Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits microsomal prostaglandin e(2) synthase-1. | prostaglandin (pg)e(2) is a critical lipid mediator connecting chronic inflammation to cancer. the anti-carcinogenic epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) from green tea (camellia sinensis) suppresses cellular pge(2) biosynthesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. here, we investigated the interference of egcg with enzymes involved in pge(2) biosynthesis, namely cytosolic phospholipase (cpl)a(2), cyclooxygenase (cox)-1 and -2, and microsomal prostaglandin e(2) synthase-1 (mpges-1) ... | 2009 | 19665000 |
| fate of imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues during black tea manufacture and transfer into tea infusion. | the objective of this paper is to investigate the loss/stability of neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and acetamiprid) residues during the manufacture of black tea and to study the transfer of these pesticides from made tea to its infusion. for orthodox black tea, the manufacturing process involves leaf harvesting (plucking two leaves and a bud), withering, rolling, fermentation (oxidation), and drying. initial withering and final drying resulted in the loss of pesticide residues, but no significant ... | 2009 | 19680885 |
| antioxidant activity of some plant extracts towards xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase and tyrosinase. | natural products have the potential to be developed into new drugs for the treatment of various diseases. the aim of the present study was to screen the antioxidant activities of some common edible fruits, garden plants and medicinal plants indigenous to taiwan. this was performed by assessing the activities of lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase following incubation with extracts from these plants. a further aim was to use hplc-dad and tyrosinase to chromatographically identify the an ... | 2009 | 19701137 |
| black-tea polyphenols suppress postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia by suppressing lymphatic transport of dietary fat in rats. | administration of black-tea polyphenols (btp) at 100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight in rats suppressed postprandial hypertriacylglycerolemia in a dose-dependent manner. administration of btp also suppressed lymphatic recovery of (14)c-trioleoylglycerol in rats that were cannulated in the thoracic duct. btp dose-dependently inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro with an ic50 of 0.254 mg/ml. when purified theaflavins, which are components of btp, were used, theaflavins with galloyl moi ... | 2009 | 19722586 |
| physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of 3 polysaccharides from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. | three polysaccharide-rich fractions named gtps, otps, and btps were isolated from green tea, oolong tea, and black tea, respectively. chemical characteristics, glycosidase inhibitory effects, and antioxidant properties of the 3 fractions were compared. monosaccharides of gtps were composed of d-rhamnose, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-mannose, d-galactose, and d-glucose. but there were no xylose and mannose detected in otps and btps. the molecular weight distributions were decreased from 9.2 to 251.5 ... | 2009 | 19723184 |
| chlorhexidine and green tea extract reduce dentin erosion and abrasion in situ. | this in situ/ex vivo study aimed to analyse the impact of possible mmp-inhibitors (chlorhexidine and green tea extract) on dentin wear induced by erosion or erosion plus abrasion. | 2009 | 19733206 |
| an epr study on tea: identification of paramagnetic species, effect of heat and sweeteners. | tea (camellia sinensis) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, and is known to be having therapeutic, antioxidant and nutritional effects. electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectral studies made on the tea cultivated along the shore of black sea, turkey, show mn(2+) and fe(3+) centers in green tea leaves and in black tea extract. dry black tea flakes and dry extract show additional sharp line attributed to semiquinone radical. the origins of the paramagnetic species in black tea ... | 2009 | 19733505 |
| hla-b27 subtypes in patients with spondylarthropathies, ige levels against some allergens and their relationship to the disease parameters. | in suitable genetic backgrounds, some exogenous and/or endogenous antigens may cause spa. in this study, we investigated hla b27 subtypes and its relationship to some allergens and clinical findings in a group of spa patients. forty-eight patients (19f, 29m) with spa (27 with ankylosing spondylitis, 5 with reactive arthritis, 15 undifferentiated and 1 with psoriatic arthritis) were included to the study. hla-b alleles have been assessed using the lipa (line probe assay) reverse hybridization pri ... | 2009 | 19750986 |
| green tea (camellia sinensis) catechins and vascular function. | the health benefits of green tea (camellia sinensis) catechins are becoming increasingly recognised. amongst the proposed benefits are the maintenance of endothelial function and vascular homeostasis and an associated reduction in atherogenesis and cvd risk. the mounting evidence for the influential effect of green tea catechins on vascular function from epidemiological, human intervention and animal studies is subject to review together with exploration of the potential mechanistic pathways inv ... | 2009 | 19751534 |
| l-theanine, an amino acid in green tea, attenuates beta-amyloid-induced cognitive dysfunction and neurotoxicity: reduction in oxidative damage and inactivation of erk/p38 kinase and nf-kappab pathways. | amyloid beta (abeta)-induced neurotoxicity is a major pathological mechanism of alzheimer disease (ad). in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of l-theanine, a component of green tea (camellia sinensis), on abeta(1-42)-induced neuronal cell death and memory impairment. oral treatment of l-theanine (2 and 4 mg/kg) for 5 weeks in the drinking water of mice, followed by injection of abeta(1-42) (2 microg/mouse, icv), significantly attenuated abeta(1-42)-induced memory impairment. furt ... | 2009 | 19766184 |
| black tea theaflavins extend the lifespan of fruit flies. | black tea extract (bte) is a mixture of epicatechins and theaflavins. the present study investigated the effect of bte on the lifespan of drosophila melanogaster. results showed the mean lifespan was significantly extended from 51 to 56days upon bte treatment. gene expression of superoxide dismutase (sod1 and sod2), catalase (cat), and methuselah (mth) was characterized by an increase in young and then a decrease in aged fruit flies. higher gene expression of sod1 and cat was observed in the bte ... | 2009 | 19770032 |
| skin penetration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and quercetin from green tea and ginkgo biloba extracts vehiculated in cosmetic formulations. | green tea (camellia sinensis) and ginkgo biloba extracts in cosmetic formulations have been suggested to protect the skin against uv-induced damage and skin ageing. thus, it is very important to assess the human skin penetration of their major flavonoids to verify if they penetrate and remain in the skin to exert their proposed effects. the aim of this study was to evaluate the human skin penetration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) and quercetin from green tea and g. biloba extracts vehicul ... | 2009 | 19786823 |
| modulatory effects of black v. green tea aqueous extract on hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and liver dysfunction in diabetic and obese rat models. | cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, obesity and the metabolic syndrome. recently, there has been an increasing interest in tea as a protective agent against cvd. here, we compared the modulatory effects of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight given orally for 28 consecutive days) of black tea aqueous extract (bte, rich in theaflavins and thearubigins) and green tea aqueous extract (gte, rich in catechins) on experiment ... | 2009 | 19825205 |
| greeen tea extracts lower serum folates in rats at very high dietary concentrations only and do not affect plasma folates in a human pilot study. | green tea catechins (gtc) have been shown to inhibit the activities of enzymes involved in folate uptake. hence, regular green tea drinkers may be at risk of impaired folate status. the present experiments aimed at studying the impact of dietary gtc on folate concentrations and metabolism. in a human pilot study (parallel design) healthy men consumed for 3 weeks 6 capsules (approximately 670 mg gtc) per day (2 capsules with each principal meal) containing aqueous extracts of the leaves of camell ... | 2009 | 19826188 |
| chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during processing of tea and selected foods. | this review will discuss recent progress in the chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during food processing. the production mechanism of the secondary polyphenols in black tea, whisky, cinnamon, and persimmon fruits will be introduced. in the process of black tea production, tea leaf catechins are enzymatically oxidized to yield a complex mixture of oxidation products, including theaflavins and thearubigins. despite the importance of the beverage, most of the chemical constituents have no ... | 2009 | 20161999 |
| changes in the composition of raw tea leaves from the korean yabukida plant during high-temperature processing to pan-fried kamairi-cha green tea. | to develop a better understanding of compositional changes occurring during the production of commercial teas, we determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) changes in ingredient levels during each of several manufacturing steps used to produce kamairi-cha, a premium green tea. kamairi-cha uses pan-frying instead of the usual blanching technique to inactivate the enzymes responsible for producing traditional black tea. the resulting tea lacks the characteristic bitterness of gre ... | 2009 | 19646035 |
| [effect of broken black tea on the formation of dental enamel and the contents of twelve kinds of chemical elements]. | objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of broken black tea with slightly hyper-normal fluoride content which was near the level of people tea-drinking habits on enamel morphological structure and its content of chemical elements. thirty six rats were divided randomly into 3 groups: one was control group and another two groups fed with broken black tea infusion with f- content of 8.2 mg/l and 16.4 mg/l, respectively. after 360 days, collected 144 teeth, observed their morp ... | 2009 | 20047234 |
| polyphenols action against oxidative stress formation in endothelial cells. | the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), theaflavins (tfs) and black tea extract (bte) on oxidative stress formation as well as on antioxidant system of human vein endothelial cells (huvec). huvec were incubated for 0,5 h with 100 mm tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp) for oxidative stress formation. the influence of egcg, tfs, and bte on oxidative stress and antioxidant system parameters was investigated by the pre-incubation for 2 h with 50 mg/m ... | 2009 | 20050525 |
| identification, characterization and utilization of unigene derived microsatellite markers in tea (camellia sinensis l.). | despite great advances in genomic technology observed in several crop species, the availability of molecular tools such as microsatellite markers has been limited in tea (camellia sinensis l.). the development of microsatellite markers will have a major impact on genetic analysis, gene mapping and marker assisted breeding. unigene derived microsatellite (ugms) markers identified from publicly available sequence database have the advantage of assaying variation in the expressed component of the g ... | 2009 | 19426565 |
| online gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (hrgc-c/p-irms) of (+/-)-dihydroactinidiolide from tea ( camellia sinensis ) and rooibos tea ( aspalathus linearis ). | online capillary gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry in both the combustion and the pyrolysis modes (hrgc-c/p-irms) was employed to perform authentication studies of the flavoring agent (+/-)-dihydroactinidiolide. thus, the delta(13)c(v-pdb) and delta(2)h(v-smow) values of synthetic (ex synthetic beta-ionone and natural beta-carotene) as well as enzymatically (ex synthetic and natural beta-carotene) produced references were studied in comparison with those of the natural substance ... | 2009 | 19514730 |
| development of microsatellite and amplicon length polymorphism markers for camellia japonica l. from tea plant (camellia sinensis) expressed sequence tags. | simple sequence repeats and amplicon length polymorphism markers for camellia japonica were developed, based on camellia sinensis sequences in the national center for biotechnology information database. in total, 2495 gene sequences were used to design 216 primer pairs. to identify amplicon length polymorphism markers, 61 gene loci in 16 camellia individuals were re-sequenced. in total, 10 markers (three expressed sequence tags-simple sequence repeats and seven amplicon length polymorphisms) yie ... | 2009 | 21564753 |
| tea, coffee, and cocoa as ultraviolet radiation protectants for the beet armyworm nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the addition of 1% (wt:vol) aqueous extracts of cocoa (theobroma cacao l.) (malvales: malvaceae), coffee (coffea arabica l.) (gentianales: rubiaceae), and green and black tea (camellia sinensis l.) (ericales: theaceae) provided excellent uv radiation protection for the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), nucleopolyhedrovirus under laboratory conditions. aqueous extracts of coffee, green tea, and black tea at 0.5% provided 85-100% uv protection, whereas cocoa provi ... | 2009 | 19886440 |
| cloning and differential expression of qm like protein homologue from tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | the qm like protein gene encodes for ribosomal protein l10, which is implicated in tumor suppression, transcription factor regulation, and ribosome stability in yeast and mammals. present study describes cloning of a full-length qm cdna (csqm) from tea leaves using differential display of mrna followed by rapid amplification of cdna ends. expression of csqm was studied in leaves of different stages of development and under various external cues. csqm contained an open reading frame of 651 bases, ... | 2009 | 18454353 |
| a preconcentration system for determination of copper and nickel in water and food samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. | a separation/preconcentration procedure using solid phase extraction has been proposed for the flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper and nickel at trace level in food samples. the solid phase is dowex optipore sd-2 resin contained on a minicolumn, where analyte ions are sorbed as 5-methyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol chelates. after elution using 1 mol l(-1) nitric acid solution, the analytes are determinate employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the optimizatio ... | 2009 | 18620809 |
| quantitation of chafurosides a and b in tea leaves and isolation of prechafurosides a and b from oolong tea leaves. | a procedure was developed for the quantitative determination of chafuroside a, a flavone c-glycoside with potent anti-inflammatory activity, and its regioisomer chafuroside b, as well as isovitexin and vitexin, by selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (srm lc-ms/ms) analysis. this method was successfully applied to commercial leaves of green tea, houji tea, oolong tea, and black tea. high levels of chafurosides a and b were found in oolong tea leaves that ha ... | 2009 | 19572651 |
| black tea consumption dose-dependently improves flow-mediated dilation in healthy males. | flavonoids may protect against cardiovascular disease. tea is a major source of dietary flavonoids. studies indicate black tea improves endothelial function but data on arterial haemodynamics, blood pressure (bp) and insulin resistance are equivocal. inconsistency may be due to flaws in study design or flavonoid doses tested. further, no study has evaluated the dose-response curve. our study aimed to test the effects of various doses of black tea on vascular function, bp and insulin resistance. | 2009 | 19516176 |
| dietary pattern, the metabolic syndrome, and left ventricular mass and systolic function: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. | little is known about the relations between dietary patterns, metabolic dysfunction, and left ventricular (lv) function. | 2009 | 19515735 |
| increase of theaflavin gallates and thearubigins by acceleration of catechin oxidation in a new fermented tea product obtained by the tea-rolling processing of loquat ( eriobotrya japonica ) and green tea leaves. | in a project to produce a new fermented tea product from non-used tea leaves harvested in the summer, we found that kneading tea leaves ( camellia sinensis ) with fresh loquat leaves ( eriobotrya japonica ) accelerated the enzymatic oxidation of tea catechins. the fermented tea obtained by tea-rolling processing of tea and loquat leaves had a strong, distinctive flavor and a plain aftertaste, which differed from usual black, green, and oolong teas. the phenolic constituents were similar to those ... | 2009 | 19507893 |
| caffeine biosynthesis and degradation in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] is under developmental and seasonal regulation. | to study caffeine biosynthesis and degradation, here we monitored caffeine synthase gene expression and caffeine and allantoin content in various tissues of four camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze cultivars during non-dormant (nd) and dormant (d) growth phases. caffeine synthase expression as well as caffeine content was found to be higher in commercially utilized tissues like apical bud, 1st leaf, 2nd leaf, young stem, and was lower in old leaf during nd compared to d growth phase. among fruit pa ... | 2009 | 19479388 |
| ft-ir methodology for quality control of arabinogalactan protein (agp) extracted from green tea (camellia sinensis ). | a rapid methodology of quality control was developed for arabinogalactan proteins (agp) extracted and purified from green tea. using the vectorial angle method and ir spectrum analysis, the 1200-800 cm(-1) region in second-derivative ir spectra was determined as the key fingerprinting region of green tea agp, with the 1090-900 cm(-1) region reflecting their conservative and common characteristics. in fact, the key monosaccharides, galactose (gal) and arabinose (ara), were shown to have intense p ... | 2009 | 19456132 |
| comparison of peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of commonly consumed beverages. | the antioxidant potential of commercial beverages against peroxyl radical was determined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (tosc) assay. peroxyl radicals generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis-amidinopropane oxidize alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyric acid to ethylene, which is monitored by gas chromatography. the tosc of each beverage is quantified from its ability to inhibit ethylene generation relative to a control reaction. nine different beverages (green tea, jasmine tea, ... | 2009 | 19280160 |
| separation of catechins and methylxanthines in tea samples by capillary electrochromatography. | in this paper, the simultaneous separation of several polyphenols such as (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, theophylline, caffeine in green and black teas by capillary electrochromatography (cec) was developed. several experimental parameters such as stationary phase type, mobile phase composition, buffer and ph, inner diameter of the columns, sample injection, were evaluated to obtain the complete separation of the analysed compounds. baseline resolution of the studied polyph ... | 2009 | 19266552 |
| long-term tea intake is associated with reduced prevalence of (type 2) diabetes mellitus among elderly people from mediterranean islands: medis epidemiological study. | we sought to evaluate the link between long-term tea intake and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a sample of elderly adults. | 2009 | 19259345 |
| biogenic synthesis of au and ag nanoparticles using aqueous solutions of black tea leaf extracts. | we explored the application of three different aqueous solutions derived from black tea leaf extracts in the synthesis of au and ag nanoparticles. the plain tea leaf broth, as well as that containing the ethyl acetate extract of tea leaves, were found to be extremely efficient, leading to rapid formation of stable nanoparticles of various shapes: spheres, trapezoids, prisms and rods. for a given metal ion precursor, the kinetics of particle synthesis were remarkably similar in these two solution ... | 2009 | 19250808 |
| centrifugal precipitation chromatography, a powerful technique for the isolation of active enzymes from tea leaves (camellia sinensis). | centrifugal precipitation chromatography was developed approximately 10 years ago. in contrast to other counter-current chromatographic techniques, the centrifugal precipitation chromatography system is operated with two mutually miscible solutions separated by a cut-off membrane. centrifugal precipitation chromatography was firstly introduced for the separation of proteins using an ammonium sulfate gradient. in this study we describe a novel approach using solvent-based protein precipitation fo ... | 2009 | 19233373 |
| dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health. | there is much epidemiological evidence that diets rich in fruit and vegetables can reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and stroke. these protective effects are attributed, in part, to phenolic secondary metabolites. this review summarizes the chemistry, biosynthesis and occurrence of the compounds involved, namely the c6-c3-c6 flavonoids-anthocyanins, dihydrochalcones, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, flavones, flavonols and isoflavones. i ... | 2009 | 19636448 |
| speciation and separation of cr(vi) and cr(iii) using coprecipitation with ni2+/2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid and determination by faas in water and food samples. | a speciation procedure for chromium(iii) and chromium(vi) in the water and food samples has been established in the presented work. the procedure presented based on quantitative recoveries of cr(iii)>95% using coprecipitation of ni(2+)/2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid. the total chromium was measured after reduction of cr(vi) by concentrated h(2)so(4) and ethanol. the cr(vi) was calculated as the difference between the total cr content and the cr(iii) contents. the analytical variables, ph, ... | 2009 | 19632291 |
| coffee and green tea as a large source of antioxidant polyphenols in the japanese population. | food and beverages rich in polyphenols with antioxidant activity are highlighted as a potential factor for risk reduction of lifestyle related diseases. this study was conducted to elucidate total polyphenol consumption from beverages in japanese people. total polyphenol (tp) contents in beverages were measured using a modified folin-ciocalteu method removing the interference of reduced sugars by using reverse-phase column chromatography. a beverage consumption survey was conducted in the tokyo ... | 2009 | 19187022 |
| study on discrimination of roast green tea (camellia sinensis l.) according to geographical origin by ft-nir spectroscopy and supervised pattern recognition. | rapid discrimination of roast green tea according to geographical origin is crucial to quality control. fourier transform near-infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy and supervised pattern recognition was attempted to discriminate chinese green tea according to geographical origins (i.e. anhui province, henan province, jiangsu province, and zhejiang province) in this work. four supervised pattern recognitions methods were used to construct the discrimination models based on principal component analysis ... | 2009 | 19155188 |
| trapping effects of green and black tea extracts on peroxidation-derived carbonyl substances of seal blubber oil. | green and black tea extracts were employed to stabilize seal blubber oil at 60 degrees c for 140 h. on the basis of the headspace spme-gc-ms analysis, with the addition of green/black tea extracts, the contents of acetaldehyde, acrolein, malondialdehyde, and propanal, four major lipid peroxidation products, were reduced. the inhibition rates of acrolein formation by green tea and black tea extracts were 98.40 and 96.41% respectively, and were 99.17 and 98.16% for malondialdehyde, respectively, m ... | 2009 | 19154106 |
| interaction between warfarin and black tea. | 2009 | 19126824 | |
| residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in tea. | field experiments were conducted at two places in tamil nadu (india) during dry season of 2006 to determine the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin in fresh green tea leaves and black tea. residues were quantified at different harvest intervals of '0' (3h), 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after insecticide application. persistence, dissipation pattern, half-life value and safe harvest interval of the insecticide in tea were calculated. residues of lambda-cyhalothrin dissipated exponentially aft ... | 2009 | 19116161 |
| risk factors for renal cell cancer in a japanese population. | the incidence of renal cell cancer has been increasing worldwide. although the incidence of renal cell cancer in japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries, there is no doubt that it is increasing. in this paper, we would like to introduce the result of our studies, which evaluate the risk factors for renal cell cancer in japan. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney diseases, fondness for fatty food and black tea showed an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma while a ... | 2009 | 20689612 |
| higher regular coffee and tea consumption is associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk. | several studies have investigated the associations between diet and endometrial cancer, but few have focused specifically on coffee and tea. in a hospital-based case-control study, we examined the associations between endometrial cancer risk and usual consumption of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and black tea among 541 women with endometrial cancer and 541 women with an intact uterus but without a cancer diagnosis seen at roswell park cancer institute (buffalo, new york) between 1982 and 1998. d ... | 2009 | 19107932 |
| epigallocatechin gallate from green tea (camellia sinensis) increases lifespan and stress resistance in caenorhabditis elegans. | epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is a major green tea polyphenol with pronounced antioxidative activity. the effects of egcg on lifespan and stress resistance in wild-type n2 and transgenic strains of caenorhabditis elegans [ hsp-16.2/gfp, mev-1(kn1), fem-1(hc17)] were investigated. the expression of hsp-16.2 (induced by the pro-oxidant juglone) and the intracellular levels of h (2)o (2) were inhibited by egcg treatment. daily administration of 220 mum egcg increased the mean lifespan by 10.14 % ... | 2009 | 19085685 |
| accumulation of catechins in tea in relation to accumulation of mrna from genes involved in catechin biosynthesis. | catechins are a group of polyphenols found in tea (camellia sinensis var. sinensis) at high levels. they are beneficial for health. from the study on accumulation of catechins in shoots and mature leaves of a tea cultivar, oolong no. 17, using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), it was found that the amounts of most catechins in the shoots were higher than those in the mature leaves, with an exception of catechins gallate (cg) that was found in trace amounts in both the shoots and mat ... | 2009 | 19081728 |
| insect pests of tea and their management. | globally, 1031 species of arthropods are associated with the intensively managed tea camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze monoculture. all parts of the plant, leaf, stem, root, flower, and seed, are fed upon by at least one pest species, resulting in an 11%-55% loss in yield if left unchecked. there has been heavy use of organosynthetic pesticides since the 1950s to defend the plant against these pests, leading to rapid conversion of innocuous species into pests, development of resistance, and undes ... | 2009 | 19067632 |
| antioxidative and anti-carcinogenic activities of tea polyphenols. | tea (camellia sinensis, theaceace), a popular beverage consumed world-wide, has been studied for its preventive effects against cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and other diseases. most of the proposed beneficial effects have been attributed to the polyphenolic compounds in tea, but the nature of these activities and the molecular mechanisms of their actions remain unclear. tea polyphenols are known to be strong antioxidants. prevention of oxidative stress, modulation of carc ... | 2009 | 19002670 |
| inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin reductase by black tea and its constituents: implications for anticancer actions. | black tea is recently reported to have anti-carcinogenic effects through pro-oxidant property, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. mammalian cytosolic thioredoxin reductase (trxr1) is well -known for its anti-oxidation activity. in this study, we found that black tea extract (bte) and theaflavins (tfs), the major black tea polyphenols, inhibited the purified trxr1 with ic(50) 44 microg/ml and 21+/-1 microg/ml, respectively. kinetics of tfs exhibited a mixed type of competitive and non- ... | 2009 | 19059456 |
| standardized capsule of camellia sinensis lowers cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | previous studies examining the effect of tea drinking on cardiovascular health have produced mixed results due to their observational nature and qualitatively and quantitatively imprecise definitions of active tea components. the objective of this study was to determine if a standardized and defined decaffeinated green tea (camellia sinensis) product lowers blood pressure, serum lipids, oxidative stress, and markers of chronic inflammation. | 2009 | 18848434 |
| differential expression of histone h3 gene in tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) suggests its role in growing tissue. | histone proteins are integral part of chromatin and their expression is typically linked to dna replication in the s phase of cell cycle. histone h3 is one of the four histones, along with h2a, h2b and h4, which forms the eukaryotic nucleosome octomer core. using differential display of mrna and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), a full-length histone h3.1 cdna (csh3) was isolated from tea leaves. the open reading frame consisted of 411 nucleotides and deduced amino acid sequence comprised ... | 2009 | 18224457 |
| p-coumarate:coa ligase as a key gene in the yield of catechins in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | tea is an important crop known for its beverage and antioxidant polyphenols -- catechins and its derivatives. catechins are synthesized through flavonoid (fl) pathway and stored in the vacuole. a metabolic flux for the operation of fl pathway is maintained through the supply of 4-coumaroyl-coa of phenylpropanoid pathway. 4-coumaroyl-coa is synthesized through the catalytic activity of p-coumarate:coa ligase (4cl) using 4-coumaric acid and acetyl-coa as the substrates. the present manuscript repo ... | 2009 | 18931865 |
| a population-based, case-control study of green tea consumption and leukemia risk in southwestern taiwan. | this study investigated the association between green tea consumption and leukemia. | 2009 | 18752033 |
| the effects of sour tea (hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type ii diabetes. | to compare the antihypertensive effectiveness of sour tea (st; hibiscus sabdariffa) with black tea (bt) infusion in diabetic patients, this double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out. sixty diabetic patients with mild hypertension, without taking antihypertensive or antihyperlipidaemic medicines, were recruited in the study. the patients were randomly allocated to the st and bt groups and instructed to drink st and bt infusions two times a day for 1 month. their blood pressure (bp) ... | 2009 | 18685605 |
| assessment of desiccation sensitivity of tea embryos for cryopreservation. | tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) has been reported as a species with recalcitrant seeds. the seeds can be stored for less than one year under high humidity conditions in a refrigerator at 5-7 degrees c. an efficient cryopreservation protocol for tea embryos using embryonic axes with portions of cotyledons still attached as drying material was established, which led to survival percentages around 92%. however, understanding the pattern of desiccation sensitivity, which is the key-limiting f ... | 2009 | 19827256 |
| green tea extract-patents and diversity of uses. | green tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. presently, camellia sinensis has become a source not only for the development of several food extracts but also nutraceutical, cosmetic and medicinal purposes. the technology developed to produce these extracts aims to improve the organoleptic characteristics of the products as taste and smell, and their shelf life. but it also searches to demonstrate some medicinal attributes like antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-tumor and anti-viral ac ... | 2009 | 20653541 |
| phenolic contribution of south african herbal teas to a healthy diet. | south african herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush, are increasingly enjoyed as healthy alternatives to camellia sinensis teas. they contribute to the diet with bioactive phytochemicals not commonly found in foods. major compounds of rooibos are the unique dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, and its flavone isomers, orientin and isoorientin. honeybush contributes the xanthones, mangiferin and isomangiferin and the flavanones, eriocitrin, narirutin and hesperidin. all these compounds are either c-glucosid ... | 2009 | 19445319 |
| coffee, black tea and risk of gastric cancer. | to provide information about the association of coffee, black tea with gastric cancer risk. | 2009 | 19430969 |
| antifungal activity of black tea polyphenols (catechins and theaflavins) against candida species. | the polyphenols catechins and theaflavins in black tea have been shown to possess many medicinal properties, including anticancer activity and some antifungal characteristics, but there have been few studies of their anti-candida activity. in this paper we report the results of our study of the anti-candida activity of tea polyphenols. | 2009 | 19420933 |
| a thought on the biological activities of black tea. | tea is the most widely used ancient beverage in the world and black tea possesses many biological effects on the organisms. it acts as an effective antioxidant because of its free radical-scavenging and metal-chelating ability. due to this, it is active against inflammation, clastogenesis, and several types of cancer. tea reduces dna damage and mutagenesis due to oxidative stress or the presence of pro-mutagens through antioxidant function, blocking activation pathways of mutagens, suppressing t ... | 2009 | 19399668 |
| co2 assimilation, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, carbohydrates and photosynthetic electron transport probed by the jip-test, of tea leaves in response to phosphorus supply. | although the effects of p deficiency on tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) growth, p uptake and utilization as well as leaf gas exchange and chl a fluorescence have been investigated, very little is known about the effects of p deficiency on photosynthetic electron transport, photosynthetic enzymes and carbohydrates of tea leaves. in this study, own-rooted 10-month-old tea trees were supplied three times weekly for 17 weeks with 500 ml of nutrient solution at a p concentration of 0, 40, 80, ... | 2009 | 19379526 |
| [toxic hepatitis due to camellia sinensis: an emerging problem]. | 2009 | 19375821 | |
| tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern iran: population based case-control study. | to investigate the association between tea drinking habits in golestan province, northern iran, and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | 2009 | 19325180 |
| oxidation of the dihydrochalcone aspalathin leads to dimerization. | aspalathin and nothofagin are typical ingredients of unfermented rooibos (krafczyk, n.; glomb, m. a. j. agric. food chem. 2008, 56, 3368). during oxidation these dihydrochalcones were degraded to higher molecular weight browning products under aerated and nonenzymatic conditions. in the early stages of browning reactions aspalathin formed two dimers. these two compounds were unequivocally established as atropisomers stemming from oxidative a to b ring coupling. multilayer countercurrent chromato ... | 2009 | 19601579 |
| coffee and black tea consumption and risk of breast cancer by estrogen and progesterone receptor status in a swedish cohort. | coffee and tea consumption has been inconsistently associated with the risk of breast cancer. we examined the associations of caffeinated coffee and black tea consumption with the incidence of breast cancer, overall and by estrogen receptor (er) and progesterone receptor (pr) status of the tumor, in the swedish mammography cohort. | 2009 | 19597749 |
| green tea (camellia sinensis) for the prevention of cancer. | tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. teas from the plant camellia sinensis can be grouped into green, black and oolong tea. cross-culturally tea drinking habits vary. camellia sinensis contains the active ingredient polyphenol, which has a subgroup known as catechins. catechins are powerful antioxidants. it has been suggested that green tea polyphenol may inhibit cell proliferation and observational studies have suggested that green tea may have cancer-preventative effec ... | 2009 | 19588362 |
| comparative flavonoids contents of selected herbs and associations of their radical scavenging activity with antiproliferative actions in v79-4 cells. | to elucidate the health benefit of herbal teas on the cytotoxicity induced by h(2)o(2) in v79-4 cells, herbal extracts and its flavonoids were tested using lactate dehydrogenase release and determining intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant activity with superoxide radical scavenging assay. significant decrease in cell viability was observed on v79-4 cells treated with h(2)o(2) (1 mm), while herbal extracts and its flavonoids including catechin and epigallocatechin gall ... | 2009 | 19723177 |
| polyphenolic chemistry of tea and coffee: a century of progress. | tea and coffee, the most popular beverages in the world, have been consumed for thousands of years for their alluring flavors and health benefits. polyphenols, particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids, are of great abundance in tea and coffee and contribute a lot to their flavor and health properties. this paper reviews the polyphenol chemistry of tea and coffee, specifically their stability, and scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive carbonyl species (rcs). during th ... | 2009 | 19719133 |
| effects of sour tea (hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profile and lipoproteins in patients with type ii diabetes. | there is increasing evidence that intake of sour tea (hibiscus sabdariffa) has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and may benefit patients suffering from metabolic disorders such as diabetes. the objective of the present study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of sour tea in patients with diabetes and compare them with those of black tea. | 2009 | 19678781 |
| tea consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a metaanalysis. | the objective of the study was to assess the association between tea consumption and endometrial cancer. | 2009 | 19766982 |
| black tea and blood pressure. | 2009 | 19938231 | |
| effect of girdling on levels of catechins in fresh leaf in relation to quality of 'huang zhi xiang' oolong' tea. | oolong tea is one of the most popular beverages due to the presence of significant amount of catechins. experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of girdling treatment on levels of catechins in fresh tea leaf related to quality of the 'huang zhi xiang' oolong tea (camellia sinensis). the variations in the levels of catechins in fresh tea leaf and the quality score (qs) of the 'huang zhi xiang' oolong tea were examined. the study demonstrated that girdling treatment increased significa ... | 2009 | 19898938 |
| identification of a major polyphenol and polyphenolic composition in leaves of camellia irrawadiensis. | the polyphenolic composition of camellia irrawadiensis, which is a closely related species of camellia sinensis (cultivated tea), was investigated. the most predominant polyphenol, a kind of ellagitannin, was isolated from leaves of c. irrawadiensis. its structure was established as 1,2-di-o-galloyl-4,6-o-(s)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-beta-d-glucose (2) on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. moreover, the polyphenols [catechins, strictinin (1), compound 2, theogallin, and gallic acid] and tw ... | 2009 | 19881283 |
| a new myricetin-rhamnodiglucoside from camellia sinensis. | the isolation and structural elucidation of the novel myricetin-3-o-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-d-glucopyranoside] from tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) by means of hplc-ms/ms and various nmr techniques is described. the compound was not present in all tea samples analysed. in the case of white tea, it was detected in 20 out of 40 samples analysed (35-255 mg kg(-1)), in green tea it was detected in 18 out of 35 samples in the same concentration r ... | 2009 | 19851929 |
| prospective double-blind crossover study of camellia sinensis (green tea) in dyslipidemias. | epidemiological studies have established an association between dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. nutritional therapy is a key point in the prevention strategy for individuals who present with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. | 2009 | 19838489 |
| investigation of the site-specific accumulation of catechins in the tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) via vanillin-hcl staining. | histochemical staining using vanillin-hcl is a potential tool to identify the site-specific accumulation of catechins in the tea plant (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze). using this technique revealed that catechins existed ubiquitously in all inspected tissues in young tea leaf, but the distribution was concentrated in the vascular bundle and palisade tissue, whereas the large parenchyma cells of the main vein contained lower amounts of catechins. at the subcellular level, catechins were locate ... | 2009 | 19831398 |
| identification, quantitation, and method validation for flavan-3-ols in fermented ready-to-drink teas from the italian market using hplc-uv/dad and lc-ms/ms. | the present study is focused on flavan-3-ols characterizing the antioxidant properties of fermented tea (camellia sinensis). these bioactive compounds, object of nutritional claims in commercial products, should be quantified with rigorous analytical procedures whose accuracy and precision have been stated with a certain level of confidence. an hplc-uv/dad method, able to detect and quantify flavan-3-ols in infusions and ready-to-drink teas, has been developed for routine analysis and validated ... | 2009 | 20029906 |
| determination of theanine, gaba, and other amino acids in green, oolong, black, and pu-erh teas with dabsylation and high-performance liquid chromatography. | dabsyl chloride (dimethylaminoazobenzene sulfonyl chloride), a useful chromophoric labeling reagent for amino acids and amines, was developed in this laboratory in 1975. although several methods have been developed to determine various types of amino acids, a quick and easy method of determining theanine, gaba, and other amino acids has not been developed in one hplc system. in this paper are analyzed the free amino acid contents of theanine and gaba in different teas (green tea, black tea, oolo ... | 2008 | 18652476 |
| beverage consumption and the prevalence of tooth loss in pregnant japanese women: the osaka maternal and child health study. | recently, there has been growing interest in the impact of beverage consumption on dental health because changes have occurred in the types and quantities of beverage consumed. this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between consumption frequencies of various beverages and the prevalence of tooth loss among young adult women. study subjects were 1002 pregnant japanese women. tooth loss was defined as previous extraction of one or more teeth. dietary habits were evaluated by a va ... | 2008 | 18646593 |
| nongallated compared with gallated flavan-3-ols in green and black tea are more bioavailable. | green tea and black tea (bt) contain gallated [(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate] and nongallated [(-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin (egc)] tea polyphenols (pp). during bt production, pp undergo oxidation and form larger polymers such as theaflavins (the) and thearubigins, which contribute to the health benefit of bt. this article gives an overview of the role of chemical characteristics and endogenous metabolism of tea pp and their bioavailability in humans an ... | 2008 | 18641202 |
| flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. | the beneficial effects of flavonoid consumption on cardiovascular risk are supported by mechanistic and epidemiologic evidence. | 2008 | 18614722 |
| a physiological model of tea-induced astringency. | the mechanism by which solutions containing polyphenols are perceived as astringent is not clearly understood. salivary proline-rich proteins and histatins are products of salivary glands and rapidly bind polyphenols - thought to be the main astringent compound in such as tea and wine. however it is unclear how this interaction leads to the altered oral mouthfeel known as astringency which is characterised by a dry, puckered feeling all around the mouth. to determine the role of saliva in the pe ... | 2008 | 18590751 |
| new phenolic components and chromatographic profiles of green and fermented teas. | a standardized profiling method based on liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (lc-dad-esi/ms) was applied to establish the phenolic profiles of 41 green teas and 25 fermented teas. more than 96 phenolic compounds were identified that allowed the teas to be organized into five groups. epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) was the major phenolic component of green tea made from mature leaves (group 2), while green tea made from the younger buds ... | 2008 | 18686968 |
| phenolic content and antioxidative capacity of green and white tea extracts depending on extraction conditions and the solvent used. | the efficiencies of different solvents in the extraction of phenolics from bagged and loose leaves of white and green tea, after different extraction times, as well as the antioxidative capacity of the obtained extracts, were investigated. the developed hplc method has the potential to separate and determinate 17 phenolics widely distributed in plants, but in investigated tea extracts only four catechins and traces of three flavonols and one flavone were separated and detected based on compariso ... | 2008 | 26047270 |
| comparison of antioxidant potency of commonly consumed polyphenol-rich beverages in the united states. | a number of different beverage products claim to have antioxidant potency due to their perceived high content of polyphenols. basic and applied research indicates that pomegranate juice (pj), produced from the wonderful variety of punica granatum fruits, has strong antioxidant activity and related health benefits. although consumers are familiar with the concept of free radicals and antioxidants, they are often misled by claims of superior antioxidant activity of different beverages, which are u ... | 2008 | 18220345 |
| role of quercetin (a natural herbal compound) in allergy and inflammation. | an investigated flavonoid, quercetin, is reviewed in this article. quercetin is a bioflavonoid found in red wine, grapefruit, onions, apples, black tea, and, in lesser amounts, in leafy green vegetables and beans. quercetin has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and prevents cancer. quercitin inhibits the growth of certain malignant cells in vitro, and histamine and most cyclin-dependent kinases and also displays unique anticancer properties. quercetin is a natural compound that block ... | 2008 | 18187018 |
| combination of hsccc and sephadex lh-20 methods an approach to isolation and purification of the main individual theaflavins from black tea. | in order to separate the main individual theaflavin monomers from black tea, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (hsccc) and sephadex lh-20 column chromatography were applied. the results showed that theaflavin (tf1), theaflavin-3-gallate (tf2a), theaflavin-3'-gallate (tf2b) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3) can be obtained by hsccc using a solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:3:1:6, v/v/v/v), but the tf1 was containing epicatechin-3-gallate (ecg). similarly ... | 2008 | 18063426 |
| the acute effect of green tea consumption on endothelial function in healthy individuals. | tea consumption is associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. flow-mediated dilatation (fmd) of the brachial artery is related to coronary endothelial function and it is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. black tea has a beneficial effect on endothelial function; the effect, however, of green tea on brachial artery reactivity has not been defined yet. | 2008 | 18525384 |
| structural determination and dpph radical-scavenging activity of two acylated flavonoid tetraglycosides in oolong tea (camellia sinensis). | two major acylated flavonoid tetraglycosides were isolated from the methanol extract of oolong tea. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods as quercetin 3-o-[2(g)-(e)-coumaroyl-3(g)-o-beta-d-glucosyl-3(r)-o-beta-d-glucosylrutinoside] (1) and kaempferol 3-o-[2(g)-(e)-coumaroyl-3(g)-o-beta-d-glucosyl-3(r)-o-beta-d-glucosylrutinoside] (2). compounds 1 and 2 exhibited scavenging activity against dpph radical with ec(50) values of 30.5 and 487.2 microm, respectively. | 2008 | 18520094 |
| effect of sucrose concentration on the products of kombucha fermentation on molasses. | fermentation of 1.5g/l of indian black tea, sweetened with adequate quantities of molasses (containing approx. 70g/l, 50g/l and 35g/l of sucrose), was conducted using domestic kombucha. inoculation was performed with 10% of fermentation broth from a previous process. the fermentation in cylindrical vessels containing 2l of liquid phase, was carried out at 22±1°c for 14 days, with periodical sampling, to measure ph, content of acids (total, acetic and l-lactic), content of remaining sucrose, and ... | 2008 | 26065754 |
| methylglyoxal: its presence and potential scavengers. | hyperglycemia is the most important factor for the onset and progress of diabetic complications. a growing body of evidence indicates that the increase in reactive carbonyl intermediates such as methylglyoxal (mg) is a consequence of hyperglycemia in diabetes. several studies have shown that higher levels of mg are present in diabetic patients' plasma compared to non-diabetics. glyoxal (go) and mg, the two major alpha-dicarbonyl compounds found in humans, are very reactive and lead to nonenzymat ... | 2008 | 18296351 |
| shoot epicatechin and epigallocatechin contents respond to water stress in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. | an experiment was conducted to determine the association of tea catechins to water stress in tea, with the objective of determining their suitability as indicators for predicting drought tolerance in tea (camellia sinensis). the study consisted of six tea clones (bbk 35, trfk 6/8, trfk 76/1, trfk 395/2, trfk 31/30, and trfk 311/287) and four levels of soil water content (38, 30, 22, and 14% v/v), which were arranged in a complete randomized design and replicated 3 times. the treatments were main ... | 2008 | 18460799 |
| association between soy and green tea (camellia sinensis) diminishes hypercholesterolemia and increases total plasma antioxidant potential in dyslipidemic subjects. | to evaluate the hypolipemic and antioxidant effects of soy and green tea alone and/or in association in dyslipidemic subjects. | 2008 | 18455656 |
| contribution of p53-mediated bax transactivation in theaflavin-induced mammary epithelial carcinoma cell apoptosis. | theaflavins, the bioactive flavonoids of black tea, have been demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. however, the contribution of p53 in mammary epithelial carcinoma cell apoptosis by theaflavins remains unclear. it has been reported that p53 triggers apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization through transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. using wild-type and mutant p53-expressing as well as p53-null cells w ... | 2008 | 18454316 |
| preparative isolation and purification of theaflavins and catechins by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. | high-speed countercurrent chromatography (hsccc) has been applied for the separation of theaflavins and catechins. the hsccc run was carried out with a two-phase solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water-acetic acid (1:5:1:5:0.25, v/v) by eluting the lower aqueous phase at 2 ml/min at 700 rpm. the results indicated that pure theaflavin, theaflavins-3-gallate, theaflavins-3'-gallate and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate could be obtained from crude theaflavins sample and black tea. t ... | 2008 | 18436487 |
| potential anthelmintics: polyphenols from the tea plant camellia sinensis l. are lethally toxic to caenorhabditis elegans. | a novel gallate of tannin, (-)-epigallocatechin-(2 beta-->o-->7',4 beta-->8')-epicatechin-3'-o-gallate (8), together with (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate (4), (-)-epigallocatechin (5), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (6), and (+)-gallocatechin-(4 alpha-->8')-epigallocatechin (7), were isolated from the tea plant camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze var. sinensis (cv., yabukita). the structure of 8, including stereochemistry, was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and hydrolysis. the compounds, along w ... | 2008 | 18404315 |
| iron absorption in young indian women: the interaction of iron status with the influence of tea and ascorbic acid. | ascorbic acid (aa) enhances and tea inhibits iron absorption. it is unclear whether iron status influences the magnitude of this effect. | 2008 | 18400710 |
| a case-control study of lifestyle and lung cancer associations by histological types. | the objective of the study was to investigate the contribution of dietary factors and physical exercise to the variation in the risk of lung cancer and its major histological types among men and women in the czech republic, and reveal interactions between smoking and diet/physical exercise, if any. in a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 1096 microscopically confirmed lung cancer cases (587 women, 509 men) and 2966 controls were analyzed using uncondit ... | 2008 | 18348651 |
| polymer-like polyphenols of black tea and their lipase and amylase inhibitory activities. | lipase and amylase inhibitory activities of black tea were examined. after solvent partitioning of a black tea extract with the ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the two soluble fractions showed comparable inhibitory activities. activity in the ethyl acetate fraction was mainly attributable to polyphenols with low-molecular weights, such as theaflavin gallates. on the other hand, the active substance in the n-butanol layer was ascertained to be a polymer-like substance. 1h- and 13c-nmr spectra showed ... | 2008 | 18310934 |
| element composition of tea leaves and tea infusions and its impact on health. | tea infusion is the most frequently consumed beverage worldwide next to water, with about 20 billion cups consumed daily. in taiwan, daily consumption averages 2.5 cups of tea infusion per person. many studies have concluded that tea has numerous beneficial effects on health. however, some undesirable trace elements, such as arsenic, chromium, cadmium, lead, etc., are a concern. this study has three aims: (1) to measure the concentrations of arsenic and heavy metal elements, such as chromium, ca ... | 2008 | 18309449 |