Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| seasonal relationships among indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, cryptosporidium oocysts, giardia cysts, and hydrological indices for surface waters within an agricultural landscape. | the south nation river basin in eastern ontario, canada is characterized by mixed agriculture. over 1600 water samples were collected on a bi-weekly basis from up to 24 discrete sampling sites on river tributaries of varying stream order within the river basin between 2004 and 2006. water samples were analyzed for: densities of indicator bacteria (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, enterococci, total and fecal coliforms), the presence of pathogenic bacteria (listeria monocytogenes, e. co ... | 2009 | 19339033 |
| occurrence and levels of fecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in market-ready recycled organic matter composts. | landfill diversion of organic wastes through composting is making compost products available for agricultural and horticultural crops. on certified organic farms, nonsludge green waste and manure composts are widely used because the use of these products removes harvest date restrictions imposed by the u.s. department of agriculture when raw manure is applied. we quantified several pathogens in point-of-sale composts from 94 nonsludge facilities processing 2.2 million m3 year(-1) of recycled gre ... | 2009 | 19350977 |
| [a necrotizing fasciitis of an abdominal wall after a cholecystectomy--a case report]. | the authors present a case review of a patient with a life threatening infectious complication after a routine operation with an accent on urgent diagnosis and treatment. a sepsis with an extensive necrotizing anaerobic infection of the surgical wound with a destruction of abdominal wound developed in 48 hours after a cholecystectomia. the patient status required repeatedly an extensive necrectomy with a hospitalization on an intensive care unit with a necessity of an arteficial pulmonary ventil ... | 2009 | 19358467 |
| transcriptional profiling analysis of host response to clostridium perfringens infection in broilers. | necrotic enteritis is a disease caused by clostridium perfringens, which threatens poultry production in the absence of dietary antibiotics. a total number of 600 ross broilers were reared in 12 pens with each hosting 50 birds. each 6 pens of birds were fed medicated (bacitracin at 55 mg/kg) or nonmedicated starter diets immediately after the chicks were placed. at d 18, birds were challenged with c. perfringens (10(7) cfu/ml mixed with feed). spleens were collected from 12 birds of each group ( ... | 2009 | 19359691 |
| role of gerkb in germination and outgrowth of clostridium perfringens spores. | previous work indicated that clostridium perfringens gerka gerkc spores germinate significantly, suggesting that gerkb also has a role in c. perfringens spore germination. we now find that (i) gerkb was expressed only during sporulation, likely in the forespore; (ii) gerkb spores germinated like wild-type spores with nonnutrient germinants and with high concentrations of nutrients but more slowly with low nutrient concentrations; and (iii) gerkb spores had lower colony-forming efficiency and slo ... | 2009 | 19363077 |
| characterization of a unique class c acid phosphatase from clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobe and a pathogen of medical importance. the detection of acid phosphatase activity is a powerful diagnostic indicator of the presence of c. perfringens among anaerobic isolates; however, characterization of the enzyme has not previously been reported. provided here are details of the characterization of a soluble recombinant form of this cell-associated enzyme. the denatured enzyme was approximately 31 kda and a homodimer in solution. it catalyze ... | 2009 | 19363079 |
| gero, a putative na+/h+-k+ antiporter, is essential for normal germination of spores of the pathogenic bacterium clostridium perfringens. | the genome of the pathogen clostridium perfringens encodes two proteins, gero and gerq, homologous to monovalent cation transporters suggested to have roles in the germination of spores of some bacillus species. gero and gerq were able to transport monovalent cations (k(+) and/or na(+)) in escherichia coli, and gero and gerq were expressed only in the mother cell compartment during c. perfringens sporulation. c. perfringens spores lacking gero were defective in germination with a rich medium, kc ... | 2009 | 19363115 |
| virulence gene regulation by the agr system in clostridium perfringens. | a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, clostridium perfringens, causes clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene in humans by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes that act in concert to degrade host tissue. the agr system is known to be important for the regulation of virulence genes in a quorum-sensing manner in staphylococcus aureus. a homologue for s. aureus agrbd (agrbd(sa)) was identified in the c. perfringens strain 13 genome, and the role of c. perfringens agrbd (agrbd(cp)) was ... | 2009 | 19363118 |
| physiological role of carbon dioxide in spore germination of clostridium perfringens s40. | germination of clostridium perfringens is known to be triggered by nutrients such as l-alanine and inosine, and facilitated by co2, however the role of co2 has not been fully understood. during the studies of the germination-specific protease gsp, we found that co2 could be replaced by bicarbonate or weakly acidic ph (ph 6.0-6.5). we also found that the spores obtained from the c. perfringens s40 overproducing gsp could germinate without co2. moreover, the spores could germinate in the absence o ... | 2009 | 19914579 |
| expression, purification and crystallization of an archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. | an archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepca) from clostridium perfringens has been expressed in escherichia coli in a soluble form with an amino-terminal his tag. the recombinant protein is enzymatically active and two crystal forms have been obtained. complete diffraction data extending to 3.13 angstrom resolution have been measured from a crystal soaked in kau(cn)(2), using radiation at a wavelength just above the au l(iii) edge. the asymmetric unit contains two tetramers of pepca. | 2009 | 19923749 |
| a 61-year-old-man with massive intravascular hemolysis. | 2009 | 19892684 | |
| chorioamnionitis and intrauterine fetal death after second-trimester amniocentesis. | we report an intrauterine fetal death that occurred less than 24 h after transabdominal amniocentesis. chorioamnionitis was confirmed by amniotic fluid culture which showed multiple enteric organisms and postmortem examination of the fetus that showed clostridium perfringens. the patient was treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and uterine evacuation and her condition rapidly improved. intra-amniotic infection after amniocentesis requires a high index of suspicion and prompt aggre ... | 2009 | 19893298 |
| salmonellosis in a free-ranging population of javelinas (pecari tajacu) in south central arizona. | the javelina, or collared peccary (pecari tajacu), is indigenous to arizona, new mexico, and texas in the united states and ranges throughout latin america. from june 2004 to april 2005, an estimated 105 javelinas died in a mortality event that occurred in tucson, arizona, and neighboring areas. clinical signs observed in sick animals included emaciation, dehydration, lethargy, and diarrhea. in addition, some animals showed labored breathing and hind limb weakness. we necropsied 34 animals, and ... | 2009 | 19901370 |
| [antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to clostridium perfringens]. | a 40-year-old man undergoing allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia and developing diarrhea was administered prophylactic antibiotics including levofloxacin, fluconazole, cotrimoxazole, and vancomycin. stool specimens were positive for toxin a in enzyme immunoassay but negative for toxin b in cell culture assay with a neutralization test, indicating that toxin a detection was false-positive. stool culture yielded enterotoxin producing clostridium perfringen ... | 2009 | 19860258 |
| detection of beta2 and major toxin genes by pcr in clostridium perfringens field isolates of domestic animals suffering from enteritis or enterotoxaemia. | the production of clostridium (c.) perfringens toxins in the intestine is an important cause of enteritis and enterotoxaemia in livestock. in the present study, the alpha toxin and the genes encoding beta2 and epsilon toxin could be frequently detected by means of phenotypical and pcr examinations in these bacteria. the c. perfringens isolates originated from 1213 field samples taken from diseased or perished livestock located in the north-eastern administrative districts of baden-württemberg (g ... | 2009 | 19863004 |
| characterization of selected nutrients and bacteria from anaerobic swine manure lagoons on sow, nursery, and finisher farms in the mid-south usa. | swine (sus scrofa domestica) production in the mid-south usa comprises sow, nursery, and finisher farms. a 2007 packing plant closure started a regional shift from finisher to sow and nursery farms. changes in manure stored in lagoons and land-applied as fertilizer were expected but were unknown because nutrient and bacterial levels had not been characterized by farm type. the objectives of this study were to quantify selected nutrients and bacteria, compare levels by farm types, and project imp ... | 2009 | 19875798 |
| survival of clostridium perfringens sepsis in a liver transplant recipient. | clostridium perfringens sepsis following orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) is a rare but reported complication that historically results in mortality or emergent retransplantation (retx). complications from c. perfringens emphysematous gastritis have contributed to the death of a healthy live liver donor as well. herein, we describe the first documented survivor of c. perfringens sepsis following olt managed without laparotomy or emergent retx. | 2009 | 19877220 |
| clostridial abomasal disease in connecticut dairy calves. | over 2 years, 24 dairy calves died of emphysematous abomasitis and abomasal bloat. anaerobic cultures of necrotic abomasal mucosa yielded clostridium perfringens from 10 of 15 calves. sarcina were observed in 17 of 22 examined histologically. a change in the antibiotic regimen for newborns and improved sanitizing of feeding utensils eliminated further losses. | 2009 | 19881926 |
| immunization of broiler chickens against clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis using purified recombinant immunogenic proteins. | this study identified and assessed secreted proteins of clostridium perfringens additional to those previously described for their ability to protect broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis (ne). secreted proteins of virulent and avirulent c. perfringens were electrophoretically separated and reacted with serum of chickens immune to ne. three immunoreactive protein bands unique to the virulent c. perfringens were identified by mass spectrometry as the toxin c. perfringens large cytotoxin (tp ... | 2009 | 19848081 |
| evaluation of pcr and dna sequencing for direct detection of clostridium perfringens in the intestinal tract of broilers. | the aim of this investigation was to determine the presence of the opportunistic pathogen clostridium perfringens by pcr and dna sequencing, without previous cultivation. this methodology was then used to investigate how c. perfringens was affected by different preventive measures, such as ionophores and feed additives, for necrotic enteritis in broilers chickens. dna was extracted from the intestinal content or intestinal tissue by dna extraction kits. detection limits for 16s rrna, alpha-toxin ... | 2009 | 19848086 |
| comparison of molecular markers to detect fresh sewage in environmental waters. | human-specific bacteroides hf183 (hs-hf183), human-specific enterococci faecium esp (hs-esp), human-specific adenoviruses (hs-avs) and human-specific polyomaviruses (hs-pvs) assays were evaluated in freshwater, seawater and distilled water to detect fresh sewage. the sewage spiked water samples were also tested for the concentrations of traditional fecal indicators (i.e., escherichia coli, enterococci and clostridium perfringens) and enteric viruses such as enteroviruses (evs), sapoviruses (svs) ... | 2009 | 19818987 |
| clostridium perfringens vaccines. | both clostridium perfringens spores and toxins have reportedly been considered as a biological warfare agents. the spores may be incorporated into weapons which cause traumatic injury, and the resulting delivery of spores deep into tissues would result in the development of gas gangrene. of the c. perfringens toxins, the epsilon-toxin is of particular concern and now appears on the list of cdc select agents. currently there are no licensed vaccines suitable for use in humans which protect agains ... | 2009 | 19837285 |
| a 72-year-old man with a rapidly progressive sepsis caused by a rare but life-threatening infection. | 2009 | 19841488 | |
| influence of enrichment broths on multiplex pcr detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens, in spiked water samples. | although multiplex pcr amplification condition for simultaneous detection of total coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens in water sample has been developed, results with high sensitivity are obtained when amplifying purified dna, but the sensitivity is low when applied to spiked water samples. an enrichment broth culture prior pcr analysis increases sensitivity of the test but the specific nature of enrichment broth can affect the pcr results. three enrichment broths, l ... | 2009 | 19842417 |
| effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on necrotic enteritis in broilers. | clostridium perfringens-associated necrotic enteritis causes significant economic losses. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose, and organic acid on the development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. the first study was a dose response that evaluated bismuth citrate at 50, 100, or 200 ppm on bacterial intestinal colonization and lesion development associated with our c. perfringens challenge model. the second study evaluated bismuth citrate, lactose, ... | 2009 | 19834076 |
| the effect of grobiotic-p combined with yeast cell wall and gluconic acid on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, and cecal microbial populations in young chicks. | two experiments were conducted with new hampshire x columbian chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet to examine the efficacy of varying levels and combinations of grobiotic p (gb), a prebiotic-type product that contains dairy and yeast fractions and dried fermentation extracts, gluconic acid, and yeast cell wall (ycw) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecal microbial populations. in experiment 1, chicks were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal basal diet or the basal d ... | 2009 | 19834087 |
| clostridium difficile toxin cdt induces formation of microtubule-based protrusions and increases adherence of bacteria. | clostridium difficile causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis by production of the rho gtpase-glucosylating toxins a and b. recently emerging hypervirulent clostridium difficile strains additionally produce the binary adp-ribosyltransferase toxin cdt (clostridium difficile transferase), which adp-ribosylates actin and inhibits actin polymerization. thus far, the role of cdt as a virulence factor is not understood. here we report by using time-lapse- and immunofluoresce ... | 2009 | 19834554 |
| [induced expression of alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens in recombinant lactobacillus casei and their immunoprotective in mice]. | the prepared an oral vaccine by constructing recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing alpha-toxin gene of clostridium perfringens, for preventing poisoning by clostridium perfringens. | 2009 | 19835176 |
| identification of the channel-forming domain of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin (etx). | epsilon-toxin (etx) is a potent toxin produced by clostridium perfringens strains b and d. the bacteria are important pathogens in domestic animals and cause edema mediated by etx. this toxin acts most likely by heptamer formation and rapid permeabilization of target cell membranes for monovalent anions and cations followed by a later entry of calcium. in this study, we compared the primary structure of etx with that of the channel-forming stretches of a variety of binding components of a-b-type ... | 2009 | 19835840 |
| clostridial toxins. | clostridia produce the highest number of toxins of any type of bacteria and are involved in severe diseases in humans and other animals. most of the clostridial toxins are pore-forming toxins responsible for gangrenes and gastrointestinal diseases. among them, perfringolysin has been extensively studied and it is the paradigm of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins, whereas clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and clostridium septicum alpha-toxin, which are related to aerolysin, are the prototy ... | 2009 | 19824793 |
| application of quantitative microbial risk assessments for estimation of risk management metrics: clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat and partially cooked meat and poultry products as an example. | the u.s. department of agriculture, food safety and inspection service is exploring quantitative risk assessment methodologies to incorporate the use of the codex alimentarius' newly adopted risk management metrics (e.g., food safety objectives and performance objectives). it is suggested that use of these metrics would more closely tie the results of quantitative microbial risk assessments (qmras) to public health outcomes. by estimating the food safety objective (the maximum frequency and/or c ... | 2009 | 19833039 |
| microbiological quality of saffron from the main producer countries. | a microbiological study of saffron spice was undertaken in the context of a european research project (methodologies for implementing international standards for saffron purity and quality, the acronym for which is saffic), analyzing 79 samples obtained from the main producer countries, namely greece, iran, italy, morocco, and spain. current microbiological quality criteria are the same as for other spices, but saffron is added in minute quantities during the cooking process, so the health risk ... | 2009 | 19833050 |
| [claudin expression in different pancreatic cancers and its significance in differential diagnostics]. | claudins (cldns) are essential proteins of tight junctions. changes in their expression pattern have been demonstrated in a number of tumors. cldns-3 and -4 are receptors of the clostridium perfringens enterotoxin, cytolytic effects of the toxin are well known. the aim of our studies was to compare the different cldn expression patterns in normal pancreas cells, pancreatic endocrine tumors, adenocarcinomas, mucinous cystic tumors and acinar cell carcinomas. expressions of cldn-1, -2, -3, -4 and ... | 2009 | 19793693 |
| antibody response to the epsilon toxin of clostridium perfringens following vaccination of lama glama crias. | enterotoxaemia produced by clostridium perfringens a, c and d is an important cause of mortality in young llamas. there is no data on antibody responses following vaccination with epsilon toxin. | 2009 | 19801806 |
| the long-lived nature of clostridium perfringens iota toxin in mammalian cells induces delayed apoptosis. | mono-adp ribosylation of actin by bacterial toxins, such as clostridium perfringens iota or clostridium botulinum c2 toxins, results in rapid depolymerization of actin filaments and cell rounding. here we report that treatment of african green monkey kidney (vero) cells with iota toxin resulted in delayed caspase-dependent death. unmodified actin did not reappear in toxin-treated cells, and enzyme-active toxin was detectable in the cytosol for at least 24 h. c2 toxin showed comparable, long-live ... | 2009 | 19805536 |
| development and application of new mouse models to study the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemias. | clostridium perfringens type c isolates cause enterotoxemias and enteritis in humans and livestock. while the major disease signs and lesions of type c disease are usually attributed to beta toxin (cpb), these bacteria typically produce several different lethal toxins. since understanding of disease pathogenesis and development of improved vaccines is hindered by the lack of small animal models mimicking the lethality caused by type c isolates, in this study we developed two mouse models of c. p ... | 2009 | 19805537 |
| beta2-toxin of clostridium perfringens in a hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) with enteritis. | an 11-yr-old female hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas) that died with a history of diarrhea and anorexia was submitted for necropsy. major pathologic changes were restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. the small intestinal contents were watery and sanguinous, with a deepening of the red color in the large intestines. the intestinal mucosa was hyperemic. microscopically, lesions consisted of surface epithelial cell necrosis in association with numerous rod-shaped bacteria and high numbers of t ... | 2009 | 20063832 |
| spontaneous intrahepatic gas gangrene and fatal septic shock. | gas gangrene of the liver is a rare clinical syndrome associated with a high rate of mortality. it is mostly associated with malignancy and immunosuppression. we report on a male patient who presented at the department of emergency medicine with high fever but no localised complaints. ct scan revealed a cavitary lesion filled with air in the liver. clostridium perfringens was proved to be present in the hepatic lesion and the blood, and clostridium perfringens sepsis with gas gangrene of the liv ... | 2009 | 19943601 |
| in silico analysis of the potential infection mechanisms of magnaporthe grisea from horizontal gene transfer hypothesis. | horizontal gene transfer (hgt) has long been considered as a principal force for an organism to gain novel genes in genome evolution. homology search, phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide composition analysis are three major objective approaches to arguably determine the occurrence and directionality of hgt. here, 21 genes that possess the potential to horizontal transfer were acquired from the whole genome of magnaporthe grisea according to annotation, among which three candidate genes (corresp ... | 2009 | 19944380 |
| [toxins of clostridium perfringens]. | clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic gram-positive spore-forming bacillus. it is one of the pathogens with larger distribution in the environment; it can be isolated from soil and water samples, which also belongs to the intestinal flora of animals and humans. however, on some occasions it can act as an opportunistic pathogen, causing diseases such as gas gangrene, enterotoxemia in sheep and goats and lamb dysentery, among others. in human beings, it is associated to diseases such as food poi ... | 2009 | 20085190 |
| comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants. | the production of short-chain fatty acids, reductive enzymes, and hydrolytic enzymes by four gatifloxacin-selected, fluoroquinolone-resistant, mutant strains of c. perfringens, with stable mutations either in dna gyrase or in both dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, was compared with that produced by the wild-type parent strains to investigate the effect of mutations associated with the selection of gatifloxacin resistance on bacterial metabolic activities. the mutants differed from their respectiv ... | 2009 | 19855959 |
| mucosal flora in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis - an overview. | the intestinal flora harbors varies pathogens. clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene), enterococci (endocarditis), enterobacteriaceae (sepsis), bacteroides (abscesses) are present in the large intestine of every healthy person in high concentrations. these bacteria are, however, separated from the colonic wall by an impenetrable mucus layer and are tolerated by the host. this separation is disturbed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), where bacteria adhere to the mucosa and invade ... | 2009 | 20224153 |
| fatal plasmodium falciparum, clostridium perfringens, and candida spp. coinfections in a traveler to haiti. | malaria is one of the most common causes of febrile illness in travelers. coinfections with bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens may not be suspected unless a patient fails to respond to malaria treatment. using novel immunohistochemical and molecular techniques, plasmodium falciparum, clostridium perfringens, and candida spp. coinfections were confirmed in a german traveler to haiti. plasmodium falciparum-induced ischemia may have increased this patient's susceptibility to c. perfringens and ... | 2009 | 20339463 |
| mastitis in dairy buffalo and cattle in egypt due to clostridium perfringens: prevalence, incidence, risk factors and costs. | although clostridium perfringens is recognised as an important cause of clostridial enteric diseases, there is only limited knowledge about the association of particular c. perfringens toxinotypes (types a to e) with mastitis in domestic animals. in this study, mastitis was detected in 213/623 (34.12%) and 8/83 (9.64%) of the quarter milk samples collected from cases of clinical mastitis in cows and buffalo, respectively. the micro-organism was isolated in an incidence of 16/357 (4.48%) of milk ... | 2009 | 20462154 |
| clostridial myonecrosis clinically resembling black quarter in an indian elephant (elephas maximus). | an indian elephant (elephas maximus) which died of acute fatal myonecrosis was examined to determine the aetiology of the infection. the causative organism was identified as clostridium perfringens type a. out of five genes encoding for major toxins (cpa, cpb, etx, ia, and cpe genes) the isolate was found to harbour the cpa gene only, as tested by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. it flanks a 324 base pair segment in the cpa gene, indicating the presence of the alpha toxin gene. the organism ... | 2009 | 20462165 |
| diagnosis and treatment of eimeria macusaniensis in an adult alpaca with signs of colic. | a young adult pregnant alpaca was presented with an acute episode of abdominal pain. hematology revealed mild anemia, neutropenia with a degenerative left shift and moderate toxic changes in neutrophils, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia. abdominal ultrasound showed a small intestinal segment with severely increased wall thickness and collapsed lumen. exploratory laparotomy revealed a markedly thickened 60cm jejunal segment with reddened serosa from which a full-thickness ... | 2009 | 18036857 |
| spread of a large plasmid carrying the cpe gene and the tcp locus amongst clostridium perfringens isolates from nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in a geriatric hospital. | summaryto investigate two clusters of diarrhoea cases observed in our geriatric hospital wards, the faecal specimens were analysed. reversed passive latex agglutination assay revealed that 63.2% and 41.7% of the faecal specimens from each cluster were positive for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. pcr assay revealed that 71.4% and 68.8% of c. perfringens isolates from each cluster were positive for the enterotoxin gene (cpe). these observations suggested that both the clusters were outbreaks ... | 2009 | 18485266 |
| features of hemolysis due to clostridium perfringens infection. | infection by clostridium perfringens can be an unsuspected cause of hemolysis in emergency room patients. historically, this condition has been associated with wound contamination and other tissue infections. we report the case of an autistic patient who presented to our emergency department with a distended abdomen and hemolysis of unknown etiology. the patient had no history of recent surgery. exploration of the abdomen revealed a hepatic abscess. blood cultures tested culture positive for c. ... | 2009 | 18177433 |
| origin of clostridium perfringens isolates determines the ability to induce necrotic enteritis in broilers. | since the ban on growth-promoting antibiotics in animal feed in the european union, necrotic enteritis has become a major cause of mortality in broiler chickens. despite the importance of the disease, the pathogenesis is still not completely understood. in the current study, clostridium perfringens strains isolated from healthy flocks and isolates from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis were evaluated for the ability to cause gut necrosis in an intestinal loop model in laying hens and in an experim ... | 2009 | 18783830 |
| immunization with recombinant alpha toxin partially protects broiler chicks against experimental challenge with clostridium perfringens. | necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry has re-emerged as a concern for poultry producers, due in part to banning, by many countries, of the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in feeds. this re-emergence has led to a search for alternative methods for control of the disease, particularly vaccination. the objective of this work was to determine if vaccination of broiler chicks with recombinant alpha toxin protected against experimental challenge. broiler chicks were vaccinated subcutaneously at 5 a ... | 2009 | 18635321 |
| use of faecal pollution indicators to estimate pathogen die off conditions in source separated faeces in kathmandu valley, nepal. | as the introduction and promotion of dehydrating toilets progresses, the safety of handling and reuse of their biosolids remains a question. a detailed study to understand the storage conditions and the fate of selected faecal indicators was conducted on four urine diverting dehydrating toilet units, using ash as a major additive, in kathmandu valley, nepal. presumptive escherichia coli, total coliforms, enterococci and different fractions of clostridium perfringens were investigated under field ... | 2009 | 18957778 |
| benefits of supplementation of an electrolyte scour treatment with a bacillus-based direct-fed microbial for calves. | a bacillus-based direct-fed microbial (dfm), omni-boscb™, added to an electrolyte was evaluated as a therapy for scours. fecal shedding of presumptive clostridium perfringens at day 7 was reduced in scouring calves treated with electrolyte plus dfm compared to scouring calves treated with electrolyte alone. total therapeutic treatment costs during the first 2 weeks were significantly reduced by supplementing the electrolyte with the dfm: $18.69 and $21.57 for electrolyte plus dfm and electrolyte ... | 2009 | 26783130 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from broiler chickens. | clostridium perfringens is a normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of chickens as well as a potential pathogen that causes necrotic enteritis and colangio hepatitis. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of seven different compounds used for therapy, growth promotion or prevention of coccidiosis was determined by agar dilution method for 55 c. perfringens strains isolated from the intestines of broiler chickens. all strains showed high susceptibility to penicillin, avilamycin, monensin ... | 2009 | 24031355 |
| using irradiation treatment for reduction of anaerobic bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant. | this study was done to investigate the reduction of anaerobic bacteria (clostridium perfringens) by ultrasound irradiation technology (usi). c. perfringens is the most important of the sulfite-reducing clostridia and is normally present in human and animal feces. clostridial spores survive longer than coliforms, escherichia coli or enterococci, and are consequently used as an indicator of past fecal pollution. the spores are not always inactivated by chlorination, but are not a hazard to health ... | 2008 | 18975846 |
| understanding gastroenteritis in elderly residents of aged-care facilities. | 2008 | 18976184 | |
| microbiology of salt rising bread. | salt rising bread (srb) is an appalachian traditional bread made without yeast, using a starter derived from flour, milk and potatoes. the "rising agent" has been identified as clostridium perfringens, not salt, and is presumably derived from the environment. although no cases of illness have been attributed to srb, c. perfringens type a is a common cause of food poisoning from meats and gravies. other c. perfringens isolates may cause enteritis necroticans (pig-bel disease) and gas gangrene. pa ... | 2008 | 18646681 |
| identification of claudin-4 as a marker highly overexpressed in both primary and metastatic prostate cancer. | in the quest for markers of expression and progression for prostate cancer (pca), the majority of studies have focussed on molecular data exclusively from primary tumours. although expression in metastases is inferred, a lack of correlation with secondary tumours potentially limits their applicability diagnostically and therapeutically. molecular targets were identified by examining expression profiles of prostate cell lines using cdna microarrays. those genes identified were verified on pca cel ... | 2008 | 18648369 |
| a clostridium perfringens food poisoning outbreak associated with consumption of chicken curry supplied by a home caterer. | 2008 | 18922552 | |
| the role of penicillin g potassium in managing clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. | the efficacy of penicillin g potassium (pot-pen) administered via drinking water to manage necrotic enteritis (ne) was investigated in a clostridium perfringens (cp) challenge study using 1600 broiler chickens assigned to one of four treatment groups: nonchallenged, nonmedicated; challenged, nonmedicated; challenged, pot-pen 0.2 g/l; challenged, pot-pen 0.4 g/l. overall mortality due to ne was significantly reduced among pot-pen-treated pens; mortality due to other causes did not differ among th ... | 2008 | 18939627 |
| a persistent outbreak of ulcerative enteritis in bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus). | ulcerative enteritis is a disease that typically responds well to medication. an outbreak of ulcerative enteritis that was persistent and unresponsive to treatment is described. the outbreak started in semimature birds and progressively spread to younger birds. confounding factors leading to this persistence were a significant coccidosis problem, a feed mixing error, and suspected antibiotic resistance. although clostridium colinum was never isolated, a bacitracin-resistant clostridium perfringe ... | 2008 | 18939648 |
| multilocus sequence typing analysis of clostridium perfringens isolates from necrotic enteritis outbreaks in broiler chicken populations. | clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of animals and humans and is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis (ne) in poultry. this study focuses on the typing of intestinal c. perfringens isolates (n = 61) from outbreaks of ne collected from several areas of southern ontario, using a recently developed multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technique. for comparison, c. perfringens isolates from healthy birds were also obtained and typed. an additional locus, the pfos locus, was included i ... | 2008 | 18945840 |
| novel endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases with broader substrate specificity. | in an effort to identify novel endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidases (endo-alpha-galnacases), four potential genes were cloned. three of the expressed proteins engef from enterococcus faecalis, engpa from propionibacterium acnes, and engcp from clostridium perfringens were purified and characterized. their substrate specificity was investigated and compared to the commercially available endo-alpha-galnacases from streptococcus pneumoniae (engsp) and alcaligenes sp. (engal). all enzymes were incu ... | 2008 | 18635885 |
| early administration of probiotics alters bacterial colonization and limits diet-induced gut dysfunction and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs. | following preterm birth, bacterial colonization and enteral formula feeding predispose neonates to gut dysfunction and necrotizing enterocolitis (nec), a serious gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. we hypothesized that administration of probiotics would beneficially influence early bacterial colonization, thereby reducing the susceptibility to formula-induced gut atrophy, dysfunction, and nec. caesarean-delivered preterm pigs were provided total parenteral nutrition (1.5 d) followed by entera ... | 2008 | 18641188 |
| modelling the growth of clostridium perfringens during the cooling of bulk meat. | a dynamic predictive model was developed to describe the effects of temperature, ph and nacl concentration on the growth of clostridium perfringens type a. the model for the specific growth rate was based on 81 growth curves generated in our laboratory or obtained from the publicly available combase database. growth curves obtained during cooling were fitted with the dynamic model of baranyi and roberts. this made it possible to determine the parameter value reflecting the physiological state of ... | 2008 | 18768233 |
| neuraminidase-1, a subunit of the cell surface elastin receptor, desialylates and functionally inactivates adjacent receptors interacting with the mitogenic growth factors pdgf-bb and igf-2. | we recently established that the elastin-binding protein, which is identical to the spliced variant of beta-galactosidase, forms a cell surface-targeted complex with two proteins considered "classic lysosomal enzymes": protective protein/cathepsin a and neuraminidase-1 (neu1). we also found that cell surface-residing neu1 can desialylate neighboring microfibrillar glycoproteins and facilitate the deposition of insoluble elastin, which contributes to the maintenance of cellular quiescence. here w ... | 2008 | 18772331 |
| sequencing and diversity analyses reveal extensive similarities between some epsilon-toxin-encoding plasmids and the pcpf5603 clostridium perfringens enterotoxin plasmid. | clostridium perfringens type b and d isolates produce epsilon-toxin, the third most potent clostridial toxin. the epsilon-toxin gene (etx) is plasmid borne in type d isolates, but etx genetics have been poorly studied in type b isolates. this study reports the first sequencing of any etx plasmid, i.e., pcp8533etx, from type b strain nctc8533. this etx plasmid is 64.7 kb, carries tcp conjugative transfer genes, and encodes additional potential virulence factors including beta2-toxin, sortase, and ... | 2008 | 18776010 |
| ulcerative enterocolitis in two goats associated with enterotoxin- and beta2 toxin-positive clostridium perfringens type d. | enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens type d in sheep is believed to result from the action of epsilon toxin (etx). however, the sole role of etx in the intestinal changes of the acute and chronic forms of enterotoxemia in goats remains controversial, and the synergistic action of other c. perfringens toxins has been suggested previously. the current study examined 2 goats that were found dead without premonitory clinical signs. gross lesions at necropsy consisted of multifocal fibrino ... | 2008 | 18776108 |
| indicator microorganisms and pathogens removal function performed by copepods in constructed wetlands. | removal efficiency of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms in constructed wetlands were analyzed, and microorganisms removal function performed by copepods was determined. the results showed that the constructed wetlands effectively reduced escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms, the salmonella spp. removal efficiency was relatively low and the clostridium perfringens removal was the least. at copepods concentrations of 3.0 x 10(2)/l, and 6.0 x 10(2)/l, hig ... | 2008 | 18777152 |
| recombinant bacillus subtilis expressing the clostridium perfringens alpha toxoid is a candidate orally delivered vaccine against necrotic enteritis. | recombinant bacillus subtilis endospores have been used to vaccinate against tetanus and anthrax. in this work, we have developed spores that could be used to vaccinate against clostridium perfringens alpha toxin and that could be used to protect against gas gangrene in humans and necrotic enteritis in poultry. the primary active agent in both cases is alpha toxin. a carboxy-terminal segment of the alpha toxin gene (cpa) fused to the glutathione-s-transferase (gst) gene was cloned in b. subtilis ... | 2008 | 18779344 |
| structural constraints for the binding of short peptides to claudin-4 revealed by surface plasmon resonance. | claudin family transmembrane proteins play an important role in tight junction structure and function in epithelial cells. among the 24 isoforms identified in mice and humans, claudin-4 and -3 serve as the receptor for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). the second extracellular loop (ecl2) of claudin-4 is responsible for the binding to the c-terminal 30 amino acids of cpe (cpe30). to define the structural constraints for the claudin-4/cpe30 interaction, a surface plasmon resonance (spr) ... | 2008 | 18782762 |
| characterization of genes regulated directly by the virr/virs system in clostridium perfringens. | analysis of the complete sequence of the genome of clostridium perfringens strain 13 resulted in identification of five genes, including pfoa (encoding theta toxin) and vrr (encoding virr/virs-regulated rna), with consensus virr-binding sequences upstream of the open reading frame (orf), suggesting that expression of these genes may be regulated directly by the two-component virr/virs system. to test this possibility, we examined virr/virs system-mediated transcriptional regulation of three gene ... | 2008 | 18790863 |
| cell surface o-glycans limit staphylococcus aureus adherence to corneal epithelial cells. | the mucin-rich environment of the intact corneal epithelium is thought to contribute to the prevention of staphylococcus aureus infection. this study examined whether o-glycans, which constitute the majority of the mucin mass of epithelial cell glycocalyces, prevented bacterial adhesion and growth. abrogation of mucin o glycosylation using the chemical primer benzyl-alpha-galnac resulted in increased adherence of parental strain rn6390 to apical human corneal-limbal epithelial (hcle) cells and t ... | 2008 | 18794288 |
| effect of erythromycin on biological activities induced by clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin, an important agent of gas gangrene with inflammatory myopathies, possesses lethal, hemolytic, and necrotic activities. here, we show that alpha-toxin-induced lethality in mice was inhibited by i.v. preadministration of erythromycin (erm). administration of erm resulted in a drastic reduction in the release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1beta, and il-6 and systemic hemolysis induced by alpha-toxin, whereas the administration of kitasam ... | 2008 | 18794379 |
| molecular approach and bacterial quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities in egypt. | water is necessary to life so when supplied as drinking water to consumers, a satisfactory quality must be maintained. in egypt, infectious intestinal diseases are the major cause of hospitalization in almost all regions. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of treated and untreated water samples from urban and rural communities. thirty-five samples of treated (chlorinated) water from taps, 25 samples of bottled water and 15 samples of hand pump (untreated) water ... | 2008 | 18800596 |
| comparing the partitioning behavior of giardia and cryptosporidium with that of indicator organisms in stormwater runoff. | microbial association with particles can significantly affect the fate and transport characteristics of microbes in aquatic systems as particle-associated organisms will be less mobile in the environment than their free phase (i.e. unattached) counterparts. as such, similarities or dissimilarities in the partitioning behavior of indicator organisms and pathogens may have an impact on the suitability of a particular indicator to act as a surrogate for a pathogen. this research analyzed the partit ... | 2008 | 18804835 |
| time-dependent persistence of enhanced immune response by a potential probiotic strain lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ntu 101. | the possible time-dependent role of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in immunomodulation was investigated in balb/c mice fed daily with lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ntu 101 (10(8) colony forming units) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks, and following feeding with lactobacillus-free food for a further 7 days. we observed up-regulation of the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells, and expression of natural killer group-2 d (nkg2d) molecules capable of trigger natural killer cell-mediated cytotox ... | 2008 | 18809220 |
| evidence that membrane rafts are not required for the action of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | the action of bacterial pore-forming toxins typically involves membrane rafts for binding, oligomerization, and/or cytotoxicity. clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a pore-forming toxin with a unique, multistep mechanism of action that involves the formation of complexes containing tight junction proteins that include claudins and, sometimes, occludin. using sucrose density gradient centrifugation, this study evaluated whether the cpe complexes reside in membrane rafts and what role raf ... | 2008 | 18809663 |
| antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb. against foodborne pathogens. | xanthorrhizol, isolated from the ethanol extract of curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb., is a sesquiterpene compound with a molecular weight of 218. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol against foodborne pathogens. the antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol was measured in terms of the mic and the mbc. mics and mbcs of xanthorrhizol against bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and ... | 2008 | 18810881 |
| a genetically enhanced anaerobic bacterium for oncopathic therapy of pancreatic cancer. | a major obstacle in treatment of solid tumors is the inefficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the hypoxic cores. hypoxia offers the potential for anaerobic bacteria colonization and tumor destruction by the bacteria, and dormant spores of wild-type clostridium perfringens (cp) germinate and proliferate within the hypoxic cores of pancreatic tumors in mice. however, the oncopathic effects of cp were limited by host inflammatory responses and by cp's residual tolerance to oxygen, which caused ... | 2008 | 18812551 |
| bacteriological and clinical evaluation of twelve cases of post-surgical sepsis of odontogenic tumours at a referral centre. | to determine the bacterial aetiology of sepsis occurring following surgery of odontogenic tumours and assess the effect of prompt and proper antibiotic usage. | 2008 | 18817023 |
| restriction enzyme analysis and dna sequencing comparison for alpha-toxin gene among different types of clostridium perfringens. | alpha-toxin is produced by all types of clostridium perfringens. the genes encoding alpha-toxin from the available five types of clostridium perfringens [a (chicken strain), a (rabbit strain), b, c and d] were pcr amplified using specific primers and the pcr products were examined on 1.5% (w/v) agarose gel and demonstrated the same bands comparable to the published alpha-toxin gene. restriction enzyme analysis using two sets of enzymes (one set known to have recognition sites; hinf1, ecorv and m ... | 2008 | 18817159 |
| enteral feeding induces diet-dependent mucosal dysfunction, bacterial proliferation, and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs on parenteral nutrition. | preterm neonates have an immature gut and metabolism and may benefit from total parenteral nutrition (tpn) before enteral food is introduced. conversely, delayed enteral feeding may inhibit gut maturation and sensitize to necrotizing enterocolitis (nec). intestinal mass and nec lesions were first recorded in preterm pigs fed enterally (porcine colostrum, bovine colostrum, or formula for 20-40 h), with or without a preceding 2- to 3-day tpn period (n = 435). mucosal mass increased during tpn and ... | 2008 | 18818317 |
| effects of mannanoligosaccharide and fructooligosaccharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic escherichia coli challenge. | 1. the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (mos, bio-mos, alltech inc.) on the growth performance and digestive system, particularly gut microflora, were tested and compared with fructooligosaccharide (fos, raftilose p95, orafti) using 1-d-old birds in an escherichia coli challenge model. the experiment lasted for 3 weeks and zinc bacitracin (znb) was used as a positive control. 2. dietary mos had positive effects on body weight gain (bwg) or/and feed conversion efficiency (fce) of the challenged b ... | 2008 | 18836901 |
| microbiological and 16s rrna analysis of sulphite-reducing clostridia from river sediments in central italy. | microbiological indicators are commonly used in the assessment of public health risks associated with fecal contamination of freshwater ecosystems. sediments are a reservoir of microorganisms, and can thus provide information on past pollution events, not obtainable through the testing of surface water. moreover, pathogens present in sediment may represent future threats to human health. clostridium perfringens, a typical colonizer of sediments, has been suggested as an alternative indicator of ... | 2008 | 18842132 |
| identification of galacto-n-biose phosphorylase from clostridium perfringens atcc13124. | lacto-n-biose phosphorylase (lnbp) from bifidobacteria is involved in the metabolism of lacto-n-biose i (galbeta1-->3glcnac, lnb) and galacto-n-biose (galbeta1-->3galnac, gnb). a homologous gene of lnbp (cpf0553 protein) was identified in the genome of clostridium perfringens atcc13124, which is a gram-positive anaerobic intestinal bacterium. in the present study, we cloned the gene and compared the substrate specificity of the cpf0553 protein with lnbp from bifidobacterium longum jcm1217 (lnbpb ... | 2008 | 18183385 |
| enhanced production of phospholipase c and perfringolysin o (alpha and theta toxins) in a gatifloxacin-resistant strain of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens-induced gas gangrene is mediated by potent extracellular toxins, especially alpha toxin (a phospholipase c [plc]) and theta toxin (perfringolysin o [pfo], a thiol-activated cytolysin); and antibiotic-induced suppression of toxin synthesis is an important clinical goal. the production of plc and pfo by a gatifloxacin-induced, fluoroquinolone-resistant mutant strain of c. perfringens, strain 10g, carrying a stable mutation in dna gyrase was compared with that of the wild-ty ... | 2008 | 18160514 |
| beta toxin is essential for the intestinal virulence of clostridium perfringens type c disease isolate cn3685 in a rabbit ileal loop model. | clostridium perfringens type c isolates, which cause enteritis necroticans in humans and enteritis and enterotoxaemias of domestic animals, typically produce (at minimum) beta toxin (cpb), alpha toxin (cpa) and perfringolysin o (pfo) during log-phase growth. to assist development of improved vaccines and therapeutics, we evaluated the contribution of these three toxins to the intestinal virulence of type c disease isolate cn3685. similar to natural type c infection, log-phase vegetative cultures ... | 2008 | 18078439 |
| clostridium perfringens spore germination: characterization of germinants and their receptors. | clostridium perfringens food poisoning is caused by type a isolates carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene (c-cpe), while c. perfringens-associated non-food-borne gastrointestinal (gi) diseases are caused by isolates carrying a plasmid-borne cpe gene (p-cpe). c. perfringens spores are thought to be the important infectious cell morphotype, and after inoculation into a suitable host, these spores must germinate and return to active growth to cause gi disease. we have found differences in t ... | 2008 | 18083820 |
| subcutaneous abscess caused by clostridium perfringens and osteomyelitis in a dog. | a case of a subcutaneous abscess caused by clostridium perfringens infection in a five-month-old dog is reported in this study. clinical examination, radiological findings and cytological analysis of abscess fluid were consistent with clostridium induced disease. treatment including drainage of the abscess and antibiotic therapy led to rapid clinical improvement. however, despite aggressive medical therapy and proper wound care, the deep soft tissue infection led to osteomyelitis with premature ... | 2008 | 18086156 |
| how interaction of perfringolysin o with membranes is controlled by sterol structure, lipid structure, and physiological low ph: insights into the origin of perfringolysin o-lipid raft interaction. | perfringolysin o (pfo) is a sterol-dependent, pore-forming cytolysin. to understand the molecular basis of pfo membrane interaction, we studied its dependence upon sterol and lipid structure and aqueous environment. pfo interacted with diverse sterols, although binding was affected by double bond location in the sterol rings, sterol side chain structure, and sterol polar group structure. importantly, a sterol structure promoting formation of ordered membrane domains (lipid rafts) was not critica ... | 2008 | 18089559 |
| in vitro activity of potential probiotic lactobacillus murinus isolated from the dog. | the aim of this study was to isolate and identify lactobacillus spp. isolates from faeces of a healthy dog, and to characterize their potential as probiotics in order to evaluate their possible use as probiotics for dogs. | 2008 | 18194243 |
| the structure of clostridium perfringens nani sialidase and its catalytic intermediates. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for bacteremia, gas gangrene, and occasionally food poisoning. its genome encodes three sialidases, nanh, nani, and nanj, that are involved in the removal of sialic acids from a variety of glycoconjugates and that play a role in bacterial nutrition and pathogenesis. recent studies on trypanosomal (trans-) sialidases have suggested that catalysis in all sialidases may proceed via a covalent intermediate similar to that of other reta ... | 2008 | 18218621 |
| role of small, acid-soluble spore proteins in the resistance of clostridium perfringens spores to chemicals. | previous work showed that c. perfringens spores lacking the majority of alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasps) (termed alpha(-) beta(-) spores) exhibit greatly decreased resistance to moist heat and uv radiation. the current study demonstrated that these alpha(-) beta(-) spores had reduced resistance to hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid, nitrous acid and formaldehyde. these results clearly demonstrate the important role of alpha/beta-type sasps in the resistance of c. perf ... | 2008 | 18221812 |
| neuroblast proliferation on the surface of the adult rat striatal wall after focal ependymal loss by intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase. | the subventricular zone of the striatal wall of adult rodents is an active neurogenic region for life. cubic multiciliated ependyma separates the subventricular zone from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and is involved in the control of adult neurogenesis. by injecting neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens into the right lateral ventricle of the rat, we provoked a partial detachment of the ependyma in the striatal wall. the contralateral ventricle was never affected and was used as the experi ... | 2008 | 18236450 |
| evaluation of the microbial quality of tajik sambusa and control of clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by buffered sodium citrate and potassium lactate. | clostridium perfringens spore destruction, aerobic plate counts (apcs), and counts of enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and escherichia coli during baking of sambusa (a traditional tajik food) were evaluated. control of germination and outgrowth of c. perfringens spores in sambusa during cooling at room or refrigerated temperatures was evaluated using organic acid salts (buffered sodium citrate [ional] and 1 and 2% potassium lactate, wt/wt). sambusa were prepared with 40 g of either inoculated or n ... | 2008 | 18236666 |
| adsorptive effects of di-tri-octahedral smectite on clostridium perfringens alpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins and equine colostral antibodies. | to determine the adsorptive capability of di-tri-octahedral smectite (dtos) on clostridium perfringens alpha, beta, and beta-2 exotoxins and equine colostral antibodies. | 2008 | 18241021 |
| microbial indicators of faecal contamination in waters and sediments of beach bathing zones. | this study presents the results obtained of the microbial characterization of waters and sediments of 18 coastal bathing zones of the south-western coast of the iberian peninsula. to make this characterization, two indicators of faecal contamination have been selected: faecal coliforms (fc) and clostridium perfringens (cp). the results show that low concentrations of fc and cp in water not necessarily implies that their concentration in sediment and elutriates has to be low as well. the highest ... | 2008 | 18248849 |
| friend or foe: the same fold for attack and defense. | two recent crystal structures of membrane attack complex/perforin (macpf) domains found in the complement and perforin families unexpectedly reveal that some proteins of the immune system share a common core fold with their bacterial targets. although a relationship between macpf proteins and the previously characterized bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) is not detectable by sequence analysis, the macpf structures show that eukaryotic defense and bacterial cdc attack share a comm ... | 2008 | 18248850 |
| epidemiology of clostridium species bacteremia in calgary, canada, 2000-2006. | to define the incidence, risk factors for acquisition, and outcomes associated with clostridial bacteremia in a large canadian health region. | 2008 | 18672296 |
| the identification and characterization of clostridium perfringens by real-time pcr, location of enterotoxin gene, and heat resistance. | clostridium perfringens carrying the enterotoxin gene is an important cause of both foodborne and non-foodborne diarrheal disease. rapid identification of isolates carrying the enterotoxin gene is invaluable for outbreak investigation whilst information on the genomic location of the enterotoxin (cpe) gene can improve our understanding of disease transmission. this paper describes the validation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the identification of c. perfringens and ass ... | 2008 | 18681798 |