Publications

berry skin development in norton grape: distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis.	the complex and dynamic changes during grape berry development have been studied in vitis vinifera, but little is known about these processes in other vitis species. the grape variety 'norton', with a major portion of its genome derived from vitis aestivalis, maintains high levels of malic acid and phenolic acids in the ripening berries in comparison with v. vinifera varieties such as cabernet sauvignon. furthermore, norton berries develop a remarkably high level of resistance to most fungal pat ...	2011	21219654
influence of skin hardness on dehydration kinetics of wine grapes.	knowledge of the influence of initial mechanical properties on the evolution of the weight loss of berries through the drying process is scarce. therefore, the main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of skin hardness at two different physiological stages of off-vine drying kinetics of grapes. skin hardness was evaluated as the berry skin-break force parameter, measured by the texture analysis test.	2011	21218485
new phenolic grape skin products from vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir.	anthocyanins and their related compounds were extracted from grape skins of pinot noir, using 50% aqueous methanol, and purified by solid phase extraction chromatography using xad-7 resin to obtain a pigment-rich fraction. this fraction was subjected to multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (mlccc) using a quaternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water acidified with 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:0.1-1.8:5) (v/v/v/v) in a step gradient elut ...	2011	21214245
reductions in biomass accumulation, photosynthesis in situ and net carbon balance are the costs of protecting vitis vinifera 'semillon' grapevines from heat stress with shade covering.	covering whole vines with shade cloth is used to protect the vines from heat stress, but may have costs on vine productivity through reduced light availability. our aim was to assess the carbon balance of vines growing with and without shade to quantify the impact of the covering.	2011	22476493
effects of pulsed electric field on secondary metabolism of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux suspension culture and exudates.	plant cell cultures provide a large potential for the production of secondary metabolites. through the application of different physical and chemical cell stress factors, we investigated the production of the secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) and ethephon on growth and secondary metabolism, particularly anthocyanins and phenolic acids synthesis, were investigated by using suspension culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux as a model sy ...	2011	21190090
low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine enhance cold tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis plants.	we report the characterization of low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine (vitis vinifera). four transcription factors were identified in low-temperature-treated grapevine. the expression of v. vinifera c-repeat-binding factors, vvcbf2, vvcbf4, and vvcbfl, and v. vinifera b-box-type zinc finger protein, vvzfpl, was immediately induced and upregulated in leaves by the low-temperature treatment. similar induction of the gene expression was observed in low-temperature-treated ste ...	2011	21185622
comparison of odor-active compounds in grapes and wines from vitis vinifera and non-foxy american grape species.	native american grape (vitis) species have many desirable properties for winegrape breeding, but hybrids of these non-vinifera wild grapes with vitis vinifera often have undesirable aromas. other than the foxy-smelling compounds in vitis labrusca and vitis rotundifolia , the aromas inherent to american vitis species are not well characterized. in this paper, the key odorants in wine produced from the american grape species vitis riparia and vitis cinerea were characterized in comparison to wine ...	2011	21879766
new records of eriophyoid mites (acari: prostigmata: eriophyoidea) from saudi arabia.	a field study was conducted to investigate eriophyoid mites associated with some fruit trees in riyadh, saudi arabia. the survey was carried out in four localities (el-waseel, al-beer, al-haiyer and el-deriya) and included seven species of fruit trees, namely olives (olea europea), fig (ficus carica), grapes (vitis vinifera), apple (malus domestica), citrus (citrus spp.), pomegranate (punica granatum) and pear (pyrus communis). seven new records of eriophyoid species (aceria benghalensis soliman ...	2011	21916261
association of a novel dna virus with the grapevine vein-clearing and vine decline syndrome.	a severe vein-clearing and vine decline syndrome has emerged on grapevines (vitis vinifera) and hybrid grape cultivars in the midwest region of the united states. the typical symptoms are translucent vein-clearing on young leaves, short internodes and decline of vine vigor. known viral pathogens of grapevines were not closely associated with the syndrome. to obtain a comprehensive profile of viruses in a diseased grapevine, small rnas were enriched and two cdna libraries were constructed from a ...	2011	21554183
rootstock and vineyard floor management influence on 'cabernet sauvignon' grape yeast assimilable nitrogen (yan).	this is a study on the influence that two rootstocks (110r, high vigour; 420a, low vigour) and three vineyard floor management regimes (tilled resident vegetation - usual practise in california, and barley cover crops that were either mowed or tilled) had upon grape nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly ammonia and free amino acids recalculated as yan), sugars, and organic acids in 'cabernet sauvignon' clone 8. a significant difference was observed for some of the free amino acids between rootst ...	2011	25214080
longidorus carniolensis sp. n. (nematoda, longidoridae) from vineyard soil in slovenia.	a new needle nematode, longidorus carniolensissp. n., recovered from the soil around the roots of grapevine vitis vinifera l. from slovenia, is described and illustrated. longidorus carniolensisis an amphimictic species, characterised by females with a moderately long (l=5.6-8.2 mm) and plump (a=51-72.4, ave. 66.3) body, assuming a spiral to c-shape when heat relaxed. head region continuous, anteriorly almost flat, lip region 23-25 µm wide; guiding ring situated posteriorly (42-47 μm, 43-50 μm i ...	2011	22287876
profiling of resveratrol oligomers, important stress metabolites, accumulating in the leaves of hybrid vitis vinifera (merzling × teroldego) genotypes infected with plasmopara viticola.	in the vitaceae, viniferins represent a relatively restricted group of trans-resveratrol oligomers with antifungal properties, thus enabling plants to cope with pathogen attack. the aim of this study was to perform isolation and structural characterization of the whole class of viniferins accumulating in the leaves of hybrid vitis vinifera (merzling × teroldego) genotypes infected with plasmopara viticola . infected leaves of resistant plants were collected 6 days after infection, extracted with ...	2011	21510709
a white spruce gene catalog for conifer genome analyses.	several angiosperm plant genomes, including arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), rice (oryza sativa), poplar (populus trichocarpa), and grapevine (vitis vinifera), have been sequenced, but the lack of reference genomes in gymnosperm phyla reduces our understanding of plant evolution and restricts the potential impacts of genomics research. a gene catalog was developed for the conifer tree picea glauca (white spruce) through large-scale expressed sequence tag sequencing and full-length cdna sequen ...	2011	21730200
analysis of bac end sequences in oak, a keystone forest tree species, providing insight into the composition of its genome.	one of the key goals of oak genomics research is to identify genes of adaptive significance. this information may help to improve the conservation of adaptive genetic variation and the management of forests to increase their health and productivity. deep-coverage large-insert genomic libraries are a crucial tool for attaining this objective. we report herein the construction of a bac library for quercus robur, its characterization and an analysis of bac end sequences.	2011	21645357
a physical map for the amborella trichopoda genome sheds light on the evolution of angiosperm genome structure.	recent phylogenetic analyses have identified amborella trichopoda, an understory tree species endemic to the forests of new caledonia, as sister to a clade including all other known flowering plant species. the amborella genome is a unique reference for understanding the evolution of angiosperm genomes because it can serve as an outgroup to root comparative analyses. a physical map, bac end sequences and sample shotgun sequences provide a first view of the 870 mbp amborella genome.	2011	21619600
synergistic antioxidant activity of green tea with some herbs.	cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, etc. are caused by free radicals that are byproducts of metabolic pathways. selected plants namely vitis vinifera, phyllanthus emblica l., punica granatum, cinnamomum cassia, ginkgo biloba l., and camellia sinensis linn. are reported to produce antioxidant property. this study is undertaken to support the hypothesis that formulation of a polyherbal combination of these plants shows a synergistic effect with green tea. the extracts of each drug were cha ...	2011	22171315
host plant suitability and feeding preferences of the grapevine pest abagrotis orbis (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	thirteen plant species were tested for their suitability as hosts for abagrotis orbis (grote), a climbing cutworm pest of grapevines in british columbia. choice tests were also conducted to investigate larval feeding preferences for the brassicaceae species joi choi, brassica rapa variety. chinensis l., spring draba; draba verna l.; and shepherd's purse, capsella bursa-pastoris (l.) medik; compared with postdormant buds of grape, vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae), and leaves of nine other plant speci ...	2011	22217761
an est-based analysis identifies new genes and reveals distinctive gene expression features of coffea arabica and coffea canephora.	coffee is one of the world's most important crops; it is consumed worldwide and plays a significant role in the economy of producing countries. coffea arabica and c. canephora are responsible for 70 and 30% of commercial production, respectively. c. arabica is an allotetraploid from a recent hybridization of the diploid species, c. canephora and c. eugenioides. c. arabica has lower genetic diversity and results in a higher quality beverage than c. canephora. research initiatives have been launch ...	2011	21303543
expression and genome-wide analysis of the xylogen-type gene family.	in higher plants, many extracellular proteins are involved in developmental processes, including cell-cell signaling and cell wall construction. xylogen is an extracellular arabinogalactan protein (agp) isolated from zinnia elegans xylogenic culture medium, which promotes xylem cell differentiation. xylogen has a unique structure, containing a non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsltp) domain and agp domains. we searched for xylogen-type genes in the genomes of land plants, including arabidopsi ...	2011	21558309
exploration of plant genomes in the flagdb++ environment.	in the contexts of genomics, post-genomics and systems biology approaches, data integration presents a major concern. databases provide crucial solutions: they store, organize and allow information to be queried, they enhance the visibility of newly produced data by comparing them with previously published results, and facilitate the exploration and development of both existing hypotheses and new ideas.	2011	21447150
comparative analysis of gossypium and vitis genomes indicates genome duplication specific to the gossypium lineage.	genetic mapping studies have suggested that diploid cotton (gossypium) might be an ancient polyploid. however, further evidence is lacking due to the complexity of the genome and the lack of sequence resources. here, we used the grape (vitis vinifera) genome as an out-group in two different approaches to further explore evidence regarding ancient genome duplication (wgd) event(s) in the diploid gossypium lineage and its (their) effects: a genome-level alignment analysis and a local-level sequenc ...	2011	21352905
molecular cloning and characterization of ghapm, a gene encoding the μ subunit of the clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex that is associated with cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fiber development.	the clathrin-associated adaptor protein (ap) complexes are the primary clathrin adaptors that contribute to the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (ccvs). the ghapm gene (genbank accession number: gu359054), which encodes the medium subunit of the ap complexes, was cloned from cotton by rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr). the full-length cdna was 1590 bp in size and encoded an open reading frame (orf) of 416 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46 kda. the ...	2011	21225463
fructo-oligosaccharides in table grapes and response to storage.	fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) have been recognized as health food ingredients with a protective effect against environmental stresses in plants. we have analyzed the profiles of individual fos in cardinal table grape pulp, until now undetected, and quantified their changes in response to low temperature and high co2 levels. fos separation and quantification was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (hpaec-pad), and the glucose, fructose and sucrose co ...	2011	25212291
influence of foliar fertilization with p and k on chemical constituents of grape cv. 'cardinal'.	the foliar fertilization has been used as an important agrotechnical measure to avoid deficiencies and to improve quality. during the two consecutive years, a study has been performed on vitis vinifera l. (cv. 'cardinal') to examine whether a grape berry quality has been affected by the foliar application of pk fertilizer. a liquid mineral fertilizer containing 15% p2o5, 20% k2o with 0.1% b, 0.1% mn and 0.01% mo (% w/w) has been sprayed three times at rate of 8 l ha(-1) every 14-15 days starting ...	2011	21827138
chemopreventive effects of calluna vulgaris and vitis vinifera extracts on uvb-induced skin damage in skh-1 hairless mice.	solar ultraviolet radiation (uv) is a major cause of non-melanoma skin cancer in humans. photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy in the management of cutaneous neoplasia. the study investigated the protective activity of calluna vulgaris (cv) and red grape seeds (vitis vinifera l, burgund mare variety) (bm) extracts in vivo on uvb-induced deleterious effects in skh-1 mice skin. forty skh-1 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10): control ...	2011	21893700
comparison of foliar and soil formulations of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (homoptera: cicadellidae), in wine grapes.	the potential of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to control potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae (harris), a damaging pest of wine grapes in the eastern united states, was investigated. soil or foliar applications were made to potted or field-grown vines, and the response of leafhoppers was determined in clip cages over the following month on young or mature leaves.	2011	21268231
genome-wide analysis of the set domain group family in grapevine.	the set domain group (sdg) proteins represent an evolutionarily-conserved family of epigenetic regulators present in eukaryotes and are putative candidates for the catalysis of lysine methylation in histones. plant genomes analyses of this family have been performed in arabidopsis, maize, and rice and functional studies have shown that sdg genes are involved in the control of plant development. in this work, we describe the identification and structural characterization of sdg genes in the vitis ...	2011	21293861
wound-healing properties of the oils of vitis vinifera and vaccinium macrocarpon.	vitis vinifera (grape) and vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well known medicinal plants; most of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been isolated from the skin, fruit juice, fermented extract and alcohol fractions of the plants above. here, the pharmacological properties of the phytochemical constituents present in oils of cranberry and grape were investigated. the oil of grape and cranberry has been evaluated for their wound healing activity by using an excision wound model i ...	2011	21305631
haplotype composition at the color locus is a major genetic determinant of skin color variation in vitis × labruscana grapes.	skin color is one of the most important fruit traits in grape, and has become greatly diversified due to hybridization and human selection. many studies concerning the genetic control of grape color in european species (vitis vinifera l.), especially the role of myb-related genes, have been reported. on the other hand, there have been few studies of the myb-related genes in grapes belonging to v. ×labruscana l.h. bailey, a subgroup of grapes that originated from the hybridization of v. labrusca ...	2011	21311854
polysaccharide compositions of intervessel pit membranes contribute to pierce's disease resistance of grapevines.	symptom development of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevine (vitis vinifera) depends largely on the ability of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa to use cell wall-degrading enzymes (cwdes) to break up intervessel pit membranes (pms) and spread through the vessel system. in this study, an immunohistochemical technique was developed to analyze pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides of intervessel pms. our results indicate that pms of grapevine genotypes with different pd resistance differed in the ...	2011	21343427
use of the vvmyba1 gene for non-destructive quantification of promoter activity via color histogram analysis in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and tobacco.	we report the development of a convenient plant-based reporter system to analyze promoters and facilitate selection of genetically engineered plants. the vvmyba1 gene of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) regulates the last metabolic step of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its ectopic expression leads to anthocyanin production in otherwise non-pigmented cells. to develop an anthocyanin-based quantitative reporter system, the vvmyba1 gene was isolated from v. vinifera 'merlot' and placed under control of ...	2011	21229312
3-sulfanylhexanol precursor biogenesis in grapevine cells: the stimulating effect of botrytis cinerea.	volatile thiols, compounds that contribute strongly to the varietal aroma, are present in much higher concentrations in sweet wines than in dry wines. this positive effect, due to the presence of botrytis cinerea on the berries, in fact results from a strong enrichment of cysteine s-conjugate precursors in botrytized berries. in the present study, a convenient model was investigated to reproduce and therefore study this phenomenon. a vitis vinifera cell culture was used as a simple model, and we ...	2011	21235257
vitis vinifera l. grape skin extract activates the insulin-signalling cascade and reduces hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.	this study examined the effect of vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ach09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin-signalling cascade in alloxan-treated mice.	2011	22221103
effect of climate change on infection of grapevine by downy and powdery mildew under controlled environment.	plant responses to elevated co2 and temperature have been much studied in recent years, but effects of climate change on pathological responses are largerly unknown. the pathosystems grapevine (vitis vinifera) - downy mildew (plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (erysiphe necatrix) were chosen as models to assess the potential impact of increased co2 and temperature on disease incidence and severity under controlled environment. grapevine potted plants were grown in phytotrons under 4 differe ...	2011	22702176
haemostatic effect of ankaferd blood stopper(®) seen during adenoidectomy.	in turkey, ankaferd blood stopper(®) (abs) has been approved for the management of external haemorrhages and bleedings occurring during dental surgeries (goker et al., 2008). ankaferd comprises a standardized mixture of plants, including thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica diodica. this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ab s tam ponade in the control of intra-operative bleeding occurring during ad enoidectomy performed in children under the ...	2011	22654224
effect of winemaking treatment and wine aging on phenolic content in vranec wines.	phenolic compounds and colour stability of red wines produced from vranec vitis vinifera l. grape variety were investigated by means of different maceration times (3, 6 and 10 days), two doses of so2 (30 and 70 mg/l so2), two yeasts for fermentation (vinalco and levuline), temperature of storage and time of aging (3, 6 and 16 months). in general, maceration time influenced the phenolics extraction from the grapes into the wine. highest concentrations of phenolic components were observed in the w ...	2011	23572838
identification of tissue-specific, abiotic stress-responsive gene expression patterns in wine grape (vitis vinifera l.) based on curation and mining of large-scale est data sets.	abiotic stresses, such as water deficit and soil salinity, result in changes in physiology, nutrient use, and vegetative growth in vines, and ultimately, yield and flavor in berries of wine grape, vitis vinifera l. large-scale expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated, curated, and analyzed to identify major genetic determinants responsible for stress-adaptive responses. although roots serve as the first site of perception and/or injury for many types of abiotic stress, est sequencing in roo ...	2011	21592389
the phytoalexin resveratrol regulates the initiation of hypersensitive cell death in vitis cell.	resveratrol is a major phytoalexin produced by plants in response to various stresses and promotes disease resistance. the resistance of north american grapevine vitis rupestris is correlated with a hypersensitive reaction (hr), while susceptible european vitis vinifera cv. 'pinot noir' does not exhibit hr, but expresses basal defence. we have shown previously that in cell lines derived from the two vitis species, the bacterial effector harpin induced a rapid and sensitive accumulation of stilbe ...	2011	22053190
upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with defective hemostasis successfully treated with ankaferd blood stopper.	acute gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding is one of the most frequent causes for hospitalization and responsible for a major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients. ankaferd blood stopper (abs) is a herbal extract attained from five different plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum and urtica dioica. here we report a challenging upper gi bleeding case with a low platelet count and defective hemostasis treated endoscopically with abs as an adjunctive dr ...	2011	20677211
a single dominant locus, ren4, confers rapid non-race-specific resistance to grapevine powdery mildew.	in the present study we screened the progeny of vitis vinifera × v. romanetii populations segregating for resistance to powdery mildew and determined the presence of a single, dominant locus, ren4, conferring rapid and extreme resistance to the grapevine powdery mildew fungus erysiphe necator. in each of nine ren4 pseudo-backcross 2 (pbc(2)) and pbc(3) populations (1,030 progeny), resistance fit a 1:1 segregation ratio and overall segregated as 543 resistant progeny to 487 susceptible. in full-s ...	2011	21091183
targets of red grapes: oxidative damage of dna and leukaemia cells.	vitis vinifera is a widespread crop all over the world. the biophenols present in grapes have a remarkable influence on wine quality and also confer potential health-protecting properties to this fruit. the aim of the present work was to assess the beneficial properties of skin, seeds and pulp of red table grapes (rtg) (vitis vinifera, palieri cadiz variety). two potential beneficial activities of red table grapes (rtg) were analyzed: (i) the maintenance of genomic stability studying their genot ...	2011	21366047
spliceosomal intron size expansion in domesticated grapevine (vitis vinifera).		2011	21385391
effect of myricetin on deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt-hypertensive rats.	chronic administration of myricetin (100 and 300ôçëmgôçëkg(-1), p.o., for 4 weeks) isolated from vitis vinifera (vitaceae) ameliorated hypertension and oxidative stress induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (doca)-salt in rats. myricetin treatment reduced systolic blood pressure, vascular reactivity changes and reversed the doca-induced increase in heart rate. urinary sodium excretion was significantly decreased in animals treated with myricetin compared to the doca group when measured by flame ...	2011	21391110
genetic diversity in the 3' terminal 4.7-kb region of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3.	grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3; ampelovirus, closteroviridae), associated with grapevine leafroll disease, is an important pathogen found across all major grape-growing regions of the world. the genetic diversity of glrav-3 in napa valley, ca, was studied by sequencing 4.7 kb in the 3' terminal region of 50 isolates obtained from vitis vinifera 'merlot'. glrav-3 isolates were subdivided into four distinct phylogenetic clades. no evidence of positive selection was observed in the ...	2011	21391825
vascular-specific expression of gus and gfp reporter genes in transgenic grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. albari+¦o) conferred by the egccr promoter of eucalyptus gunnii.	in the view of the economic importance of grapevine and the increasing threaten represented by vascular diseases, transgenic grapevine with enhanced tolerance could represent an attractive opportunity. hitherto, constitutive promoters have been used generally to study the effects of transgene expression in grapevine. given the fact that constitutive gene expression may be harmful to the host plant, affecting plant growth and development, the use of tissue -specific promoters restricting gene exp ...	2011	21393008
construction of a reference linkage map of vitis amurensis and genetic mapping of rpv8, a locus conferring resistance to grapevine downy mildew.	downy mildew, caused by the oomycete plasmopara viticola, is one of the major threats to grapevine. all traditional cultivars of grapevine (vitis vinifera) are susceptible to downy mildew, the control of which requires regular application of fungicides. in contrast, many sources of resistance to p. viticola have been described in the vitis wild species, among which is v. amurensis rupr. (vitaceae), a species originating from east asia. a genetic linkage map of v. amurensis, based on 122 simple s ...	2011	21404060
impact of quillaja saponaria saponins on grapevine ecosystem organisms.	the control of grapevine pathogens is a rising concern in vitis vinifera culture. the current international trend is toward banning chemicals that are highly toxic to the environment and human workers, and adopting tighter regulations. we evaluated the impact of saponins on three kinds of organisms found in grapevine culture. the ectoparasitic nematode xiphinema index, the parasitic fungus botrytis cinerea and various yeast strains representative of the must fermentation population were incubate ...	2011	21442351
photoprotective effects of 2 natural products on ultraviolet b-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skh-1 mouse skin.	abstract solar ultraviolet radiation (uv) is the major cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer in humans. photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous neoplasia. we studied the photoprotective activity of calluna vulgaris and red grape seed (vitis vinifera l, burgund mare variety [bm]) extracts in vivo in an skh-1 hairless mice skin model. fifty 8-week-old female skh-1 hairless mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 ...	2011	21470043
impacts of variations in elemental nutrient concentration of chardonnay musts on saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation kinetics and wine composition.	chardonnay, being the predominant white wine-grape cultivar in the australian wine sector, is subject to widely varying winemaking processes with the aim of producing a variety of wine styles. therefore, juice composition might not always be ideal for optimal fermentation outcomes. our aim was to better understand the composition of chardonnay juice and how compositional parameters impact on fermentation outcomes. this was achieved through a survey of 96 commercially prepared chardonnay juices d ...	2011	21476141
engineering saccharomyces cerevisiae to release 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol during fermentation through overexpression of an s. cerevisiae gene, str3, for improvement of wine aroma.	sulfur-containing aroma compounds are key contributors to the flavor of a diverse range of foods and beverages. the tropical fruit characters of vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc wines are attributed to the presence of the aromatic thiols 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3mh), 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol-acetate, and 4-mercapto-4-methylpentan-2-one (4mmp). these volatile thiols are found in small amounts in grape juice and are formed from nonvolatile cysteinylated precursors during fermentation. in this study ...	2011	21478306
expression pattern, genomic structure, and promoter analysis of the gene encoding stilbene synthase from chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata.	the gene encoding stilbene synthase (sts) plays a central role in many biochemical and physiological actions, and its metabolite resveratrol possesses broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, as well as diverse pharmacological properties, notably an anticancer effect. here, we report the expression analysis of the gene encoding sts and its promoter function from a powdery mildew (pm)-resistant chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata, and compare it with two pm-susceptible cultivated grapevines, vitis ...	2011	21504880
vitis vinifera vvnpr1.1 is the functional ortholog of atnpr1 and its overexpression in grapevine triggers constitutive activation of pr genes and enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.	studying grapevine (vitis vinifera) innate defense mechanisms is a prerequisite to the development of new protection strategies, based on the stimulation of plant signaling pathways to trigger pathogen resistance. two transcriptional coactivators (vvnpr1.1 and vvnpr1.2) with similarity to arabidopsis thaliana npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes 1), a well-characterized and key signaling element of the salicylic acid (sa) pathway, were recently isolated in vitis vinifera. in this study, functional ch ...	2011	21505863
effectiveness of insecticides in controlling the first and second generations of the lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in table grapes.	the moth lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) is a key pest of table and wine grape (vitis spp.) varieties in cyprus. many different insecticide combinations were applied for three consecutive years (2006-2008) in a sultana seedless table grape vineyard, aimed at controlling the first and second generations of this pest under warm and dry mediterranean climatic conditions. in cyprus, sultana is the main early maturing table grape variety grown in the country. l. bo ...	2011	21510208
generation and characterization of anti-chitinase monoclonal antibodies.	class iv chitinase, an allergenic protein of vitis vinifera (grape), was purified by anion exchange chromatography and used for immunization of balb/c mice. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised by hybridoma technology using sp2/0 myeloma cells. finally after three limiting dilutions, six stable clones were generated. antibody isotyping showed that igg(2a), igg(2b), and igm were produced by one, two, and three of the clones, respectively. all of the mabs had kappa light chain. the affinities ...	2011	21529287
isolation and selection of yeasts from wine grape ecosystem secreting cold-active pectinolytic activity.	the present study was undertaken with the purpose of selecting yeasts from wine grapes that are able to produce extracellular cold-active pectinases. after two consecutive selections yeast isolates were identified by pheno- and genotyping, and pectinolytic activity was preliminarily characterised at proximate winemaking conditions. out of 1023 indigenous microorganisms isolated from grape skins of d.o. san rafael (mendoza, argentina) viticulture region, 565 (55%) showed pectinolytic activity on ...	2011	21529977
physicochemical, nutritional, and antimicrobial properties of wine grape (cv. merlot) pomace extract-based films.	wine grape pomace (wgp) (cv. merlot) extract-based films were studied in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical, water barrier, nutritional, and antibacterial properties. pomace extract (pe) was obtained by hot water extraction and had a total soluble solid of 3.6% and ph 3.65. plant-based polysaccharides, low methoxyl pectin (lmp, 0.75% w/w), sodium alginate (sa, 0.3% w/w), or ticafilm (tf, 2% w/w), was added into pe for film formation, respectively. elongation at break and tensile strength ...	2011	21535831
oviposition site preferences and performance in natural resources in the human commensals drosophila melanogaster and d. simulans.	the choice of egg laying site and progeny's performance in a rearing site are important components of habitat selection. despite the huge amount of genetic, morphological, behavioral and physiological data regarding drosophila melanogaster meigen and d. simulans sturtevant, oviposition site preferences remain poorly known. we investigated resource preference (acceptance and choice) and performance (measured as larval viability, developmental time and wing size) in vitis vinifera linneo (grape) a ...	2011	21540639
xylem structure of four grape varieties and 12 alternative hosts to the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidious.	background and aims the bacterium xylella fastidiosa (xf), responsible for pierce's disease (pd) of grapevine, colonizes the xylem conduits of vines, ultimately killing the plant. however, vitis vinifera grapevine varieties differ in their susceptibility to xf and numerous other plant species tolerate xf populations without showing symptoms. the aim of this study was to examine the xylem structure of grapevines with different susceptibilities to xf infection, as well as the xylem structure of no ...	2011	21546428
anticoagulant effect of polyphenols-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds.	blood coagulation consists of a series of zymogens that can be converted by limited proteolysis to active enzymes leading to the generation of thrombin. fresh plasma and human thrombin was incubated with extracts from berries of aronia melanocarpa or seeds of vitis vinifera (0.5; 5; 50μg/ml). the in vitro experiments showed that both extracts prolonged clotting time and decreased the maximal velocity of fibrin polymerization in human plasma. moreover thrombin incubation with both extracts result ...	2011	21596108
incidence of fumonisin b(2) production by aspergillus niger in portuguese wine regions.	fumonisin b(2) (fb(2)) was recently found to be produced by aspergillus niger . when grape-derived products were subsequently analyzed, fb(2) contamination was found in raisins, must, and wine. this study evaluated 681 strains of black aspergilli species isolated from portuguese wine grapes for fb(2) production when grown on czapek yeast agar. fb(2) was not detected in aspergillus carbonarius (n = 75) or aspergillus ibericus (n = 9) strains, but it was detected in 176 (29%) of the strains belong ...	2011	21668017
compatible glrav-3 viral infections affect berry ripening decreasing sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis in vitis vinifera.	virus infections in grapevine cause important economic losses and affect fruit quality worldwide. although the phenotypic symptoms associated to viral infections have been described, the molecular plant response triggered by virus infection is still poorly understood in vitis vinifera. as a first step to understand the fruit changes and mechanisms involved in the compatible grapevine-virus interaction, we analyzed the berry transcriptome in two stages of development in the red wine cultivar cabe ...	2011	21786204
resveratrol ameliorates tnfa-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis in human cd34(+) cells via modulation of nf-?b signalling.	overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfa), has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anaemia of inflammation. tnfa suppresses erythroid colony formation via both direct and indirect effects on haematopoietic progenitors, often involving activation of nuclear factor (nf)-?b signalling resulting in downregulation of transcription factors critical for erythropoiesis. there is a dearth of effective and safe therapies for many patients with inflammat ...	2011	21762122
phenolic composition of the brazilian seedless table grape varieties brs clara and brs morena.	the detailed phenolic composition (anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, stilbenes, and flavan-3-ols) in the skin and flesh of the new brs clara and brs morena seedless table grapes has been studied using hplc-dad-esi-ms/ms. the two grapes, especially brs morena, contained high amounts of phenolic compounds, mainly located in their skins and qualitatively not different from those found in vitis vinifera grapes. in addition, brs morena (a teinturier variety) showed qualitativ ...	2011	21714563
topical grape (vitis vinifera) seed extract promotes repair of full thickness wound in rabbit.	in recent years, oxidative stress and free radicals have been implicated in impaired wound healing. grape (vitis vinifera) seed extract (gse) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. the present study was undertaken to assess the potential activity of grape seed hydroalcoholic extract in wound healing in rabbits. rabbits of either sex were subjected to a 20 +ù 20 mm square excision made over the skin of the back. the animals were randomly divided into seven experimental groups, as ...	2011	21816000
stilbenes and tyrosol as target compounds in the assessment of antioxidant and hypolipidemic activity of vitis vinifera red wines from southern brazil.	the contents of stilbene monomers, cis-resveratrol, trans-resveratrol, cis-piceid, trans-piceid, and tyrosol, were quantified in vitis vinifera red wines, cvs. cabernet franc, merlot, sangiovese, and syrah, 2006 and 2007 vintages, from the sa¦âo joaquim region, a new grape-growing region at southern brazil. moreover, the effect of chronic consumption of these wines on the antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities was monitored in c57bl6 ldl receptor knockout mice and treated with a hypercholester ...	2011	21718033
metabolic disorders and oxidative stress programming in offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet during lactation: effects of a vinifera grape skin (ach09) extract.	this study examined the effect of vitis vinifera grape skin ach09 extract (ach09) on metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in adult offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet (hf) during lactation. four groups of female rats were fed: control diet (7% fat); ach09 (7% fat + 200 mg-àkg-àd ach09 orally); hf (24% fat); hf+ ach09 (24% fat + 200 mg-àkg-àd ach09 orally) during lactation. from weaning onward, all female offspring were fed a control diet and killed when they were 90 or 180 days old. systol ...	2011	21697730
hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of grapeseeds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats.	the present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant role of grape (vitis vinifera l.) seeds (gs) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. the hepatoprotective and antioxidant roles of the gs supplementation feed against ethanol-induced oxidative stress were evaluated by measuring liver damage serum marker enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, +¦-glutamyl transpeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase, antioxidant defence system such as gs ...	2011	21733325
isolation, identification and sequence analysis of a thioredoxin h gene, a member of subgroup iii of h-type trxs from grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. askari).	thioredoxins (trxs) are small ubiquitous proteins which play a regulatory role in a variety of cellular processes. in contrast to other organisms, plants have a great number of trx types, consisting of six well-defined groups: f, m, x, and y in chloroplasts, o in mitochondria, and h mainly in cytosol. a full-length cdna, designated vvcxxs2, encoding trx h polypeptide was isolated and cloned from grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. askari) berries organ by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...	2011	21732058
resistance to plasmopara viticola in a grapevine segregating population is associated with stilbenoid accumulation and with specific host transcriptional responses.	abstract:	2011	21838877
comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion methods for the multi element determination in some dried fruit samples by icp-oes.	the aim of this study was used to investigate the level of trace metals (ba, pb, cd, mn, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, zn, sr and fe) in some dried fruits (prunus domestica l., ficus carica l., morus alba l., vitis vinifera l., prunus armeniaca l., and malus domestica) samples from turkey. trace elements were determined by icp-oes after dry, wet and microwave digestion methods in dried fruit samples. validation of the proposed method was carried out by using a nist-srm 1515-apple leaves certified referenc ...	2011	21843582
The effects of grape seeds polyphenols on SKH-1 mice skin irradiated with multiple doses of UV-B.	The study investigated the protective activity of red grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L, Burgund Mare variety) (BM) extracts in vivo on multiple doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV)-B-induced deleterious effects in SKH-1 mice skin. Eighty 8-weeks-old female SKH-1 mice were divided into 8 groups: control, vehicle, UV-B irradiated, vehicle+UV-B irradiated, BM 2.5mg polyphenols (PF)/cm(2)+UV-B irradiated, BM 4 mg PF/cm(2)+UV-B irradiated, UV-B+BM 2.5mg PF/cm(2), UV-B+BM 4 mg PF/cm(2). The extract was ap ...	2011	21925895
Proteomic analysis of the compatible interaction between Vitis vinifera and Plasmopara viticola.	We analyzed the proteome of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves 24, 48 and 96h post infection (hpi) with the downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Total proteins were separated on 2-DE gels. By MS analysis, we identified 82 unique grapevine proteins differentially expressed after infection. Upregulated proteins were often included in the functional categories of general metabolism and stress response, while proteins related to photosynthesis and energy production were mostly downregulated. As ...	2011	22120121
modeling cold curing of pierce's disease in vitis vinifera 'pinot noir' and 'cabernet sauvignon' grapevines in california.	pierce's disease (pd) of vitis vinifera grapevines is caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa, a pathogen with a wide plant host range. exposure of x. fastidiosa-infected plant tissue to cold temperatures has been shown to be effective at eliminating the pathogen from some plant hosts such as grapevines. this "cold curing" phenomenon suggests itself as a potential method for disease management and perhaps control. we investigated cold therapy of pd-affected 'pinot noir' and 'cabernet sauvigno ...	2011	22070280
Aqueous extract from Vitis vinifera tendrils is able to enrich keratinocyte antioxidant defences.	An aqueous extract of V. vinifera L. tendrils was evaluated for its ability to enrich the antioxidant capacity of cultured cells. The long-time antioxidant capability of the extract was measured by in vitro chemical methods, and its influence on reduced glutathione levels and plasma membrane oxido reductase activity was determined in cultured human keratinocytes (NCTC 2544). Keratinocytes are cells normally exposed to oxidative stress, and for this reason adequately equipped with antioxidant def ...	2011	21941905
Host suitability and gas exchange response of grapevines to potato leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).	Although potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is highly polyphagous, classic host studies do not recognize grapevines (Vitis spp.), as suitable hosts. Recently, injury has been reported and reproduction documented within grape vineyards, suggesting a host expansion for the leafhopper. To document this apparent expansion in host use, we determined whether grape plants were suitable hosts for potato leafhopper reproduction, measured the consequence of feeding injur ...	2011	21882698
Investigation of the Volatile Composition of Pinotage Wines Fermented with Different Malolactic Starter Cultures Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS).	Headspace solid phase microextraction in combination with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF-MS) was used for the detailed investigation of the impact of malolactic fermentation (MLF) using three commercial Oenococcus oeni strains on the volatile composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinotage wines. GC×GC allowed the identification of 115 volatile compounds, including both major constituents and trace-level compounds, i ...	2011	22023396
a multidisciplinary study on the effects of phloem-limited viruses on the agronomical performance and berry quality of vitis vinifera cv. nebbiolo.	viral infections are known to have a detrimental effect on grapevine yield and performance, but there is still a lack of knowledge about their effect on the quality and safety of end products. vines of vitis vinifera cv. nebbiolo clone 308, affected simultaneously by grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (glrav-1), grapevine virus a (gva), and rupestris stem pitting associated virus (rspav), were subjected to integrated analyses of agronomical performance, grape berry characteristics, instrument ...	2011	21856458
Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations.	Long term alcohol consumption is one of the important causes for liver failure and death. To complicate the existing problem there are no dependable hepatoprotective drugs and a large number of patients prefer using complementary and alternative medicines for treating and managing hepatic complications. Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues even toda ...	2011	22119904
Analysis of high-identity segmental duplications in the grapevine genome.	Segmental duplications (SDs) are blocks of genomic sequence of 1-200 kb that map to different loci in a genome and share a sequence identity > 90%. SDs show at the sequence level the same characteristics as other regions of the human genome: they contain both high-copy repeats and gene sequences. SDs play an important role in genome plasticity by creating new genes and modeling genome structure. Although data is plentiful for mammals, not much was known about the representation of SDs in plant g ...	2011	21871077
the microbial ecology of wine grape berries.	grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine production. some species are only found in grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria, while others have the ability to survive and grow in wines, constituting the wine microbial consortium. this consortium covers yeast species, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. the proportion of these microorganisms depends on th ...	2011	22189021
black fungi and associated bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of grapevine.	in this study we investigate bacterial communities in association with an enriched black-fungal community in the plant phyllosphere to test whether these fungi create an environment for specific bacteria. under organic conditions of agriculture, grapevine plants (vitis vinifera) display an increased occurrence of the black fungi aureobasidium pullulans and epicoccum nigrum. their enrichment agrees with the tolerance of these fungi to copper and sulphate, both used as main fungicides in organic v ...	2011	21944210
structural and kinetic analysis of the unnatural fusion protein 4-coumaroyl-coa ligase::stilbene synthase.	to increase the biochemical efficiency of biosynthetic systems, metabolic engineers have explored different approaches for organizing enzymes, including the generation of unnatural fusion proteins. previous work aimed at improving the biosynthesis of resveratrol, a stilbene associated a range of health-promoting activities, in yeast used an unnatural engineered fusion protein of arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) 4-coumaroyl-coa ligase (at4cl1) and vitis vinifera (grape) stilbene synthase (v ...	2011	22129213
Constitutive expression of a grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein affects gene expression and cell wall properties in uninfected tobacco.	ABSTRACT:	2011	22078230
antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selected egyptian medicinal plants.	medicinal plants have been used as a source of remedies since ancient times in egypt. the present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity and the cytotoxicity of the organic extracts from 16 selected medicinal plants of egypt. the study was also extended to the isolation of the antiproliferative compound jaeschkeanadiol p-hydroxybenzoate (fh-25) from ferula hermonis. the microbroth dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the samples aga ...	2011	22057918
the orf3-encoded proteins of vitiviruses gva and gvb induce tubule-like and punctate structures during virus infection and localize to the plasmodesmata.	the genomic rna of vitiviruses contains 5 open reading frames (orf). orf3 encodes a protein to which the function of a movement protein (mp) was assigned, based on sequence homology with other viral proteins. the aim of the research described in this paper was to gain further insight in distribution profile of the orf3 product encoded by the vitiviruses grapevine virus a (gva) and grapevine virus b (gvb). expression of the gva mp-gfp fusion protein via the virus genome in nicotiana benthamiana l ...	2011	22051060
characterization of potential aba receptors in vitis vinifera.	molecular control mechanisms for abiotic stress tolerance are based on the activation and regulation of specific stress-related genes. the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) is a key endogenous messenger in a plant's response to such stresses. a novel aba binding mechanism which plays a key role in plant cell signaling cascades has recently been uncovered. in the absence of aba, a type 2c protein phosphatase (pp2c) interacts and inhibits the kinase snrk2. binding of aba to the pyr/pyls receptors e ...	2011	22016084
biological control of botrytis cinerea using the antagonistic and endophytic burkholderia cepacia cs5 for vine plantlet protection.	antifungal activity of the burkholderia cepacia cs5 was tested in vitro and in vivo for the control of botrytis cinerea . bacterial biomass was significantly improved by the amendment of znso(4), mo(7)(nh(4))(6)o(24), and mannitol to the nby medium; consequently, the amount of the secreted fungicides was increased. the quantification of b. cinerea inhibition, in liquid and solid conditions, showed an important sensitivity of this fungus to the strain cs5 fungicides. microscopic monitoring impact ...	2011	22004162
ankaferd hemostat in the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhages.	gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding refers to any hemorrhage ascribed to the pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the mouth to the anal canal. despite the recent improvements in the endoscopic, hemostatic and adjuvant pharmacologic techniques, the reported mortality is still around 5%-10% for peptic ulcer bleeding and about 15%-20% for variceal hemorrhages. although endoscopic management reduces the rates of re-bleeding, surgery, and mortality in active bleeding; early recurrence ...	2011	22046083
Biosynthesis of the major tetrahydroxystilbenes in spruce, astringin and isorhapontin, proceeds via resveratrol and is enhanced by fungal infection.	Stilbenes are dibenzyl polyphenolic compounds produced in several unrelated plant families that appear to protect against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Stilbene biosynthesis has been well described in economically important plants, such as grape (Vitis vinifera), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and pine (Pinus species). However, very little is known about the biosynthesis and ecological role of stilbenes in spruce (Picea), an important gymnosperm tree genus in temperate and boreal forests. To ...	2011	21865488
functional effect of grapevine 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase substitution k284n on muscat flavour formation.	grape berries of muscat cultivars (vitis vinifera l.) contain high levels of monoterpenols and exhibit a distinct aroma related to this composition of volatiles. a structural gene of the plastidial methyl-erythritol-phosphate (mep) pathway, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (vvdxs), was recently suggested as a candidate gene for this trait, having been co-localized with a major quantitative trait locus for linalool, nerol, and geraniol concentrations in berries. in addition, a structured a ...	2011	21868399
Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN primes Vitis vinifera L. and confers a better tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures.	Several endophytic bacteria reportedly induce resistance to biotic stress and abiotic stress tolerance in several plant species. Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN (PsJN) is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) that is able to colonize grapevine tissues and induce resistance to gray mold. Further, PsJN induces physiological changes that increase grapevine tolerance to low non-freezing temperatures. To better understand how bacteria induced the observed phenomena, stress-related gene ...	2011	21942451
[construction of a bivalent plant expression vector carrying vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 genes and its genetic transformation in sugar beet].	we have recombined genes vvsuc11, vvsuc12 from vitis vinifera l., and root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene from ipomoea batatas l. lam., named as sp1 and sp2. we have constructed a vector pcambia2301-sp1- vvsuc11-sp2-vvsuc12 using pcambia2301 as an original vector. vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 were under the control of root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene. we transformed the vector into kws-9103 breeding line of beta vulgaris l. with agrobacterium-mediated ...	2011	22097805
A single amino acid change within the R2 domain of the VvMYB5b transcription factor modulates affinity for protein partners and target promoters selectivity.	Flavonoid pathway is spatially and temporally controlled during plant development and the transcriptional regulation of the structural genes is mostly orchestrated by a ternary protein complex that involves three classes of transcription factors (R2-R3-MYB, bHLH and WDR). In grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), several MYB transcription factors have been identified but the interactions with their putative bHLH partners to regulate specific branches of the flavonoid pathway are still poorly understood.	2011	21861899
modified magnetic nanoparticles in an electrochemical method for the ochratoxin a determination in vitis vinifera red grapes tissues.	this work described the development and characterization of an electrochemical method using square wave voltammetry (swv) combined with the use of modified magnetic nanoparticles (mnps), which had shown a rapid and sensitive determination of ochratoxin a (ota) in wine grapes (cabernet sauvignon, malbec and syrah) post-harvest tissues. the wine grapes were inoculated with aspergillus ochraceus to obtain ota in artificially infected samples. the ota was directly determined using square-wave voltam ...	2010	21111187
molecular characterization and expression analysis on two isogenes encoding 3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase in grapes.	3-deoxy-d: -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (dahps) is an entry enzyme of the shikimate pathway that connects primary carbohydrate metabolism with the biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in plants. in the present study, two dahps cdnas were cloned from grape berries (vitis vinifera) and designated as vvdahps-1 and vvdahps-2. these two cdna sequences share 75.7% of the identities. their dna corresponding to the two isogenes both contain four introns. the deduced proteins from tw ...	2010	21132375
biosynthesis of anthocyanins and their regulation in colored grapes.	anthocyanins, synthesized via the flavonoid pathway, are a class of crucial phenolic compounds which are fundamentally responsible for the red color of grapes and wines. as the most important natural colorants in grapes and their products, anthocyanins are also widely studied for their numerous beneficial effects on human health. in recent years, the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in grapes has been thoroughly investigated. their intracellular transportation and accumulation have also been ...	2010	21150825
five phylogenetic groups identified in the coat protein gene of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 obtained from portuguese grapevine varieties.	the genetic variability and population structure of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) variants were updated by examining the diversity within the viral coat protein (cp) gene among 174 isolates belonging to a collection of vitis vinifera representing most of the portuguese varieties. phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of five well-defined clusters. three of these correspond to previously defined groups, another corresponds to variants from chile for which only one sequenc ...	2010	21153745
analysis of polymorphism based on sscp markers in gamma-irradiated (co60) grape (vitis vinifera) varieties.	the effects of induced mutation produced by five different doses of gamma irradiation (20, 25, 30, 40, and 45 gy) were determined using molecular approaches in vitis vinifera cultivars, namely thompson seedless (sultani çekirdeksiz) (progenitor of seedless vinifera variety) and kalecik karasi (one of the best quality wine grape variety of turkey). mutant candidates were selected through morphological observations of mutation-induced phenotypic changes during the first, second and third vegetatio ...	2010	21157704
quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3, grapevine virus a, grapevine fanleaf virus and grapevine fleck virus in field-collected vitis vinifera l. 'nebbiolo' by real-time reverse transcription-pcr.	taqman one-step real-time qrt-pcr assays were developed for the quantitation of grapevine leafroll associated virus-1 and -3 (glrav-1 and -3), grapevine virus a (gva), grapevine fanleaf virus (gflv) and grapevine fleck virus (gfkv) in vitis vinifera l. virus load in the progenies of three 'nebbiolo' clones planted in two experimental vineyards in piemonte (northwestern italy), and carrying the viruses in different combinations, was evaluated. quantitation primers were designed on the rna-depende ...	2010	21167205
bacterial endosymbiont localization in hyalesthes obsoletus, the insect vector of bois noir in vitis vinifera.	one emerging disease of grapevine in europe is bois noir (bn), a phytoplasmosis caused by "candidatus phytoplasma solani" and spread in vineyards by the planthopper hyalesthes obsoletus (hemiptera: cixiidae). here we present the first full characterization of the bacterial community of this important disease vector collected from bn-contaminated areas in piedmont, italy. length heterogeneity pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis targeting the 16s rrna gene revealed the presenc ...	2010	21183640