Publications

competitive interactions of chlorinated phenol compounds with 3,3',5-triiodothyronine binding to transthyretin: detection of possible thyroid-disrupting chemicals in environmental waste water.	chlorinated phenol compounds, such as the chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol a, have been detected in effluents from paper manufacturing plants. we investigated the effects of bisphenol a, nonylphenol, and their seven chlorinated derivatives on 3,3',5-[(125)i]triiodothyronine ([(125)i]t(3)) binding to purified chicken and bullfrog transthyretin (cttr and bttr) and to the ligand-binding domains of chicken and bullfrog thyroid hormone receptor beta (ctr lbd and btr lbd). the concentrations at wh ...	2003	12649043
vascular endothelial growth factor: a regulator of vascular morphogenesis in the japanese quail embryo.	experiments in mouse embryos indicate that a critical level of vegf is required for normal vascular development, as mice lacking a single vegf allele die at midgestation. thus vegf concentration may be a determinant of the size and location of major blood vessels during formation of the primary capillary plexus. ectopic vegf delivery was used to examine the effect of vegf concentration on early vascular patterning in the quail embryo. vegf was delivered by implanting vegf-soaked heparin chromato ...	2003	12704698
cloning of a partial cdna for japanese quail thyroid-stimulating hormone and effects of methimazole on the thyroid and reproductive axes.	the purposes of this study were to develop a probe for the detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) beta subunit mrna, to validate the usefulness of that probe in measuring tsh, and to use it to investigate the effects of thyroid suppression on tsh and the reproductive axis in japanese quail. the objectives of experiment 1 were to isolate and characterize a partial cdna for quail tsh and validate a riboprobe transcribed from this cdna. this riboprobe was then used to assess changes in tshb ...	2003	12705397
maternal dietary lipids alter bone chemical composition, mechanical properties, and histological characteristics of progeny of japanese quail.	this study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary lipids on chemical components and mechanical and histological properties of tibia in progeny of japanese quail fed different dietary lipids. laying hens were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil (sbo), hydrogenated soybean oil (hsbo), chicken fat (cf), or menhaden fish oil (fo) at 50 g/kg of the diet. the various maternal dietary lipid treatments did not affect growth of progeny at any developmental stage. there were no differences i ...	2003	12705408
protein s100 immunoreactivity in glial cells and neurons of the japanese quail brain.	in mammals, sparse data illustrated the neuronal expression of s100 protein in central and peripheral nervous system. similar studies have not been performed in other vertebrate species, in particular in birds. we provide here a detailed description of the distribution of the calcium-binding protein s100 in neuronal and glial elements in the central nervous system of an avian species, the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) largely used for neuroanatomical and functional studies. the distribution ...	2003	12706207
cellulitis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a case of cellulitis was observed in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared for commercial meat production. this condition in japanese quail has not been reported in the literature. this incident was the first, and to date only, occurrence of cellulitis in this processing plant. the cellulitis lesions were localized to the subcutis overlying the breast and inner thigh. carcasses of processed birds and live birds from the affected farm were presented to the poultry diagnostic and rese ...	2003	12713180
cloning of the genes for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunits in the japanese crested ibis, nipponia nippon.	we have isolated a part of the gene for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit (pghalpha) and the whole gene for the follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshbeta) in the japanese crested ibis (nipponia nippon), a critically endangered bird species in east asia. the nucleotide sequence of a part of the pghalpha gene (5026 bp) contained three exons holding the whole coding and 3' untranslated regions, but lacked a 5' untranslated region. its exon-intron structure was similar ...	2003	12719648
long-term supplementation of various dietary lipids alters bone mineral content, mechanical properties and histological characteristics of japanese quail.	the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term supplementation of fat in the diets on the fatty acid composition, chemical, mechanical, and histological properties of tibial bone. month-old male japanese quail were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil (sbo), hydrogenated soybean oil (hsbo), chicken fat (cf), or menhaden fish oil (fo) at 50 g/kg of the diet and maintained on these diets for 7 mo. lipid treatments did not affect body weight, food intake, tibial len ...	2003	12762407
replication and transmission of influenza viruses in japanese quail.	quail have emerged as a potential intermediate host in the spread of avian influenza a viruses in poultry in hong kong. to better understand this possible role, we tested the replication and transmission in quail of influenza a viruses of all 15 ha subtypes. quail supported the replication of at least 14 subtypes. influenza a viruses replicated predominantly in the respiratory tract. transmission experiments suggested that perpetuation of avian influenza viruses in quail requires adaptation. swi ...	2003	12788625
avian melanocortin system: alpha-msh may act as an autocrine/paracrine hormone: a minireview.	the interest in the physiological role of alpha-msh in birds has been limited because they lack the intermediate lobe of the pituitary, the main source of circulating alpha-msh in most vertebrates. recent studies have improved our understanding of the avian melanocortin system. we have cloned and characterized all five mc-r subtypes, pomc, and agrp in chicken. analyses of the tissue distribution of expression of these genes revealed widespread expression throughout the body, corresponding to the ...	2003	12851337
reproductive aging in female birds.	birds are underutilized as animal models for studying the basis of longevity, cellular adaptations for resisting oxidative damage, and delayed reproductive senescence. reproductive aging patterns in female birds range from slightly slower than those in rodents of similar size to extremely slow or even negligible. the best-studied laboratory bird model of female reproductive aging is the relatively short-lived, rapidly aging domestic laying hen. promising long-lived avian models for the prolongat ...	2003	12855282
reduction of salmonella in gnotobiotic japanese quails caused by the enterocin a-producing ek13 strain of enterococcus faecium.	the effect of the enterocin a-producing ek strain of enterococcus faecium on salmonella dusseldorf sa31 was tested in gnotobiotic japanese quails. sixteen 3-day-old gnotobiotic japanese quails, hatched from disinfected eggs placed in sterile boxes, were divided into two groups of 8 birds: a control group, which was inoculated orally with the sa31 strain (1 x 10(7) cfu/ml), and the experimental group, which was inoculated orally with 200 microl of e. faecium (1 x 10(9) cfu/ml), 16 h before infect ...	2003	12872827
invasion of salmonella enteritidis in the tissues of reproductive organs in laying japanese quail: an immunocytochemical study.	the aim of this study was to determine whether salmonella enteritidis (se) inoculated into the peritoneal cavity would colonize tissues of reproductive organs in japanese quail hens. quail hens regularly laying were intraperitoneally inoculated with 5 x 10(7) or 5 x 10(8) se cells, and the ovary, oviduct, kidney, spleen, liver, and large intestine were excised 24 or 48 h after the treatment. paraffin sections of these organs were immunostained for se. invasion of se was found in the tissues of t ...	2003	12872975
impact of egg storage on carbonic anhydrase activity during early embryogenesis in the turkey.	carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that plays important roles in the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, acid-base balance, and in subembryonic fluid formation in the early japanese quail embryo. while turkey egg storage longer than 10 d is known to increase the rate of embryo mortality, little is known of the biological mechanisms that contribute to this phenomenon. in this study, we examined the impact of turkey egg storage on carbonic anhydrase activity in the freshly laid egg through 7 ...	2003	12872979
[comparative compositional mapping of chicken and quail chromosomes].	the distribution of various isochore families on mitotic chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail was studied by the method of fluorescence in situ dna--dna hybridization (fish). dna of various isochore families was shown to be distributed irregularly and similarly on chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail. the gc-rich isochore families (h2, h3, and h4) hybridized mainly to microchromosomes and a majority of macrochromosome telomeric regions. in chicken, an intense fluoresc ...	2003	12884522
a model of avian mycobacteriosis: clinical and histopathologic findings in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) intravenously inoculated with mycobacterium avium.	mycobacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in birds and a considerable diagnostic challenge until the disease is advanced. in order to develop more clinically useful antemortem tests, a biological model was created that replicated naturally occurring disease. japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica; n = 8) were inoculated intravenously with mycobacterium avium. two additional birds served as uninoculated controls. mean survival time of the inoculated birds was ...	2003	12887203
diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis: comparison of culture, acid-fast stains, and polymerase chain reaction for the identification of mycobacterium avium in experimentally inoculated japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in this study we compared culture, acid-fast stains, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of acid-fast organisms in fecal and tissue samples from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) that were experimentally inoculated intravenously with mycobacterium avium. for culture, three different culture media (modified herrold egg yolk with mycobactin; lowenstein-jensen [l-j]; and l-j with cyclohexamide, naladixic acid, and lincomycin) were tested to determine which medium had the ...	2003	12887204
in vivo release of oxytetracycline from a biodegradable controlled-release gel injected subcutaneously in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a long-acting, biodegradable, controlled-release formulation of oxytetracycline (cr-otc) was evaluated in 18 adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) following a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. prior to characterizing the release of oxytetracycline (otc) from the cr-otc, the pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously (i.v.) administered otc were determined. concentrations of free otc were measured using a bioassay. the plasma concentration-time profile of otc after a single i.v. ...	2003	12887604
protective effect of modified glucomannans against aurofusarin-induced changes in quail egg and embryo.	the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of modified glucomannans (mycosorb) on egg yolk and liver of the day-old quail after aurofusarin inclusion in the maternal diet. fifty-four 45-day-old japanese quail were divided into three groups and were fed ad libitum a corn-soya diet balanced in all nutrients. the diet of the experimental quail was supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin or with aurofusari ...	2003	12927908
relaxant effects of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptides on oviduct motility in birds and mammals: possible role of nitric oxide.	parathyroid hormone (pth) and pth-related peptides (pthrp) have previously been shown to modulate the contractile state of numerous types of smooth muscle. the effects of n-terminal pth and pthrp on spontaneous in vitro contractility of oviducal smooth muscle using tissues from egg-laying japanese quail (10-15 h post ovulation), 4 and 9 days pregnant mouse uterus were investigated. myometrial tissues from both species contracted vigorously for several hours, when incubated in organ baths in de j ...	2003	12928013
aflp linkage map of the japanese quail coturnix japonica.	the quail is a valuable farm and laboratory animal. yet molecular information about this species remains scarce. we present here the first genetic linkage map of the japanese quail. this comprehensive map is based solely on amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. these markers were developed and genotyped in an f2 progeny from a cross between two lines of quail differing in stress reactivity. a total of 432 polymorphic aflp markers were detected with 24 taqi/ecori primer combinati ...	2003	12939205
specific innervation of aromatase neurons by substance p fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in quail.	the enzyme aromatase catalyzes the production of estrogens in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where most of the nociceptive primary afferent fibers terminate. numerous estrogen receptors are present in this area and the control of spinal aromatase activity is thought to play an important role in the estrogenic control of nociception. the coexistence of aromatase and nociceptive terminals suggests a role for aromatase cells in pain-related processes, but whether terminals releasing nociceptive ...	2003	12949789
effect of beta-carotene supplementation on plasma and yolk igy levels induced by ndv vaccination in japanese quail.	newly hatched japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing different levels of retinoids (vitamin a) or beta-carotene. group a received a commercial diet containing 10,000 iu vitamin a per kilogram. the diets of groups b, c, and d contained no vitamin a but were supplemented with 1-, 2.5-, and 5-fold retinol equivalents of beta-carotene. each group contained 16 quails in a 1:1 sex ratio. at 8 weeks of age the quails were immunized orally with newcastle disease vir ...	2003	12951901
japanese quail (coturnix japonica) inseminations are more likely to fertilize eggs in a context predicting mating opportunities.	theoretical developments in behavioural ecology have generated increased interest in the proximate mechanisms underlying fertilization, but little is known about how fertilization success is regulated by cues from the external or social environment in males and females. here, we use a pavlovian conditioning paradigm to show that inseminations resulting from mating male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) are more likely to fertilize eggs when they occur in a context predicting that an ...	2003	12964995
effect of onion (allium cepa linn.) and garlic (allium sativum linn.) on plasma triglyceride content in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonicum).	dietary onion and garlic caused an increase in the level of plasma triglyceride which could be due to insulin like activity of dietary alliums and other factors that promote lipogenesisi in growing stages. changes in the plasma triglyceride level in the control group due to change in age and sex were also noted. the triglyceride level was more in female birds when compared to males of similar age group. the plasma trigelyceride level increased with age in both sex except for the level being simi ...	2003	15267143
deuterium-free water (1h2o) in complex life-support systems of long-term space missions.	heavy water containing deuterium displays toxic property. it is stated that any quantity of a heavy isotope of hydrogen--deuterium--is undesirable to animals and plants. it was earlier shown by us that physical-chemical life support systems on board the "mir" station fractionate (change) isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. therefore, the problem of regenerative systems in habitable space objects should include removal, from water, of a heavy stable isotope of hydrogen--deuterium. in this ar ...	2003	12575722
relative contributions of the male and the female to sexual behavior and reproductive success in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	two contrasting investigative techniques provided evidence consistent with the interpretation that female quail (coturnix japonica) regulate male copulatory behavior by the duration of their immobility and through this behavioral mechanism they also control the rate of fertilization of their eggs. in experiment 1, copulation tests with males and females from different genetic lines showed that the type of female that participated in a copulatory test significantly influenced the latency of the m ...	2003	14717640
melatonin supplementation can ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat stress on performance and carcass traits of japanese quail.	melatonin, the major pineal hormone, modulates growth in poultry by influencing hormones involved in growth. we investigated the effects of dietary melatonin supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and excretion of nitrogen and some minerals in broiler japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high-ambient-temperature stress (34 degrees c). one hundred twenty japanese quails (10 d old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. the ...	2003	14716096
the neuroendocrinology of reproductive behavior in japanese quail.	sex steroid hormones such as testosterone have widespread effects on brain physiology and function but one of their best characterized effects arguably involves the activation of male sexual behavior. during the past 20 years we have investigated the testosterone control of male sexual behavior in an avian species, the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). we briefly review here the main features and advantages of this species relating to the investigation of fundamental questions in the field of ...	2003	12963100
behavioural investigation of polarisation sensitivity in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the european starling (sturnus vulgaris).	many animals have sensitivity to the e-vector of linearly polarised light, which may assist in visually mediated behaviours such as navigation, signalling and foraging. however, it is still controversial as to whether birds possess polarisation sensitivity. several studies have found that altering the polarisation patterns of the broad visual field surrounding birds alters their intended migratory orientation. however, electrophysiological tests have failed to elicit evidence for polarisation se ...	2003	12909701
developmental changes in gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) hypothalamo-hypophysial system.	we previously isolated a novel dodecapeptide containing a c-terminal -arg-phe-nh(2) sequence, sikpsaylplrf-nh(2) (rfamide peptide), from the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) brain. this novel quail peptide was shown to be located in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (pvn) and their terminals in the median eminence (me), and to decrease gonadotropin release from cultured anterior pituitary in adult birds. we therefore designated this peptide gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih). furtherm ...	2003	12904178
in vivo antioxidant properties of vitamin e and chromium in cold-stressed japanese quails.	an experiment was conducted to determine if vitamin e (alpha-tocopherol-acetate) and chromium (chromium picolinate, cr pic) supplementation attenuate the negative effects of cold stress on egg production, egg quality, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status in japanese quails (corurnix coturnix japonica). one hundred and fifty laying japanese quails (50-day-old) were divided into five groups, 30 birds per group. the laying quails kept at 6 degrees c for 12 h/d (08.00 p.m. to 08.00 a.m.) were f ...	2003	12903865
effects of poppy seed meal on egg production and hatching results in quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	this study was carried out to determine the effects of poppy seed meal (psm) on the egg production and hatching of quail. two experiments were undertaken. in the first experiment, 240 quail, reared under the same conditions, were divided into four groups of 60 birds each (which were, in turn, subdivided into four subgroups of 15 each for experimental replicates). the first, second, and third experimental groups were fed ratios containing 5%, 15%, and 25% psm, respectively, over 12 weeks. the con ...	2003	12893163
the peri-albumen layer: a novel structure in the envelopes of an avian egg.	the present paper describes a novel structure, termed the peri-albumen layer, in the egg-envelopes of the quail coturnix japonica. it reacts with alcian blue and exists between the egg white and the shell membrane. ultrastructurally, it is of fine granular structure and forms a fenestrate sheet, the width of which is 190 nm or less. isolated materials of the peri-albumen layer include an alcian-blue-positive polysaccharide of 260 kda, and three glycoproteins of 160, 108 and 52 kda. the layer is ...	2003	12892410
effect of feeding time on the reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	several feeding regimens are applied to improve performance of fertile egg production during times of heat stress. during a period of heat stress (34 to 36 degrees c), two feeding periods were used to measure the impact of feeding time on reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix cotunix japonica) between 44 and 60 wk of age. each feeding time treatment had 25 individually caged male and female pairs. quail were fed ad libitum between 0600 to 1400 or 1400 to 2200 h daily. results indi ...	2003	12872978
effect of acetyl salicylic acid in drinking water on reproductive performance of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the impact of acetyl salicylic add (asa) on reproductive performance during periods of heat stress was studied in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). during a season when daily high temperatures averaged between 34 and 40 degrees c, four treatments each containing four replicates of five males and five females were given 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g/l asa in drinking water from 34 to 45 wk of age. at 39 wk of age control quail were lighter than quail fed asa. quail receiving 1.5 g/l asa exhibi ...	2003	12872976
effect of early feed restriction on reproductive performance in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	reproductive performance of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was evaluated following feed restriction (100, 85, and 70% of ad libitum) between 2 to 5 wk of age with three replicates of 12, 2-wk-old chicks per replicate. body weight, feed conversion, and leucocyte distribution were measured during feed restriction. after experimental feed treatment, bw, age at first egg, egg production, fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality were evaluated from five replicates of two females and one m ...	2003	12872974
vitellogenin transport and yolk formation in the quail ovary.	morphological and biochemical investigations were made on the yolk formation in ovaries of the quail coturnix japonica. morphologically, two ways of nutrient uptake were observed in follicles. in small oocytes of white follicles, vitellogenin (vtg) was taken up through fluid-phase endocytosis which was assisted by follicular lining bodies. the lining bodies were produced in follicle cells. they adhered to the lateral cell membrane, moved along the membrane in the direction of the enclosed oocyte ...	2003	12832822
variant of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zpc of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) lacking its cytoplasmic tail exhibits the retention in the endoplasmic reticulum of chinese hamster ovary (cho-k1) cells.	avian perivitelline membrane, an investment homologous to the mammalian zona pellucida, is composed of at least two glycoproteins. our previous studies demonstrated that one of its components, zpc, which is synthesized in the ovarian granulosa cells, is secreted after carboxy-terminal proteolytic processing, and this event is a prerequisite event for zpc secretion in quail. in the present study, we examined the role of the cytoplasmic tail, which is successfully removed after proteolytic process ...	2003	12801980
effects of probiotics: alone and in a mixture of biosacc plus zinc bacitracin on the caecal microflora of japanese quail.	the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two commercially available probiotics, alone and in combination with an antibiotic, on the caecal flora of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under unstressed conditions. thirty-four 90-day-old japanese quail were selected for this study. the birds were divided into four groups, two groups of nine birds and two groups of eight birds. the animals in these groups were given feed containing 0.5 kg per tonne of probiotics alone ...	2003	12801457
dietary vitamin c and folic acid supplementation ameliorates the detrimental effects of heat stress in japanese quail.	we evaluated the effects of vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid) and folic acid supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and concentrations of the oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (mda), homocysteine], adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), vitamins c, e, a, b-12 and folic acid, and mineral status in broiler japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to high ambient temperature (34 degrees c, 8 h/d, 0900-1700 h). the birds (n = 150; 10-d-old) kept at 34 degrees c were fed a ...	2003	12771333
distribution and origin of steroid hormones in the yolk of japanese quail eggs (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the yolk of avian eggs contains steroid hormones, which may influence the development and behaviour of hatched birds. the aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration as well as the distribution of various gonadal steroids in the yolk spheres of quail eggs. steroid concentrations of dissected yolk layers were analysed after alcoholic extraction using enzyme immunoassays (eias) for progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. to monitor the uptake of testosterone into the yolk ...	2003	12677460
effect of different dietary levels of yucca schidigera powder on the performance, blood parameters and egg yolk cholesterol of laying quails.	a total of 135 laying quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), 9 weeks old, were divided into three dietary treatment groups. three replicates were assigned to each treatment group consisting of 15 birds per cage. the diet was supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 ppm yucca schidigera powder and given ad libitum to the quails for a period of 14 weeks. body weight, egg production, feed consumption and feed efficiency were not different due to dietary treatments among the groups. increased egg weight was d ...	2003	12650503
asparagine-linked oligosaccharide-independent secretion of egg envelope glycoprotein zpc of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	in avian species, a glycoprotein homologous to mammalian zpc is synthesized in the granulosa cells of developing follicles. we have previously reported that the newly synthesized zpc (prozpc) in the granulosa cells is cleaved at the consensus furin cleavage site to generate mature zpc prior to secretion. in the present study, we examined the role of asparagine (n)-linked oligosaccharides in the proteolytic processing of prozpc and the subsequent secretion of zpc by using site-directed mutagenesi ...	2003	12600672
anatomical relationships between aromatase-immunoreactive neurons and nitric oxide synthase as evidenced by nos immunohistochemistry or nadph diaphorase histochemistry in the quail forebrain.	in japanese quail (coturnix japonica), previous studies indicated that the distribution of reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) diaphorase overlaps with steroid-sensitive areas that contain dense populations of aromatase-immunoreactive (aro-ir) cells. we investigated here the anatomical relationships between aromatase (aro) and nitric oxide synthase (nos)-containing cells that were visualized both by nos-immunohistochemistry and nadph-histochemistry. the distribution of aro-ir and ...	2003	12573458
extinction of conditioned sexual responses in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica): role of species-typical cues.	the authors examined how a conditioned stimulus (cs) that included species-typical cues affected the acquisition and extinction of conditioned sexual responses in male quail (coturnix japonica). some subjects were conditioned with a cs that supported sexual responses and included a taxidermic head of a female quail. others were conditioned with a similar cs that lacked species-typical cues. pairing the css with access to live females increased cs-directed behavior, with the head cs eliciting sig ...	2003	12735367
melatonin enhances cellular and humoral immune responses in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) via an opiatergic mechanism.	it is known that melatonin has important immunomodulatory properties in the japanese quail. however, the mechanism of melatonin action on the immune system is not clearly understood in avian species. in mammals, the immunostimulatory properties of melatonin are mediated by the release of opioid peptides from activated t-lymphocytes. the present study was performed to determine if these same melatonin-induced opioids (mio) are involved with the immunoenhancing effects of melatonin in quail. three ...	2003	12714007
presence and developmental regulation of serotonin n-acetyltransferase transcripts in oocytes and early quail embryos (coturnix coturnix japonica).	by rt-pcr two transcripts for arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat; serotonin n-acetyltransferase; ec 2.3.1.87), the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis, were found, for the first time, in the oocytes and blastoderms from freshly laid eggs (323- and 238-bp rt-pcr products), and one (238-bp product) in the pineal gland of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the two products differed by an intron of 85-bp present in the 323-bp band and absent from the 238-bp band. the identity of the ...	2003	12704723
a modified chorioallantoic membrane assay allows for specific detection of endothelial apoptosis induced by antiangiogenic substances.	current in vivo angiogenesis assays allow for the assessment of vascular growth inhibition induced by a test substance, but they usually do not provide information about the mechanisms underlying such an inhibition. a potential antiangiogenic mechanism is the triggering of endothelial apoptosis in the growing vessels. apoptogenic substances can be of interest for antiangiogenic therapy specially if they specifically perform their action on the angiogenic endothelium. we have developed a modifica ...	2003	15041801
short beak: a new autosomal recessive semilethal mutation in japanese quail.	short break (sbk) is a new semilethal mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the sbk individuals are characterized externally by short breaks, shanks, and digits. the shank is also thicker than the wild type. the shape of the mutant beak does not show a parrotlike appearance, contrasting with that of other poultry chondrodystrophic mutants reported in the literature. bones in the fore and hind limbs of the sbk mutant are also shorter than the wild types. the humerus and ulna in the wing ...	2003	9542163
light down lethal: a new autosomal recessive down color mutation in japanese quail.	a new plumage color mutation of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) was named "light down lethal" based on its light coloration of neonatal plumage and almost total mortality by 3 weeks of age. prehatch mortality of the light down lethal was also higher (36.8%) than the wild type (8.2%). the majority of the light down lethal chicks that hatched died within 1 week of age. among the 103 light down lethal chicks that hatched, only two males survived to adulthood and reproduced normally. their adult ...	2003	7657997
new findings in the stumpy-limb mutation of japanese quail.	the stumpy-limb (sl) mutant (sl/sl) of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is characterized by brachycephaly, parrot-like beaks with mild expressivity, and short and thick limbs. although this mutant had been believed to be completely embryonic lethal just before hatching, this study revealed that the sl mutant was partly viable when genetic background was altered. a total of 132 of 237 sl embryos (56%) hatched from the eggshell with no assistance; subsequently, 36 of the 132 sl chicks that hatch ...	2003	7890930
aflatoxin residues in eggs of laying japanese quail after long-term administration of rations containing low levels of aflatoxin b1.	the aim was to evaluate the excretion of residues of aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)), aflatoxin m(1) (afm(1)), aflatoxin b(2a) (afb(2a)) and aflatoxicol (afl) in eggs of laying japanese quail fed rations with low levels of aflatoxin b(1) for 90 days. the quail were randomly assigned into four experimental groups and given prepared rations containing either 0 (controls), 25, 50 or 100 microg afb(1) kg(-1) feed. thirty-two eggs per treatment were collected on days 1-7, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 of the aflatox ...	2003	12888390
establishing appropriate measures for monitoring aging in birds: comparing short and long lived species.	in order to reveal patterns of reproductive aging in birds we focus on a short lived species, the japanese quail and the american kestrel, which has a life span of medium length. quail have been studied extensively in the laboratory as models for understanding avian endocrinology and behavior, and as a subject for toxicological research and testing. in the lab, japanese quail show age-related deterioration in endocrine, behavioral, and sensory system responses; the american kestrel is relatively ...	2003	12855281
a new chondrodystrophy mutation in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	a second form of hereditary chondrodystrophy (ch-2) has been discovered in a selected line of japanese quail, coturnix japonica. this form of chondrodystrophy is autosomal and recessive, characterized by an overall shortening and bending of the long bones of the wings and legs, slight dwarfing of the trunk, bulging of the eyes, flattening of the head, and a parrot beak. the shortened long bones vary in regard to the amount of bending from nearly straight to bends of up to 90 degrees in the midsh ...	2003	2380548
toxicity of dietary heliotropium dolosum seed to japanese quail.	five groups of 30 male japanese quail, each 7-w-old, were fed diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10% (w/w) of dehulled h dolosum seed. half of the birds from the each group were killed at 6 and 24 w after beginning of the trial. at the end of 6th w, neither mortality nor clinical sign occurred in test groups. in the 5 and 10% inclusion levels, mild to moderate hepatic injury was detected as evidenced by mild karyomegaly, moderate fatty change, focal or portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasie, and ov ...	2002	12361106
the photoperiodic entrainment and induction of the circadian clock regulating seasonal responses in the migratory blackheaded bunting (emberiza melanocephala).	the properties of the circadian photoperiodic oscillator have been investigated in detail only in the japanese quail. while the study of the quail is clearly very important, one cannot simply assume that other species, especially passerines that seem to have a different circadian organization than quail, function the same way. the current set of experiments was conducted to understand the entrainment and photoinduction of the circadian photoperiodic oscillator in a passerine species, the blackhe ...	2002	12405550
administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin to japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): dose response over seven days and comparison of delivery by daily injection or osmotic pump.	this study is part of a research programme that aims to develop a method of hormone treatment to stimulate breeding in female birds. the aims of this study were to compare dose rates and two different delivery methods, daily injection or osmotic pump, for hormone treatment of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg).	2002	16032222
the assessment of nociceptive and non-nociceptive skin sensitivity in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	we evaluated the efficacy of two nociceptive tests, the hot water (hwt) and the foot pressure tests (fpt), and one non-nociceptive test (semmes-weinstein test, swt) in assessing skin sensitivity in conscious japanese quail. all stimuli elicited a reflex-like, strongly reproducible response. responses in the hwt and fpt were identified as typical nocifensive flight-fight behavior. in untreated birds, these responses occurred at temperatures and forces described previously as noxious. in the swt, ...	2002	12044663
daily temporal organization of laying in japanese quail: variability and heritability.	in birds, many behavioral and physiological processes that occur during reproduction show daily rhythms in response to environmental temporal constraints. in this study, the individual daily organization of laying and its genetic determinant in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were analyzed. for this purpose, the oviposition time of 102 randomly chosen females, maintained in long-day photoperiodic conditions (ld 14 h:10 h) for 1 mon was observed and extreme phenotypes selected. laying ...	2002	12025931
the role of static features of males in the mate choice behavior of female japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	in two experiments, we investigated the mate choice behavior of female japanese quail toward taxidermically-prepared male models. both experiments consisted of four phases: (1) habituation; (2) a pre-test in which two taxidermically-prepared models of male birds were presented; (3) observation in which the respective non-preferred male model was presented either alone or with another stimulus, and (4) a post-test in which male models were again presented alone. results showed that focal females ...	2002	11955775
fearfulness and performance related traits in selected lines of japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	fearfulness and economic traits were studied in three lines of japanese quail. two of the lines were of the same genetic origin and were subjected to divergent selection for the duration of tonic immobility (ti), a measure of fearfulness. birds were selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of ti. the third line (dd) was of a different genetic origin and had been selected for early egg production. fear, growth, residual feed intake, and measures of egg composition and production varied amo ...	2002	11902406
molecular cloning and circadian regulation of cryptochrome genes in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the circadian system is thought to have three components: input, pacemaker (internal clock), and output. cryptochromes (cry) are important clock genes, and recent findings indicate that these genes not only act as circadian photoreceptors but are also essential components in the negative feedback of the circadian system. as a first step toward understanding the avian circadian system, the authors tried to clone japanese quail homologs of mammalian crys and analyze their expression patterns in di ...	2002	11837944
melatonin can produce immunoenhancement in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) without prior immunosuppression.	in recent years, it has been determined that melatonin has important immunostimulatory properties in mammalian and avian species. typically, this immunoenhancement has only been examined in immunosuppressed animals. the effect of melatonin on normal (unsuppressed) immune systems is yet to be evaluated in avian species. an experiment was performed to determine if transient and/or continuous melatonin treatments could enhance immune functions in japanese quail without prior immunosuppression. all ...	2002	12441122
bone microstructure and developmental plasticity in birds and other dinosaurs.	patterns of bone microstructure have frequently been used to deduce dynamics and processes of growth in extant and fossil tetrapods. often, the various types of primary bone tissue have been associated with different bone deposition rates and more recently such deductions have extended to patterns observed in dinosaur bone microstructure. these previous studies are challenged by the findings of the current research, which integrates an experimental neontological approach and a paleontological co ...	2002	12386894
visual memory of shapes in quail chicks: discrimination among 2-dimensional objects.	newly hatched chicks spontaneously peck at conspicuous objects, and soon learn to discriminate between edible food particles and inedible objects. to examine whether this discrimination is based on a chick's ability to memorize objects by shape cues, we analyzed the pecking behavior. one- to 3-day old quail chicks (coturnix japonica) were presented with dry objects of different shapes (ball, disk, triangle and t-shape) of similar size (4 mm) and color (green). habituation occurred after repeated ...	2002	12149571
effects of starvation on gonadotropin and thyrotropin subunit mrna levels and plasma hormone levels in the male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	contents of mrnas encoding lhbeta-, fshbeta-, tshbeta- and common a-subunit precursor molecules were measured in male japanese quail deprived of food for three days. plasma lh, fsh, thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels were also measured in the same birds. plasma lh levels declined during the period of food deprivation. levels in starved birds were not different from those in control birds after one day of starvation but were significantly lower after three days. plasma fsh levels showed a simi ...	2002	12125931
development of embryos from in vitro ovulated and fertilized oocytes of the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the development of quail embryos obtained after in vitro fertilization of oocytes ovulated in vitro was investigated. about 40% of the specimens, after 18-20 hr of incubation, had undergone cleavage to reach stages iv-vi when viewed under a stereo microscope. however, only 36% of these embryos contained normal, dapi-stained nuclei when observed under a fluorescent microscope; the other 64% showing a morphologically normal cleavage pattern did not contain nuclei. control unfertilized oocytes, ovu ...	2002	12115941
pineal melatonin secretion, but not ocular melatonin secretion, is sufficient to maintain normal immune responses in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	reports that plasma melatonin is an important immune regulator in avian species have been rather sparse and contradictory. also, the primary source of immune-modulating melatonin has yet to be determined in birds. in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), the pineal gland and eyes contribute roughly two thirds and one third of the melatonin found in the blood, respectively. two experiments were conducted to evaluate melatonin as an immune modulator in japanese quail and to determine the pr ...	2002	12093123
vitamin e supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients and egg yolk mineral concentrations of japanese quails.	the aim of this study was to determine if the negative effects of high ambient temperature (34 degrees c) on egg production, egg quality, digestibility of nutrients, and mineral content of egg yolk could be alleviated by dietary vitamin e (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation in laying japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japanica). japanese quails (n=240; 7-week-old) were divided into eight groups, 30 birds per group. the quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented ...	2002	12443690
chromium supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying japanese quail.	this study was conducted to determine the effects of cr (chromium picolinate, crpic) supplementation at various levels (0, 200, 400, 800 or 1200 microg/kg of diet) on egg production, egg quality and serum concentrations of insulin, corticosterone and glucose in laying japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japanica) reared under conditions of heat stress (32.5 degrees c). laying japanese quail (n = 150; 45 d old) were divided into five groups of 30 birds. the quail were fed either a control diet cont ...	2002	12042444
[polychromatism of the egg shell in the domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). 5. augmentation of the incidence of phenodeviants through consanguinity].	an observation of interest is that brother-sister inbreeding appears to have increased the size of protoporphyrin spots of wild type egg-shells in japanese quail. phenodeviant theory can explain the modalities of trait segregation.	2002	134795
[polychromatism in eggshell or domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). iv. porphyrin biosynthesis in uteri of phenotypes belonging to the dominant form].	with the introduction of delta-aminolevulinic acid, uterin extracts, in vitro, can synthesize porphyrins (uroporphyrin, 62%; coproporphyrin, 27%; and protoporphyrin, 11%). at the stage where the uterus contains a white egg, various phenotypes in the dominant form are capable of synthesizing with the introduction of delta-aminolevulinic acid, the same quantity of porphyrins. these results are interpreted, assuming the existence of differences in the activity of the enzymes involved during the lay ...	2002	126744
[polychromatism of the egg shell in the domestic quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). 6. comparison with polychromatism in related species].	polychromatism and pigments of five phasianides egg-shells others than japanese quail are studied. polychromatism modalities and pigments repartitions are species specific.	2002	134796
molecular cloning and characterization of novel centromeric repetitive dna sequences in the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, galliformes).	a new family of centromeric highly repetitive dna sequences was isolated from ecori-digested genomic dna of the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, galliformes), and characterized by filter hybridization and chromosome in situ hybridization. the repeated elements were divided into two types by nucleotide length and chromosomal distribution; the 578-bp element predominantly localized to microchromosomes and the 1,524-bp element localized to chromosomes 1 and 2. the 578-bp element represented ...	2002	12826749
establishment of inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail and their potential as animal models.	we started establishing inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail in 1970. in class aves, full sib mating is highly difficult due to inbreeding depression. in the chicken, we attempted to establish some inbred strains in three breeds, black minorca, white leghorn and fayoumi by fixing all the characters that differentiate individuals homozygously. in this paper, we describe some marker genes and characters fixed in the inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail as well as a calculation of a ...	2002	12451702
steroid receptor coactivator src-1 exhibits high expression in steroid-sensitive brain areas regulating reproductive behaviors in the quail brain.	the steroid receptor coactivator src-1 modulates ligand-dependent transactivation of several nuclear receptors, including the receptors for sex steroid hormones. reducing the expression of src-1 by injection of specific antisense oligonucleotides markedly inhibits the effects of estrogens of the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in rats and inhibits the activation of female sexual behavior in adult female rats. src-1 thus appears to be involved in both the development and activation o ...	2002	12457041
long term dietary supplementation with zeaxanthin reduces photoreceptor death in light-damaged japanese quail.	the purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of light damage on japanese quail whose retinal carotenoids had been experimentally manipulated through altered diets. the birds were raised 6 months on a commercial turkey diet (t), on a custom carotenoid-deficient diet (c-) containing 90% less carotenoid than the t diet, or on z+ diet [the c- diet supplemented with natural zeaxanthin (35mgkg(-1) food)]. equal numbers of males and females on each diet were exposed to nine intervals (1hr o ...	2002	12457865
persistence of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin in plasma of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (pmsg) is currently being used to develop a hormone regime that will stimulate reproductive development in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in this study, the persistence of pmsg in quail plasma was examined after a single injection of the hormone (500 iu). plasma concentrations of pmsg increased to a peak 12 h after injection and declined to approximately 50% of peak concentrations 24 h after injection. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin concentratio ...	2002	12467352
absorption, transportation and digestion of egg white in quail embryos.	the present study was done to reveal how egg white is taken up by embryonic tissues, the pathway through which egg white is transported, and the location where it is digested during the development of the quail coturnix japonica. antiserum against quail ovalbumin was raised in rabbit and used as a probe. by immunoelectron microscopy, the uptake of ovalbumin on a small scale by receptor-mediated endocytosis was observed in the ectodermal cells of the yolk sac on days four to seven of incubation. ...	2002	11869288
evaluation of a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35) for use in the propagation and detection of metapneumovirus.	a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35) was evaluated and compared to vero cells for its utility in metapneumovirus propagation, titration and serological detection by indirect immunofluorescence staining. cell characteristics such as growth kinetics at different passage levels and seeding density in 96-well plates using various media formulations were studied in order to determine suitable assay parameters. specifically, qt-35 cells supported the replication of a subgroup a metapneumovi ...	2002	11879695
antioxidant systems of the developing quail embryo are compromised by mycotoxin aurofusarin.	the effects of aurofusarin in the quail diet on the antioxidant systems of the developing embryo are investigated. thirty eight 45-day-old japanese quails (coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups and were fed on a corn-soya diet or the same diet supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin. eggs obtained after 7 weeks of feeding were incubated. samples of quail tissues were collected at day 17 of embry ...	2002	11879787
auditory stimulus-induced changes in immediate-early gene expression related to an inborn perceptual predisposition.	auditory-induced expression of the immediate-early gene zenk was examined in 18 brain areas of domestic chicken and japanese quail subjects with no previous exposure to parental vocalizations. after one 30-min exposure (approximately 120 calls) within 24 h of hatching to either the chicken or quail maternal call, paired subjects from each species showed significantly more intense levels of zenk staining to conspecific (own species) calls. single brain areas did not show consistent, large differe ...	2002	11935228
effects of vitamin c and vitamin e on lipid peroxidation status, serum hormone, metabolite, and mineral concentrations of japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 degrees c).	this study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary vitamin c (l-ascorbic acid) and vitamin e (alpha-tocopherol acetate) on lipid peroxidation status measured as mda and serum triiodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), as well as some other serum metabolite and mineral concentrations of japanese quails reared under heat stress (34 degrees c). one hundred-eighty 10-day-old japanese quails were randomly assigned to six tre ...	2002	11944200
adeno-associated virus-mediated transfer of human acid maltase gene results in a transient reduction of glycogen accumulation in muscle of japanese quail with acid maltase deficiency.	glycogen storage disease type ii (gsd ii), pompe's disease, is caused by the deficiency of acid alpha-d-glucosidase (gaa) in lysosome and is the most common form of gsd in taiwan. most cases are the infantile form. the disease is relentless and most patients die of cardiac failure and respiratory tract infection in the first year of life. at present, no treatment has been proved effective for this fatal disease. the applicability of enzyme replacement therapy is under investigation. however, hig ...	2002	11973631
physiological, growth, and immune responses of japanese quail chicks to the multiple stressors of immunological challenge and lead shot.	exposure to the combination of a contaminant and an immunological challenge during development may greatly increase the impact of either or both of these stressors on an individual. this study investigated the interacting effects of a nonpathogenic immunological challenge and lead shot exposure early in the development of a precocial species. seventy-one quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks orally received either one #9 lead shot (0.05 g), four lead shots (0.2 g), or no lead at the age of 8 ...	2002	11706371
testing homology of loci for two plumage colors, "lavender" and "recessive white," with chicken and japanese quail hybrids.	homology for two plumage color loci was studied by hybridization between chickens and japanese quail. first, chicken-quail hybrids were produced from homozygous "lavender" chicken cocks and "bleu" japanese quail, and all 30 hybrids had the same parental slate blue plumage color. on the other hand, no hybrids with this plumage were obtained out of 18 progeny from the same cocks and wild-type quail. these results show that the slate blue plumage color is determined by homologous loci in japanese q ...	2002	12011184
phylogenetic analysis in chicken breeds inferred from complete cytochrome b gene information.	complete cytochrome b (cyt b) gene (1140 bp) nucleotide sequences were used to investigate characteristics of the genetic constitution of chunky broiler chickens, and these were compared with the hy-line and wl-gm (garber) line of white leghorn, the gsp line of fayoumi, the bm-c line of black minorca (egg-chickens), and an outgroup of wild-origin japanese quail. a high genetic difference (five haplotypes) was observed at the cytochrome b region in the chunky broiler in contrast to the high homol ...	2002	12017507
expression of myostatin is not altered in lines of poultry exhibiting myofiber hyper- and hypoplasia.	decades of selective breeding have yielded lines of poultry with substantial myofiber hyperplasia, vet little is known about what genes have been altered during the course of selection. myostatin is a strong negative regulator of muscle mass in mice and cattle and could have been one of many genetic factors contributing to increased myofiber deposition in growth-selected lines of poultry. to test this hypothesis, the sequence and expression patterns of myostatin were analyzed in growth-selected ...	2002	12079046
microsatellite loci in japanese quail and cross-species amplification in chicken and guinea fowl.	in line with the gifu university's initiative to map the japanese quail genome, a total of 100 japanese quail microsatellite markers isolated in our laboratory were evaluated in a population of 20 unrelated quails randomly sampled from a colony of wild quail origin. ninety-eight markers were polymorphic with an average of 3.7 alleles per locus and a mean heterozygosity of 0.423. to determine the utility of these markers for comparative genome mapping in phasianidae, cross-species amplification o ...	2002	12081810
[the effect of argon-containing hypoxic gas environment on development of japanese quail embryos].	in case of acute hypoxic hypoxia argon in the gas environment is favorable to survivability of laboratory animals (rats). our purpose was to evaluate effects of an argon-containing hypoxic gas environment on embryogenesis of the japanese quail (cortunix cortunix japonica). eggs of the japanese quail were incubated in a pressurized chamber with a hypoxic gas environment differing in concentration of nitrogen and argon. in hypoxic (10% o2) oxygen-nitrogen and oxygen-nitrogen-argon atmospheres tota ...	2002	12098947
expression of s-100 protein in intercalated duct cells of bovine pancreas.	although mutoh et al. have found intercalated ducts in the pancreatic islets of avians, including the chicken, moorhen (gallinula chloorpus), and japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), and even demonstrated the functions of intercalated duct cells in pancreatic islets, to our knowledge, there have been only a few reports on the relationship between intercalated ducts and islets in mammalia. accordingly, in this study, we investigated whether intercalated ducts are morphologically related t ...	2002	12126053
selection of japanese quail for reduced adrenocortical responsiveness accelerates puberty in males.	differences in the onset of puberty were assessed in male japanese quail from a random-bred (rb, control) line and two lines that had been genetically selected for reduced (low stress, ls) or exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticosterone response to brief mechanical restraint. at 42 d of age, cloacal gland area (carea) and volume (cvol), proportion of individuals that produced cloacal gland foam (picf), and intensity of cloacal gland foam production (cfp) were examined in 60 representative ...	2002	12162347
production and characterization of a turkey sperm mitochondrial monoclonal antibody and its usefulness for assessment of sperm integrity.	a monoclonal antibody (4c7/2e4) that binds to an antigen located on the midpiece of turkey spermatozoa has been produced and characterized. the antibody was also reactive to antigens on the midpiece of chicken, japanese quail, and bobwhite quail spermatozoa but was unreactive to spermatozoa from guinea fowl, human, horse, boar, and bull. immunogold transmission electron microscopy of turkey spermatozoa showed that the antibody was associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane. titratable anti ...	2002	12162348
effects of hemicastration and castration on foam production and its relationship with fertility in male japanese quail.	healthy heavy body weight strain of adult male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) of the same age were used in this study to observe the effect of hemicastration and castration on the frequency of foam discharges from cloacal gland and other related parameters. the quails were housed in individual cages and divided into four groups: control (intact birds), sham-operated control (intact birds with incision), hemicastrated, and castrated groups of birds. hemicastration and castration were ...	2002	12182362
evidence for species differences in the pattern of androgen receptor distribution in relation to species differences in an androgen-dependent behavior.	chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and japanese quail (coturnix japonica), two closely related gallinaceous bird species, exhibit a form of vocalization-crowing-which differs between the species in two components: its temporal acoustic pattern and its accompanying postural motor pattern. previous work utilizing the quail-chick chimera technique demonstrated that the species-specific characteristics of the two crow components are determined by distinct brain structures: the midbrain confers the ...	2002	12210104
effects of exogenous testosterone on testicular luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptors during aging.	during aging, the male japanese quail exhibits a loss of fertility, increased morphological abnormalities in the testes, and a higher incidence of sertoli cell tumors. although there is a coincident loss of reproductive behavior, plasma androgen levels remain high until testicular regression occurs in association with senescence. the purpose of this study was to compare mean specific binding of chicken luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) as a measure of testicular rec ...	2002	12324665
social influences on food choices of norway rats and mate choices of japanese quail.		2002	12354687
imitative learning in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) using the bidirectional control procedure.	in the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). this procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). imitative learning is demonstrated when the observer ...	2002	12391793
[lampbrush chromosomes in the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica: cytological maps of macro chromosomes and meiotic crossover frequency in females].	cytological maps of lampbrush macrobivalents of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were constructed. investigation of chiasmata allowed determination of the meiotic frequency of reciprocal genetic recombination (crossing over) in japanese quail females. the total chiasma number in bivalents of japanese quail oocyte nuclei was determined to be 53-58. macrobivalents 1-5 and z of the japanese quail had on average 3.3 chiasmata per bivalent, and microbivalents, 1.0-1.1 chiasmata per biv ...	2002	12391886