Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| diagnostic utility of binax now rsv--an evaluation of the diagnostic performance of binax now rsv in comparison with cell culture and direct immunofluorescence. | the regular increase in the incidence of respiratory illness caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during winter months in the united kingdom, and other countries with temperate climate is usually accompanied by increased bed pressures especially in paediatric units in these countries. as a result, there is usually an increase in the demand for infection control services during these months. this makes obvious the need for making a rapid diagnosis of the infection during these months. bina ... | 2006 | 16756663 |
| unravelling the complexities of respiratory syncytial virus rna synthesis. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of paediatric respiratory disease and is the focus of antiviral- and vaccine-development programmes. these goals have been aided by an understanding of the virus genome architecture and the mechanisms by which it is expressed and replicated. rsv is a member of the order mononegavirales and, as such, has a genome consisting of a single strand of negative-sense rna. at first glance, transcription and genome replication appear straightfor ... | 2006 | 16760383 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection reduces beta2-adrenergic responses in human airway smooth muscle. | although respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants, the effect of rsv on human airway smooth muscle (hasm) has not been studied. we hypothesized that rsv has direct effects on camp formation and beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (adrb2) density and that adrb2 haplotype influences this response. a recombinant green-fluorescent protein (rg) expressing rsv was used to determine whether rsv could infect cultured hasm. influence of rsv infectio ... | 2006 | 16763224 |
| analysis of tlr4 polymorphic variants: new insights into tlr4/md-2/cd14 stoichiometry, structure, and signaling. | tlr4 is the signal-transducing receptor for structurally diverse microbial molecules such as bacterial lps, respiratory syncytial virus fusion (f) protein, and chlamydial heat shock protein 60. previous studies associated two polymorphic mutations in the extracellular domain of tlr4 (asp(299)gly and thr(399)ile) with decreased lps responsiveness. to analyze the molecular basis for diminished responsiveness, site-specific mutations (singly or coexpressed) were introduced into untagged and epitope ... | 2006 | 16785528 |
| isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies which neutralize human metapneumovirus in vitro and in vivo. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described member of the paramyxoviridae family/pneumovirinae subfamily and shares many common features with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), another member of the same subfamily. hmpv causes respiratory tract illnesses that, similar to human rsv, occur predominantly during the winter months and have symptoms that range from mild to severe cough, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. like rsv, the hmpv virus can be subdivided into two genetic subgroups, a and ... | 2006 | 16873237 |
| role of ccl5 (rantes) in viral lung disease. | ccl5/rantes is a key proinflammatory chemokine produced by virus-infected epithelial cells and present in respiratory secretions of asthmatics. to examine the role of ccl5 in viral lung disease, we measured its production during primary respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and during secondary infection after sensitizing vaccination that induces th2-mediated eosinophilia. a first peak of ccl5 mrna and protein production was seen at 18 to 24 h of rsv infection, before significant lymphocyt ... | 2006 | 16873271 |
| role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study. | although acute respiratory illnesses (ari) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in early childhood worldwide, little progress has been made in their control and prophylaxis. most studies have focused on hospitalized children or children from closed populations. it is essential that the viral etiology of these clinical diseases be accurately defined in the development of antiviral drugs. | 2006 | 16874165 |
| outbreak of burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in immunocompetent children caused by contaminated nebulized sulbutamol in saudi arabia. | an outbreak of 5 inpatient and otherwise healthy children admitted for respiratory problems developed dry fever and cough after a few days of hospitalization. burkhuldaria cepacia was isolated from their blood culture. the infection control department (icd) in the king fahad medical city (kfmc) detected and investigated the outbreak to identify the source of the organism and mode of transmission. | 2006 | 16877110 |
| serodiagnosis of acute respiratory infections in children in georgia. | to investigate the etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children. | 2006 | 16877849 |
| the prevalence of penicillin-non-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae among children aged < 5 years correlates with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus. | this study investigated whether the epidemiology of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococci (pnsp) colonising small children correlated with the biannual epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). colonisation rates and the prevalence of pnsp among paediatric outpatients aged < 5 years was analysed between january 1998 and september 2003 using an established national surveillance network. resistance trends were investigated using time-series analysis to assess the correlation with th ... | 2006 | 16882292 |
| the association of newly identified respiratory viruses with lower respiratory tract infections in korean children, 2000-2005. | this study was performed to evaluate the associations of newly recognized viruses, namely, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human coronavirus (hcov)-nl63, and human bocavirus (hbov) with lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in previously healthy children. | 2006 | 16886150 |
| local cd11c+ mhc class ii- precursors generate lung dendritic cells during respiratory viral infection, but are depleted in the process. | increases in numbers of lung dendritic cells (dc) observed during respiratory viral infections are assumed to be due to recruitment from bone marrow precursors. no local production has been demonstrated. in this study, we isolated defined populations of murine lung cells based on cd11c and mhc class ii (mhc ii) expression. after culture for 12 days with gm-csf, we analyzed cell numbers, dc surface markers, and ag-presenting capacity. only cd11c+ mhc ii- cells from naive mice proliferated, yieldi ... | 2006 | 16888015 |
| role of metapneumovirus in viral respiratory infections in young children. | the contribution of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) relative to that of other respiratory viruses as a cause of respiratory infections in children less than 1 year old has been evaluated. from october 2003 to april 2004, nasopharyngeal samples from 211 children less than 1 year old were analyzed to detect respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was the predominant virus isolated (96 children [45.5%]), followed by influenza a virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, an ... | 2006 | 16891486 |
| effects of anti-inflammatory therapies on recurrent and low-grade respiratory syncytial virus infections in a murine model of asthma. | recurrent and subclinical viral respiratory tract infections could immunologically exacerbate allergic airway inflammation. however, the most appropriate treatment for virus-induced asthma exacerbation is yet to be established. the effects of glucocorticoids in virus-induced acute asthma are controversial. | 2006 | 16892782 |
| genetic polymorphisms of adhesion molecules in children with severe rsv-associated diseases. | adhesion molecules are involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated diseases. by testing polymorphisms within icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin, we found no evidence for association of any polymorphism with severe rsv infections. thus, we conclude that these genes do not predispose to severe rsv-associated diseases. | 2006 | 16893383 |
| exposure of neonates to respiratory syncytial virus is critical in determining subsequent airway response in adults. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants and the elderly. furthermore, epidemiological data suggest that rsv infection during infancy is a potent trigger of subsequent wheeze and asthma development. however, the mechanism by which rsv contributes to asthma is complex and remains largely unknown. a recent study indicates that the age of initial rsv infection is a key factor in determining airway response to rsv rechallenge. we hypothesized that ... | 2006 | 16893457 |
| surveillance recommendations based on an exploratory analysis of respiratory syncytial virus reports derived from the european influenza surveillance system. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen that can cause severe illness in infants and young children. in this study, we assessed whether data on rsv collected by the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss) could be used to build an rsv surveillance system in europe. | 2006 | 16899110 |
| sharing features of uncommon respiratory syncytial virus complications in infants. | we describe 4 nonconsecutive cases of infants admitted to catholic university pediatric intensive care unit (picu) because of complicated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during winter rsv outbreaks from the year 2000 to the year 2003. a hyponatremic epileptic status (as in the first case) has been reported by several authors as a rare rsv complication, potentially leading to death. the second infant developed a serious pulmonary edema after a subglottic obstruction (croup) associated ... | 2006 | 16912626 |
| distinct patterns of evolution between respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b from new zealand isolates collected over thirty-seven years. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children worldwide. in new zealand, infants with rsv disease are hospitalized at a higher rate than other industrialized countries, without a proportionate increase in known risk factors. the molecular epidemiology of rsv in new zealand has never been described. therefore, we analyzed viral attachment glycoprotein (g) gene sequences from 106 rsv subgroup a isolates collected i ... | 2006 | 16927286 |
| epidemiologic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy infants. | we prospectively quantified disease severity associated with epidemiologic and socioeconomic parameters as well as the clinical factors in 195 previously healthy infants with confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. infants were enrolled into three subgroups according to disease severity: outpatients (82 patients), inpatients (100 patients), and intensive care unit patients (13 patients). epidemiologic parameters such as gestational age, birth weight, chronologic age at presentatio ... | 2006 | 16928839 |
| think outside the box: extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | extrapulmonary effects of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection are not uncommon. dr eisenhut's systematic review of extrapulmonary manifestations of severe rsv infection clearly demonstrates clinical consequences peripheral to the lung parenchyma. the extrapulmonary impact of rsv infection raises questions as to whether these are direct rsv effects (i.e., rsv infection of site-specific tissue), secondary to parenchymal lung disease and its causative respiratory failure, or the resu ... | 2006 | 16934132 |
| differential immune responses and pulmonary pathophysiology are induced by two different strains of respiratory syncytial virus. | in this study we performed comparisons of pulmonary responses between two different respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigenic subgroup a strains, a2 and line 19. line 19 strain induced significant dose-responsive airway hyperreactivity (ahr) in balb/c mice at days 6 and 9 after infection, whereas the a2 strain induced no ahr at any dose. histological examination indicated that a2 induced no goblet cell hyper/metaplasia, whereas the line 19 induced goblet cell expansion and significant increase ... | 2006 | 16936271 |
| respiratory syncytial virus: disease, development and treatment. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is spread by droplets and causes infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract. it is most common in infants, children under the age of five years and the elderly. due to the nature of the transmission, infections with rsv are contagious but usually short lived. pharmacological treatment involves the use of antiviral medication. nurses caring for older people, infants or young children should be aware of the risk of transmission of rsv, pathogenesis and tr ... | 2006 | 16936612 |
| relationship between ige and specific aeroallergen sensitivity in alaskan native children. | the relationship between atopic disease and serum ige levels varies among populations and geographic regions. the close association of atopy with ige may not occur in subarctic populations as it does in developed countries in temperate climates. | 2006 | 16937753 |
| hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus among california infants: disparities related to race, insurance, and geography. | to evaluate population-based rates of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated infant hospitalizations related to race/ethnicity, payer source, and geography in california. | 2006 | 16939750 |
| hospitalization attributable to influenza and other viral respiratory illnesses in canadian children. | we sought to estimate the incidence of hospitalization attributable to influenza virus infection in canadian children while controlling for the impact of other respiratory viruses. | 2006 | 16940836 |
| novel mutations in the respiratory syncytial virus g gene identified in viral isolates from a girl with severe combined immune deficiency treated with intravenous immune globulin. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause prolonged infections in individuals with compromised immunity. | 2006 | 16949862 |
| isolation of respiratory syncytial virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates stored at 20 degrees c from one to fifteen months after collection. | cell culture isolation is used for recovering respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from respiratory specimens. as rsv is a thermolabile virus, specimens destined for inoculation into cell culture require special transport, handling, and storage. the isolation rate of rsv from nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) stored at 20 20 degrees c for one to 15 months after collection was investigated. a total of 126 samples considered positive for rsv by indirect fluorescence-antibody were tested by virus isolati ... | 2006 | 16951818 |
| interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and the host cell: opportunities for antivirus strategies? | at the start of the 21st century, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a serious global health concern. although rsv has traditionally been acknowledged as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric population, the elderly and people with suppressed immune systems are now also recognised as being at risk from serious rsv infection. this problem is currently exacerbated by the lack of an effective vaccine to prevent rsv infection. although the virus proteins play a variety ... | 2006 | 16953942 |
| genetic variability in the g protein gene of group a and b respiratory syncytial viruses from india. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most commonly identified viral agent of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) of young children and causes repeat infections throughout life. limited data are available on the molecular epidemiology of rsv from developing countries, including india. this study reports on the genetic variability in the glycoprotein g gene among rsv isolates from india. reverse transcription-pcr for a region of the rsv g protein gene was done with nasopharyngeal aspirates ... | 2006 | 16954227 |
| [role of rhinovirus in respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children]. | rhinovirus is a recognized cause of common cold and has been shown to cause asthma exacerbations in adults and children. the burden of rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children has not been described in spain. | 2006 | 16956498 |
| effects of alveolar macrophage depletion on liposomal vaccine protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | little is known about the identities and roles of antigen-presenting cells upon exposure to antigens of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). here, we focused on elucidating the importance of alveolar macrophages in conferring protective immunity in mice administered a liposome-encapsulated recombinant fragment of the rsv g protein. mice were depleted of alveolar macrophages by intranasal inoculation of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylenediphosphonic acid (dmdp). mice depleted of alveolar macro ... | 2006 | 16792685 |
| properties of human igg1s engineered for enhanced binding to the neonatal fc receptor (fcrn). | we describe here the functional implications of an increase in igg binding to the neonatal fc receptor. we have defined in a systematic fashion the relationship between enhanced fcrn binding of a humanized anti-respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) monoclonal antibody (medi-524) and the corresponding biological consequences in cynomolgus monkeys. the triple mutation m252y/s254t/t256e (yte) was introduced into the fc portion of medi-524. whereas these substitutions did not affect the ability of medi- ... | 2006 | 16793771 |
| allergy skin test responses during experimental infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | allergy skin testing is one of the most frequently performed physician office procedures. many factors can affect the results of those tests, including the well-defined suppressive effect of systemic antihistamines. false-positive allergen skin test results are known to occur; however, contributing factors are not well understood. | 2006 | 16802771 |
| assessment of cmv, rsv and syn1 promoters and the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element in adenovirus vectors for transgene expression in cortical neuronal cultures. | in order to investigate protein function in rat primary cortical neuronal cultures, we modified an adenoviral vector expression system and assessed the strength and specificity of the cytomegalovirus (cmv), rous sarcoma virus (rsv), and rat and human synapsin 1 (syn1) promoters to drive dsred-x expression. we also incorporated the woodchuck post-transcriptional regulatory element (wpre) and a cmv promoter-enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporter cassette. we observed that the rsv promo ... | 2006 | 16806110 |
| ikkepsilon regulates viral-induced interferon regulatory factor-3 activation via a redox-sensitive pathway. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-induced chemokine gene expression occurs through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3. in this study, we have investigated the signaling pathway leading to rsv-induced irf-3 activation and whether it is mediated by intracellular reactive oxygen species (ros) generation. our results show that rsv infection induces expression and catalytic activity of ikkepsilon, a noncanonical ikk-like kinase. express ... | 2006 | 16806387 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections: recent prospects for control. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections remain a significant public health problem throughout the world, although recently developed and clinically approved anti-rsv antibodies administered prophylactically to at-risk populations appear to have significantly affected the disease development. much effort has been expended to develop effective anti-rsv therapies, using both in vitro assay systems and mouse, cotton rat, and primate models, with several products now in various stages of clinica ... | 2006 | 16806515 |
| cellular immunity and lung injury in respiratory virus infection. | respiratory virus infection may result in considerable lung injury, and host immune responses may be an important contributor to this. important factors that determine the magnitude of immunopathologic tissue damage include the degree of distal distribution of infection into alveolar cells, the overall viral load, the magnitude of the t-cell responses, the effector mechanisms employed by the t cells, and regulatory mechanisms which may come into play. cd8+ t cells are important contributors to v ... | 2006 | 16817757 |
| differential expression of ovine innate immune genes by preterm and neonatal lung epithelia infected with respiratory syncytial virus. | preterm infants have increased susceptibility to severe manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the cause(s) for this age-dependent vulnerability is/are not well-defined, but alterations in innate immune products have been implicated. in sheep, rsv disease severity has similar age-dependent characteristics and sheep have several related innate molecules for study during pulmonary infection including surfactant protein a (sp-a), surfactant protein d (sp-d), sheep beta defen ... | 2006 | 16817774 |
| respiratory syncytial virus disease mechanisms implicated by human, animal model, and in vitro data facilitate vaccine strategies and new therapeutics. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, and respiratory failure in infants in the us. no effective post-infection treatments are widely available, and currently there is no vaccine. rsv disease is the result of virus-induced airway damage and complex inflammatory processes. the outcome of infection depends on host and viral genetics. here, we review disease mechanisms in primary rsv infection that are implicated by clinical stud ... | 2006 | 16820210 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. | conventional fluorescent-antibody (fa) methods were compared to real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus type a (flua), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (piv1, piv2, and piv3), human metapneumovirus (mpv), and adenovirus (adv) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. at least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by fa and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by pcr (p<0.001). specimen quality w ... | 2006 | 16825353 |
| bordetella pertussis and mixed infections. | in pertussis-like respiratory infections, once pertussis has been laboratory confirmed, other potential causative pathogens will seldom be looked for. probably most mixed infections are found accidentally and since these mixed infections might cause a more severe disease we performed a retrospective study of their incidence. | 2006 | 16835573 |
| [combined effects of neonatal bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination and respiratory syncytial infection on experimental asthma in mice]. | neonatal bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination could decrease asthma prevalence in human according to "hygiene hypothesis". the authors proposed a hypothesis that effect of bcg vaccination on inhibiting asthma in human might be reversed by respiratory virus infection. the objective of this study was to observe combined effects of neonatal bcg vaccination and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on experimental asthma in mice. | 2006 | 16836848 |
| [detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children by using real-time polymerase chain reaction]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the leading cause of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. pediatric rsv disease claims more than 1 million lives annually. with the rapid development of specific anti-rsv agents and the spread of respiratory infections, rsv detection techniques with higher sensitivity, specificity and quicker performance are badly needed. this study was designed to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 2006 | 16836858 |
| induction of early murine cytomegalovirus infection by different reporter gene-associated recombinant viruses. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) has provided useful models for acute, chronic and latent cmv infection because of its similarities in structure and biology with human cmv. we report the induction of acute mcmv hepatitis with different bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-cloned virus constructs [mcmv-seap which includes the gene for secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) under rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-promoter control, mcmv-gfp which includes the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) u ... | 2006 | 16842438 |
| suppression of ifn-gamma production in atopic group at the acute phase of rsv infection. | several studies have suggested that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis induced the change of cytokine production profile in childhood. we sought to determine whether the rsv-induced cytokine production was affected by the patient's atopic background. we quantified interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin (il)-4 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) cultured for 24 h and in the presence of phytohemaglutinin (pha), il-12, or il-18, from 14 infants who we ... | 2006 | 16846456 |
| age and sex as factors of response to rsv infections among those with previous history of wheezing. | although enhanced immune reaction caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in allergen-sensitized animal model has been reported, rsv illnesses in children already sensitized or having recurrent wheezing episodes have not been completely studied. in addition, the reason for male dominances in rsv infection at young ages was also inconclusive. therefore, gender analysis in recurrent wheezing children with rsv infection can shed light on asthma pathogenesis. we studied the clinical features ... | 2006 | 16846457 |
| prevalence and clinical characteristics of human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized infants in spain. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a condition recently described in the netherlands, causes lower respiratory infections, particularly in young children and among the elderly. the objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of hmpv infections in hospitalized infants <2 years of age and to compare them to those of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a prospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics of infants admitted to hospital for respiratory inf ... | 2006 | 16850437 |
| absence of human metapneumovirus co-infection in cases of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | it has been suggested that co-infection of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in severe respiratory syncytial (rsv) virus bronchiolitis is very common. to evaluate the epidemiology of hmpv co-infection in children with severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by rsv virus. this was an observational cohort study in which hmpv and rsv viral load was measured by rt-pcr in tracheal specimens from the target population. hmpv could not be detected in any of the 30 mechanically ventilated children wit ... | 2006 | 16850438 |
| a 4-year survey on palivizumab respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-prophylaxis: how can compliance be improved? | to identify compliance-influencing factors and to suggest strategies for overcoming barriers in a preventive medicine program. | 2006 | 16854695 |
| viral etiology of pneumonia in a cohort of newborns till 24 months of age in rural mirzapur, bangladesh. | limited information is available on the etiology of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) particularly pneumonia in the rural community of developing countries since most etiological studies are carried out in the hospital settings. this study examined the etiology of pneumonia among young children in a rural community of bangladesh. a cohort of 252 newborns was followed till 24 months of age during 1993-1996. community health workers (chws) identified cases of alri during household surveilla ... | 2006 | 16857616 |
| extrapulmonary manifestations of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection--a systematic review. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis is the most important cause for admission to the paediatric intensive care unit in infants with lower respiratory tract infection. in recent years the importance of extrapulmonary manifestations of rsv infection has become evident. this systematic review aimed at summarizing the available evidence on manifestations of rsv infection outside the respiratory tract, their causes and the changes in clinical management required. | 2006 | 16859512 |
| a potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin-inactivated vaccines. | heat, oxidation and exposure to aldehydes create reactive carbonyl groups on proteins, targeting antigens to scavenger receptors. formaldehyde is widely used in making vaccines, but has been associated with atypical enhanced disease during subsequent infection with paramyxoviruses. we show that carbonyl groups on formaldehyde-treated vaccine antigens boost t helper type 2 (t(h)2) responses and enhance respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in mice, an effect partially reversible by chemical r ... | 2006 | 16862151 |
| respiratory viruses in children younger than five years old with acute respiratory disease from 2001 to 2004 in uberlândia, mg, brazil. | the main viruses involved in acute respiratory diseases among children are: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenzavirus (flu), parainfluenzavirus (piv), adenovirus (adv), human rhinovirus (hrv), and the human metapneumovirus (hmpv). the purpose of the present study was to identify respiratory viruses that affected children younger than five years old in uberlândia, midwestern brazil. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 379 children attended at hospital de clínicas (hc/ufu), from 2001 to 2004, wi ... | 2006 | 16862327 |
| risk factors for hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants in the basque country, spain. | this study analysed the role of several risk factors for hospitalization due to community-acquired, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the risk factors detected in infants hospitalized for rsv infection in the first 24 months of life were compared with those in the general infant population in our region. there were 361 episodes of hospitalization in 357 infants. eighty per cent of the infants did not present underlying conditions for severe rsv infection and only 10 (3%) were candidat ... | 2006 | 16638164 |
| alpha and lambda interferon together mediate suppression of cd4 t cells induced by respiratory syncytial virus. | the mechanism by which respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) suppresses t-cell proliferation to itself and other antigens is poorly understood. we used monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mddc) and cd4 t cells and measured [(3)h]thymidine incorporation to determine the factors responsible for rsv-induced t-cell suppression. these two cell types were sufficient for rsv-induced suppression of t-cell proliferation in response to cytomegalovirus or staphylococcus enterotoxin b. suppressive activity was tr ... | 2006 | 16641294 |
| alternaria aerosol during a bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection alters the severity of subsequent re-infection and enhances ige production. | previous studies with cattle and rodent models have shown that bovine and human rsv infections influence the immune response to inhaled allergen. in the present study, we extended these observations to examine the effect of fungal allergen alternaria alternata aerosol exposure (prior to and during brsv infection) on the immune response and clinical outcome of a secondary brsv infection. | 2006 | 16644011 |
| t280m variation of the cx3c receptor gene is associated with increased risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | recent data suggest that immunologic response during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is partially modified through interaction of viral g glycoprotein with the host's chemokine receptor, cx3cr1. we hypothesized that two nonsynonymous, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the cx3cr1 gene (cx3cr1-v249i and cx3cr1-t280m) that disrupt the affinity of cx3cr1 for its natural ligand (fractalkine) could also affect the g glycoprotein-cx3cr1 pathway. | 2006 | 16645504 |
| the impact of infection with human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viruses in young infants and children at high risk for severe pulmonary disease. | we conducted a prospective, observational study to characterize the clinical manifestations of respiratory infections caused by human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and other viruses in 194 premature infants and young children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease in buenos aires. children had 567 episodes of respiratory illness and were monitored until they were 2 years old or until the completion of the study. hmpv elicited 12 infections (2%) year-round; 30% were of moderate or greater ... | 2006 | 16652283 |
| human metapneumovirus elicits weak ifn-gamma memory responses compared with respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus (mpv) is a recently discovered pathogen that causes repeated lower respiratory tract infections beginning in infancy. the prevalence, nature and control of human regulatory responses to mpv are unknown. in this study, we develop and optimize systems to evaluate mpv-driven cytokine responses. using primary culture of human pbmc from previously exposed adults, mpv-stimulated responses were directly compared with those elicited by genetically and clinically similar respiratory ... | 2006 | 16670291 |
| the tlr4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid a, attenuates the cytokine storm associated with respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. | formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (fi-rsv) induces a poorly understood immunopathological response that leads to disease enhancement upon rsv infection of vaccinees. in the cotton rat model, inclusion of monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) in the fi-rsv formulation was found to mitigate the lung pathology associated with vaccine-enhanced disease. here we report that the protective effect of mpl on fi-rsv vaccine-enhanced disease is associated with a dramatic reduction in levels o ... | 2006 | 16675071 |
| five-year cohort study of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus associated lower respiratory tract infection in african children. | to describe the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lrti) hospitalizations in south african children over a 5-year period, and determine the impact of gestational age (ga) on the incidence of rsv-lrti hospitalization. | 2006 | 16678480 |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cells inhibit pulmonary immunopathology and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is widely spread and is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and high-risk adults, often leading to hospitalization. rsv infection leads to obstruction and inflammation of the airways and induction of innate and acquired immune responses. because dendritic cells (dcs) are essential in the elicitation of these immune responses, we investigated the presence and the role of dendritic cell subtypes upon rsv infection in the lung. here, we report that ... | 2006 | 16682497 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus in cultured cells by nucleocapsid gene targeted deoxyribozyme (dnazyme). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which presents the primary cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants and causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunodeficient patients, remains a health problem worldwide. unfortunately, an effective vaccine is currently unavailable and pharmacologic treatment needs further optimization for rsv disease. because rsv is a non-segmented negative-strand rna virus, it may be sensitive to the genome rna cleaving by dnazyme, an artificial nucleic aci ... | 2006 | 16687180 |
| nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection: impact of prospective surveillance and targeted infection control. | nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections cause serious problems in hospitalized patients. an increased effort should be made to describe the problems connected with such infections in pediatric hospitals, with the aim of reducing the occurrence of nosocomial rsv infections (ni). | 2006 | 16697255 |
| [genetic polymorphisms and infections]. | recent studies have shown that genetic variants, responsible for the different human response when facing an infectious risk, concerned the genes of proteins involved in either recognition of the infectious agent, in the inflammatory cascade, or in the coagulation process. for example, some studies clearly demonstrated that if a twin was affected by an infectious disease, the risk of infection by the same agent for the other twin was significantly higher in homozygote than in heterozygote twins. ... | 2006 | 16697544 |
| [studies on antiviral constituents in stems and leaves of pithecellibium clypearia]. | to study the antiviral constituents in the stems and leaves of pithecellibium clypearia. | 2006 | 16711425 |
| cost-effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis with palivizumab. | a monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, directed against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been shown to decrease hospitalisation rates. because of its expense, the cost-effectiveness of this agent should be determined for high-risk groups. | 2006 | 16712554 |
| combined fluticasone propionate and salmeterol reduces rsv infection more effectively than either of them alone in allergen-sensitized mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is a risk factor for the development of asthma. allergic asthmatics are more susceptible to rsv infection and viral exacerbation. | 2006 | 16719922 |
| prophylaxis with palivizumab against respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital heart disease--who should receive it? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants, and is also the leading cause of hospitalization during the first year of life. in this issue of acta paediatrica, meberg and bru report on the incidence and estimated costs of hospitalizations for rsv infections in children with congenital heart disease from a specified region in norway. conclusion: incidence figures of hospitalization due to rsv infection in this high-risk g ... | 2006 | 16720482 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infections in congenital heart defects--hospitalizations and costs. | to register hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and estimate costs of prophylaxis with humanized monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) against rsv, compared to hospital care, in cases with congenital heart defects (chds). | 2006 | 16720485 |
| increased levels of bal cysteinyl leukotrienesinacute [corrected] rsv bronchiolitis. | cysteinyl leukotrienes (cyslts), including ltc4, ltd4 and lte4, are pivotal mediators in the pathophysiology of asthma. | 2006 | 16720498 |
| [clinical and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections among adults hospitalized during 2004 influenza season]. | during yearly influenza (flu) season, flu viruses are well represented among hospitalized patients as in the community. also, other respiratory viruses could be represented among adult in-patients. aim: to describe the presence and clinical- epidemiological characteristics of non-flu respiratory virus infections (respiratory syncytial-rsv, parainfluenza and adenovirus-adv) among hospitalized adults during flu season and to compare with flu-a (ia) or -b (ib) cases. | 2006 | 16721443 |
| [respiratory virus infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and febrile neutropenia: a prospective study]. | respiratory viruses are the most common infections in healthy children. the impact of these infections in cancer patients has been only recently recognized in chile. | 2006 | 16721444 |
| antiviral flavans from the leaves of pithecellobium clypearia. | two new antiviral flavan derivatives were isolated from a methanol extract of leaves of pithecellobium clypearia as guided by antiviral assays. the structures were characterized, by spectroscopic analyses, as 7-o-galloyltricetifavan (1) and 7,4'-di-o-galloyltricetifavan (2). cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay showed that both compounds 1 and 2 possess antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with 50% inhibition concentration (ic(50)) values of 5 and 10 microg/ml, respec ... | 2006 | 16724853 |
| characterization of the cd8+ t cell responses directed against respiratory syncytial virus during primary and secondary infection in c57bl/6 mice. | the balb/c mouse model for human respiratory syncytial virus infection has contributed significantly to our understanding of the relative role for cd4+ and cd8+ t cells to immune protection and pathogenic immune responses. to enable comparison of rsv-specific t cell responses in different mouse strains and allow dissection of immune mechanisms by using transgenic and knockout mice that are mostly available on a c57bl/6 background, we characterized the specificity, level and functional capabiliti ... | 2006 | 16730775 |
| the cysteine-rich region and secreted form of the attachment g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus enhance the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte response despite lacking major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes. | the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response is important for the control of viral replication during respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the attachment glycoprotein (g) of rsv does not encode major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted epitopes in balb/c mice (h-2(d)). furthermore, studies to date have described an absence of significant ctl activity directed against this protein in humans. therefore, g previously was not considered necessary for the generation of rsv-specific ctl ... | 2006 | 16731924 |
| serum regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted concentrations and eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the aim of this study was to characterize respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. to do this, the authors evaluated eosinophil counts and chemokines including regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and presumably secreted (rantes) in children with rsv, adenoviral, and influenza virus infections. | 2006 | 16732790 |
| systemic eosinophil response induced by respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) in infants. eosinophils have been suggested to play a role in the disease pathogenesis of lrtd. inflammation can induce functional and morphological alterations of peripheral blood granulocytes. in patients with rsv lrtd, we aimed to investigate the eosinophil activation status by analysing surface markers. in vitro stimulation of eosinophils with cytokines leads to up-regulation of cd11b and priming ma ... | 2006 | 16734609 |
| anti-rna virus activity of polyoxometalates. | the anti-rna virus activity of polyoxometalates (pom) is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the anti-respiratory virus activities. there are many causative agents of acute viral respiratory infections; and it is rather difficult to identify the relevant agent in a given case by rapid clinical means. during acute progress of infection before the definitive diagnosis is obtained physicians need to prescribe certain broad spectrum anti-viral drugs. a titanium containing polyoxotungstate, pm-523 e ... | 2006 | 16737794 |
| intussusception in a child with respiratory syncytial virus: a new association. | intussusception is known to be associated with childhood viral illnesses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported in association with intussusception. we report a case of a 4-month-old boy admitted with rsv bronchiolitis, who subsequently developed an intussusception during the hospital course, necessitating laparotomy and resection. | 2006 | 16739938 |
| characterization of human metapneumovirus infections in israel. | respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. even with the advancement of diagnostic tools, the causative agent of 20 to 30% of upper respiratory tract infections go undiagnosed. recently, a newly identified human respiratory virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), was discovered in young children in the netherlands. to study the prevalence of hmpv infections in israeli children, respiratory specimens from 388 hospitalized children less than 5 years of age ... | 2006 | 16597880 |
| human metapneumovirus infections cause similar symptoms and clinical severity as respiratory syncytial virus infections. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered pathogen in respiratory tract infection. the published literature suggests milder illness severity in hmpv compared with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. in two consecutive seasons, 637 nasopharyngeal aspirates from pediatric patients were tested by hmpv polymerase chain reaction, and risk factors and clinical and laboratory items were analyzed. the hmpv patients were compared with hmpv-negative but rsv-positive patients by matche ... | 2006 | 16607540 |
| [viral transactivation of transcription by nf-kappab in steroid-responsive simple nephrotic syndrome]. | to investigate the path of viral transactivation of transcription by nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappab) in the pathogenesis of steroid-responsive simple nephrotic syndrome (srsns) triggered by respiratory tract viruses. | 2006 | 16608070 |
| four year incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children referred to emergency departments for lower respiratory tract diseases in italy: the "osservatorio vrs" study (2000-2004). | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a frequent cause of hospital admission in young children and high risk babies such as premature newborns, or babies with underlying cardiac or pulmonary disease, or immunodeficiency. outbreaks occur most frequently in the cold season in areas with temperate and mediterranean climates. aim of the "osservatorio vrs" study was to describe the time-related pattern of rsv epidemics in italy, across four consecutive epidemics, from 2000 to 2004. nasal specimens for ... | 2006 | 16608123 |
| prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: an update. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious pathogen causing significant mortality and morbidity, especially in premature infants and infants with chronic lung disease or significant congenital heart disease. therapy for rsv infection is essentially supportive, although several new compounds are under investigation. therefore, immunoprophylaxis to prevent severe rsv disease in high-risk infants assumes great significance. palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to rsv, significantly redu ... | 2006 | 16608425 |
| differential chemokine expression following respiratory virus infection reflects th1- or th2-biased immunopathology. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major viral pathogen of infants that also reinfects adults. during rsv infection, inflammatory host cell recruitment to the lung plays a central role in determining disease outcome. chemokines mediate cell recruitment to sites of inflammation and are influenced by, and influence, the production of cytokines. we therefore compared chemokine production in a mouse model of immunopathogenic rsv infection in which either th1 or th2 immunopathology is induced by ... | 2006 | 16611912 |
| frequency of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age at a locality of mexico city. | a locality in the district of tlalpan, mexico city, was selected in order to identify the viral agents in children younger than 5 years of age with acute respiratory infection (ari). a total of 300 children were randomly selected and were included in this study for a period of 13 months. during this period nasopharyngeal exudates were collected for the isolation of viral agents. monoclonal fluorescent antibodies were used for viral identification after cell culture. viral infection was detected ... | 2006 | 16612508 |
| comparison of complement fixation with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to respiratory viral antigens. | we compared complement fixation (cf) for the measurement of antibodies against influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (para-1, para-2, and para-3) with 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa kits, a and b). the igg elisa kits compared very well with each other except for the influenza a and b igg elisas. the igg elisas, in general, did not agree with cf in contrast, the igm elisas compared well with cf and each ot ... | 2006 | 16613352 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in human lung epithelial cells. | we have previously shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (ppargamma) agonists inhibited the inflammatory response of rsv-infected human lung epithelial cells. in this study, we supply evidence that specific ppargamma agonists (15d-pgj2, ciglitazone, troglitazone, fmoc-leu) efficiently blocked the rsv-induced cytotoxicity and development of syncytia in tissue culture (a549, hep-2). all ppargamma agonists under study markedly inhibited the cell surface expression of the viral ... | 2006 | 16616290 |
| t helper 1/t helper 2 cytokine imbalance in respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with increased endogenous plasma cortisol. | cellular immunity has classically been described as the defense mechanism for viral infections. the development of cellular or humoral immune responses will depend on a repertoire of cytokines produced by numerous cells, including cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. these lymphocytes can be subdivided into 2 subsets, t helper 1 (th1) and th2, on the basis of the cytokine profiles they synthesize. type 1 t cells produce interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), an essential cytokine in the viral cell-mediated immune resp ... | 2006 | 16618789 |
| intranasal immunisation with inactivated rsv and bacterial adjuvants induces mucosal protection and abrogates eosinophilia upon challenge. | we have previously shown that following intranasal exposure to influenza virus, specific plasma cells are generated in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt) and maintained for the life of the animal. however, we also showed that following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), specific plasma cells are generated in the nalt but wane quickly and are not maintained even after challenge, even though rsv-specific serum antibody responses remain robust. only infection with influenza ... | 2006 | 16619288 |
| respiratory syncytial virus inhibits granulocyte apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and nf-kappab-dependent mechanism. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children. it is associated with increased neutrophil numbers in the airway. in this study, we assessed whether this ssrna virus can directly influence granulocyte longevity. by culturing rsv with granulocytes, it was observed that virus delays both constitutive neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis. using pharmacological inhibitors, the rsv-induced delay in neutrophil apoptosis was found to be dependent on bo ... | 2006 | 16622022 |
| interactions of viral pathogens on hospital admissions for pneumonia, croup and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: results of a multivariate time-series analysis. | co-circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza has made the partitioning of morbidity and mortality from each virus difficult. given the interaction between chronic obstructive lung disease (copd) and pneumonia, often one can be mistaken for the other. multivariate time-series methodology was applied to examine the impact of rsv and influenza on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and copd. the granger causality test, used to determine the causal relationship amo ... | 2006 | 16623988 |
| respiratory syncytial virus group a and b genotypes and disease severity among cuban children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of serious lower tract infections in infants. comorbid conditions such as chronic diseases and prematurity have been associated with greater severity illness, but virus genotypes and disease severity is still unknown. | 2006 | 16624656 |
| impact of rapid influenza testing at triage on management of febrile infants and young children. | to determine the impact of an emergency department (ed) triage protocol for rapid influenza testing of febrile infants and children on additional diagnostic testing, ed charges and patient time in the ed. | 2006 | 16628094 |
| decreased bacterial clearance from the lungs of mice following primary respiratory syncytial virus infection. | virus respiratory infections often precede bacterial pneumonia in healthy individuals. in order to determine the potential role of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in bacterial secondary infections, a mouse sequential pulmonary infection model was developed. mice were exposed to rsv then challenged with streptococcus pneumoniae (stpn). exposure of balb/c mice to 10(6)-10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of virus of rsv significantly decreased stpn clearance 1-7 days following rsv exposure. this fi ... | 2006 | 16628585 |
| molecular characterization of iranian wheat stripe virus shows its taxonomic position as a distinct species in the genus tenuivirus. | the full lengths of three genome segments of iranian wheat stripe virus (iwsv) were amplified by reverse transcription (rt) followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using a primer complementary to tenuivirus conserved terminal sequences. the segments were sequenced and found to comprise 3469, 2337, and 1831 nt, respectively. the gene organization of these segments is similar to that of other known tenuiviruses, each displaying an ambisense coding strategy. iwsv segments, however, are differen ... | 2006 | 16328148 |
| a virologic survey of patients admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure. | to document the prevalence of respiratory virus infections in patients with chronic cardiac or pulmonary disorders admitted to a critical care unit for acute cardiorespiratory failure. | 2006 | 16328219 |
| peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from rsv-infected epithelial cells. | the epithelial cells of the airways are the target cells for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and the site of the majority of the inflammation associated with the disease. recently, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (ppargamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties. therefore, we investigated the role of ppargamma agonists (15d-pgj(2), ciglitazone and troglitazone) on the synthesis of rsv-induced cy ... | 2006 | 16330064 |