Publications

giving structure to the biofilm matrix: an overview of individual strategies and emerging common themes.	biofilms are communities of microbial cells that underpin diverse processes including sewage bioremediation, plant growth promotion, chronic infections and industrial biofouling. the cells resident in the biofilm are encased within a self-produced exopolymeric matrix that commonly comprises lipids, proteins that frequently exhibit amyloid-like properties, edna and exopolysaccharides. this matrix fulfils a variety of functions for the community, from providing structural rigidity and protection f ...	2015	25907113
biofilm matrix proteins.	proteinaceous components of the biofilm matrix include secreted extracellular proteins, cell surface adhesins, and protein subunits of cell appendages such as flagella and pili. biofilm matrix proteins play diverse roles in biofilm formation and dissolution. they are involved in attaching cells to surfaces, stabilizing the biofilm matrix via interactions with exopolysaccharide and nucleic acid components, developing three-dimensional biofilm architectures, and dissolving biofilm matrix via enzym ...	2015	26104709
chromosome segregation in vibrio cholerae.	the study of chromosome segregation is currently one of the most exciting research frontiers in cell biology. in this review, we discuss our current knowledge of the chromosome segregation process in vibrio cholerae, based primarily on findings from fluorescence microscopy experiments. this bacterium is of special interest because of its eukaryotic feature of having a divided genome, a feature shared with 10% of known bacteria. we also discuss how the segregation mechanisms of v. cholerae compar ...	2015	25732338
the extended regulatory networks of sxt/r391 integrative and conjugative elements and inca/c conjugative plasmids.	nowadays, healthcare systems are challenged by a major worldwide drug resistance crisis caused by the massive and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and associated emergence of multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, in both clinical and environmental settings. conjugation is the main driving force of gene transfer among microorganisms. this mechanism of horizontal gene transfer mediates the translocation of large dna fragments between two bacterial cells in direct contact. inte ...	2015	26347724
temperature affects c-di-gmp signalling and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae.	biofilm formation is crucial to the environmental survival and transmission of vibrio cholerae, the facultative human pathogen responsible for the disease cholera. during its infectious cycle, v. cholerae experiences fluctuations in temperature within the aquatic environment and during the transition between human host and aquatic reservoirs. in this study, we report that biofilm formation is induced at low temperatures through increased levels of the signalling molecule, cyclic diguanylate (c-d ...	2015	25684220
comprehensive functional analysis of the 18 vibrio cholerae n16961 toxin-antitoxin systems substantiates their role in stabilizing the superintegron.	the role of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems, which are ubiquitous within the genomes of free-living bacteria, is still debated. we have scanned the vibrio cholerae n16961 genome for class 2 ta genes and identified 18 gene pair candidates. interestingly, all but one are located in the chromosome 2 superintegron (si). the single ta found outside the si is located on chromosome 1 and is related to the well-characterized hipab family, which is known to play a role in antibiotic persistence. ...	2015	25897030
the increased severity in patients presenting to hospital with diarrhea in dhaka, bangladesh since the emergence of the hybrid strain of vibrio cholerae o1 is not unique to cholera patients.	a hybrid strain of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor that expresses a classical cholera toxin (ct) emerged in 2001. this hybrid variant rapidly replaced the previous el tor strain around the world. the global emergence of this variant coincided with anecdotal reports that cholera patients were presenting with more severe dehydration and disease in many locations.	2015	26409202
novel gm1 ganglioside-like peptide mimics prevent the association of cholera toxin to human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.	cholera is an acute diarrheal disease caused by infection in the gastrointestinal tract by the gram-negative bacterium, vibrio cholerae, and is a serious public health threat worldwide. there has not been any effective treatment for this infectious disease. cholera toxin (ct), which is secreted by v. cholerae, can enter host cells by binding to gm1, a monosialoganglioside widely distributed on the plasma membrane surface of various animal epithelial cells. the present study was undertaken to gen ...	2015	26405107
bile salts modulate the mucin-activated type vi secretion system of pandemic vibrio cholerae.	the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, regulates its diverse virulence factors to thrive in the human small intestine and environmental reservoirs. among this pathogen's arsenal of virulence factors is the tightly regulated type vi secretion system (t6ss). this system acts as an inverted bacteriophage to inject toxins into competing bacteria and eukaryotic phagocytes. v. cholerae strains responsible for the current 7th pandemic activate their t6ss within the host. we established that t ...	2015	26317760
genetic relatedness of selected clinical and environmental non-o1/o139 vibrio cholerae.	in an attempt to better understand the non-o1/o139 isolates of vibrio cholerae, a systematic study of clinical and environmental isolates collected from various geographical locations between the years 1932 and 1998 was conducted.	2015	26164777
catechol siderophore transport by vibrio cholerae.	siderophores, small iron-binding molecules secreted by many microbial species, capture environmental iron for transport back into the cell. vibrio cholerae synthesizes and uses the catechol siderophore vibriobactin and also uses siderophores secreted by other species, including enterobactin produced by escherichia coli. e. coli secretes both canonical cyclic enterobactin and linear enterobactin derivatives likely derived from its cleavage by the enterobactin esterase fes. we show here that v. ch ...	2015	26100039
vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: part i: overview, vaccines for enteric viruses and vibrio cholerae.	efforts to develop vaccines for prevention of acute diarrhea have been going on for more than 40 y with partial success. the myriad of pathogens, more than 20, that have been identified as a cause of acute diarrhea throughout the years pose a significant challenge for selecting and further developing the most relevant vaccine candidates. based on pathogen distribution as identified in epidemiological studies performed mostly in low-resource countries, rotavirus, cryptosporidium, shigella, diarrh ...	2015	25715048
vaccines for viral and bacterial pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis: part ii: vaccines for shigella, salmonella, enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) enterohemorragic e. coli (ehec) and campylobacter jejuni.	in part ii we discuss the following bacterial pathogens: shigella, salmonella (non-typhoidal), diarrheogenic e. coli (enterotoxigenic and enterohemorragic) and campylobacter jejuni. in contrast to the enteric viruses and vibrio cholerae discussed in part i of this series, for the bacterial pathogens described here there is only one licensed vaccine, developed primarily for vibrio cholerae and which provides moderate protection against enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) (dukoral(®)), as well as a few ...	2015	25715096
unique atpase site architecture triggers cis-mediated synchronized atp binding in heptameric aaa+-atpase domain of flagellar regulatory protein flrc.	bacterial enhancer-binding proteins (bebps) oligomerize through aaa(+) domains and use atp hydrolysis-driven energy to isomerize the rna polymerase-σ(54) complex during transcriptional initiation. here, we describe the first structure of the central aaa(+) domain of the flagellar regulatory protein flrc (flrc(c)), a bebp that controls flagellar synthesis in vibrio cholerae. our results showed that flrc(c) forms heptamer both in nucleotide (nt)-free and -bound states without atp-dependent subunit ...	2015	25688103
differential rna-seq of vibrio cholerae identifies the vqmr small rna as a regulator of biofilm formation.	quorum sensing (qs) is a process of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to transition between individual and collective lifestyles. qs controls virulence and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera disease. differential rna sequencing (rna-seq) of wild-type v. cholerae and a locked low-cell-density qs-mutant strain identified 7,240 transcriptional start sites with ∼ 47% initiated in the antisense direction. a total of 107 of the transcripts do not appear ...	2015	25646441
multidrug efflux pumps from enterobacteriaceae, vibrio cholerae and staphylococcus aureus bacterial food pathogens.	foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial microorganisms are common worldwide and constitute a serious public health concern. in particular, microorganisms belonging to the enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae families of gram-negative bacteria, and to the staphylococcus genus of gram-positive bacteria are important causative agents of food poisoning and infection in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. recently, variants of these bacteria have developed resistance to medically important chemother ...	2015	25635914
a novel cofactor-binding mode in bacterial imp dehydrogenases explains inhibitor selectivity.	the steadily rising frequency of emerging diseases and antibiotic resistance creates an urgent need for new drugs and targets. inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (imp dehydrogenase or impdh) is a promising target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. impdh catalyzes the oxidation of imp to xmp with the concomitant reduction of nad(+), which is the pivotal step in the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides. potent inhibitors of bacterial impdhs have been identified that bind in a stru ...	2015	25572472
autophagy and endosomal trafficking inhibition by vibrio cholerae martx toxin phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate-specific phospholipase a1 activity.	vibrio cholerae, responsible for acute gastroenteritis secretes a large multifunctional-autoprocessing repeat-in-toxin (martx) toxin linked to evasion of host immune system, facilitating colonization of small intestine. unlike other effector domains of the multifunctional toxin that target cytoskeleton, the function of alpha-beta hydrolase (abh) remained elusive. this study demonstrates that abh is an esterase/lipase with catalytic ser-his-asp triad. abh binds with high affinity to phosphatidyli ...	2015	26498860
an intracellular replication niche for vibrio cholerae in the amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii.	vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen and the causative agent of cholera. the persistence of this bacterium in aquatic environments is a key epidemiological concern, as cholera is transmitted through contaminated water. predatory protists, such as amoebae, are major regulators of bacterial populations in such environments. therefore, we investigated the interaction between v. cholerae and the amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii at the single-cell level. we observed that v. cholerae can resist intracel ...	2015	26394005
the cpx system regulates virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae.	bacteria possess signal transduction pathways capable of sensing and responding to a wide variety of signals. the cpx envelope stress response, composed of the sensor histidine kinase cpxa and the response regulator cpxr, senses and mediates adaptation to insults to the bacterial envelope. the cpx response has been implicated in the regulation of a number of envelope-localized virulence determinants across bacterial species. here, we show that activation of the cpx pathway in vibrio cholerae el ...	2015	25824837
enzymatic production of defined chitosan oligomers with a specific pattern of acetylation using a combination of chitin oligosaccharide deacetylases.	chitin and chitosan oligomers have diverse biological activities with potentially valuable applications in fields like medicine, cosmetics, or agriculture. these properties may depend not only on the degrees of polymerization and acetylation, but also on a specific pattern of acetylation (pa) that cannot be controlled when the oligomers are produced by chemical hydrolysis. to determine the influence of the pa on the biological activities, defined chitosan oligomers in sufficient amounts are need ...	2015	25732514
differential thiol-based switches jump-start vibrio cholerae pathogenesis.	bacterial pathogens utilize gene expression versatility to adapt to environmental changes. vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, encounters redox-potential changes when it transitions from oxygen-rich aquatic reservoirs to the oxygen-limiting human gastrointestinal tract. we previously showed that the virulence regulator aphb uses thiol-based switches to sense the anoxic host environment and transcriptionally activate the key virulence activator tcpp. here, by performing a high-throug ...	2015	26748713
systematic identification of cyclic-di-gmp binding proteins in vibrio cholerae reveals a novel class of cyclic-di-gmp-binding atpases associated with type ii secretion systems.	cyclic-di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a ubiquitous bacterial signaling molecule that regulates a variety of complex processes through a diverse set of c-di-gmp receptor proteins. we have utilized a systematic approach to identify c-di-gmp receptors from the pathogen vibrio cholerae using the differential radial capillary action of ligand assay (dracala). the dracala screen identified a majority of known c-di-gmp binding proteins in v. cholerae and revealed a novel c-di-gmp binding protein, mshe (vc0405), ...	2015	26506097
two nucleotide second messengers regulate the production of the vibrio cholerae colonization factor gbpa.	the nucleotide second messengers camp and c-di-gmp allow many bacteria, including the human intestinal pathogen vibrio cholerae, to respond to environmental stimuli with appropriate physiological adaptations. in response to limitation of specific carbohydrates, camp and its receptor crp control the transcription of genes important for nutrient acquisition and utilization; c-di-gmp controls the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles often, but not exclusively, through transcriptional me ...	2015	26286031
a factor converting viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae to a culturable state in eukaryotic cells is a human catalase.	in our previous work, we demonstrated that viable but nonculturable (vbnc) vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 were converted to culturable by coculture with eukaryotic cells. furthermore, we isolated a factor converting vbnc v. cholerae to culturable (fcvc) from a eukaryotic cell line, ht-29. in this study, we purified fcvc by successive column chromatographies comprising uno q-6 anion exchange, bio-scale cht2-1 hydroxyapatite, and superdex 200 10/300 gl. homogeneity of the purified fcvc was demonstrat ...	2015	25974870
the vrra srna controls a stationary phase survival factor vrp of vibrio cholerae.	small non-coding rnas (srnas) are emerging regulatory elements in bacteria. the vibrio cholerae srna vrra has previously been shown to down-regulate outer membrane proteins (ompa and ompt) and biofilm matrix protein (rbmc) by base-pairing with the 5' region of the corresponding mrnas. in this study, we present an additional target of vrra in v. cholerae, the mrna coding for the ribosome binding protein vrp. vrp is homologous to ribosome-associated inhibitor a (raia) of escherichia coli which fac ...	2015	25826569
c-di-gmp regulates motile to sessile transition by modulating msha pili biogenesis and near-surface motility behavior in vibrio cholerae.	in many bacteria, including vibrio cholerae, cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) controls the motile to biofilm life style switch. yet, little is known about how this occurs. in this study, we report that changes in c-di-gmp concentration impact the biosynthesis of the msha pili, resulting in altered motility and biofilm phenotypes in v. cholerae. previously, we reported that cdgj encodes a c-di-gmp phosphodiesterase and a δcdgj mutant has reduced motility and enhanced biofilm form ...	2015	26505896
identification of critical amino acids conferring lethality in vopk, a type iii effector protein of vibrio cholerae: lessons from yeast model system.	vopk, a type iii effector protein, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae strains belonging to diverse serogroups. ectopic expression of this protein exhibits strong toxicity in yeast model system. in order to map critical residues in vopk, we scanned the primary sequence guided by available data on various toxins and effector proteins. our in silico analysis of vopk indicated the presence of predicted mcf1-she (shxxxe) serine peptidase domain at the c-terminus region of the ...	2015	26488395
vibrio cholerae csra regulates toxr levels in response to amino acids and is essential for virulence.	toxr is a major virulence gene regulator in vibrio cholerae. although constitutively expressed under many laboratory conditions, our previous work demonstrated that the level of toxr increases significantly when cells are grown in the presence of the 4 amino acids asparagine, arginine, glutamate, and serine (nres). we show here that the increase in toxr production in response to nres requires the var/csr global regulatory circuit. the vars/vara two-component system controls the amount of active ...	2015	26242626
in situ proteolysis of the vibrio cholerae matrix protein rbma promotes biofilm recruitment.	the estuarine gram-negative rod and human diarrheal pathogen vibrio cholerae synthesizes a vps exopolysaccharide-dependent biofilm matrix that allows it to form a 3d structure on surfaces. proteins associated with the matrix include, rbma, rbmc, and bap1. rbma, a protein whose crystallographic structure suggests two binding surfaces, associates with cells by means of a vps-dependent mechanism and promotes biofilm cohesiveness and recruitment of cells to the biofilm. here, we show that rbma under ...	2015	26240338
quorum sensing-regulated chitin metabolism provides grazing resistance to vibrio cholerae biofilms.	association of vibrio cholerae with chitinous surfaces of zooplankton is important for its persistence in marine environments, as it provides accessibility to nutrients and resistance to stresses. predation by heterotrophic protists has a major impact on the survival of v. cholerae. v. cholerae forms biofilms as its main defensive strategy, and quorum sensing (qs) additionally regulates the production of antiprotozoal factors. the role of chitin and qs regulation in v. cholerae grazing resistanc ...	2015	25615438
comparative sequence- and structure-inspired drug design for pilf protein of neisseria meningitidis.	serogroup a of neisseria meningitidis is the organism responsible for causing epidemic diseases in developing countries by a pilus-mediated adhesion to human brain endothelial cells. type iv pilus assembly protein (pilf) associated with bacterial adhesion, aggregation, invasion, host cell signaling, surface motility, and natural transformation can be considered as a candidate for effective anti-meningococcal drug development. since the crystal structure of pilf was not available, in the present ...	2015	25928839
the role of china in the global spread of the current cholera pandemic.	epidemics and pandemics of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease, have occurred since the early 19th century and waves of epidemic disease continue today. cholera epidemics are caused by individual, genetically monomorphic lineages of vibrio cholerae: the ongoing seventh pandemic, which has spread globally since 1961, is associated with lineage l2 of biotype el tor. previous genomic studies of the epidemiology of the seventh pandemic identified three successive sub-lineages within l2, designated w ...	2015	25768799
a cell wall damage response mediated by a sensor kinase/response regulator pair enables beta-lactam tolerance.	the bacterial cell wall is critical for maintenance of cell shape and survival. following exposure to antibiotics that target enzymes required for cell wall synthesis, bacteria typically lyse. although several cell envelope stress response systems have been well described, there is little knowledge of systems that modulate cell wall synthesis in response to cell wall damage, particularly in gram-negative bacteria. here we describe wigk/wigr, a histidine kinase/response regulator pair that enable ...	2015	26712007
vibrio cholerae porin ompu induces caspase-independent programmed cell death upon translocation to the host cell mitochondria.	porins, a major class of outer membrane proteins in gram-negative bacteria, primarily act as transport channels. ompu is one of the major porins of human pathogen, vibrio cholerae. in the present study, we show that v. cholerae ompu has the ability to induce target cell death. although ompu-mediated cell death shows some characteristics of apoptosis, such as flipping of phosphatidylserine in the membrane as well as cell size shrinkage and increased cell granularity, it does not show the caspase- ...	2015	26559970
family resemblances: a common fold for some dimeric ion-coupled secondary transporters.	membrane transporter proteins catalyze the passage of a broad range of solutes across cell membranes, allowing the uptake and efflux of crucial compounds. because of the difficulty of expressing, purifying, and crystallizing integral membrane proteins, relatively few transporter structures have been elucidated to date. although every membrane transporter has unique characteristics, structural and mechanistic similarities between evolutionarily diverse transporters have been identified. here, we ...	2015	26503722
crystal structure of the minor pilin cofb, the initiator of cfa/iii pilus assembly in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli.	type iv pili are extracellular polymers of the major pilin subunit. these subunits are held together in the pilus filament by hydrophobic interactions among their n-terminal α-helices, which also anchor the pilin subunits in the inner membrane prior to pilus assembly. type iv pilus assembly involves a conserved group of proteins that span the envelope of gram-negative bacteria. among these is a set of minor pilins, so named because they share their hydrophobic n-terminal polymerization/membrane ...	2015	26324721
predicting homogeneous pilus structure from monomeric data and sparse constraints.	type iv pili (t4p) and t2ss (type ii secretion system) pseudopili are filaments extending beyond microbial surfaces, comprising homologous subunits called "pilins." in this paper, we presented a new approach to predict pseudo atomic models of pili combining ambiguous symmetric constraints with sparse distance information obtained from experiments and based neither on electronic microscope (em) maps nor on accurate a priori symmetric details. the approach was validated by the reconstruction of th ...	2015	26064954
non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae avian isolate from france cocarrying the bla(vim-1) and bla(vim-4) genes.	we describe here a non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolate producing both vim-1 and vim-4 carbapenemases. it was isolated from a yellow-legged gull in southern france. the blavim genes were part of a class 1 integron structure located in an inca/c plasmid. this study emphasizes the presence of carbapenemase genes in wildlife microbiota.	2015	26169421
chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type vi secretion system effectors in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a diverse species of gram-negative bacteria, commonly found in the aquatic environment and the causative agent of the potentially deadly disease cholera. these bacteria employ a type vi secretion system (t6ss) when they encounter prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors. this contractile puncturing device translocates a set of effector proteins into neighboring cells. translocated effectors are toxic unless the targeted cell produces immunity proteins that bind and deactivate in ...	2015	26194724
spectrum of outpatient illness in a school-based cohort in haiti, with a focus on diarrheal pathogens.	currently, there are only limited data available on rates of major diagnostic categories of illnesses among haitian children. we have established a cohort of 1,245 students attending schools run by the christianville foundation in the gressier/leogane region of haiti, for whom our group provides primary medical care. among 1,357 clinic visits during the 2012-2013 academic year, the main disease categories (with rates per 1,000 child years of observation) included acute respiratory infection (ari ...	2015	25732684
cholera toxin b: one subunit with many pharmaceutical applications.	cholera, a waterborne acute diarrheal disease caused by vibrio cholerae, remains prevalent in underdeveloped countries and is a serious health threat to those living in unsanitary conditions. the major virulence factor is cholera toxin (ct), which consists of two subunits: the a subunit (cta) and the b subunit (ctb). ctb is a 55 kd homopentameric, non-toxic protein binding to the gm1 ganglioside on mammalian cells with high affinity. currently, recombinantly produced ctb is used as a component o ...	2015	25802972
multicenter evaluation of the biofire filmarray gastrointestinal panel for etiologic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis.	the appropriate treatment and control of infectious gastroenteritis depend on the ability to rapidly detect the wide range of etiologic agents associated with the disease. clinical laboratories currently utilize an array of different methodologies to test for bacterial, parasitic, and viral causes of gastroenteritis, a strategy that suffers from poor sensitivity, potentially long turnaround times, and complicated ordering practices and workflows. additionally, there are limited or no testing met ...	2015	25588652
identification of the target dna sequence and characterization of dna binding features of hlyu, and suggestion of a redox switch for hlya expression in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae from in silico studies.	hlyu, a transcriptional regulator common in many vibrio species, activates the hemolysin gene hlya in vibrio cholerae, the rtxa1 operon in vibrio vulnificus and the genes of plp-vah1 and rtxachbde gene clusters in vibrio anguillarum. the protein is also proposed to be a potential global virulence regulator for v. cholerae and v. vulnificus. mechanisms of gene control by hlyu in v. vulnificus and v. anguillarum are reported. however, detailed elucidation of the interaction of hlyu in v. cholerae ...	2015	25605793
fitness cost of antibiotic susceptibility during bacterial infection.	advances in high-throughput dna sequencing allow for a comprehensive analysis of bacterial genes that contribute to virulence in a specific infectious setting. such information can yield new insights that affect decisions on how to best manage major public health issues such as the threat posed by increasing antimicrobial drug resistance. much of the focus has been on the consequences of the selective advantage conferred on drug-resistant strains during antibiotic therapy. it is thought that the ...	2015	26203082
a combined vaccine approach against vibrio cholerae and etec based on outer membrane vesicles.	enteric infections induced by pathogens like vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) remain a massive burden in developing countries with increasing morbidity and mortality rates. previously, we showed that the immunization with genetically detoxified outer membrane vesicles (omvs) derived from v. cholerae elicits a protective immune response based on the generation of o antigen antibodies, which effectively block the motility by binding to the sheathed flagellum. in this stu ...	2015	26322032
enumeration of gut-homing β7-positive, pathogen-specific antibody-secreting cells in whole blood from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli- and vibrio cholerae-infected patients, determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay technique.	vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) are noninvasive mucosal pathogens that cause acute watery diarrhea in people in developing countries. direct assessment of the mucosal immune responses to these pathogens is problematic. surrogate markers of local mucosal responses in blood are increasingly being studied to determine the mucosal immune responses after infection. however, the volume of blood available in children and infants has limited this approach. we assessed whether ...	2015	26512047
structure of the n-terminal domain of the metalloprotease prtv from vibrio cholerae.	the metalloprotease prtv from vibrio cholerae serves an important function for the ability of bacteria to invade the mammalian host cell. the protein belongs to the family of m6 proteases, with a characteristic zinc ion in the catalytic active site. prtv constitutes a 918 amino acids (102 kda) multidomain pre-pro-protein that undergoes several n- and c-terminal modifications to form a catalytically active protease. we report here the nmr structure of the prtv n-terminal domain (residues 23-103) ...	2015	26434928
actin-directed toxin. acd toxin-produced actin oligomers poison formin-controlled actin polymerization.	the actin cross-linking domain (acd) is an actin-specific toxin produced by several pathogens, including life-threatening spp. of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, and aeromonas hydrophila. actin cross-linking by acd is thought to lead to slow cytoskeleton failure owing to a gradual sequestration of actin in the form of nonfunctional oligomers. here, we found that acd converted cytoplasmic actin into highly toxic oligomers that potently "poisoned" the ability of major actin assembly proteins, ...	2015	26228148
establishment and characterization of fin-derived cell line from ornamental carp, cyprinus carpio koi, for virus isolation in india.	cyprinus carpio koi fin (cckf) cell line was established and characterized from the caudal fin tissue of ornamental common carp, c. carpio koi. this cell line has been maintained in l-15 medium supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum (fbs) and subcultured more than 52 times over a period of 24 mo. the cckf cell line consisted of epithelial cells and was able to grow at temperatures between 22 and 35°c with an optimum temperature of 28°c. the growth rate of these cells increased as the proporti ...	2015	25990269
a comparative study of bacterial and parasitic intestinal infections in india.	infectious diarrhea causes a major health problem in developing countries with significant morbidity and mortality. very often, rehydration therapy alone does not suffice, mandating the use of antimicrobial agents. however, rapidly decreasing antimicrobial susceptibility is complicating the matters.	2015	25954615
characterization and structure elucidation of antibacterial compound of streptomyces sp. ecr77 isolated from east coast of india.	forty marine actinobacteria were isolated from the sediments of east coast (bay of bengal) region of tamilnadu, india. morphologically distinct colonies were primarily tested against fish pathogenic bacteria such as vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, pseudomonas fluorescens and aeromonas hydrophila by cross-streak plate method. the secondary metabolites produced by the highly potential strain cultured on starch casein broth were extracted separately with various solvents suc ...	2015	25656264
quantitative and qualitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the philippines.	the quantity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the rearing water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia oreochromis niloticus collected every 2 weeks from day 30 to day 120 after stocking for grow-out culture in 6 earthen brackish water ponds in the philippines were examined. the total heterotrophic aerobic bacterial counts obtained in the water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) c.f.u. ml(-1), 10(3)-10(5), 10(5)-10(7) and 10(4)-10(7) c.f.u. g( ...	2015	25555375
[optimization of labeling and localizing bacterial membrane and nucleus with fm4-64 and hoechst dyes].	to observe cell membrane and nucleus in bacteria for subcellular localization.	2015	26665605
mutt from the fish pathogen aliivibrio salmonicida is a cold-active nucleotide-pool sanitization enzyme with unexpectedly high thermostability.	upon infection by pathogenic bacteria, production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is part of the host organism's first line of defence. ros damage a number of macromolecules, and in order to withstand such a harsh environment, the bacteria need to have well-functioning ros scavenging and repair systems. herein, mutt is an important nucleotide-pool sanitization enzyme, which degrades 8-oxo-dgtp and thus prevents it from being incorporated into dna. in this context, we have performed a comparativ ...	2015	25737836
the immediate global responses of aliivibrio salmonicida to iron limitations.	iron is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, and virulence and sequestration of iron in pathogenic bacteria are believed to be correlated. as a defence mechanism, potential hosts therefore keep the level of free iron inside the body to a minimum. in general, iron metabolism is well studied for some bacteria (mostly human or animal pathogens). however, this area is still under-investigated for a number of important bacterial pathogens. aliivibrio salmonicida is a fish pathogen, an ...	2015	25649684
tracing enteric pathogen contamination in sub-saharan african groundwater.	quantitative pcr (qpcr) can rapidly screen for an array of faecally-derived bacteria, which can be employed as tracers to understand groundwater vulnerability to faecal contamination. a microbial dna qpcr array was used to examine 45 bacterial targets, potentially relating to enteric pathogens, in 22 groundwater supplies beneath the city of kabwe, zambia in both the dry and subsequent wet season. thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms, sanitary risks, and tryptophan-like fluorescence, an emerging rea ...	2015	26363144
availability of safe drinking-water: the answer to cholera outbreak? nabua, camarines sur, philippines, 2012.	in may 2012, there were increasing diarrhoea cases and deaths reported from nabua, camarines sur to the philippines event-based surveillance system. an investigation was conducted to identify risk factors and determine transmission dynamics.	2015	26668761
antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts.	foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. to help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in th ...	2015	25856120
isolation and screening of probiotic candidates from marron, cherax cainii (austin, 2002) gastrointestinal tract (git) and commercial probiotic products for the use in marron culture.	six strains of bacteria including bacillus mycoides (a10) and shewanella species (a12) isolated from healthy marron intestine, bacillus species (pm1), bacillus subtilis (pm3), bacillus sp. (pm4) and bacillus sp. (aq) from commercial probiotic products were investigated for probiotic potential in marron culture. antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated pm3 and pm4 were susceptible to all nine antibiotics evaluated. a10, a12 and aq were resistant to class penicillins, whereas pm1 was resistant to ...	2015	24917311
antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-viiia) from daboia russelii pulchella (russell's viper) venom.	microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics poses a serious threat to public health. furthermore, the side effects of these antibiotics have stimulated tremendous interest in developing new molecules from diverse organisms as therapeutic agents. this study evaluates the antibacterial potential of a basic protein, vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction viiia (vrv-pl-viiia), from daboia russelii pulchella venom against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2015	26042153
tracking the elusive function of bacillus subtilis hfq.	rna-binding protein hfq is a key component of the adaptive responses of many proteobacterial species including escherichia coli, salmonella enterica and vibrio cholera. in these organisms, the importance of hfq largely stems from its participation to regulatory mechanisms involving small non-coding rnas. in contrast, the function of hfq in gram-positive bacteria has remained elusive and somewhat controversial. in the present study, we have further addressed this point by comparing growth phenoty ...	2015	25915524
two conserved amino acids of juxtaposed domains of a ribosomal maturation protein cgta sustain its optimal gtpase activity.	cgta is a highly conserved ribosome binding protein involved in ribosome biogenesis and associated with stringent response. it is a 55 kda gtpase protein consisting of gtpase, obg and c-terminal domains. the function of the latter two domains was not clear and despite the importance, the mode of action of cgta is still largely unknown. knocking out of cgta gene is lethal and mutations lead to growth, sporulation and developmental defects in bacteria. it was found that a growth defect and pinhole ...	2015	25912137
graphene oxide nanoribbon-based sensors for the simultaneous bio-electrochemical enantiomeric resolution and analysis of amino acid biomarkers.	in this work, a straightforward in-situ measurement of l and d-amino acids (aas) has been developed using disposable graphene oxide nanoribbon (gon) screen printed electrodes. for that, we took advantage of the electroactivity of certain clinically relevant aas, such as tyrosine (tyr) and methionine (met), which are involved in important bacterial diseases (bacillus subtilis and vibrio cholera, respectively). the strategy is based on a dual electrochemical and enzymatic approach. the d-aa with t ...	2015	25562744
dbdiasnp: an open-source knowledgebase of genetic polymorphisms and resistance genes related to diarrheal pathogens.	diarrhea is a highly common infection among children, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. after pneumonia, diarrhea remains the second leading cause of neonatal deaths. numerous viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteric pathogens are associated with diarrhea. with increasing antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens, there is an urgent need for global surveillance of the mutations and resistance genes primarily responsible for resistance to antibiotic treatment. ...	2015	25978092
chemical communication in the gut: effects of microbiota-generated metabolites on gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.	gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize a host, not the least of which is the presence of the gut microbiota, the trillions of commensal microorganisms inhabiting mammals' digestive tracts, and their products. it is well established that a healthy gut microbiota provides its host with protection from numerous pathogens, including salmonella species, clostridium difficile, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae. conversely, pathogenic ...	2015	25958185
recognition of human milk oligosaccharides by bacterial exotoxins.	the affinities of the most abundant oligosaccharides found in human milk for four bacterial exotoxins (from vibrio cholerae and pathogenic escherichia coli) were quantified for the first time. association constants (ka) for a library of 20 human milk oligosaccharides (hmos) binding to shiga toxin type 2 holotoxin (stx2) and the b subunit homopentamers of cholera toxin, heat-labile toxin and shiga toxin type 1 (ctb5, hltb5 and stx1b5) were measured at 25°c and ph 7 using the direct electrospray i ...	2015	25941008
[the application and epidemiological research of xtag gpp multiplex pcr in the diagnosis of infectious diarrhea].	to investigate the application value of xtag (®) gastrointestinal pathogen panel (xtag9(®) gpp) multiplex pcr in the early diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, and understand the epidemiology of intestinal diarrhea pathogens.	2015	25916780
spectrum of enteropathogens detected by the filmarray gi panel in a multicentre study of community-acquired gastroenteritis.	the european, multicentre, quarterly point-prevalence study of community-acquired diarrhoea (eucodi) analysed stool samples received at ten participating clinical microbiology laboratories (austria, finland, france, germany, greece, ireland, italy, portugal, romania, and the uk) in 2014. on four specified days, each local laboratory submitted samples from ≤20 consecutive patients to the austrian study centre for further testing with the filmarray gi panel (biofire diagnostics, salt lake city, ut ...	2015	25908431
in vitro selection of a single-stranded dna molecular recognition element against clostridium difficile toxin b and sensitive detection in human fecal matter.	toxin b is one of the major virulence factors of clostridium difficile, a bacterium that is responsible for a significant number of diarrhea cases in acute care settings. due to the prevalence of c. difficile induced diarrhea, rapid and correct diagnosis is crucial in the disease management. in this study, we have employed a stringent in vitro selection method to identify single-stranded dna molecular recognition elements (mre) specific for toxin b. at the end of the 12-round selection, one mre ...	2015	25734010
real-time cell analysis for monitoring cholera toxin-induced human intestinal epithelial cell response.	the pathogenic mechanism of vibrio cholerae manifests as diarrhea and causes life-threatening dehydration. here, we observe the human intestinal epithelial cells (hiec) response to cholera toxin (ct) by a real-time cell analysis (rtca) platform, and disclose the difference from ct-induced cytotoxicity and others in hiec. an hiec cell of 1.0 × 10(5) cells/ml was characterized as the suitable concentration for each well. for experimentation, the assay requires an inoculation of ct dissolved in dul ...	2015	25510171
inhibition of adhesion of intestinal pathogens (escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, campylobacter jejuni, and salmonella typhimurium) by common oligosaccharides.	inhibition of the binding of pathogenic adhesins to host glycans by suitable oligosaccharides forms the basis of antiadhesion therapies. experiments were carried out to study the inhibition capability of oligosaccharides on the adhesion of four microorganisms (escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, campylobacter jejuni, and salmonella typhimurium) to ht-29 cells. results showed that, in the absence of oligosaccharides, all of the four pathogens efficiently adhered to the cells. cell adhesion with di ...	2015	25692734
structural basis for competitive inhibition of 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase from vibrio cholerae.	the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway has been shown to be essential in many pathogens and is absent in humans. therefore, enzymes involved in riboflavin synthesis are considered as potential antibacterial drug targets. the enzyme 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase (dhbps) catalyzes one of the two committed steps in the riboflavin pathway and converts d-ribulose 5-phosphate (ru5p) to l-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate and formate. moreover, dhbps is shown to be indispensable for myc ...	2015	25792735
broad spectrum anti-microbial compounds producing bacteria from coast of qingdao bays.	anti-microbial resistance burden and hazard associated with chemical treatment of infections demanded for new anti-microbial natural products. marine associated microorganisms are the enormous source of bioactive compounds. in this study we have isolated 272 marine bacteria among them 136 (50%) were antagonistic to at least one of the four pathogenic strains listeria monocytogenes, vibrio cholerae, e. coli and s. aureus. only two strains exhibited antibacterial activity against all four test str ...	2015	25730803
crp-dependent positive autoregulation and proteolytic degradation regulate competence activator sxy of escherichia coli.	natural competence, the ability of bacteria to take up exogenous dna and incorporate it into their chromosomes, is in most bacteria a transient phenomenon under complex genetic and environmental control. in the gram-negative bacteria haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae, the master regulator sxy/tfox controls competence development. although not known to be naturally competent, escherichia coli possesses a sxy homologue and a competence regulon containing the genes required for dna uptake. ...	2015	25491382
comparative evaluation of the protective efficacy of two formulations of a recombinant chlamydia abortus subunit candidate vaccine in a mouse model.	chlamydia abortus (c. abortus) is the causative agent of ovine enzootic abortion (oea) and poses a zoonotic risk to pregnant women. current live attenuated 1b vaccines are efficacious but cause disease in vaccinated animals and inactivated vaccines are only marginally protective. we tested the ability of a new c. abortus subunit vaccine candidate based on the conserved and immunogenic polymorphic membrane protein d (pmp18d) formulated in cpg1826+fl (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand; flt3l) or v ...	2015	25698486
a comparative structure-function analysis of active-site inhibitors of vibrio cholerae cholix toxin.	cholix toxin from vibrio cholerae is a novel mono-adp-ribosyltransferase (mart) toxin that shares structural and functional properties with pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and corynebacterium diphtheriae diphtheria toxin. herein, we have used the high-resolution x-ray structure of full-length cholix toxin in the apo form, nad(+) bound, and 10 structures of the cholix catalytic domain (c-domain) complexed with several strong inhibitors of toxin enzyme activity (nap, pj34, and the p-series) to s ...	2015	25756608
pocket analysis of the full-length cholix toxin. an assessment of the structure-dynamics of the apo catalytic domain.	cholix toxin from vibrio cholerae is the third member of the diphtheria toxin (dt) group of mono-adp-ribosyltransferase (mart) bacterial toxins. it shares structural and functional properties with pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a and corynebacterium diphtheriae dt. cholix toxin is an important model for the development of antivirulence approaches and therapeutics against these toxins from pathogenic bacteria. herein, we have used the high-resolution x-ray structure of full-length cholix complex ...	2015	25559625
the roles of inflammation, nutrient availability and the commensal microbiota in enteric pathogen infection.	the healthy human intestine is colonized by as many as 1014 bacteria belonging to more than 500 different species forming a microbial ecosystem of unsurpassed diversity, termed the microbiota. the microbiota's various bacterial members engage in a physiological network of cooperation and competition within several layers of complexity. within the last 10 years, technological progress in the field of next-generation sequencing technologies has tremendously advanced our understanding of the wide v ...	2015	26185088
a conserved pattern of primer-dependent transcription initiation in escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae revealed by 5' rna-seq.	transcription initiation that involves the use of a 2- to ~4-nt oligoribonucleotide primer, "primer-dependent initiation," (pdi) has been shown to be widely prevalent at promoters of genes expressed during the stationary phase of growth in escherichia coli. however, the extent to which pdi impacts e. coli physiology, and the extent to which pdi occurs in other bacteria is not known. here we establish a physiological role for pdi in e. coli as a regulatory mechanism that modulates biofilm formati ...	2015	26131907
chemoenzymatic syntheses of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids for dual inhibition of hemagglutinins and neuraminidases.	a fast chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharides containing c5-modified neuraminic acids is reported. analogues of gm3 and gm2 ganglioside saccharidic portions where the acetyl group of neunac has been replaced by a phenylacetyl (phac) or a propanoyl (prop) moiety have been efficiently prepared with metabolically engineered e. coli bacteria. gm3 analogues were either obtained by chemoselective modification of biosynthetic n-acetyl-sialyllactoside (gm3 nac) or by direct bacterial sy ...	2015	26088695
fabv/triclosan is an antibiotic-free and cost-effective selection system for efficient maintenance of high and medium-copy number plasmids in escherichia coli.	antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics are frequently used to maintain plasmid vectors in bacterial hosts such as escherichia coli. due to the risk of spread of antibiotic resistance, the regulatory authorities discourage the use of antibiotic resistance genes/antibiotics for the maintenance of plasmid vectors in certain biotechnology applications. overexpression of e. coli endogenous fabi gene and subsequent selection on triclosan has been proposed as a practical alternative to traditional ...	2015	26057251
gut microbial succession follows acute secretory diarrhea in humans.	disability after childhood diarrhea is an important burden on global productivity. recent studies suggest that gut bacterial communities influence how humans recover from infectious diarrhea, but we still lack extensive data and mechanistic hypotheses for how these bacterial communities respond to diarrheal disease and its treatment. here, we report that after vibrio cholerae infection, the human gut microbiota undergoes an orderly and reproducible succession that features transient reversals in ...	2015	25991682
classic reaction kinetics can explain complex patterns of antibiotic action.	finding optimal dosing strategies for treating bacterial infections is extremely difficult, and improving therapy requires costly and time-intensive experiments. to date, an incomplete mechanistic understanding of drug effects has limited our ability to make accurate quantitative predictions of drug-mediated bacterial killing and impeded the rational design of antibiotic treatment strategies. three poorly understood phenomena complicate predictions of antibiotic activity: post-antibiotic growth ...	2015	25972005
saxs data based global shape analysis of trigger factor (tf) proteins from e. coli, v. cholerae, and p. frigidicola: resolving the debate on the nature of monomeric and dimeric forms.	dimerization of bacterial chaperone trigger factor (tf) is an inherent protein concentration based property which available biophysical characterization and crystal structures have kept debatable. we acquired small-angle x-ray scattering (saxs) intensity data from different tf homologues from escherichia coli (ectf), vibrio cholerae (vctf), and psychrobacter frigidicola (pftf) while varying each protein concentration. we found that ectf and vctf adopt a compact dimeric shape at higher concentrat ...	2015	25950744
protonography, a powerful tool for analyzing the activity and the oligomeric state of the γ-carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of porphyromonas gingivalis.	carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes, mostly containing zinc within their active site, which catalyze a simple but physiologically relevant reaction in all life kingdoms, carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons. six ca classes (α, β, γ, δ, ζ and η) and multiple ca isoforms evolved in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, for facing the need to efficiently convert high amounts of co2 to its hydration products. these enzymes are thus involved in many physiologic ...	2015	25910585
established microbial colonies can survive type vi secretion assault.	type vi secretion (t6s) is a cell-to-cell injection system that can be used as a microbial weapon. t6s kills vulnerable cells, and is present in close to 25% of sequenced gram-negative bacteria. to examine the ecological role of t6s among bacteria, we competed self-immune t6s+ cells and t6s-sensitive cells in simulated range expansions. as killing takes place only at the interface between sensitive and t6s+ strains, while growth takes place everywhere, sufficiently large domains of sensitive cel ...	2015	26485125
attributes of carbapenemase encoding conjugative plasmid pndm-sal from an extensively drug-resistant salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg.	a carbapenem resistant salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg isolate bch 2406 was isolated from a diarrheal child attending an outpatient unit of b.c. roy hospital in kolkata, india. this isolate was positive for the bla ndm-1 in the pcr assay, which was confirmed by amplicon sequencing. except for tetracycline, this isolate was resistant to all the tested antimicrobials. the bla ndm-1 was found to be located on a 146.13-kb mega plasmid pndm-sal, which could be conjugally transferred into esch ...	2015	26441902
biosynthesis, characterisation and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using hibiscus rosa-sinensis petals extracts.	green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has lured the world from the chemical and physical approaches owing to its rapid, non-hazardous and economic aspect of production mechanism. in this study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesised using petal extracts of hibiscus rosa-sinensis. the agnps displayed characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at around 421 nm having a mean particle size of 76.25±0.17 nm and carried a charge of -41±0.2 mv. the x-ray diffraction patterns displayed typ ...	2015	26435282
a dye-decolorizing peroxidase from vibrio cholerae.	the dye-decolorizing peroxidase (dyp) protein from vibrio cholerae (vcdyp) was expressed in escherichia coli, and its dyp activity was assayed by monitoring degradation of a typical anthraquinone dye, reactive blue 19 (rb19). its kinetic activity was obtained by fitting the data to the michaelis-menten equation, giving kcat and km values of 1.3 ± 0.3 s(-1) and 50 ± 20 μm, respectively, which are comparable to those of other dyp enzymes. the enzymatic activity of vcdyp was highest at ph 4. a muta ...	2015	26431465
response of vibrio cholerae to the catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.	in escherichia coli or salmonella enterica, the stress-associated mammalian hormones epinephrine (e) and norepinephrine (ne) trigger a signaling cascade by interacting with the qsec sensor protein. here we show that vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, exhibits a specific response to e and ne. these catecholates (0.1 mm) enhanced the growth and swimming motility of v. cholerae strain o395 on soft agar in a medium containing calf serum, which simulated the environment within the host. ...	2015	26416829
survival of enteroaggregative escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae in frozen and chilled foods.	enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) and vibrio cholerae are common bacteria that infect people in developing countries. nowadays, food preservation by freezing and refrigeration are very common practices that extend the shelf life of food products. unfortunately, eaec and v. cholerae are suspected to survive at low temperatures.	2015	26322875
dual inducer signal recognition by an mlc homologue.	the mlc transcription factor in escherichia coli controls the expression of the phosphotransferase system genes implicated in the transport of glucose into the cell. transport of glucose derepresses mlc-repressed genes by provoking the sequestration of mlc to the membrane, via an interaction with the dephosphorylated eiib domain of the glucose transporter, ptsg. nagc, a paralogue of mlc in e. coli, regulates the use of the amino sugar n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac). both mlc and nagc are members o ...	2015	26293172
functional relbe-family toxin-antitoxin pairs affect biofilm maturation and intestine colonization in vibrio cholerae.	toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are small genetic elements that typically encode a stable toxin and its labile antitoxin. these cognate pairs are abundant in prokaryotes and have been shown to regulate various cellular functions. vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen that is the causative agent of cholera, harbors at least thirteen ta loci. while functional higba, parde have been shown to stabilize plasmids and phd/doc to mediate cell death in v. cholerae, the function of seven relbe-family ta systems ...	2015	26275048
crystal structure and activity of protein l-isoaspartyl-o-methyltransferase from vibrio cholerae, and the effect of adohcy binding.	the repair enzyme protein l-isoaspartyl-o-methyltransferase (pimt) is widely distributed in various organisms. pimt catalyzes s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) dependent methylation of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues, formed by the deamidation of asparagines and isomerization of aspartates. we report the crystal structure of pimt of vibrio cholerae (vcpimt), the aetiological agent for cholera, complexed with the demethylated cofactor s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (adohcy) to 2.05 å resolution. a stretch ...	2015	26255776
molecular dissection of the essential features of the origin of replication of the second vibrio cholerae chromosome.	vibrionaceae family members are interesting models for studying dna replication initiation, as they contain two circular chromosomes. chromosome ii (chrii) replication is governed by two evolutionarily unique yet highly conserved elements, the origin dna sequence oricii and the initiator protein rctb. the minimum functional region of oricii, oricii-min, contains multiple elements that are bound by rctb in vitro, but little is known about the specific requirements for individual elements during o ...	2015	26220967
prediction of intra-species protein-protein interactions in enteropathogens facilitating systems biology study.	protein-protein interactions in escherichia coli (e. coli) has been studied extensively using high throughput methods such as tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and yeast two-hybrid method. this can in turn be used to understand the mechanisms of bacterial cellular processes. however, experimental characterization of such huge amount of interactions data is not available for other important enteropathogens. here, we propose a support vector machine (svm)-based prediction ...	2015	26717407
surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks in iran, 2006-2011.	the outbreaks of foodborne diseases is a major health problem and occur daily in all countries, from the most to the least developed. this study is the first report of foodborne outbreaks in iran that carried out from 2006 to 2011.	2015	26913248
epidemiologic and drug resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor, serotype ogawa, in the 2011 cholera outbreak, in alborz province, iran.	although the national guidelines recommend special antibiotics, based on the antibiogram of national reference laboratory, it seems that, because of uncontrolled usage of antibiotics in the society and due to the changes in the serotypes causing the disease, it is essential to monitor the status of drug resistance, permanently, and to revise the current prescriptions guidelines.	2015	26855737
antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves and seeds of coriandrum sativum toward food-borne pathogens.	the increasing incidence of drug-resistant pathogens and toxicity of existing antibacterial compounds has drawn attention toward the antimicrobial activity of natural products. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves and seeds of coriandrum sativum. the five strains of bacteria comprising escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enterica and vibrio cholerae were used for the antibacterial tests. in ...	2015	26684163