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[cavity lining for composite restorations: critical estimate]. 20113166150
valproate-associated hepatotoxicity and its biochemical mechanisms.intake of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid, or its sodium salt, has been associated with occasional instances of severe and sometimes fatal hepatotoxicity. probably at least 80 cases have occurred worldwide. the syndrome affects perhaps 1 in 10,000 persons taking the drug, and usually develops in the early weeks or months of therapy. most instances have involved children, usually those receiving more than 1 anticonvulsant. multiple cases have occurred in 2 families. the typical presentation ...20113131628
allopurinol kinetics in humans as a means to assess liver function: evaluation of an allopurinol loading test.a newly developed liver function test was performed on 18 apparently healthy individuals and 29 patients with liver disease. after intravenous injection of a low dose allopurinol (17.1 mumol/kg body mass), blood specimens were collected during 1 h. plasma analyses of allopurinol and its metabolite oxipurinol were performed and the data were processed by means of a computer-based biodynamic model. this modelling approach makes it possible to estimate parameters, containing information about liver ...20113217748
american clinical and climatological association. present members. 20113077569
intestinal obstruction during pregnancy and the puerperium at mpilo central hospital. 20113225798
[x-ray computed tomography in venous pathology].after presenting the tomodensitometric semiology of venous thromboses in various territories, the authors define its indications. it is essentially in deep territories, head, chest and abdomen that the ct-scan is used to study and diagnose unrecognized thromboses as well as determine the venous repercussion of various neighboring ailments. the respective place of the ct-scan, ultrasonography and various phlebographies is analyzed.20113043474
[echographic and radiographic aspects of a case of burkitt's lymphoma]. 20113060909
modification of arachidonic metabolism by flavonoids.the pharmacological effects of many plants depend on their flavonoid constituents. this review is concerned with the influence of flavonoids on arachidonic metabolism as the possible mechanism of action of such natural products. special attention has been paid to structure-activity relationships since this knowledge may allow the synthesis of more potent and selective analogs with therapeutic applications.20113126368
[academic dissertations of military pharmacists on the history of pharmacy]. 20113067684
measures of precision for means: se or sd? 20113717411
toxic radiation exposure and the epidemiology of violent death: confronting obstacles to productive inquiry. 20113237939
oesophageal pain exacerbated by propranolol. 20113113570
imperforate anus in 700,000 consecutive liveborn infants.we have studied the incidence of imperforate anus (anorectal atresia and stenosis) occurring in almost 700,000 consecutive liveborn infants in british columbia (b.c.) from 1964-1982 using the records of a health surveillance registry which uses multiple sources of ascertainment. the estimated incidence rate was 1 in 2,524 live births (273 cases out of 689,118 consecutive liveborn infants). data pertaining to sex ratio, additional anomalies, recurrence, and mortality were also analyzed over the p ...20113146285
metastatic adenocarcinoma of the carpus: a case report.a patient is described who presented with a painful swelling of the dorsum of the hand which arose from the hamate and proved histologically to be a secondary from a previously resected gastric adenocarcinoma.20113171299
retrieval of fractured resectoscope tips. 20113690197
longitudinal and cross-sectional assessments of age changes in physical strength as related to sex, social class, and mental ability. 20114833758
implications of drug levels in body fluids: basic concepts.drug concentrations in biological fluids are affected by the dose, route of administration, pattern of drug use, and the dispositional kinetics (distribution, metabolism, and excretion) of the drug. as most drugs are distributed to the site of action by blood, drug concentration measurement in this body fluid provides the best information as to the potential effect on behavior such as driving impairment or on psychological high. due to wide individual variations in the pharmacokinetics and pharm ...20113127724
deficiency of eosinophil peroxidase detected by automated cytochemistry. 20113122494
annual summary 1984. reported morbidity and mortality in the united states. 20113092006
[etiological surveillance and analysis of infectious diarrhea in beijing in year 2010].to explore the pathogenic form, epidemic features and serotype distribution of the pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in beijing.201122177306
cloning and heterologous expression of the vibrioferrin biosynthetic gene cluster from a marine metagenomic library.a biosynthetic gene cluster of siderophore consisting of five open reading frames (orfs) was cloned by functional screening of a metagenomic library constructed from tidal-flat sediment. expression of the cloned biosynthetic genes in escherichia coli led to the production of vibrioferrin, a siderophore originally reported for the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of heterologous production of a siderophore by biosynthetic genes clon ...201122146715
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters and mussels in São Paulo, Brazil.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium, responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Most of the clinical isolates produce thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes respectively. In this study, twenty-three V. parahaemolyticus, previously isolated from oysters and mussels were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA and virulence genes (tdh, trh and tlh) and for resistance to different classes of antibiotics and PFGE. Ni ...201121915463
cell death mediated by vibrio parahaemolyticus type iii secretion system 1 is dependent on erk1/2 mapk, but independent of caspases.vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes gastroenteritis, wound infection, and septicemia, has two sets of type iii secretion systems (ttss), ttss1 and ttss2. a ttss1- deficient vcrd1 mutant of v. parahaemolyticus showed an attenuated cytotoxicity against hep-2 cells, and a significant reduction in mouse lethality, which were both restored by complementation with the intact vcrd1 gene. v. parahaemolyticus also triggered phosphorylation of mitogenactivated protein kinases (mapks) including p38 and e ...201121952366
environmental vibrio parahaemolyticus dna signatures validation.insignia is a novel dna computational system which uses highly efficient algorithms to compare bacterial genomes and to identify specific dna signatures to distinguish a target bacterium, or group of bacteria, from all other known bacterial species. it is currently being validated using different bacterial groups, including vibrio spp. in this study, the genomic analysis by insignia was conducted on vibrio parahaemolyticus, a halophilic gram-negative bacteria which constitutes a leading cause of ...201121940129
VopV, an F-actin-binding type III secretion effector, is required for Vibrio parahaemolyticus-induced enterotoxicity.Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans, is characterized by two type III secretion systems (T3SS), namely T3SS1 and T3SS2. T3SS2 is indispensable for enterotoxicity but the effector(s) involved are unknown. Here, we identify VopV as a critical effector that is required to mediate V. parahaemolyticus T3SS2-dependent enterotoxicity. VopV was found to possess multiple F-actin-binding domains and the enterotoxicity caused by VopV cor ...201122018240
vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from southeastern chinese coast are genetically diverse with circulation of clonal complex 3 strains since 2002.multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was used to examine the clonal relationship and genetic diversity of 71 vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood-related sources in southeastern chinese coast between 2002 and 2009. the tested isolates fell into 61 sequence types (sts). of 17 clinical isolates, 7 belonged to st3 of the pandemic clonal complex 3, with 3 strains isolated in 2002. although there was no apparent clonal relationship found between clinical strains and those from seaf ...201121883006
ecological determinants of the occurrence and dynamics of vibrio parahaemolyticus in offshore areas.the life cycle of vibrio parahaemolyticus has been conventionally associated with estuarine areas characterized by moderate salinity and warm seawater temperatures. recent evidence suggests that the distribution and population dynamics of v. parahaemolyticus may be shaped by the existence of an oceanic transport of communities of this organism mediated by zooplankton. to evaluate this possibility, the presence of v. parahaemolyticus in the water column of offshore areas of galicia was investigat ...201122094349
bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric gmp-linked quorum sensing controls swarming in vibrio parahaemolyticus.movement over and colonization of surfaces are important survival strategies for bacteria, and many find it advantageous to perform these activities as a group, using quorum sensing to sample population size and synchronize behavior. it is puzzling however, that swarming-proficient and virulent strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus are silenced for the vibrio archetypal pathway of quorum sensing. here we describe the s-signal, a pheromone that can be communicated between cells in coculture to regul ...201122006340
the vibrio parahaemolyticus pvua1 gene (formerly termed psua) encodes a second ferric vibrioferrin receptor that requires tonb2.we previously reported that the vibrio parahaemolyticus pvsabcde and psua-pvuabcde operons are involved in the biosynthesis and transport of its own siderophore, vibrioferrin (vf). of these, psua and pvua encode tonb-dependent outer-membrane proteins (omps). although pvua was characterized as the ferric vibrioferrin receptor gene, the role of the psua product remains unknown. in this study, a growth assay of isogenic psua, pvua, and psua-pvua double-deletion mutants followed by complementation o ...201122092766
c-di-gmp-mediated decisions in the surface-grown vibrio parahaemolyticus: a different kind of motile-to-sessile transition.cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger discovered over a quarter of century ago by moshe benziman and his colleagues at the hebrew university of jerusalem (15, 16).…201122194446
estimating the burden of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne illness caused by campylobacter, salmonella, and vibrio parahaemolyticus by using population-based telephone survey data, miyagi prefecture, japan, 2005 to 2006.most cases of acute gastroenteritis and foodborne disease are not ascertained by public health surveillance because the ill person does not always seek medical care and submit a stool sample for testing, and the laboratory does not always test for or identify the causative organism. we estimated the total burden of acute gastroenteritis in miyagi prefecture, japan, using data from two 2-week cross-sectional, population-based telephone surveys conducted in 2006 and 2007. to estimate the number o ...201122004803
structural analysis of the essential resuscitation promoting factor yeaz suggests a mechanism of nucleotide regulation through dimer reorganization.the yeaz gene product forms part of the conserved network yjee/yeaz/ygjd essential for the survival of many gram-negative eubacteria. among other as yet unidentified roles, yeaz functions as a resuscitation promoting factor required for survival and resuscitation of cells in a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state.201121858042
[preparation and identification of ompw monoclonal antibodies].to prepare and characterize the mouse monoclonal antibodies against vibrio parahaemolyticus ompw.201121906472
development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays targeting the rpod and toxr genes were developed to detect vibrio parahaemolyticus. all 78 tested v. parahaemolyticus strains yielded positive results within 40 min, while negative results were obtained for 69 strains of other organisms even at 60 min. for v. parahaemolyticus atcc 17802 in pure culture, the detection limits of lamp assays targeting rpod and toxr were 3.7 and 450 cfu per test, respectively. due to the higher sensitivity of rpod ...201121902914
Bacteriophages with potential for inactivation of fish pathogenic bacteria: survival, host specificity and effect on bacterial community structure.Phage therapy may represent a viable alternative to antibiotics to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria. Its use, however, requires the awareness of novel kinetics phenomena not applied to conventional drug treatments. The main objective of this work was to isolate bacteriophages with potential to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria, without major effects on the structure of natural bacterial communities of aquaculture waters. The survival was determined in marine water, through quantification by ...201122163184
purification and characterization of enterocin mc13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiont enterococcus faecium mc13 isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus.a bacteriocin producer strain mc13 was isolated from the gut of mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as enterococcus faecium. the bacteriocin of e. faecium mc13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectro ...201122112158
Oleic acid produced by a marine Vibrio spp. acts as an anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus agent.It is known that some strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are responsible for gastroenteric diseases caused by the ingestion of marine organisms contaminated with these bacterial strains. Organic products that show inhibitory activity on the growth of the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were extracted from a Vibrio native in the north of Chile. The inhibitory organic products were isolated by reverse phase chromatography and permeation by Sephadex LH20, and were characterized by spectroscopic and ...201122073014
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens in imported seafood.Seafood is a leading commodity implicated in foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States. Seafood importation rose dramatically in the past 3 decades and now contributes to more than 80% of the total U.S. seafood supply. However, limited data are available on the microbiological safety of imported seafood. In this study, we obtained a total of 171 salmon, shrimp, and tilapia samples imported from 12 countries in three retail stores in Baton Rouge, LA. The total microbial population and the ...201121902913
Mechanism of actin filament nucleation by Vibrio VopL and implications for tandem W domain nucleation.Pathogen proteins targeting the actin cytoskeleton often serve as model systems to understand their more complex eukaryotic analogs. We show that the strong actin filament nucleation activity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus VopL depends on its three W domains and on its dimerization through a unique VopL C-terminal domain (VCD). The VCD shows a previously unknown all-helical fold and interacts with the pointed end of the actin nucleus, contributing to the nucleation activity directly and through dupl ...201121873985
Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract.Peperomia pellucida leaf extract was characterized for its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities, and chemical compositions. Anticancer activity of P. pellucida leaf extract was determined through Colorimetric MTT (tetrazolium) assay against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and the antimicrobial property of the plant extract was revealed by using two-fold broth micro-dilution method against 10 bacterial isolates. Antioxidant activity of the plant extract was then charact ...201122071643
Sixty Years from the Discovery of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Some Recollections.Vibrio parahaemolyticus was discovered by Tsunesaburo Fujino after a shirasu food poisoning outbreak in 1950, but at that time the isolate was named Pasteurella parahaemolytica, not Vibrio. Although the isolate resembled Vibrio, some properties did not correspond with those of Vibrio. For example, the curved cell form of the cell was one of the important taxonomical indicators of the genus, but the isolate was straight in form. After 5 years, Iwao Takikawa isolated a similar bacterium from a foo ...201122190435
a new twist in actin filament nucleation. 201121894217
High salinity relay as a postharvest processing strategy to reduce vibrio vulnificus levels in Chesapeake Bay oysters (Crassostrea virginica).In 2009 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its intention to implement postharvest processing (PHP) methods to eliminate Vibrio vulnificus from oysters intended for the raw, half-shell market that are harvested from the Gulf of Mexico during warmer months. FDA-approved PHP methods can be expensive and may be associated with unfavorable responses from some consumers. A relatively unexplored PHP method that uses relaying to high salinity waters could be an alternative strategy, ...201122054191
The structural pathway for water permeation through sodium-glucose cotransporters.Although water permeation across cell membranes occurs through several types of membrane proteins, the only permeation mechanism resolved at atomic scale is that through aquaporins. Crystallization of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium-galactose transporter (vSGLT) allows investigation of putative water permeation pathways through both vSGLT and the homologous human Na-glucose cotransporter (hSGLT1) using computational methods. Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were ...201122004742
cloning and characterisation of the sptoll gene from green mud crab, scylla paramamosain.toll/toll-like receptors (tlrs), one of the most important pattern recognition receptors (prrs), play a crucial role in innate immune responses in both invertebrates and vertebrates. in this study, we cloned and characterised a toll gene from scylla paramamosain (sptoll). bioinformatic analysis predicted that sptoll contained one open reading frame of 3018bp and encoded a single-pass transmembrane domain protein of 1005 amino acids. further, sptoll could be clustered into one branch along with o ...201121945833
Identification of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus type III secretion system 2-associated chaperone VocC for the T3SS2-specific effector VopC.The enteropathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus possesses two sets of type III secretion systems, T3SS1 and T3SS2. Effector proteins secreted by these T3SSs are delivered into host cells, leading to cell death or diarrhea. However, it is not known how specific effectors are secreted through a specific T3SS when both T3SSs are expressed within bacteria. One molecule thought to determine secretion specificity is a T3SS-associated chaperone; however, no T3SS2-specific chaperone has been identified. Ther ...201122092817
aeromonas hydrophila moty is essential for polar flagellum function, requires coordinate expression of motx and pom proteins.by the analysis of aeromonas hydrophila atcc7966t genome we identified a. hydrophila ah-3 moty. a. hydrophila moty, like motx, is essential for the polar flagellum function energized by an electrochemical potential of na+ as coupling ion, but is not involved in lateral flagella function energized by proton motive force. thus, a. hydrophila polar flagellum stator is a complex integrated by two essential proteins: motx and moty, which interact with one of two redundant pairs of proteins: pomab and ...201121737499
occurrence and potential pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus on the south coast of sweden.during the summer of 2006, several wound infections - of which three were fatal - caused by vibrio cholerae were reported from patients who had been exposed to water from the baltic sea. before these reports, we initiated a sampling project investigating the occurrence of potential human pathogenic v. cholerae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in the sound between sweden and denmark. the blue mussel (mytilus edulis) was used as an indicator to follow the occurrence of vibrios over t ...201121692819
quorum sensing and silencing in vibrio parahaemolyticus.the quorum regulatory cascade is poorly characterized in vibrio parahaemolyticus, in part because swarming and virulence factors-the hallmarks of the organism-are repressed by this scheme of gene control, and quorum sensing seems to be silenced in many isolates. in these studies, we examine a swarming-proficient, virulent strain and identify an altered-function allele of the quorum regulator luxo that is demonstrated to produce a constitutively active mimic of luxoôê+p. we find that luxo* affect ...201121705592
a novel genotyping scheme for vibrio parahaemolyticus with combined use of large variably-presented gene clusters (lvpcs) and variable-number tandem repeats (vntrs).a total of 18 variably-presented gene clusters (lvpcs) and nine previously characterized variable-number tandem repeats (vntrs), and all known virulence markers were screened for their frequency and/or copy number in 251 global strains of vibrio parahaemolyticus using pcr and gel or capillary electrophoresis. a two-step genotyping approach combining the use of lvpcs and vntrs was established accordingly. the frequency profiles of lvpcs and virulence markers were primarily used to group the strai ...201121742395
Conserved Tyrosine in the First Transmembrane Segment of Solute:Sodium Symporters Is Involved in Na+-coupled Substrate Co-transport.Solute:sodium symporters (SSSs) transport vital molecules across the plasma membrane of all living organisms. vSGLT, the Na(+)/galactose transporter of Vibrio parahemeolyticus, is the only SSS for which high resolution structural information is available, revealing a LeuT-like fold and a Na(+)-binding site analogous to the Na2 site of LeuT. Whereas the core transmembrane segments (TMs) of SSSs share high structural similarity with other transporters of LeuT-like fold, TM1 does not correspond to ...201121705334
Vibrio virulence genes in fishes collected from estuarine waters in Italy.Aims:ÔÇé The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Vibrio vulnificus and potentially pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mullets collected from estuarine environment in Italy. Methods and Results:ÔÇé Two hundred and ninety-five mullets were analysed by culture using the selective medium thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar, during a monitoring period of 2ÔÇâyears (2008-2009). Presumptive Vibrio colonies were initially identified by using biochemical tests, and s ...201121740448
biological characterization of two marine bdellovibrio-and-like organisms isolated from daya bay of shenzhen, china and their application in the elimination of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster.bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (balos) are a group of highly motile delta-proteobacteria that prey on other gram-negative bacteria. however, nothing is known of the application potential of marine balos in safeguarding seafood safety. here, biological characterization of two marine balos strains and their application in the elimination of vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster (crassostrea ariakensis) at the laboratory scale were investigated. balos strains bdh12 and bdhsh06 were isolated from sedim ...201121899909
occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrios and related environmental factors in songkhla lake, thailand.vibrios are halophilic bacteria that are ubiquitous in marine environments. their occurrence in tropical lakes has rarely been investigated. in this study, the predominance and diversity of vibrio spp. was investigated over a 12-month period in a coastal lagoon, songkhla lake, in southern thailand. water samples were collected at 2 stations in the estuary near yor island in songkhla lake. the predominant vibrios were detected by a culture-based method, using thiosulfate-citrate-bile salt-sucrose ...201122014235
Molecular cloning and expression profiles of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in mud crab Scylla paramamosain.The importance of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) gene family is demonstrated by many studies in recent years. However, it keeps unknown of nitric oxide (NO) system and NOS gene family in mud crab Scylla paramamosain, an important cultured commercial crustacean in China and Pacific area. In this report, the cDNA of NOS contained full-length ORF was cloned from mud crab, S.paramamosain. It was of 4424 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 239 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 540 bp, wh ...201122200639
Detection and characterization of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish by a Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array approach.Vibrios are a group of major foodborne pathogens widely distributed in marine environment. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus are the pathogenic species of Vibrio that pose the greatest threat to human health. However, other vibrios, e.g. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio mimicus and Grimontia hollisae, apparently less relevant in the group of foodborne pathogens, have been sporadically found in outbreaks. For seafood safety and economic purposes, a rapid and powerful met ...201122177227
Reactive oxygen system plays an important role in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei defense against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection.The present study investigated the in vivo hemocytic and hepatopancreatic response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) injection in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The proliferation of bacteria and virus in shrimp, animal mortality, total hemocyte counts (THCs), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory burst, and gene expression of immune factors associated with immune recognition (lectin), prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation, and the anti-microorganism (lysozyme) and ac ...201121991661
The Scr network in Vibrio parahaemolyticus: output targets and transcriptional regulation by a c-di-GMP responsive circuit.The Vibrio parahaemolyticus Scr system modulates decisions pertinent to surface colonization by affecting the cellular level of c-di-GMP. Here we explore the scope and mechanism of this regulation. Transcriptome comparison of ?scrABC and wild-type strains revealed expression differences with respect to ~100 genes. Elevated c-di-GMP repressed genes in the surface sensing regulon including those encoding the lateral flagellar and type three secretion systems and N-acetylglucosamine-binding protein ...201122194449
changes in caenorhabditis elegans exposed to vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus, which owes its origin to the marine environment, is considered as one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea worldwide. the present study investigated the pathogenicity of v. parahaemolyticus against the model organism, caenorhabditis elegans. infection in the host was localized with gfp-tagged v. parahaemolyticus using confocal laser scanning microscopy. the times required for causing infection, bacterial load in intestine, chemotactic response, and alteration ...201122031026
functional characterization of the interaction between bacterial adhesin multivalent adhesion molecule 7 (mam7) protein and its host cell ligands.the ability of a pathogen to rapidly form a stable interaction with the host cell surface is key to its success. bacterial pathogens use a repertoire of virulence factors, but their efficient use relies on close contact between the host and the pathogen. we have recently identified a constitutively expressed mam7 (multivalent adhesion molecule 7), which is widely distributed in gram-negative pathogens and enables them to establish initial contact with the host cell. here, we describe the dissect ...201121937438
Vibrio jasicida sp. nov., a member of the Harveyi clade, from marine animals (packhorse lobster, abalone, and Atlantic salmon).Six isolates of a facultatively anaerobic bacterium were recovered in culture from marine invertebrates and vertebrates, including packhorse lobster (Jasus verreauxi), abalone (Haliotis sp.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) between 1994 and 2002. The bacteria are Gram-negative, rod shaped and motile by means of more than one polar flagellum, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and able to grow between 0.5-8.0% NaCl (optimum 3.0-6.0%) and at temperatures of 10-37 °C (optimum 25-30 °C). On the ba ...201121984666
demonstration and partial characterization of a bacterial growth enhancer in sera.during our research into the pathogenesis of vibrio parahaemolyticus, we noticed that the concentration of serum added to the tissue culture medium (dulbecco's modified eagle's medium: dmem) greatly affected its growth. using gel filtration column chromatography, we clearly demonstrated that serum contains not only a bacterial growth inhibitor (bgi) but also a bacterial growth enhancer (bge) for vibrio parahaemolyticus. our data indicate that the bgi is transferrin, whereas the bge seems to be a ...201120514485
The unique role of siderophore in marine-derived Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2.The L: -ornithine-N (5)-monooxygenase structural gene (SidA gene, accession number: FJ769160) was isolated from both the genomic DNA and cDNA of the marine yeast Aureobasidium pullulans HN6.2 by inverse PCR and RT-PCR. An open reading frame of 1,461 bp encoding a 486 amino acid protein (isoelectric point: 7.79) with calculated molecular weight of 55.4 kDa was characterized. The promoter of the gene (intronless) was located from -1 to -824 and had three HGATAR boxes which wer ...201121989767
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. in Seafood Products Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction.Although several etiological agents can be transmitted through seafood consumption, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. are considered among the most important pathogens in terms of public health and disease. In this study, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as a rapid and cost-effective method, was used to determine the prevalence of these pathogens in 245 samples of raw/fresh, frozen, and ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products market ...201122044288
Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 binds to cultured human intestinal cell line HT-29 and inhibits cell attachment by enterovirulent bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Lactobacillus plantarum AS1 was incubated with HT-29 adenocarcinoma cell line to assess its adhesion potency and examined for its inhibitory effect on the cell attachment by an enterovirulent bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus.201121848906
mechanism of actin filament nucleation by the bacterial effector vopl.vibrio parahaemolyticus protein l (vopl) is an actin nucleation factor that induces stress fibers when injected into eukaryotic host cells. vopl contains three n-terminal wiskott-aldrich homology 2 (wh2) motifs and a unique vopl c-terminal domain (vcd). we describe crystallographic and biochemical analyses of filament nucleation by vopl. the wh2 element of vopl does not nucleate on its own and requires the vcd for activity. the vcd forms a u-shaped dimer in the crystal, stabilized by a terminal ...201121873984
cdna cloning, characterization and expression analysis of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene penaeidin-3 (fi-pen3) from the haemocytes of indian white shrimp fenneropenaeus indicus.a new member of antimicrobial peptide genes of the penaeidin family, penaeidin 3, was cloned from the haemocytes of indian white shrimp fenneropeneaus indicus (f. indicus), by reverse transcription pcr (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end (race-pcr) methods. the complete nucleotide sequence of cdna clone of indian white shrimp f. indicus penaeidin 3 (fi-pen3) was 243bp long and has an open reading frame which encodes 80 amino acid peptide. the homology analysis of fi-pen3 sequence with o ...201121885268
predictive models for the effect of storage temperature on vibrio parahaemolyticus viability and counts of total viable bacteria in pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas).vibrio parahaemolyticus is an indigenous bacterium of marine environments. it accumulates in oysters and may reach levels that cause human illness when postharvest temperatures are not properly controlled and oysters are consumed raw or undercooked. predictive models were produced by injecting pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) with a cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus strains, measuring viability rates at storage temperatures from 3.6 to 30.4°c, and fitting the data to a model to obtain parameter ...201122003032
[analysis of main risk factors causing foodborne diseases in food catering business].to study main risk factors that cause foodborne diseases in food catering business.201121914339
Use of a DNA microarray for detection and identification of bacterial pathogens associated with fishery products.We established a microarray for the simultaneous detection and identification of diverse putative pathogens often associated with fishery products by targeting specific genes of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Yersinia enterocolitica and the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. The microarray contained 26 sp ...201121965411
Isolation and characterization of aerobic culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria from surfacewater and groundwater of Rautahat District, Nepal.Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a serious Environmental Health Management issue of drinking water sources especially in Terai region of Nepal. Many studies have reported that due to natural abundance of arsenic in the environment, various bacteria have developed different resistance mechanisms for arsenic compound. In this study, the culturable arsenic-resistant bacteria indigenous to surfacewater as well as groundwater from Rautahat District of Nepal were randomly isolated by stand ...201121868146
culture-independent real-time pcr reveals extensive polymicrobial infections in hospitalized diarrhoea cases in kolkata, india.clin microbiol infect abstract: culture-independent identification of diarrhoeal aetiological agents was performed using dna harvested from diarrhoeal stool specimens with sybr-green-based real-time pcr targeting vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, campylobacter spp., shigella spp. and three different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli. conventional culture-dependent methods detected bacterial enteropathogens in 68 of 122 diarrhoeal stool specimens. of 68 specimens, 59 (86.8%) h ...201122268636
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
a d-galactose-binding lectin purified from coronate moon turban, turbo (lunella) coreensis, with a unique amino acid sequence and the ability to recognize lacto-series glycosphingolipids.a divalent, cation-independent d-galactose-binding lectin was purified from coronate moon turban turbo (lunella) coreensis. this lectin recognizes d-galactose and is a 38-kda dimeric protein consisting disulphide-bonded 22-kda polypeptides under non-reducing and reducing conditions of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. haemagglutination activity was inhibited by d-galactose, n-acetyl d-galactosamine, melibiose, lactose, porcine stomach mucin, asialofetuin a ...201120837158
insufficiency of the kanagawa hemolytic test for detecting pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in shanghai, china.we evaluated the kanagawa hemolytic test and tdh gene test for accuracy in identifying pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates in shanghai. one hundred and seventy-two v. parahaemolyticus isolates were collected from diarrhea patients, freshly harvested sea fish, or fresh water samples. statistical data for the kanagawa hemolytic test and tdh gene test were compared. there were 83.51% isolates (81/97) from patients and 22.22% isolates (10/45) from sea-fish positive for the tdh gene. however, ...201121146708
development of a rapid detection method to detect tdh gene in vibrio parahaemolyticus using 2-step ultrarapid real-time polymerase chain reaction.thermostable direct hemolysin encoded by tdh gene has been considered an important virulence factor in pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus. two-step ultrarapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (urrt pcr) with a microchip was devised to detect v. parahaemolyticus carrying tdh gene. this novel method has a 6-μl reaction volume and extremely reduces running time since one cycle can be completed in 10 s or less. consequently, 35 cycles of urrt pcr was successfully able to detect up to 100 fg (18 c ...201121146710
clinical characteristics and etiology of travelers' diarrhea among korean travelers visiting south-east asia.the morbidity of travelers' diarrhea (td) is still high. this study examined the incidence of common pathogens and characteristics of td among korean travelers who visited south-east asian countries. we performed a prospective study involving 479 korean travelers with diarrheal disease from february 2009 to april 2009 and stool samples were examined and questionnaire surveys were done after arrival. enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) was found in 36.0% of td cases, as were the following: en ...201121286009
relationship between heat-induced fibrillogenicity and hemolytic activity of thermostable direct hemolysin and a related hemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus.the formation of nonspecific ion channels by small oligomeric amyloid intermediates is toxic to the host's cellular membranes. thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) are major virulence factors of vibrio parahaemolyticus. we have previously reported the crystal structure of tdh tetramer with the central channel. we have also identified the molecular mechanism underlying the paradoxical responses to heat treatment of tdh, known as the arrhenius effect, which is the re ...201121291495
origin of vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6 pandemic clone.o3:k6 pandemic clone of vibrio parahaemolyticus has caused outbreaks in coastal countries since 1996. mutilocus sequence typing (mlst) is an important tool to trace the source and analysis the evolution of bacteria. based on mlst, the first pandemic clonal complex (cc) of v. parahaemolyticus has been confirmed. in this study, 57 pandemic strains, 27 pathogenic strains (tdh or trh positive) and 36 nonpathogenic strains isolated from china were analyzed with mlst. forty-seven unique sequence types ...201121316116
an assessment of potential public health risk associated with the extended survival of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in freshwater lake sediments.microcosm studies were performed to evaluate the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi and vibrio parahaemolyticus in water and sediment collected from the freshwater region of vembanad lake (9'35 °n 76'25 °e) along the south west coast of india. all three test microorganisms showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher survival in sediment compared to overlying water. the survival in different sediment types with different particle size and organic carbon content revealed that sediment w ...201121316302
crystal structure of a potassium ion transporter, trkh.the trkh/trkg/ktrb proteins mediate k(+) uptake in bacteria and probably evolved from simple k(+) channels by multiple gene duplications or fusions. here we present the crystal structure of a trkh from vibrio parahaemolyticus. trkh is a homodimer, and each protomer contains an ion permeation pathway. a selectivity filter, similar in architecture to those of k(+) channels but significantly shorter, is lined by backbone and side-chain oxygen atoms. functional studies showed that trkh is selective ...201121317882
prey bacteria shape the community structure of their predators.although predator-prey interactions among higher organisms have been studied extensively, only few examples are known for microbes other than protists and viruses. among the bacteria, the most studied obligate predators are the bdellovibrio and like organisms (balos) that prey on many other bacteria. in the macroscopical world, both predator and prey influence the population size of the other's community, and may have a role in selection. however, selective pressures among prey and predatory bac ...201121326335
comparative evaluation of a chromogenic agar medium-pcr protocol with a conventional method for isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from environmental and clinical samples.screening for pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus has become routine in certain areas associated with food-borne outbreaks. this study is an evaluation of the chromagar vibrio (cv) medium-pcr protocol and the conventional method (tcbs (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose) agar plus biochemical and wagatsuma agar tests) for detection of v. parahaemolyticus in shrimp, water, sediment, and stool samples collected for biosurveillance in an endemic area of northwestern mexico. a total of 131 enviro ...201121326355
enumeration of vibrio parahaemolyticus in the viable but nonculturable state using direct plate counts and recognition of individual gene fluorescence in situ hybridization.vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium indigenous to marine and estuarine environments and it is capable of causing food and water-borne illness in humans. it can also cause disease in marine animals, including cultured species. currently, culture-based techniques are used for quantification of v. parahaemolyticus in environmental samples; however, these can be misleading as they fail to detect v. parahaemolyticus in a viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state which leads t ...201121329738
susceptibility to antibiotics of vibrio spp. and photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida strains isolated from italian aquaculture farms.the antibiotic resistance patterns of aetiological agents responsible for vibriosis and pasteurellosis were studied to contribute to control the spread of these two bacterial diseases in mediterranean fish farming. strains of photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, vibrio fluvialis, vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio metschnikovii, isolated from italian aquaculture (fish, shellfish and crustaceans) sites, were assayed for their susceptibility to some antibacterial agents curren ...201121344147
molecular cloning and expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4, an important mediator of toll-like receptor signal pathway, from small abalone haliotis diversicolor.mammal interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (iraks) have been demonstrated to play important functions in tlrs (toll-like receptor) signal pathway and t cell proliferation, but there is less knowledge available on mollusc iraks. in this study, a molluscan irak-4 gene, sairak-4, was cloned for the first time from the small abalone (haliotis diversicolor). its full-length cdna sequence was 2062 bp, with a 1548 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 516 aa. the molecular mass of the deduc ...201121362486
antimicrobial resistance of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from farmed fish in korea from 2005 through 2007.the antimicrobial resistance patterns to 15 antimicrobial agents of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus isolated from farmed fishes, including olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus), black rockfish (sebastes schlegeli), red sea bream (pagrus major), and sea bass (lateolabrax japonicus), were investigated from 2005 through 2007. a total of 218 v. parahaemolyticus isolates and 153 v. alginolyticus isolates were obtained from the 180 fish samples collected from fish farms located alon ...201121375873
involvement of the gspab complex in assembly of the type ii secretion system secretin of aeromonas and vibrio species.the type ii secretion system (t2ss) functions as a transport mechanism to translocate proteins from the periplasm to the extracellular environment. the exea homologue in aeromonas hydrophila, gspa(ah), is an atpase that interacts with peptidoglycan and forms an inner membrane complex with the exeb homologue (gspb(ah)). the complex may be required to generate space in the peptidoglycan mesh that is necessary for the transport and assembly of the megadalton-sized exed homologue (gspd(ah)) secretin ...201121378198
antimicrobial effects of essential oils of cinnamosma fragrans on the bacterial communities in the rearing water of penaeus monodon larvae.farmed shrimps are vectors of various vibrio species that are considered a potential health hazard. previous study has shown that vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio alginolyticus dominated in the water and larval samples of shrimp hatchery (randrianarivelo et al. 2010 ). the effects of two essential oils (eos) of cinnamosma fragrans, an endemic plant to madagascar (b8: linalool-type and b143: 1,8-cineole-type), were determined on the total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria and t ...201121395412
isolation and physico-chemical characterisation of extracellular polymeric substances produced by the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus.a marine bacterial strain identified as vibrio parahaemolyticus by 16s rrna gene (hm355955) sequencing and gas chromatography (gc) coupled with midi was selected from a natural biofilm by its capability to produce extracellular polymeric substances (eps). the eps had an average molecule size of 15.278 µm and exhibited characteristic diffraction peaks at 5.985°, 9.150° and 22.823°, with d-spacings of 14.76661, 9.29989 and 3.89650 å, respectively. the fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) ...201121409653
monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in a selected stretch of bay of bengal, india.the present work aims at identification of multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in a selected stretch, namely, puri on the bay of bengal, india. six stations at the coast of puri were selected and samples of water and sediment were collected during the winter of 2008 and 2009 for this study. thirty-eight pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from both the water and the sediment of 6 fixed stations (pu-1a, pu-1b, pu-2, pu-3, pu-4, and pu-5). the identified pathogens were escheri ...201121424669
molecular characterization of a glutathione peroxidase gene and its expression in the selected vibrio-resistant population of the clam meretrix meretrix.glutathione peroxidase (gpx) is an important member of cellular enzymatic antioxidant system, which may be involved in pathogen defense of host. in the present study, a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (mmegpx) gene from clam meretrix meretrix was cloned and analyzed. the mmegpx gene was composed of two introns of 723 bp and 238 bp and an open reading frame (orf) of 711 bp. the orf encodes a protein of 237 amino acids with a putative selenocysteine residue encoded by an unusual stop cod ...201121440068
in-vitro antagonistic characteristics of crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of garcinia kola (heckel) seeds against some vibrio bacteria.the methanolic and aqueous extracts of garcinia kola seeds were screened for their anti-vibrio activities against 50 vibrio isolates obtained from wastewater final effluents in the eastern cape province, south africa. the crude extracts at 10 mg/ml exhibited appreciable inhibitory activities against most of the test vibrio isolates, with zones of inhibition ranging from 10-19 mm for methanol extract and 8-15 mm for the aqueous extracts. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the methanol ...201121441874
a study of bactericidal effect and optimization of pathogenic bacteria using tio2 photocatalyst.the photocatalytic degradation of salmonella choleraesuis subsp. and vibrio parahaemolyticus in water by tio2 catalysts was investigated in a batch reactor. after 30 min of irradiation with uv light in the presence of 1 mg/ml of tio2, death ratio of s. choleraesuis subsp. and v. parahaemolyticus was 60% and 83%, respectively. and complete killing of the cells was achieved after 3 h of illumination in the presence of tio2. we established the response surface methodology to investigate the effect ...201121456234
experimental uptake and retention of pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in two species of clams: ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum.to describe uptake and retention of pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus in ruditapes decussatus and ruditapes philippinarum.201121457416
detection and identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus by multiplex pcr and dna-dna hybridization on a microarray.in this paper, we developed a rapid and accurate method for the detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, using multiplex pcr and dna-dna hybridization. multiplex pcr was used to simultaneously amplify three diagnostic genes (tlh, tdh and fla) that serve as molecular markers of v. parahaemolyticus. biotinylated pcr products were hybridized to primers immobilized on a microarray, and detected by chemiluminesce with avidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase. with this method, forty-five samples w ...201121477785
infaunal burrows are enrichment zones for vibrio parahaemolyticus.vibrio parahaemolyticus, a species that includes strains known to be pathogenic in humans, and other vibrionaceae are common, naturally occurring bacteria in coastal environments. understanding the ecology and transport of these organisms within estuarine systems is fundamental to predicting outbreaks of pathogenic strains. infaunal burrows serve as conduits for increased transport of tidal waters and v. parahaemolyticus cells by providing large open channels from the sediment to salt marsh tida ...201121478307
rapid detection and e-test antimicrobial susceptibility testing of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood and environmental sources in malaysia.to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafoods and environmental sources.201121484001
evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, chromid™ vibrio, for the isolation and presumptive identification of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus from human clinical specimens.the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the chromid™ vibrio medium for the detection of vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus in stool and swab specimens in comparison with thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (tcbs) medium. a total of 96 samples including 30 fresh stool, 32 stool, and 34 swab specimens originating from routine laboratories were tested. all samples were seeded on both media, the tcbs medium and the chromid vibrio, directly and after an enrichment step on alk ...201121484255
effect of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine on gene expression in vibrio parahaemolyticus.we analyzed the effect of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (glcnac) on gene expression in the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. the total number of genes whose expression was induced and repressed genes in the presence of glcnac was 81 and 55, respectively. the induced genes encoded a variety of products, including proteins related to energy metabolism (e.g. glcnac and chitin utilization), transport, central metabolism and chemotaxis, hypothetical proteins, mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus (m ...201121487204
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