that ehmeth plays an important role ...200616497397
epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology of traveler's diarrhea.traveler's diarrhea (td) is the most frequent health problem in travelers to developing countries. several personal and environmental risk factors are at the basis of td acquisition and are discussed in this paper. td is caused by a wide range of infectious organisms, etec and eaec bacteria strains being the main enteropathogens incriminated in td. other causative bacteria are: shigella spp., campylobacter spp., vibrio spp., aeromonas spp., salmonella spp., and plesiomonas spp. parasite species ...200616498258
cognitive effects of diarrhea, malnutrition, and entamoeba histolytica infection on school age children in dhaka, bangladesh.cognitive function was assessed in 191 bangladeshi children 6-9 years of age using verbal and nonverbal tests. these scores were added to a health surveillance database that was compiled over the four previous years that includes incidence of diarrhea and entamoeba histolytica infection and nutritional status. the associations of diarrhea, malnutrition, and social factors with cognitive scores were analyzed statistically, and associations between diarrhea and test scores were controlled for the ...200616525109
a novel saposin-like protein of entamoeba histolytica with membrane-fusogenic activity.amoebapores, the pore-forming proteins of entamoeba histolytica, are major pathogenicity factors of the parasite. upon a comprehensive survey in the recently completed genome data sets for the protozoon, we identified in addition to the three amoebapore genes, 16 genes which are constitutively expressed and code for structurally similar proteins, all belonging to the family of saposin-like proteins. here, we recombinantly expressed in bacteria a defined single entity of this expansive amoebic pr ...200616529828
dna methylation and targeting of line retrotransposons in entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba invadens.in this study, we have isolated by affinity chromatography, using anti-m5c antibody as a ligand, a dna encoding reverse transcriptase of line retrotransposon (rt line) in both entamoeba invadens and entamoeba histolytica. rt line transcripts were detected in e. histolytica but were absent from e. invadens. the methylation status of genomic copies of e. invadens rt line was confirmed by bisulfite analysis. in contrast, all the genomic copies of the e. histolytica rt line analyzed in this study we ...200616530279
antisense inhibition of entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases inhibits colonic mucus degradation.the exact role entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases play in overcoming the colonic mucus barrier, as a prerequisite to epithelial cell disruption, is not known. herein, we determined whether e histolytica trophozoites expressing the antisense transcript to cysteine protease 5 (ehcp5) could degrade colonic mucin and destroy epithelial cells.200616530514
two families of rep-like genes that probably originated by interspecies recombination are represented in viral, plasmid, bacterial, and parasitic protozoan genomes.two families of genes related to, and including, rolling circle replication initiator protein (rep) genes were defined by sequence similarity and by evidence of intergene family recombination. the rep genes of circoviruses were the best characterized members of the "recrep1 family." other members of the recrep1 family were rep-like genes found in the genomes of the canarypox virus, entamoeba histolytica, and giardia duodenalis and in a plasmid, p4m, from the gram-positive bacterium, bifidobacter ...200616531508
[prevalence of intestinal parasites in children of yukpa ethnia in toromo, zulia state, venezuela].yupkpa community in perijá sierra does not have drinking water or sewage elimination systems. thus it becomes a propitious place for infection with intestinal parasites.200616532165
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses in taiwan.this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and sexually transmitted infections (stis) and predictors of risky sexual behaviors among men visiting gay bathhouses.200616543861
cyclooctadiene ru(ii) complexes of thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde-derived thiosemicarbazones: synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity.thiosemicarbazones (tsc) 1-10 were synthesized by condensing substituted thiosemicarbazide with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde. these thiosemicarbazones were further reacted with [ru(eta4-c8h12)(ch3cn)2cl2] to form complexes of the type [ru(eta4-c8h12)(tsc)cl2] 1a-10a. thiosemicarbazones exhibited antiamoebic activity in the range ic50=1.09-5.42 microm. in vitro assessment of antiamoebic activity indicated that the thiosemicarbazones 3, ic50=1.67 microm, 4, ic50=1.11 microm and 6, ic50=1.09 microm s ...200616545496
entamoeba histolytica: differences in phagosome acidification and degradation between attenuated and virulent strains.phagocytosis is the important virulent determinant of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. we compared the kinetics of phagosome maturation of attenuated and highly-virulent strains of e. histolytica using video microscopy. phagosomes of attenuated strains were acidified rapidly within 2 min after phagosome formation (at the rate of 0.96 ph/min), persisted at ph 4.46+/-0.13, and degraded ingested gfp-leishmania very efficiently (90-94% gfp fluorescence was lost in 30 min), while ...200616546173
an unsuspected cause of chronic colitis. 200616698754
amebic liver abscess rupturing into the lesser omentum space.a case of an amebic abscess localized in the lesser omentum is reported. there was no sign of a liver abscess in the imaging examination or the operative findings. however, it is likely that the amebic infection occurred after a liver abscess ruptured into the abdominal cavity. early diagnosis and therapy are required when an abscess of unknown origin borders the liver, given the possibility of amebic abscess.200616708304
ehpak2, a novel p21-activated kinase, is required for collagen invasion and capping in entamoeba histolytica.p21-activated kinases (paks) are a highly conserved family of enzymes that are activated by rho gtpases. all paks contain an n-terminal cdc42/rac interacting binding (crib) domain, which confers binding to these gtpases, and a c-terminal kinase domain. in addition, some paks such as cla4p, skm1p and pak2p contain an n-terminal pleckstrin homology (ph) domain and form a distinct group of pak proteins involved in cell morphology, cell-cycle and gene transcription. here, we describe a novel p21-act ...200616716419
entamoeba histolytica-associated diarrheal illness is negatively associated with the growth of preschool children: evidence from a prospective study.the enteric protozoa, cryptosporidium, giardia and entamoeba histolytica, cause diarrhea in children. we investigated the association of enteric protozoan-associated diarrheal illness with the nutritional status and growth of preschool children in dhaka, bangladesh. the subjects were 221 children aged 2-5 years who were followed prospectively for diarrheal illness for 3 years. the weight and height of the children were measured at entry and at 4-month intervals. cryptosporidium and e. histolytic ...200616730764
antiamoebic activity of iridoids from morinda morindoides leaves.an aqueous decoction (dried extract), an 80 % methanolic extract from morinda morindoides (rubiaceae) leaves, and five iridoids isolated from the 80 % methanolic extract were evaluated in vitro for their activity against entamoeba histolytica and their cytotoxicity. the aqueous decoction and the 80 % methanolic extract exhibited a promising antiamoebic activity with ic (50) values of 3.1 +/- 1.7 and 1.7 +/- 0.6 microg/ml, respectively. all tested iridoids displayed antiamoebic activity, the most ...200616732537
transcriptional silencing of multiple genes in trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica.in a previous work we described the transcriptional silencing of the amoebapore a (ap-a) gene (ehap-a) of entamoeba histolytica strain hm-1:imss. the silencing occurred following transfection with a plasmid containing a 5' upstream region (473 bp) of ehap-a that included a truncated segment (140 bp) of a short interspersed nuclear element (sine1). silencing remained in effect even after removal of the plasmid (clone g3). neither short interfering rna nor methylated dna were detected, but the chr ...200616733544
increased expression of the major cysteine proteinases by stable episomal transfection underlines the important role of ehcp5 for the pathogenicity of entamoeba histolytica.the protozoan entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal inflammation and liver abscess. cysteine proteinases (cps) have been proposed as important virulence factors for amoebiasis. to test the role of the various cps for amoeba induced pathology, the three major enzymes of the parasite, namely ehcp1, ehcp2 and ehcp5 accounting for about 90% of total proteinase activity, were overexpressed by stable episomal transfection. total cp activity of recombinant amoebae increased by three- to six-fold depe ...200616753229
diagnostic methods for differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in carriers: performance and clinical implications in a non-endemic setting.unpreserved faecal samples, suspected to contain entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar cysts or trophozoites on the basis of microscopic examination, and serum samples from 416 patients were collected in a prospective study to determine whether stool antigen assays and detection of antibodies in serum are reliable methods to distinguish between carriers of e. histolytica and e. dispar in comparison to the reference test: real-time pcr. in 283 patients (68%) dna of e. histolytica or e. dispar wa ...200616753339
entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteases cleave the muc2 mucin in its c-terminal domain and dissolve the protective colonic mucus gel.in order for the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica (e.h.) to cause invasive intestinal and extraintestinal infection, which leads to significant morbidity and mortality, it must disrupt the protective mucus layer by a previously unknown mechanism. we hypothesized that cysteine proteases secreted from the amoeba disrupt the mucin polymeric network, thereby overcoming the protective mucus barrier. the muc2 mucin is the major structural component of the colonic mucus gel. heavily o-glycosyla ...200616754877
comparison of a stool antigen detection kit and pcr for diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections in asymptomatic cyst passers in iran.the present study was conducted to compare stool antigen detection with pcr for the diagnosis of entamoeba sp. infection in asymptomatic cyst passers from iran. entamoeba dispar and, in one case, e. moshkovskii were the entamoeba spp. found in the amebic cyst passers. there was a 100% correlation between the results from the techlab e. histolytica ii stool antigen kit and those from nested pcr. we concluded that e. dispar is much more common in asymptomatic cyst passers in iran and that antigen ...200616757634
higher seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection is associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in taiwan.we assessed the seroprevalence of entamoeba histolytica infection using indirect hemagglutination antibody (iha) assay among 667 hiv-infected persons (group a), 1,311 asymptomatic hiv-uninfected persons seeking anonymous hiv testing (group b), 616 hiv-uninfected controls with gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea and/or liver abscess) seeking medical care (group c), and 2,500 healthy controls undergoing health check-up (group d). an iha titer >or= 128 was detected in 7.1% of group a, 2.5% of group ...200616760513
detection of entamoeba histolytica using polymerase chain reaction in pus samples from amebic liver abscess.direct demonstration of entamoeba histolytica by conventional microscopy and in vitro culture in pus obtained from amebic liver abscess (ala) is often unsuccessful. we evaluated polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of e. histolytica dna in such pus.200616763330
amoebiasis cutis in hiv positive patient.protozoan infections of the skin, particularly cutaneous amoebiasis, are rare in hiv-positive patients. we report a case of amoebiasis cutis in an hiv-positive truck driver with a history of frequent unprotected sexual exposures. he presented with multiple painful ulcers and sinuses with purulent discharge, necrotic slough and scarring in the perianal and gluteal region for the last 2 years. he was positive for hiv-1 and -2. cutaneous biopsy revealed numerous entamoeba histolytica in the trophoz ...200616766840
cutaneous amebiasis in a child and review of the literature.cutaneous amebiasis is a rare manifestation of infection with the parasite entamoeba histolytica. we describe this infestation in a 9-year-old mexican immigrant who presented with diarrhea and perianal ulcers. to our knowledge, this is only the tenth child with cutaneous amebiasis reported in the literature, and only the second from the united states. we review previous reports and emphasize the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent potenti ...200616780468
mucosal immunity to asymptomatic entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infection is associated with a peak intestinal anti-lectin immunoglobulin a antibody response.we monitored 93 subjects cured of amebic liver abscess (ala) and 963 close associate controls in durban, south africa, and determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that the intestinal immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody response to the entamoeba histolytica galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin is most accurately represented by a complex pattern of transitory peaks. one or more intestinal anti-lectin iga antibody peaks occurred in 85.9% of ala subjects over 36 months compared to 41.6% of con ...200616790762
studying cellular architecture in three dimensions with improved resolution: ta replicas revisited.metal replicas have been used for surface analysis of biological structures with a variety of spatial resolutions. platinum (pt) has been the metal of choice because it provides very stable replicas and images of high contrast. some other metals, such as tantalum (ta) have been reported to provide better resolution on isolated macromolecular complexes and cellular structures. our goal is to study the gain in detail with ta and to evaluate if it provides enough detail and resolution to assist in ...200616798024
the second cysteine protease inhibitor, ehicp2, has a different localization in trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica than ehicp1.the genome of entamoeba histolytica contains two genes encoding inhibitors of cysteine proteases of the chagasin family. in contrast to that of ehicp1, the derived primary structure of the second inhibitor, ehicp2, possesses a typical n-terminal signal sequence. processed ehicp2 is as weakly related to amoebiasin-1 (27% identity) as to chagasin (identity 30%), indicating a different evolutionary origin of both amebic genes. by northern blots, we confirmed the expression of the ehicp2 gene, and i ...200616802137
amoebicidal activity of milk, apo-lactoferrin, siga and lysozyme.to identify amoebicidal components in human milk and the effect of iron on the amoebicidal activity.200616809402
resistance of c57bl/6 mice to amoebiasis is mediated by nonhemopoietic cells but requires hemopoietic il-10 production.resistance to intestinal amoebiasis is mouse strain dependent. c57bl/6 (b6) mice clear entamoeba histolytica within hours of challenge, whereas c3h and cba strains are susceptible to infection and disease. in this study, we show using bone marrow (bm) chimeric mice that mouse strain-dependent resistance is mediated by nonhemopoietic cells; specifically, b6 bm --> cba recipients remained susceptible as measured by amoeba score and culture, whereas cba bm --> b6 recipients remained resistant. inte ...200616818779
progress in research on entamoeba histolytica pathogenesis.entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite of humans that causes 40,000-100,000 deaths annually. clinical amoebiasis results from the spread of the normally luminal parasite into the colon wall and beyond; the key development in understanding this complex multistage process has been the publication of the e. histolytica genome, from which has come an explosion in the use of microarrays to examine changes in gene expression that result from changes in growth conditions. the genome has also rev ...200616824782
crohn's colitis perforation due to superimposed invasive amebic colitis: a case report.the clinical and microscopic appearances of inflammatory bowel disease may be very similar to those of amebic colitis. the coexistence of invasive amebiasis with inflammatory bowel disease may have disastrous results. patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a greater prevalence of amebiasis, but this association is more significant for ulcerative colitis. there have been very few reports in the literature presenting the superimposition of amebiasis on crohn's disease. in this report, a rar ...200616830298
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