Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| antigenic structure of human hepatitis a virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies. | we examined the antigenic structure of human hepatitis a virus (hav) by characterizing a series of 21 murine monoclonal-antibody-resistant neutralization escape mutants derived from the hm175 virus strain. the escape phenotype of each mutant was associated with reduced antibody binding in radioimmunofocus assays. neutralization escape mutations were identified at the asp-70 and gln-74 residues of the capsid protein vp3, as well as at ser-102, val-171, ala-176, and lys-221 of vp1. with the except ... | 1992 | 1312628 |
| expression and characterization of recombinant hepatitis a virus 3c proteinase. | the 3c proteinase from the hepatitis a virus (hav) was cloned into a multicopy expression vector in escherichia coli under control of the tac promoter. the resulting plasmid construction produced 3c proteinase as a soluble and active enzyme constituting approximately 10% of total cellular proteins. the enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by sds gel electrophoresis and hplc reversed-phase and fplc ion-exchange chromatography. a colorimetric assay was developed, and synthetic pep ... | 1992 | 1313294 |
| [inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus and glomerulonephritis in a child]. | a 9-year-old boy developed inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) and glomerulonephritis, simultaneously. the diagnosis was confirmed by the finding of serum anti-hav igm. we suggest that the kidney involvement was also caused by hav. recovery was uneventful. | 1992 | 1314215 |
| immunogenicity and antigenicity of chimeric picornaviruses which express hepatitis a virus (hav) peptide sequences: evidence for a neutralization domain near the amino terminus of vp1 of hav. | we evaluated the antigenic characteristics of chimeric picornaviruses created by inserting peptide sequences from hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid proteins into the b-c loop of vp1 of sabin strain type 1 poliovirus (pv-1). fifteen viable chimeras were generated. each retained the ability to be neutralized by polyclonal pv-1 antisera. two chimeras (h15 and h2) stimulated production of low levels of hav neutralizing antibodies in immunized rabbits or mice, although in both cases only a small fractio ... | 1992 | 1314456 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces. | the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav; strain hm175) on the hands of five volunteers was determined by depositing 10 microliters of fecally suspended virus on each fingerpad and eluting the inoculum after 0, 20, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min. the amount of virus recovered from each fingerpad at 0 min was approximately 6.0 x 10(4) pfu. at the end of 4 h, 16 to 30% of the initially recoverable virus remained detectable on the fingerpads. hav inocula (10 microliters; approximately 1.0 x 10(4) pfu) pla ... | 1992 | 1315331 |
| characterization of a genetic variant of human hepatitis a virus. | human isolates of hepatitis a (hav) are a single serotype; however, recent genetic surveys using limited nucleotide sequencing have provided evidence that more than one genotype is responsible for hav infection in different parts of the world (jansen et al. [1990]: proc natl acad sci usa 87:2867-2871; robertson et al. [1991] j infect dis 163:286-292). one of these genotypes was originally isolated from panamanian owl monkeys (strain pa21), but has subsequently been found associated with human ca ... | 1992 | 1316423 |
| genetic relatedness of hepatitis a virus strains recovered from different geographical regions. | a pairwise comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of 168 bases from 152 wild-type or unique cell culture-adapted strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) revealed that hav strains can be differentiated genetically into seven unique genotypes (i to vii). in general, the nucleotide sequence of viruses in different genotypes differs at 15 to 25% of positions within this segment of the genome. viruses from four of the genotypes (i, ii, iii and vii) were recovered from cases of hepatitis a in humans, wher ... | 1992 | 1318940 |
| myelopoiesis in vitro is suppressed by hepatitis a virus. | perturbations of hematopoietic regulation ranging from transient granulocytopenia to rare cases of bone marrow failure are associated with infections due to hepatitis a virus (hav). in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms we had previously established that hav has a direct suppressive effect on human bone marrow progenitors (cfu-gm, -gemm, bfu-e). these studies were extended to long-term bone marrow cultures (ltbmc): inoculation of bone marrow mononuclear cells with hav did not in ... | 1992 | 1322183 |
| multistate outbreak of hepatitis a associated with frozen strawberries. | a multistate outbreak of hepatitis a was traced to frozen strawberries processed at a single plant. among 827 students and 60 teachers at an elementary school in georgia during a 2-week period, 15 developed hepatitis a. three months later, among 174 residents and 467 staff in an institution for the developmentally disabled in montana during a 3-week period, 13 developed hepatitis a. primary attack rates were 10% in the school and 8% in the institution. cohort analysis in the school implicated co ... | 1992 | 1323618 |
| intermolecular cleavage of hepatitis a virus (hav) precursor protein p1-p2 by recombinant hav proteinase 3c. | active proteinase 3c of hepatitis a virus (hav) was expressed in bacteria either as a mature enzyme or as a protein fused to the entire polymerase 3d or to a part of it, and their identities were shown by immunoblot analysis. intermolecular cleavage activity was demonstrated by incubating in vitro-translated and radiolabeled hav precursor protein p1-p2 with extracts of bacteria transformed with plasmids containing recombinant hav 3c. identification of cleavage products p1, vp1, and vpo-vp3 by im ... | 1992 | 1328690 |
| assessment of inactivation of hepatitis a vaccine by compound pcr. | assuring the complete inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine commonly requires prolonged tissue culture amplification, followed by detection of virus antigen in cell lysates. a reliable, but faster, alternative procedure is highly desirable since it will permit the prescreening of experimental batches of killed hav, prior to tissue-culture amplification. we established experimental conditions for simultaneous, polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based amplification of viral and cellular mrn ... | 1992 | 1331145 |
| [family-acquired hepatitis a--prevalence of hepatitis a among the family in aichi prefecture, 1990]. | we studied the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) in 45 families, which members were diagnosed as hepatitis a in 8 hospitals in 1990. feces and sera from 50 patients and their 126 family members were tested for hav-specific antigen and igm antibody by elisa or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology. from the interval of the onset of hepatitis or detection of hav antigen in feces, hav transmission was recognized in 11 (24.4%) of 45 families. the transmission was found to be concerned wit ... | 1992 | 1331263 |
| accumulation and persistence of hepatitis a virus in mussels. | accumulation and persistence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the mussel mytilus chilensis was evaluated. under optimal filtration activity of mussels (temperature 12 degrees c, salinity 3%, feeding twice a day with dunaliella marina), hav was concentrated 100-fold from the surrounding water. similar concentrations of hav were reached in the filtration apparatus and in the digestive system (hepatopancreas). hav persisted for about 7 days in mussels. elimination of hav from mussels was slower than e ... | 1992 | 1331305 |
| identification of precursors of structural proteins vp1 and vp2 of hepatitis a virus. | the morphogenetic pathway of hepatitis a virus (hav), classified as a member of the enteroviruses within the picornaviridae, still remains obscure and seems to differ considerably from that of poliovirus, the most studied representative of this genus. in order to elucidate the precursor/product relationship of hav structural proteins, subviral particles, which represent more than 50% of the viral antigen produced in infected cells, were separated from mature virions and their polypeptide pattern ... | 1992 | 1331311 |
| a cis-acting element within the hepatitis a virus 5'-non-coding region required for in vitro translation. | every picornavirus studied thus far has a sequence within the 5'-non-coding region that is required for internal ribosome binding and translation of the polyprotein. in an attempt to identify this region in hepatitis a virus we constructed a truncated hepatitis a virus (hav) cdna clone that contains the entire 736 bp 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr) and 754 base pairs of the viral capsid coding region (p1) under control of the sp6 promoter. in vitro transcription and translation of this transcript ... | 1992 | 1332279 |
| [the circulation of the hepatitis a and b viruses in the somali population]. | we report the results of a study carried out to evaluate the extent of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) circulation in somalia. serum samples were collected from 593 subjects (age range 0-83 years) and tested for anti-hepatitis a (hav) and anti-hav igm. serum samples taken from 1272 individuals (age range 0-83 years) were tested for hbsag, anti-hbsag, anti-hbcag, hbeag and anti-hbeag. we confirmed a very high rate of hav exposure (about 90% of the subjects tested had circulati ... | 1992 | 1334688 |
| immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus virosome vaccine delivery system for immunization against hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was purified from mrc-5 human diploid cell cultures, inactivated with formalin, and evaluated for safety and immunogenicity in humans. three vaccine formulations were produced: (a) a fluid preparation containing inactivated hav, (b) inactivated hav adsorbed to al(oh)3, and (c) inactivated hav coupled to novel immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (iriv). iriv were prepared by combining phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipids originating ... | 1992 | 1334977 |
| prevention of viral hepatitis a: past, present and future. | before hepatitis a virus (hav) was identified, spread of hepatitis a was prevented by public health measures. the first specific, preventive measure for hepatitis a was passive protection with standard, pooled human immune globulins. human immune globulin contained sufficient hav neutralizing antibodies for short-term, prophylactic passive protection and for control of the spread of local outbreaks. after many unsuccessful attempts, hav was propagated in cell cultures and the development of vacc ... | 1992 | 1335635 |
| serological approaches to distinguish immune response to hepatitis a vaccine and natural infection. | currently, the immune status of an individual exposed to hepatitis a virus (hav) is determined by assays which measure antibodies against the capsid proteins. these assays indicate exposure to the viral capsid that could result from either infection or from vaccination. recent data indicate that proteins from the non-structural genome region of the virus (p2 or p3), which are only produced during active virus replication, generate antibodies after clinical disease. a sub-genomic cdna segment of ... | 1992 | 1335637 |
| inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: active and passive immunoprophylaxis in chimpanzees. | studies of active and passive immunoprophylaxis were carried out in chimpanzees to determine whether a candidate hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine could stimulate antibody to hav (anti-hav) that was qualitatively similar to anti-hav stimulated by natural infection. normal immune globulin (ig) was prepared from plasma obtained from human volunteers before and after vaccination with the hav vaccine, and these preparations or commercially prepared ig were administered to chimpanzees. protective effic ... | 1992 | 1335648 |
| clinical manifestations and diagnosis of hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a is an acute, necroinflammatory disease of the liver which results from infection by the hepatitis a virus (hav). the mean incubation period is approximately 30 days. although the disease is usually self-limited, the severity of illness is age-dependent. in children, hepatitis a is usually asymptomatic, while in adults, symptomatic infection is characteristic and jaundice is common. fulminant hepatitis a is rare and is also age-dependent. the onset of hepatitis a is often abrupt and c ... | 1992 | 1335649 |
| clinical assessment of the safety and efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: rationale and summary of findings. | the objectives for the clinical testing of the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine developed by smithkline beecham biologicals are reviewed and the results obtained are summarized. the first studies were carried out in healthy young adult volunteers using pilot vaccine lots prepared from the clf and hm175 strains of hepatitis a virus (hav). it was established that the candidate vaccines were well-tolerated, caused no hypersensitivity reactions and elicited a strong antibody response. as the yield in ... | 1992 | 1335652 |
| properties and classification of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a member of the picornavirus family. it was first provisionally classified as enterovirus 72, but subsequent determinations of its nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed them to be sufficiently distinct to assign the virus to a new genus. heparna-virus (hep-a-rna-virus) has been suggested as the genus name. hav shares the key properties of the picornavirus family: an icosahedral particle 28 nm in diameter with cubic symmetry, composed of 30% rna and 70% protein. th ... | 1992 | 1335653 |
| natural hosts of hepatitis a virus. | the host range for hepatitis a virus (hav) is limited to man and several species of non-human primates, and involvement of vertebrates other than primates in hav circulation is unlikely. spontaneous hepatitis a infection has been reported to occur in captive non-human primates including the great apes (chimpanzee) as well as old world (cynomolgus, african vervet, stump-tailed) and new world (aotus) monkeys. the presence of anti-hav antibody in the sera of newly captured monkeys of these species ... | 1992 | 1335654 |
| replication of hepatitis a virus and processing of proteins. | isolation and propagation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture is routinely possible. all primary hav isolates and most established virus strains, however, show a protracted replication behaviour and tend to establish a persistent infection. rapidly replicating, cytolytic variant viruses can be selected from persistently infected cultures under distinct conditions. factors critical for the outcome of hav infection include the genetics of the virus, the physiological state of the infected c ... | 1992 | 1335655 |
| genetic, antigenic and biological differences between strains of hepatitis a virus. | recent studies have documented a considerable degree of genetic divergence among wild-type hepatitis a virus (hav) strains recovered from different geographical locations. human hav strains can be grouped into four genotypes (i, ii, iii and vii) and unique simian strains belong to three additional genotypes (iv, v and vi). between each of these genotypes, the nucleotide sequence varies at 15-25% of base positions in the p1 region. despite this, there is good evidence that most, if not all, human ... | 1992 | 1335657 |
| passive immunization against hepatitis a. | administration of human serum immune globulin (ig) is an effective means of protecting individuals against hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and disease. several large field studies have demonstrated that if given before exposure, ig will prevent infection with hav. furthermore, if ig is given during the incubation period of hepatitis a, the severity of infection may be reduced and potentially clinical infections may be converted into subclinical ones. although uncommon, infection which occurs i ... | 1992 | 1335658 |
| possible approaches to develop vaccines against hepatitis a. | more than a decade ago, successful replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture opened the way to the development of live attenuated and inactivated vaccine candidates. serial passages of hav in cell culture led to attenuation as demonstrated by experiments in non-human primates. several live vaccine candidates obtained through serial passages have been evaluated in volunteers. significant improvements in the yield of viral antigen from infected cell cultures stimulated the development ... | 1992 | 1335659 |
| epidemiological patterns of hepatitis a in different parts of the world. | serological surveys in many communities show a high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) in people over the age of 50 years. however, few of that age can recall a previous episode of hepatitis, indicating that subclinical infections are common. the outcome of infection with hav depends on the age at which infection occurs and, perhaps, the infectious dose. fulminant disease is well recorded, with the frequency varying from one to eight per 1000 cases. information on the frequency ... | 1992 | 1335660 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis a in mediterranean countries. | infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) is still endemic in some mediterranean areas. in most northern mediterranean countries, the incidence of acute icteric hepatitis in adults is increasing. this is due to the shifting of hav infection to adulthood as a result of the decline of its overall prevalence due to improvements in socioeconomic, sanitary and hygienic conditions. the majority of adults remain susceptible and develop overt disease when infected, since the severity of disease is highly a ... | 1992 | 1335662 |
| ecology and prevention of a shellfish-associated hepatitis a epidemic in shanghai, china. | during a shellfish-borne hepatitis a outbreak in shanghai during the first quarter of 1988, 300,000 cases were reported in two months. using cell culture and experimental infection of marmosets, hepatitis a virus (hav) was isolated from clams collected from the market and the sea bed during the epidemic. a dose-response curve correlating the quantity of clams consumed to the attack rate of hepatitis a was well documented. the occurrence of the epidemic was associated with a good harvest of clams ... | 1992 | 1335663 |
| hepatitis a as an occupational hazard. | few studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of hepatitis a virus (hav) as an occupational hazard. our analysis of data on occupational diseases in germany showed that hepatitis a ranks as third among infectious occupational diseases. morbidity based on the frequency of compensation (15.2%) was in the same range as that observed for hepatitis b (19.7%). in another study, data were collected on anti-hav prevalence among 2293 hospital workers in southwest germany. anti-hav prevalence of ... | 1992 | 1335666 |
| who should receive hepatitis a vaccine? considerations for the development of an immunization strategy. | the availability of efficacious hepatitis a vaccines should greatly facilitate the prevention of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. groups at high risk of hav infection have been identified from epidemiological studies and include both children and adults. while certain high-risk adults, such as travellers, could be a convenient target for vaccination, selective immunization of high-risk adults would not be expected to lower the overall rates of infection in most countries. because a significant ... | 1992 | 1335667 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis a prevention in travellers. | the advent of new vaccines and the changing epidemiology of hepatitis a call for an update of the economic evaluation of costs and benefits associated with the various alternative preventative strategies. a decision-tree-based model has been developed which enables the calculation of expected costs and expected numbers of hepatitis a virus hav infections based on different intervention strategies. the model is sufficiently generic to allow for the evaluation of both population-wide strategies an ... | 1992 | 1335668 |
| perspectives on the control of hepatitis a by vaccination. | the availability of an inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, and the development of live attenuated virus vaccines against hepatitis represent great advances in the effort to control an important cause of viral hepatitis. there are a number of ways hepatitis a vaccines could be used, depending on the epidemiology of hav infection in the country concerned, the cost of the product, the duration of protection that the vaccine affords and its effectiveness for postexposure prophylaxis. expert ... | 1992 | 1335670 |
| [antibody titers against the hepatitis a virus in a healthy population from an urban health area]. | to assess the level of immunity in a healthy population to the hepatitis a virus (hav), according to age groups and in an urban health area. | 1992 | 1339210 |
| the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and b in a japanese town. | sera collected from 1,118 healthy children and adults aged between four years and 90 years during the period 1989 to 1990, were tested for serological markers of hepatitis a virus (hav) [antibody to hav (anti-hav)] and hepatitis b virus (hbv) [hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen (anti-hbsab)]. the overall prevalence rates of anti-hav, hbsag, and anti-hbv were 20.2%, 0.36%, and 5.1%, respectively. no body was found to be positive for anti-hav below 30 y ... | 1992 | 1339221 |
| primary isolation of a brazilian strain of hepatitis a virus (haf-203) and growth in a primate cell line (frhk-4). | 1. although hepatitis a is endemic in brazil, this is the first report describing the isolation of a brazilian strain of hepatitis a virus (hav). 2. fecal specimens obtained from patients in the acute phase of hepatitis a were inoculated into fetal rhesus kidney cell cultures (frhk-4). only one inoculum, denoted haf-203, could be propagated serially. both cell lysates and tissue culture fluids of infected cells were used as inocula and evaluated for viral antigen and rna content by enzyme immuno ... | 1992 | 1342600 |
| reactogenicity and immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis a vaccines. | two inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) candidate vaccine strain were tested, derived from strains clf and hm175. neither vaccine increased liver enzymes levels and reactogenicity was similar to that observed with other alum-absorbed products. antibody responses were dose-dependent and protection against hav can be presumed to last for at least three years. all persons receiving 720 elisa units (el.u) of the clf vaccine seroconverted after one dose. for the hm175 vaccine, anti-hav persisted unti ... | 1992 | 1362031 |
| hepatitis c core antibody detection in acute hepatitis and cirrhosis patients from tunisia. | the detection of anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) core antibodies is an important addition to hcv antibody testing. in this study it appears to be more specific than the first generation hcv tests and in combination with the detection of anti-c33c antibodies, it is possibly more sensitive. in tunisia hepatitis c virus is implicated by the presence of anti-core antibodies in only 8% of the adult cases of acute hepatitis as opposed to 60% for hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 4% for hepatitis a virus (hav). ... | 1992 | 1383914 |
| enteric non-a, non-b hepatitis: epidemics, animal transmission, and hepatitis e virus detection by the polymerase chain reaction. | we studied epidemics of viral hepatitis occurring at three different places in india. one was a combined epidemic due to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) infections. in this epidemic, hav affected children below 10 years of age, whereas hev infected the young adult population. hev was transmitted to rhesus monkeys (macaca mulata) and confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on bile from the animals. fecal material from acutely infected patients in one of the epidemics ... | 1992 | 1402825 |
| mutations within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna which enhance replication in bs-c-1 cells. | passage of human hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture results in attenuation of the virus as well as progressive increases in the efficiency of virus replication in cell culture. because the presence of identical mutations within the 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) of several independently isolated cell culture-adapted hav variants suggests that the 5'ntr may play a role in determining this change in virus host range, we constructed chimeric infectious cdna clones in which portions of the 5 ... | 1992 | 1404601 |
| [complement c3 and c4 levels in serum from acute viral hepatitis]. | serial measurements of c3 and c4 complement components were performed in 50 patients with acute, uncomplicated viral hepatitis, in the beginning of the symptoms and in the peaks of serum transaminases. there were 17 patients diagnosed as having hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and 33 patients diagnosed as having hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. there were 4 women and 46 men with a mean age of 22.1 years. in the sera of 50 healthy control subjects serum c3 and c4 complement components measured ... | 1992 | 1435361 |
| immune pathogenesis of hepatitis a. | in an effort to elucidate the mechanism of liver damage resulting from hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, we have studied infected skin fibroblasts and autologous lymphocytes from hav patients. we report here that hla-restricted virus-specific t cells play an essential role in hav-related hepatocellular injury. | 1992 | 1450708 |
| relapsing hepatitis a in saimiri monkeys experimentally reinfected with a wild type hepatitis a virus (hav). | saimiri monkeys were inoculated three times with hepatitis a virus and observed in a follow-up study for sixteen months. the monkeys developed recurrent hepatitis involving liver damage and cycles of hav antigen shedding in stools. the relapses were presumably due to immune response effects. | 1992 | 1450724 |
| nosography and immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis. | five viruses are responsible for the vast majority of cases of viral related hepatitis. they have been named hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), hepatitis e virus (hev). the more recent literature concerning the viral structure, the epidemiology, the serological identification, the clinical course and the prevention of each type of hepatitis is reviewed. hbv is not directly cytopathic. hepatitis is a consequence of the destruction o ... | 1992 | 1501725 |
| hepatitis a virus 3c proteinase substrate specificity. | hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase is responsible for processing the viral precursor polyprotein into mature proteins. the substrate specificity of recombinant hepatitis a 3c proteinase was investigated using a series of synthetic peptides representing putative polyprotein junction sequences. two peptides, corresponding to the viral polyprotein 2b/2c and 2c/3a junctions, were determined to be cleaved most efficiently by the viral 3c proteinase. the kcat/km values determined for the hydrolysis ... | 1992 | 1510973 |
| sociodemographic factors and the declining prevalence of anti-hepatitis a antibodies in young adults in israel: implications for the new hepatitis a vaccines. | in order to examine changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in israel during the past decade, a sero-epidemiological study was carried out in 1989 in a random sample of 1153 members of the permanent army, aged 21-30 years. of the males 59.2%, and 54.3% of the females were anti-hav antibody positive (p = 0.22). at all ages, the highest prevalence was in those of north african origin, followed by those of asian, native israeli and western origin. there was a marked decline ... | 1992 | 1544745 |
| immunoglobulin prophylaxis for hepatitis a. | studies conducted over the past 45 years have shown that immunoglobulin (ig) prevents 80%-90% of cases of hepatitis a when administered before exposure or shortly thereafter. protection is short lived and requires early diagnosis and timely administration of ig to contacts. inactivated and attenuated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines have recently been developed and should be available for clinical use within the next few years. evaluation of antibodies to hav in ig and in ig recipients provides ... | 1992 | 1554845 |
| age-specific prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among teenagers in sardinia. | in 1989, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in a sample of 1350 sardinian teenagers aged 14 to 19 years was estimated by elisa method. the overall anti-hav prevalence was 20%; it increased from 12.3% among 14-16 year old subjects to 27.4% in subjects aged 17-19 years (p less than 0.01). a slight female preponderance was observed (22.1% versus 17.9) but no statistically significant difference was attained. compared with the corresponding figure (71.6% of prevalence rate) ... | 1991 | 1648657 |
| effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis a virus on environmental surfaces. | stainless steel disks (diameter, 1 cm) were contaminated with fecally suspended hepatitis a virus (hav; strain hm-175) and held at low (25% +/- 5%), medium (55% +/- 5%), high (80% +/- 5%), or ultrahigh (95% +/- 5%) relative humidity (rh) at an air temperature of 5,20, or 35 degrees c. hav survival was inversely proportional to the level of rh and temperature, and the half-lives of the virus ranged from greater than 7 days at the low rh and 5 degrees c to about 2 h at the ultrahigh rh and 35 degr ... | 1991 | 1649579 |
| parameters influencing the attachment of hepatitis a virus to a variety of continuous cell lines. | we have investigated the interactions of purified radiolabelled hepatitis a virus (hav) with a variety of continuous cell lines. virus labelled either in vitro with radiolabelled iodine or in vivo with radiolabelled uridine bound to cells with similar efficiency. attachment to bs-c-1 cells was calcium ion-dependent and this correlated with infectivity assay results. the cell tropism of hav attachment was examined using cell suspensions and confluent cell monolayers at both 4 degrees c and 37 deg ... | 1991 | 1649900 |
| simian hepatitis a virus (hav) strain agm-27: comparison of genome structure and growth in cell culture with other hav strains. | fragments of cdna representing greater than 99% of the entire genome of wild-type hepatitis a virus (hav) strain agm-27, isolated from an african green monkey, were obtained by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. comparison with other hav isolates revealed differences in the predicted amino acid sequence in functionally critical parts of the genome. comparison of the biological properties of agm-27 with those of human wild-type and cell culture-adapted hm-175 strains revealed that agm-2 ... | 1991 | 1649901 |
| sequence analysis of a new hepatitis a virus naturally infecting cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). | a new isolate of hepatitis a virus (hav), cy-145, was isolated from stool specimens obtained from cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with this agent. sequence analysis of the capsid region of the genome indicated that this virus differed from other sequenced hav strains by about 20% at the nucleotide level and 7% at the amino acid level. two amino acid residues (residues 70 of vp3 and 102 of vp1), previously identified as constituting an immunodominant site and conserved in all sequenced hav ... | 1991 | 1649902 |
| adsorption-elution with negatively and positively-charged glass powder for the concentration of hepatitis a virus from water. | two methods based on virus adsorption and elution from glass powder were developed for the concentration of hepatitis a virus (hav) from large volumes of water. the cytopathogenic phm-175 strain of hav was used to test these procedures in tap water, fresh water, sea water and raw sewage. hav was quantitated by a plaque assay in the frhk-4 cell line. hav was concentrated by glass powder adsorption-elution from 20-liter samples with satisfactory efficiencies in all types of water: 100% for tap wat ... | 1991 | 1650787 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit: risk factors for transmission and evidence of prolonged viral excretion among preterm infants. | an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) provided the opportunity to examine the duration of hav excretion in infants and the mechanisms by which hav epidemics are propagated in nicus. the outbreak affected 13 nicu infants (20%), 22 nicu nurses (24%), 8 other staff caring for nicu infants, and 4 household contacts; 2 seropositive infants (primary cases) received blood transfusions from a donor with hav infection. risk factors for infection among n ... | 1991 | 1651359 |
| the hepatitis a virus polyprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus undergoes proteolytic processing and assembly into viruslike particles. | hepatitis a virus (hav) contains a single-stranded, plus-sense rna genome with a single long open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of approximately 250 kda. viral structural proteins are generated by posttranslational proteolytic processing of this polyprotein. we constructed recombinant vaccinia viruses which expressed the hav polyprotein (rv-orf) and the p1 structural region (rv-p1). rv-orf-infected cell lysates demonstrated that the polyprotein was cleaved into immunoreactive 29- and 33-k ... | 1991 | 1651421 |
| characterization of hepatitis a virus capsid proteins with antisera raised to recombinant antigens. | the capsid proteins of hepatitis a virus (hav) were expressed as fusion proteins of beta-galactosidase in e. coli using the expression vector lambda gt11. four fusion proteins were stably expressed and used to immunize rabbits to obtain mono-specific antisera. the antisera were unable to neutralize viral infectivity or react with hav by radioimmunoassay. three of the antisera were able to recognize hav antigens in infected bs-c-1 cells by immunofluorescence and denatured capsid proteins by immun ... | 1991 | 1651950 |
| large-scale purification of inactivated hepatitis a virus by centrifugation in non-ionic gradients. | formalin-inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) can be purified for vaccine preparation by centrifugation in renografin-76 (diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium) gradients. both continuous-flow rate-zonal and isopycnic methods were used for the separation of a major antigen component from minor antigen and host protein. the major antigen component, which appeared to contain complete virions by electron microscopy, could be recovered from gradients and accounted for approximately one third o ... | 1991 | 1651954 |
| [the chronic course of spontaneous and experimental hepatitis a in rhesus monkeys with viral persistence]. | the prolonged (up to 2 years) complex observation of 11 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with spontaneous hepatitis a and 14 rhesus macaques with experimental hepatitis a developing after their intravenous and/or oral infection with human hepatitis a virus (hav). both natural and experimental infection took a chronic course (15-18 months). in 13 monkeys showing morphological changes in the liver during the whole period of the disease elevated enzyme levels in the blood and virus shedding in fece ... | 1991 | 1653510 |
| identification and characterization of incomplete hepatitis a virus particles. | the range of hepatitis a virus (hav) particles generated during persistent infection of different cell lines was studied. buoyant density and sedimentation analyses of cell extracts revealed a uniform profile of particles in all cell lines analysed except for bs-c-1 cells. the virion itself usually represented less than 50% of the total mass of virus antigen. a major portion of the antigen was associated with non-infectious, empty particles, which banded at 1.305 g/ml and 1.20 g/ml cscl, and sed ... | 1991 | 1654375 |
| a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis a virus structural polypeptides: characterization and demonstration of protective immunogenicity. | a recombinant vaccinia virus containing most of the p1 region of hepatitis a virus (hav) was constructed. cell lysates of cultures infected with the virus contained hav proteins detectable by radioimmunoassay. western blot analysis revealed the presence of a single protein of mr 60k to 62k, bearing epitopes from structural polypeptides vp4, -3 and -2, and the n terminus of vp1. the size of the protein suggests that at least some of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase is also expressed. inoculati ... | 1991 | 1654376 |
| the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna: secondary structure and elements required for translation in vitro. | although the lengthy 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntrs) of other picornaviral rnas form highly ordered structures with important functions in viral translation, little is known about the 5'ntr of hepatitis a virus (hav). we determined the nearly complete 5'ntr nucleotide sequences of two genetically divergent hav strains (pa21 and cf53) and included these data in a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the hav 5'ntr. we identified covariant nucleotide substitutions predictive of conserved secondar ... | 1991 | 1656072 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus proteins in infected bs-c-1 cells. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is distinguished from other picornaviruses by its tropism for the liver in infected hosts, a nonlytic infection in hepatocytes, and a slow and nonlytic growth cycle in cultured cells. although the genome structure and organization of hav appear to be similar to those of the other picornaviruses, the viral proteins synthesized in infected cells have not been previously characterized. we have utilized specific antisera raised in rabbits to recombinant hav proteins expressed ... | 1991 | 1656592 |
| a simplified multiwell plate assay for the measurement of hepatitis a virus infectivity. | a standardized multiwell plate assay (mwpa) was developed to provide a simple in situ measurement of hepatitis a virus (hav) infectivity titers. following attachment (4 h, 35 degrees c) of serial 10-fold dilutions of hav strain cr326 f (variant f') to confluent mrc-5 monolayers in 24-well plates, cultures were overlaid with maintenance medium and incubated for 35 days at 35 degrees c with weekly medium replacement. cells were fixed with 90% acetone and hav antigen was quantitated by reaction wit ... | 1991 | 1659431 |
| hepatitis a virus attachment to cultured cell lines. | identification of a hepatitis a virus (hav) receptor is important for understanding hav tissue tropism and replication sites and in the design of vaccines and antiviral therapy. the attachment of hav to cultured cell lines was evaluated: calcium-dependent specific attachment of four hav strains to permissive cells occurred, whereas binding to nonpermissive cells did not. investigation of hav antigenic variant strains (neutralization escape mutants) demonstrated identical attachment properties wi ... | 1991 | 1659597 |
| concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus and rotavirus from shellfish by hybridization tests. | a modified polyethylene glycol precipitation method for concentration of virus followed by a new method to recover nucleic acid was used to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) and rotavirus (sa11) in shellfish (oysters and hard-shell clams) by hybridization tests. infectious virus, seeded into relatively large quantities of shellfish, was recovered consistently, with greater than 90% efficiency as measured by either in situ hybridization (hav) or plaque assay (rotavirus sa11). viral nucleic acid for ... | 1991 | 1660697 |
| a rapid method for determination of endoproteinase substrate specificity: specificity of the 3c proteinase from hepatitis a virus. | the preferred amino acid residues at the p'1 and p'2 positions of peptide substrates of the 3c proteinase from hepatitis a virus (hav-3c) have been determined by a rapid screening method. the enzyme was presented with two separate mixtures of n-terminal acetylated peptides, which were identical in sequence except for the amino acids at the p'1 or p'2 positions, where a set of 15 or 16 amino acids was introduced. enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the peptide mixtures generated free amino termini, wh ... | 1991 | 1662396 |
| prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus, hepatitis b virus, and treponema pallidum in mauritius. | a seroepidemiological study on the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and treponema pallidum was conducted in various groups of the population of the state of mauritus (islands of mauritus and rodrigues). 618 sera were tested. the overall prevalence of anti-hav was 86.1% and yielded and age-dependent increase. serological evidence for acute or chronic hbv infection was found in 3.8%; 4.5% were positive for anti-hbc alone, and in 12.6% past hbv infec ... | 1991 | 1662829 |
| immunogenicity trial of inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in human volunteers. | an inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine was tested on a group of human adult volunteers. the vaccine was administered subcutaneously, and a control group received a placebo (aluminium hydroxide). the vaccine was found to be relatively well tolerated and non-reactogenic, and levels of anti-hav were comparable to those in other studies. | 1991 | 1663301 |
| occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and antigens associated with hepatitis a virus in shellfish. | an investigation was carried out over a one year period to examine jointly the occurrence of faecal bacteria, salmonella and the presence of antigens associated with the hepatitis a virus (hav) in oysters (crassostrea gigas), mussels (mytilus edulis, mytilus galloprovincialis) and cockles (cerastoderma edule), taken from 8 shellfish farming areas or natural beds along the french coast. for the faecal coliforms (fc) and faecal streptococci (fs), statistical analysis of the 176 samples examined sh ... | 1991 | 1663750 |
| [the use of lanthanide immunofluorescence analysis for demonstrating the antigen of viral hepatitis a]. | the study dealt with the development of an express method for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) antigen employing lantanides, especially europium. the new time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (trfia), alongside with a significant shortening of the time for reaction, was also 8 times as sensitive as the analogous enzyme immunoassay. the trfia may be used effectively both for control of the antigen amplification in hav-infected cell culture and for early diagnosis of acute forms of viral hepatitis a ... | 1991 | 1664554 |
| antiviral activity of carrageenan on hepatitis a virus replication in cell culture. | sulphated polysaccharides such as iota-, lambda- and kappa-carrageenans showed a potent inhibitory effect on the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the human hepatoma cell line plc/prf/5. no cytotoxic effects were detected with concentrations of carrageenans up to 200 micrograms/ml. the selectivity indices of these substances, calculated as the ratio of the dose that reduced the number of viable cells to 50% (cd50) to the effective dose that inhibited 50% of viral antigen expression (ed50 ... | 1991 | 1665574 |
| genetic variability within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna. implications for secondary structure and function. | the rna genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) contains a lengthy and relatively well conserved 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr). in other picornaviruses, the 5'ntr has been shown to have important functions related to the initiation of viral translation and replication of viral rna, functions which are critically dependent on both primary and secondary rna structure. we have utilized a phylogenetic approach to construct a model of the secondary structure of the hav 5'ntr. by comparing the nucleotide ... | 1991 | 1668324 |
| identification of hepatitis a virus as a trigger for autoimmune chronic hepatitis type 1 in susceptible individuals. | to identify factors contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (cah) healthy relatives of 13 patients with the disorder were followed prospectively for 4 years. 58 relatives were monitored for various serological markers and for t-lymphocyte migration inhibitory activity every 2 months. 3 cases of subclinical acute hepatitis a occurred during the study. in 2 of the 3 subjects, before hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, there was a defect in suppressor-inducer t lympho ... | 1991 | 1673738 |
| hepatitis a virus infection in taipei city in 1989. | to evaluate the current status of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, a seroepidemiologic study to detect the prevalence of antibodies against hav (anti-hav) has conducted in taipei city, from march to july, 1989. serum specimens were collected from 602 male and 503 female apparently healthy children age 12 and under. the prevalence rate of anti-hav was 27.5% in infants, and decreased to nearly 0% in preschool and early school children up to 10 years old. compared to a previous study in the same ... | 1991 | 1678406 |
| prophylactic treatment regimens for the prevention of hepatitis a. current concepts. | hepatitis a virus (hav) occurs worldwide. in developing countries the virus is endemic, with the majority of the population being exposed to it in childhood, when the infection usually causes, at the most, a mild anicteric illness. in developed countries the majority of hav infections occur at a later age, often in adults, especially those with a history of recent travel to developing countries. in adults, hav infection usually causes a symptomatic icteric illness. in addition to community sanit ... | 1991 | 1715265 |
| [synthesis and immunochemical properties of oligopeptides--fragments of capsid proteins of the hepatitis a virus]. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid protein vp1, vp2 and vp3 are exposed at the virion surface and should therefore contain antigenic determinants. algorithms for hydrophilicity, antigenicity and flexibility were used to predict probable antigenic sites. synthesis of 7- to 23-membered overlapping peptides from seven sites, viz., 1-11, 1-17, 2-33, 11-25, 73-82, 76-86, 98-109, 98-112, 102-107, 102-108, 108-127, 113-123, 118-140, 276-298 from vp1, 42-62 from vp2, 76-85 from vp3, and 1-23 from vp4, w ... | 1991 | 1724368 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection: a comparative seroepidemiological study (1979 vs 1989) in north-east italy. | a comparative seroepidemiological study (1979 vs 1989) on hav infection, was carried out in children and adolescents from north-east italy. anti-hav was tested in 850 subjects 6 to 8 years of age and the results were compared to those observed in 1979, in 462 subjects of the same age range and from the same geographical area. overall anti-hav prevalence was 1.9% (ranging from 0.5 to 5.2) in 1989 vs 32.5% (ranging from 7.8 to 70.7) in 1979. this dramatic decline of hav infection in children and a ... | 1991 | 1742523 |
| epidemiologic patterns of wild-type hepatitis a virus determined by genetic variation. | hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates from different parts of the world are a single serotype. however, genetic analysis of the vp1 genome region of published hav sequences suggested that distinct genotypes of hav could be defined based upon the geographic source of the original isolates. to circumvent the process of cell culture adaptation or animal passage, a 247-bp segment within the vp1 genome region of wild-type hav was amplified by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction amp ... | 1991 | 1846392 |
| rapid completion of the replication cycle of hepatitis a virus subsequent to reversal of guanidine inhibition. | the single-cycle replication kinetics of hepatitis a virus (hav: hm175 p39) in bs-c-1 cells were examined by rna hybridization and vp1 immunoblot assays. viral products accumulated after 4 days of lag phase and reached a plateau by 12 days postinfection. defective, subgenomic rnas were not detected by northern blot analysis of cytoplasmic extracts from infected cells or purified virions. replication of this hav strain was markedly inhibited by 2 mm guanidine. neither the virion itself nor the ad ... | 1991 | 1846497 |
| a simple antigen-reduction assay for the measurement of neutralizing antibodies to hepatitis a virus. | a simplified hepatitis a virus (hav) antigen-reduction neutralization assay (havarna) was developed to permit the measurement of biologically active antibodies in recipients of candidate hav vaccines. degrees of neutralization were measured from the reduction in the amount of hav antigen synthesized by 7-10 days after infection of mrc-5 (fetal human diploid lung) cell cultures. sera producing a greater than or equal to 50% reduction in viral infectivity were scored as neutralizing. the assay was ... | 1991 | 1847404 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine in seronegative volunteers. | seronegative adults were enrolled in a dose-escalating study of a live attenuated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine that was prepared from the f' variant of hav strain cr326f. they were injected subcutaneously with 10(4.1), 10(5.2), 10(6.1), or 10(7.3) tcid 50 of hav vaccine (n = 40) or with placebo (n = 12) and were followed for 6 months. none of the vaccine recipients developed significant systemic reactions or aminotransferase elevations. hav was not isolated in cell culture from any postvaccin ... | 1991 | 1849160 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus and other enteroviruses in water by ssrna probes. | sensitive and specific methods are needed to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) and other human enteroviruses in environmental samples such as drinking water and foods. clones of cdna encoding the 5'-most 1 kb of the hav and coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) genomes were subcloned into t7/sp6 rna transcription vectors. in vitro transcribed rna from the t7 promoter detected their respective hav or cb3 genomic rna. conversely, sp6 transcripts detected viral negative-stranded rna but not the genome. when both ss ... | 1991 | 1849914 |
| the 5'-terminal nucleotides of hepatitis a virus rna, but not poliovirus rna, are required for infectivity. | a series of plasmids containing hepatitis a virus (hav) cdna was constructed such that positive-strand hav rna could be transcribed with t7 rna polymerase. the plasmids differed in the number of 5'-terminal nucleotides representing the junctions between vectors and hav sequences that were present in the transcripts. when these transcripts were used to transfect cultured bs-c-1 cells, it was found that only those transcripts that contained all of the 5'-terminal hav nucleotides, in addition to on ... | 1991 | 1850050 |
| translation of hepatitis a virus rna in vitro: aberrant internal initiations influenced by 5' noncoding region. | hepatitis a virus (hav) rnas were translated in vitro in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. the pattern of proteins synthesized from full-length hav rna was highly complex, consisting of a continuous spectrum of polypeptides ranging from less than 20,000 to greater than 200,000 da. the pattern was not significantly altered by varying incubation times, ion, or other reaction parameters, or by the addition of hela or bs-c-1 cell extracts to the translation reactions. plasmids engineered with mutations i ... | 1991 | 1850924 |
| [a comparative study of the sensitivity and specific activity of an immunoenzyme test system for determining class-m antibodies to the hepatitis a virus]. | the diagnostic value of the first experimental production batches of assay kit "diagn-a-hep", produced at the institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides (ussr acad. med. sci.) and intended for the determination of igm to hepatitis a virus (hav) in the enzyme immunoassay (eia), has been studied in comparison with that of the internationally known and widely approved commercial eia system "havab-meia" for the determination of antibodies to hav (the product of abbott, usa). the study has r ... | 1991 | 1882626 |
| treatment of fulminant viral hepatic failure with prostaglandin e. a preliminary report. | the effect of prostaglandins (pg) in patients with fulminant and subfulminant viral hepatitis was studied. seventeen patients presented with fhf secondary to hepatitis a (n = 3), hepatitis b (n = 6) and non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis (n = 8). fourteen of the 17 patients had stage iii or iv hepatic encephalopathy (he). at presentation, the mean ast was 1844 +/- 1246 units/liter, bilirubin 232 +/- 135 mumol/liter, pt 34 +/- 18 and ptt 73 +/- 26 sec, and coagulation factors v and vii were 8 +/- 4 an ... | 1991 | 1903342 |
| detection of anti-hepatitis c virus antibody in fulminant hepatic failure. | serial serum samples obtained from 27 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in a variety of etiology were tested for anti-hepatitis c virus antibody (anti-hcv) with uses of two different assay systems. the incidence of anti-hcv in patients with fhf due to hepatitis b (ortho test system; 7/11, 63.6%: abbott test system; 9/11, 81.8%) was found to be significantly higher than that in acute hbv hepatitis (ortho test system; 0/17, 0%) (p less than 0.001). in particular, all 3 post-transfusion ... | 1991 | 1909270 |
| hepatitis a and b infections in transfusion-dependent thalassaemia from endemic areas. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of previous hepatitis a virus (hav) and b virus (hbv) infection which is in 64 transfusion-dependent (td) patients with thalassaemia including 26 patients who were transfused before blood donors were screened for hbv. serial blood samples taken from these 64 patients and 10 non-td beta-thalassaemia intermedia patients during a 3 year period, were tested for antibody to hav (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hbsag (an ... | 1991 | 1958422 |
| dissociation of alanine aminotransferase values in acute hepatitis a patients with and without past experience to the hepatitis b virus. | serological markers and peak serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) values of 140 in-patients with acute hepatitis, either type a (n = 90), or type b (n = 50) were prospectively assessed. in 23 out of the 90 patients with acute hepatitis a, evidence of previous experience with hepatitis b virus (hbv) was found, whereas 35 out of the 50 patients with acute hepatitis b had past contact with hepatitis a virus (hav). the mean peak alt values [s.d.] were significantly higher in hepatitis a patients wit ... | 1991 | 2019305 |
| an outbreak of acute hepatitis a infection in rural saudi arabia. | in areas of hyperendemicity of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, acquisition of immunity occurs relatively early in life. in such populations epidemic outbreaks are rare. a recent hav infection outbreak occurred in the al-dahnah district in saudi arabia. in thirty day period, 23 children and adolescents were diagnosed by clinical examination. 19 of these were positive for igm anti-hav. concomitant acute infections with the epstein bar virus (ebv) was documented in 4 of these patients. a limited ... | 1990 | 2075630 |
| correlation of hepatitis b surface antigen clearance with the route of hepatitis b virus infection. | we studied 563 consecutive adults with acute hepatitis b hospitalized from may 1981 to may 1983 and their habitual heterosexual partners. radio-immunoassays for the detection of serological markers of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) and enzyme-immunoassay for the detection of igm antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (igm anti-hbc) were used. of the 563 patients, 503 (89.7%) were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) positive and 60 (10.7%) were hbsag negative on admission. abse ... | 1990 | 2103406 |
| anti-hepatitis c virus antibody prevails in fulminant hepatic failure. | serial serum samples obtained from 27 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in a variety of etiology were tested for anti-hepatitis c virus antibody (anti-hcv). seven out of 10 patients (70%) with fhf due to hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection were positive for anti-hcv, showing a significantly higher rate than that in acute hbv hepatitis (0/17, 0%): in particular, all 3 post-transfusion hbv-fhf cases were found to be positive for the antibody. the incidence of anti-hcv in sporadic non-a n ... | 1990 | 2106465 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | serum specimens from 111 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infected and 183 hiv-1 seronegative patients were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by enzyme linked immunoassay (elisa) and radioimmunoassay. anti-hcv and anti-hbv antibodies were found in the vast majority (89 and 83%, respectively) of intravenous drug addicts (ivda), independent of the type of drug abuse or whether the patients were hiv-1 infected or not. ... | 1990 | 2127586 |
| 19s and 7-8s forms of igm antibody to hepatitis b core antigen in acute icteric hepatitis superimposed on hepatitis b surface antigen carriage. | the 19s and 7-8s forms of igm antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (igm anti-hbc) were separated by rate-zonal centrifugation from the serum of 20 greek hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers with a superimposed acute icteric hepatitis positive for igm anti-hbc by a radioimmunoassay. serological markers of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) infections were detected with radioimmunoassays and serum hbv dna was detected with molecular hybridization t ... | 1990 | 2127587 |
| incidence of different types of viral hepatitis in delhi, uttar pradesh and rajasthan areas. | a total of 428 sera samples from patients of acute sporadic viral hepatitis collected from delhi (172), uttar pradesh (192) and rajasthan (64) were tested for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers. non a non b was diagnosed by exclusion. the prevalence of hav, hbv and non a non b in such cases was almost comparable at three places. the prevalence of hav ranged between 15.7 and 20.3 per cent, hbv between 41.3 and 51.6 per cent while non a non b ranged between 28.1 and 43 per ... | 1990 | 2129122 |
| persistence of hepatitis a virus in fulminant hepatitis and after liver transplantation. | a peroxidase-labelled, specific mouse monoclonal antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) and an in situ hybridization technique (streptavidin-biotin-horseradish peroxidase reaction) with an hav-specific cdna probe (recombinant plasmid pawha comprising 1.8 kb of the hav-specific cdna, located toward the 3' end of the genome) were used to detect hav in liver tissues in two patients with fulminant viral hepatitis type a treated by liver transplantation after a protracted (day 40: case 1) and relapsing ... | 1990 | 2156006 |
| protracted alanine aminotransferase levels in tamarins infected with hepatitis a virus. | eighteen red-bellied tamarins (saguinus labiatus), experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus (hav), were followed for up to 1.5 years after initial challenge. half of these animals developed protracted alanine aminotransferase (alt) abnormalities, which lasted for between 23 and 55 weeks post-challenge. igm anti-hav was detected intermittently during the early phase of their relapsing hepatitis and never after return of alt levels to normal. the possibility that these findings may be relate ... | 1990 | 2156008 |
| construction of recombinant dna molecules by the use of a single stranded dna generated by the polymerase chain reaction: its application to chimeric hepatitis a virus/poliovirus subgenomic cdna. | in order to study the importance of vp4 in picornavirus replication and translation, we replaced the hepatitis a virus (hav) vp4 with the poliovirus (pv1) vp4. using a modification of oligonucleotide site directed mutagenesis and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we created a subgenomic cdna chimera of hepatitis a virus in which the precise sequences coding for hav vp4 capsid protein were replaced by the sequences coding for the poliovirus vp4 capsid protein. the method involved the use of pc ... | 1990 | 2156236 |