Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| relationship of early childhood viral exposures to respiratory symptoms, onset of possible asthma and atopy in high risk children: the canadian asthma primary prevention study. | the contribution of respiratory viral infections to the onset of asthma and atopy is controversial. in "high risk" children (n = 455) born into asthmatic/atopic families, we determined the relationship of exposures to common respiratory viruses and concomitant respiratory symptoms, and to subsequent possible asthma and atopy at ages 1 and 2 years. frozen nasal specimens, obtained when children were 2 weeks, 4, 8, and 12 months old, underwent reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pc ... | 2007 | 17245731 |
| floods of fever. | 2007 | 17251079 | |
| multicenter beta trial of the genexpert enterovirus assay. | the genexpert dx system (cepheid, sunnyvale, ca) is a fully integrated and automated nucleic acid sample preparation, amplification, and real-time detection system. it consists of an instrument, a personal computer, and disposable fluidic cartridges. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the genexpert enterovirus assay (gxea) were determined with a panel of 63 different enterovirus serotypes and 24 other microorganisms, respectively. the potential for blood, hemoglobin, white blood cells ... | 2007 | 17251395 |
| acute idiopathic maculopathy: report of a bilateral case manifesting a macular hole. | to report an unusual patient with bilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy that was associated with a macular hole and elevated coxackievirus titers. | 2007 | 17258809 |
| enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus infection screening in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. | sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ssnhl) is frequently classified as 'idiopathic' since the causative factor is not identified in most cases. in the present study we determined whether ssnhl is associated with common viral infections, namely enterovirus, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv). between april 2004 and march 2005, we conducted a prospective cohort study on 48 unselected patients with unilateral idiopathic ssnhl. plasma samples obtained at presentation were analyzed for ... | 2007 | 17259705 |
| mda-5 is cleaved in poliovirus-infected cells. | infections with rna viruses are sensed by the innate immune system through membrane-bound toll-like receptors or the cytoplasmic rna helicases rig-i and mda-5. it is believed that mda-5 is crucial for sensing infections by picornaviruses, but there have been no studies on the role of this protein during infection with poliovirus, the prototypic picornavirus. beginning at 4 h postinfection, mda-5 protein is degraded in poliovirus-infected cells. levels of mda-5 declined beginning at 6 h after inf ... | 2007 | 17267501 |
| the vp1 structural protein of enterovirus 71 interacts with human ornithine decarboxylase and gene trap ankyrin repeat. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is a major etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (hfmd). several outbreaks in east asia were associated with neurological complications and numerous deaths. ev71 possesses four structural proteins vp1-vp4 that are necessary in the formation of the pentameric icosahedral capsid. the viral capsid contributes to virulence, and vp1 is a prime target for ev71 vaccine development. using yeast two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrated binding affinity between vp1 and three ... | 2007 | 17276651 |
| comparison of a reporter assay and immunomagnetic separation real-time reverse transcription-pcr for the detection of enteroviruses in seeded environmental water samples. | two newly developed protocols for infective virus detection were compared to the plaque assay. an immunomagnetic separation procedure coupled with real-time reverse transcription-pcr of viral nucleic acids was developed to identify intact enteroviral particles, and a reporter cell system responding to viral replication based on fluorescent resonance energy transfer for detection of infectious enteroviruses was tested. both new procedures detected infective viruses in environmental samples at the ... | 2007 | 17277214 |
| human enterovirus 71 disease in sarawak, malaysia: a prospective clinical, virological, and molecular epidemiological study. | human enterovirus (hev)-71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (cns) complications, but the role of hev-71 genogroups or dual infection with other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear. | 2007 | 17278054 |
| characterisation of indicator organisms and pathogens in domestic greywater for recycling. | greywater from baths, showers and washbasins was collected separately from all other domestic wastewater at a university block of flats with a dual reticulation system and analysed for a range of contaminants including indicator organisms and pathogens. greywater flow and temperature were also monitored and a diurnal variation was observed. physical and chemical water quality parameters were similar to previously published data, although measured cod and bod levels appeared to be lower, possibly ... | 2007 | 17285257 |
| cinnamacrins a-c, cinnafragrin d, and cytostatic metabolites with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity from cinnamosma macrocarpa. | two new monomeric and two new dimeric drimane sesquiterpenes, cinnamacrins a-c (1-3) and cinnafragrin d (4), along with bemadienolide (5), capsicodendrin (6), cinnamodial (7), cinnamolide (8), isopolygodial (9), and delta-tocotrienol (10), were isolated from cinnamosma macrocarpa. the structures of the new compounds were determined by physical, chemical, and spectroscopic evidence. capsicodendrin (6) and/or cinnamodial (7) are the major compounds in c. fragrans and c. macrocarpa, which are both ... | 2007 | 17286431 |
| complex genetic control of host susceptibility to coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis. | the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is a multifactorial process involving host genetics, viral genetics and the environment in which they interact. we have used a model of infection with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) to characterize the contribution of host genetics to viral myocarditis in mice of different genetic backgrounds but with a common h2 haplotype: a/j and b10.a-h2(a). here we have used evans blue dye as a quantitative biomarker for susceptibility to cvb3-induced myocarditis in addition t ... | 2007 | 17287827 |
| role of the capsid protein vp4 in the plasma-dependent enhancement of the coxsackievirus b4e2-infection of human peripheral blood cells. | it has been previously shown that antibodies contained in human plasma directed towards the coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4)e2 capsid protein vp4 can enhance the cvb4e2-induced production of ifn-alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). the aim of this study was to produce a vp4 fusion protein to investigate the role of the internal capsid protein vp4 and anti-vp4 antibodies in the plasma-dependent enhancement of cvb4e2 infection of pbmc. a fusion protein mbpvp4 containing the vp4 insert of cv ... | 2007 | 17291618 |
| two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in africa due to genotype iii coxsackievirus a24 variant. | reported here are two outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis that occurred in the democratic republic of the congo and in morocco in the summers of 2003 and 2004, respectively, with a large impact on public health. virus was isolated from the conjunctival swabs of 30 congolese and 20 moroccan patients. enterovirus-specific cytopathic effect was observed in all samples. none of the strains could be typed using a conventional neutralization assay with the melnick intersecting pools; however ... | 2007 | 17294159 |
| a histone deacetylase inhibitor enhances adenoviral infection of renal cancer cells. | coxsackie and adenovirus receptor is a high affinity receptor for adenovirus type 5. to our knowledge the expression profile of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in renal cancer has not been described. we evaluated the expression of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor in human renal cancer specimens and determined whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor fk-228 (astelas pharmaceutical, osaka, japan) increases the efficiency of adenoviral infections in renal carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. | 2007 | 17296436 |
| echovirus infection causes rapid loss-of-function and cell death in human dendritic cells. | coxsackie b viruses (cvb) and echoviruses (ev) form a single species; human enterovirus b (hev-b), within the genus enterovirus. although hev-b infections are usually mild or asymptomatic, they can cause serious acute illnesses. in addition, hev-b infections have been associated with chronic immune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and chronic myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy. it has therefore been suggested that these viruses may trigger an autoimmune process. here, we demonstrate t ... | 2007 | 17298395 |
| integrated reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction systems for virus detection. | the current study reports on an integrated microreverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) system for molecular diagnosis of microorganisms automatically. by using antibodies-conjugated superparamagnetic beads, the developed system can detect viruses with higher sensitivity and specificity when compared with traditional biological diagnosis methods using a ribonucleic acid (rna) extraction kit. the target viruses were first captured by the conjugated antibodies on the magnetic bead ... | 2007 | 16978853 |
| in vitro (1)h nmr studies of rd human cell infection with echovirus 11. | the effects of echovirus 11 infection on rd human cell line (derived from rhabdomyosarcoma) were studied using (1)h nmr spectroscopy and optical microscopy. both uninfected and infected cells consumed glucose and produced lactate, acetate and formate as extracellular metabolites. in infected whole cells, phosphocholine and uridine-sugar were observed in addition to the metabolites observed in uninfected cells. water-soluble intracellular metabolites of infected cells showed glutamine, phosphocho ... | 2007 | 17013981 |
| asymptomatic circulation of hev71 in norway. | widespread circulation of human enterovirus 71 was discovered in a prospective study of fecal samples obtained from healthy norwegian children. molecular characterization of the virus determined that it belonged to genotype c1. complete sequencing of this strain, hev71 804/no/03, revealed differences in the 5'utr and polymerase with respect to more pathogenic genotypes that may explain its reduced neurovirulence. | 2007 | 16965832 |
| identification, phenotypic analysis, and full-length nucleotide sequence of a dutch coxsackievirus a20 isolate. | recombination between (human) enteroviruses is a common event in nature. recently, it has been recognised that this feature has a major impact on the use of the live-attenuated polio vaccine during the end stage of polio eradication. the constraints for successful recombination between (vaccine-derived) polioviruses and human enteroviruses are, however, largely unknown. here, we describe the identification and characterisation of a hev-c field strain, isolated from the stool of a 2-year-old dutc ... | 2007 | 16964555 |
| bupleurum kaoi inhibits coxsackie b virus type 1 infection of ccfs-1 cells by induction of type i interferons expression. | coxsackie b virus type 1 (cvb1) infection is known to cause high morbidity and mortality in children, however, there is no effective drug for treating this disease. the present study aimed to examine the antiviral activity of bupleurum kaoi (bk), a popular herbal drug for treating viral and bacterial infections, against cvb1 infection and its mechanisms of action. our data showed that bk neutralized the cvb1-induced cytopathic effect in human neonatal foreskin fibroblast cell line (ccfs-1/kmc), ... | 2007 | 17052829 |
| 2'-c-methylcytidine as a potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | we report on the potent and selective in vitro antiviral activity of 2'-c-methylcytidine (2'-c-metcyt) against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). fmdv belongs to the picornaviridae and has the potential to cause devastating epidemics in livestock. the 50% and 90% effective concentrations (ec50 and ec90) for inhibition of the fmdv-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) formation were 6.4+/-3.8 and 10.8+/-5.4 microm. comparable ec50 values for inhibition of viral rna synthesis were observed. treatment ... | 2007 | 17055073 |
| structure of the 5' nontranslated region of the coxsackievirus b3 genome: chemical modification and comparative sequence analysis. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is a picornavirus which causes myocarditis and pancreatitis and may play a role in type i diabetes. the viral genome is a single 7,400-nucleotide polyadenylated rna encoding 11 proteins in a single open reading frame. the 5' end of the viral genome contains a highly structured nontranslated region (5'ntr) which folds to form an internal ribosome entry site (ires) as well as structures responsible for genome replication, both of which are critical for virulence. a structu ... | 2007 | 17079314 |
| deletions within the 5'utr of coxsackievirus b3: consequences for virus translation and replication. | key features of an ideal rna-based vaccine against coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) are (i) limited genome replication/virus production (to minimize vaccine-related pathology) and (ii) abundant virus protein synthesis (to maximize immunogenicity). these attributes may apply to cvb3 rnas lacking up to 250 nucleotides (nt) from their 5' terminus; these rnas do not give rise to infectious progeny, but they have been reported to retain the entire cvb3 ires (mapped to nt approximately 432-639) and to produce ... | 2007 | 17084431 |
| alcoholic pancreatitis: mechanisms of viral infections as cofactors in the development of acute and chronic pancreatitis and fibrosis. | acute and chronic pancreatitis is associated with alcohol abuse, but symptomatic pancreatitis develops in only a small proportion of persons (10-20%) who abuse alcohol. this apparent paradox has led to the notion that additional cofactors are involved in the development of alcoholic pancreatitis. potential cofactors, such as diet and smoking, have been suggested, but there are no compelling epidemiologic data to support this idea. a number of viruses and some bacteria have been shown to infect t ... | 2007 | 17095612 |
| viral infections as potential triggers of type 1 diabetes. | during the last decades, the incidence of type 1 diabetes (t1d) has increased significantly, reaching percentages of 3% annually worldwide. this increase suggests that besides genetical factors environmental perturbations (including viral infections) are also involved in the pathogenesis of t1d. t1d has been associated with viral infections including enteroviruses, rubella, mumps, rotavirus, parvovirus and cytomegalovirus (cmv). although correlations between clinical presentation with t1d and th ... | 2007 | 17103489 |
| strand-specific silencing of a picornavirus by rna interference: evidence for the superiority of plus-strand specific sirnas. | rna interference triggered by small interfering rnas (sirnas) can be used to effectively contain viral spread. here, we report on the mechanism of action of sirnas targeting the medically important coxsackievirus b3 (cvb-3) as a typical representative of viruses with a non-segmented rna genome in positive-strand orientation. antiviral sirnas can be designed to target the genomic (+)-strand, the (-)-strand that occurs as a replication intermediate, or both. in the present study, two complementary ... | 2007 | 17112603 |
| immunomodulation by interleukin-4 suppresses matrix metalloproteinases and improves cardiac function in murine myocarditis. | immune response is critically involved in determining the course of viral myocarditis and immunomodulation. different cytokines may have either deleterious or protective effects. following acute coxsackievirus b3 infection, intramyocardial inflammation is associated with altered myocardial matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) expression and left ventricular dysfunction. in this study, we evaluated the effect of exogenous interleukin-4 treatment on myocardial inflammation, mmps and left ventricular fun ... | 2007 | 17113076 |
| genetic diversity of coxsackievirus a16 associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemics in japan from 1983 to 2003. | to clarify the chronologic genetic diversity of coxsackievirus a16 (cv-a16) strains associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) epidemics in a restricted area and their genetic relation with those isolated in other areas, we investigated the genetic diversity of the 129 cv-a16 strains associated with hfmd epidemics in fukushima, japan, from 1983 to 2003, and compared their genetic relation to 49 cv-a16 strains isolated in other areas of japan and in china by using phylogenetic analysis ... | 2007 | 17093028 |
| differences in replication capacity between enterovirus 71 isolates obtained from patients with encephalitis and those obtained from patients with herpangina in taiwan. | the cellular-tropism and biological characteristics of enterovirus 71 (ev71) isolates in taiwan (tw) were studied. growth curve experiments were conducted using cell lines that were possibly exhibited pathogenesis, and rt-pcr and sequencing tests were undertaken to amplify the 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr). the encephalitis isolate ev71 tw98ntu2078 was pbmc-tropic, temperature-resistant (tr) at 40 degrees c, and easier to replicate in htb-14 (astrocytoma) than the herpangina isolate ev71 tw98ntu ... | 2007 | 17133556 |
| microarray-in-a-tube for detection of multiple viruses. | the detection of multiple viruses is important for pathogenic diagnosis and disease control. microarray detection is a good method, but requires complex procedures for multiple virus detection. | 2007 | 17158198 |
| coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in mice: a model of autoimmune disease for studying immunotoxicity. | excellent animal models are available for virus-induced and autoimmune heart disease that are remarkably similar to human disease. developing good animal models for heart disease is crucial because cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of death in the united states and is estimated to be the leading cause of death in the world by the year 2020. a significant proportion of heart disease in western populations is associated with inflammation. myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart mus ... | 2007 | 17161308 |
| reticulon 3 binds the 2c protein of enterovirus 71 and is required for viral replication. | enterovirus 71 is an enterovirus of the family picornaviridae. the 2c protein of poliovirus, a relative of enterovirus 71, is essential for viral replication. the poliovirus 2c protein is associated with host membrane vesicles, which form viral replication complexes where viral rna synthesis takes place. we have now identified a host-encoded 2c binding protein called reticulon 3, which we found to be associated with the replication complex through direct interaction with the enterovirus 71-encod ... | 2007 | 17182608 |
| an rna extraction protocol for shellfish-borne viruses. | the gptt virus rna extraction method, originally developed for extraction of human norovirus and hepatitis a virus rnas from contaminated shellfish, was evaluated for extraction of rna from aichi virus strain a846/88 (aiv), coxsackievirus strains a9 (cav9) and b5 (cbv5), murine norovirus (strain mnv-1), and the norovirus surrogate, feline calicivirus (fcv) strain kcd, for the purpose of rt-pcr detection within seeded oyster (crassostrea virginica) extracts. the rt-pcr equivalent sensitivities ob ... | 2007 | 17184849 |
| inducible cardiac-restricted expression of enteroviral protease 2a is sufficient to induce dilated cardiomyopathy. | enterovirus infection is a cause of cardiomyopathy. we previously demonstrated that enteroviral protease 2a directly cleaves the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. however, the direct effect of protease 2a in enteroviral cardiomyopathy is less clear because other viral proteins are also expressed with viral infection. | 2007 | 17190866 |
| phylogenetic analysis of echovirus 11 in the 3' end of the vp1. | echovirus 11 is one of the most frequently isolated enterovirus serotypes, causing a wide range of clinical diseases. we studied the genetic diversity in the 3' end of the vp1 gene of strains from different geographical origin in the world. | 2007 | 17191012 |
| anti-enterovirus activity and structure-activity relationship of a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles. | despite the fact that enteroviruses are implicated in a variety of human diseases, there is no approved therapy for the treatment of enteroviral infections. here, a series of 2,6-dihalophenyl-substituted 1h,3h-thiazolo[3,4-a]benzimidazoles with anti-enterovirus activity is reported. the compounds elicit potent activity against coxsackievirus a9, echovirus 9 and 11 and all six strains of coxsackievirus b. a structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the presence of substituents at pos ... | 2007 | 17194441 |
| fatal ulcerative and hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in a pregnant heifer associated with natural bovine enterovirus type-1 infection. | one 2-year-old, 7.5 months pregnant aberdeen angus out of a herd of 100 apparently healthy cows, died within 10 hours of hospitalization. at necropsy, multiple foci of mucosal hemorrhage and ulceration were observed in the spiral colon and cecum. virus isolation from intestinal lesions yielded a cytopathic virus, which was revealed by electron microscopy to be an approximately 27 nm, nonenveloped virus. further characterization by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), sequenc ... | 2007 | 17197635 |
| viral infections of the central nervous system in brazil. | epidemiological studies have shown that most central nervous system (cns) infections are viral. the objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge base concerning viral cns infections in ribeirão preto, brazil. | 2007 | 17198733 |
| enterovirus-induced fulminant myocarditis and hemophagocytic syndrome. | we report the case of a 17-year-old male who was admitted to the emergency department in cardiogenic shock and multiorgan failure due to fulminant myocarditis. the following days the patient developed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. bone marrow examination showed many mature histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. nested reverse transcriptase-pcr molecular analysis of blood samples and sequencing of the amplified alleles confirmed enteroviral infection. our patient was treate ... | 2007 | 16733067 |
| dual role of infections as risk factors for coronary heart disease. | the aim of the study was to explore whether exposure to microbial agents determines the prevalence of acute coronary events. | 2007 | 16780845 |
| influence of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the replication of coxsackie type b5 and influenza a viruses. | pteridine derivatives neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are produced by human macrophages and dendritic cells upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and therefore become detectable in increased amounts in humans during cell-mediated (th1-type) immune response. compounds produced upon influence of cytokine ifn-gamma often exert antiproliferative and antiviral activity. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin on the replication of coxs ... | 2007 | 16868770 |
| evaluation of enterovirus recovery in surface water by different adsorption and elution procedures. | the performance of six concentration method combinations and two quantitative analysis techniques were evaluated in terms of enterovirus recovery efficiencies by adjusting the ph and salt concentration of water samples. of the six concentration method combinations, adsorption on nitrocellulose membranes followed by an acid rinse elution consistently gave the highest recovery efficiencies. in theory, an electropositive membrane should be the most appropriate technique for adsorption of electroneg ... | 2007 | 16875713 |
| characterisation of two enteroviruses isolated from australian brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) in new zealand. | two enteroviruses, designated w1 and w6, were isolated from intestinal contents of australian brushtail possums (trichosurus vulpecula) in new zealand. the genomic sequences of w1 and w6 were 7390 and 7391 nucleotides (nt), respectively. genetically, possum isolates w1 and w6 were related to bovine enterovirus serotype 2 (bev-2) strains, especially to the strain ps87/belfast, based on the capsid protein sequence. however, w1 and w6 formed a clade that was distinct from ps87belfast based on nucle ... | 2007 | 16906477 |
| high immunogenic enterovirus 71 strain and its production using serum-free microcarrier vero cell culture. | developing an effective vaccine against enterovirus 71 (ev71) infection provides the best means to control the disease. we have previously reported that large-scale preparation of a low immunogenic ev71 strain can be achieved using serum free microcarrier vero cell culture in a 2-l bioreactor [wu sc, liu cc, lian wc. optimization of microcarrier cell culture process for the inactivated enterovirus type 71 vaccine development. vaccine 2004;22:3858-64]. this present work further investigated the v ... | 2007 | 16919374 |
| special problems of children with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and the enteroviral link. | since 1997, it has been known that myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome constitutes the biggest cause of long-term sickness leading to absence from school, in both staff and pupils. the scale of the problem in children is substantial, and the pattern of illness in schools suggests a prominent role for viral infection--for example, the clustering of cases. the dowsett-colby study of 1997, researching long-term sickness, reported on a school roll of 333,024 pupils and 27,327 staff, a ... | 2007 | 16935964 |
| myalgic encephalomyelitis: a review with emphasis on key findings in biomedical research. | this review examines research findings in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis in light of the current debate about this chronic multiple-symptom, multiorgan, multisystem illness and the conflicting views in medicine. these issues cannot be separated from the political opinions and assertions that conflict with science and medicine, and will be part of this review as they have enormous consequences for scientific and medical research, patients, clinicians, carers and policy makers. | 2007 | 16935967 |
| toll-like receptor 3 is an essential component of the innate stress response in virus-induced cardiac injury. | enterovirus-induced myocardial injury can lead to severe heart failure. to date, little is known about the early innate stress response that contributes to host defense in the heart. toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) is important in the initiation of the innate antiviral response. we investigated the involvement of tlr3, which recognizes viral double-stranded rna, on encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. to examine the contribution of tlr3 in protection from emcv infection, we infected mice def ... | 2007 | 16936008 |
| vaccine adverse events reported in post-marketing study of the kitasato institute from 1994 to 2004. | general physicians, pediatricians and parents realize that serious adverse events occur with an extremely rare incidence, but have no information on the incidences of vaccine-associated adverse events. a proper understanding of vaccine adverse events would be helpful in promoting an immunization strategy. causal association can rarely be determined in adverse events through laboratory examinations. we examined the cases reported in the post-marketing surveillance of the kitasato institute, categ ... | 2007 | 16945455 |
| the difficult-to-cultivate coxsackieviruses a can productively multiply in primary culture of mouse skeletal muscle. | coxsackieviruses a (cva) are associated with several clinical manifestations such as aseptic meningitis and paralytic syndromes in humans. most cva are difficult-to-cultivate, which impedes their propagation and isolation from clinical material. here, we tested the ability of cultivable (cva-13, cva-14), and difficult-to-cultivate (cva-6, cva-22) strains to infect primary cultures of skeletal muscle cells established from newborn mice. we found that such cultures sustained the multiplication of ... | 2007 | 16956688 |
| enteroviral infections in children with malignant disease: a 5-year study in a single institution. | the clinical presentation, severity and outcome of enteroviral infections in children with malignancy were studied. | 2007 | 16959324 |
| rt-pcr for confirmation of echovirus 30 isolated in belém, brazil. | echovirus (echo) 30 or human enterovirus b is the most frequent enterovirus associated with meningitis cases. epidemics and outbreaks of this disease caused by echo 30 have occurred in several countries. in brazil, echo 30 has been isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks that occurred mainly in the south and southeast regions. we used rt-pcr to examine echo 30 isolates from meningitis cases detected from march 2002 to december 2003 in belém, state of pará, in northern brazil. the patients wer ... | 2007 | 17873993 |
| outbreak of neurologic enterovirus type 71 disease: a diagnostic challenge. | similar to poliovirus, enterovirus type 71 (ev71) causes severe disease, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and acute cardiopulmonary dysfunction. large epidemics of ev71 infection have been reported worldwide. | 2007 | 17879907 |
| analysis of multiple enteric viral targets as sewage markers in coral reefs. | water and coral mucus samples were collected from throughout the florida keys national marine sanctuary and the dry tortugas for three years and were analyzed for human enteric viruses (enteroviruses, noroviruses, hepatitis a virus and adenoviruses) as conservative markers of human sewage using molecular methods. of the 100 coral and water samples collected, 40 contained genetic material from one or more human enteric viruses. dna-based adenoviruses were detected widely, in 37.8% of samples and ... | 2007 | 17881013 |
| treatment options in myocarditis: what we know from experimental data and how it translates to clinical trials. | although viral myocarditis has been mostly attributed to enterovirus and adenovirus infection until recently, the association with parvovirus b19 in europe and hepatitis c virus in asia has lately been noted. clinical trials of antiviral agents, such as interferons, are in progress. whereas immunosuppression with corticosteroids or cyclosporine is ineffective, immunosuppressors that do not promote viral replication, such as fty720, are promising new approaches. the inhibition of nuclear factor-k ... | 2007 | 17882370 |
| [construction and sequencing of full-length cdna clone of swine vesicular disease virus strain hk'1/70]. | by race, 2 overlapping cdna fragments (3'pcr and 5'pcr fragments) covering the full genome of swine vesicular disease virus strain hk'1/70 were amplified from total rna extracted from experimentally infected suckling mice. these fragments were cloned into pgem-t easy vector, respectively. 5'pcr fragment was digested by enzymes of aat ii and bssh ii, and the aat ii-bssh ii-digested 5'pcr fragment was obtained and cloned into the recombinant pgem-t easy vector containing 3'pcr fragment,the recombi ... | 2007 | 17886721 |
| guillain barre syndrome: the leading cause of acute flaccid paralysis in hazara division. | acute flaccid paralysis (afp) can be caused by a number of conditions. a common preventable cause is poliomyelitis which is still being reported in pakistan, guillain barre syndrome (gbs), also known as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, is another common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. it is important to recognize gbs in childhood as parents consider all acute flaccid paralysis to be due to poliomyelitis. the present study was designed to know the frequency of different causes o ... | 2007 | 17867475 |
| coxsackievirus b3 activates nuclear factor kappa b transcription factor via a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase b-dependent pathway to improve host cell viability. | coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is the most common viral infectant of heart muscle. cvb3 directly injures cardiomyocytes. we have previously reported on a regulatory role for the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (pi3k)/protein kinase b (akt) pathway during cvb3 infection. yet, the mechanism underlying this regulatory role has not been elucidated. the pi3k/akt pathway is involved in various cellular processes and exerts its function through the activation of several downstream effectors. among them, nuclea ... | 2007 | 17848167 |
| [study on the molecular typing and epidemiology of non-polio enteroviruses isolated from yunnan province, china]. | this report presented an overview on the epidemiology of enterovirus in yunnan province, the people's republic of china. | 2007 | 17850701 |
| limbic encephalitis: another example of molecular mimicry? | 2007 | 17389799 | |
| a chronic progressive case of enteroviral limbic encephalitis associated with autoantibody to glutamate receptor epsilon2. | 2007 | 17389802 | |
| oncolytic coxsackievirus a21 as a novel therapy for multiple myeloma. | oncolytic viruses are attractive biological agents for the control of human malignancy. this study assessed the capacity of coxsackievirus a21 (cva21) to target and destroy multiple myeloma (mm) and precursor aberrant plasma cells in vitro using established mm cell lines and 15 patient bone marrow (bm) biopsies [n = 10 mm and five monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (mgus)]. cell surface analysis revealed that all tumour cells lines expressed high levels of intercellular adhesion ... | 2007 | 17391493 |
| a distinct group of hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosomal entry sites in members of diverse picornavirus genera: evidence for modular exchange of functional noncoding rna elements by recombination. | the 5' untranslated regions (utrs) of the rna genomes of flaviviridae of the hepacivirus and pestivirus genera contain internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) that are unrelated to the two principal classes of iress of picornaviridae. the mechanism of translation initiation on hepacivirus/pestivirus (hp) iress, which involves factor-independent binding to ribosomal 40s subunits, also differs fundamentally from initiation on these picornavirus iress. ribosomal binding to hp iress requires conserve ... | 2007 | 17392358 |
| vaccine derived bi- and multi-recombinant sabin strains. | a retrospective analysis of five sabin intertypic recombinant strains, isolated from human feacal specimens during the time period 1978-1985 in greece, was performed by rt-pcr, restriction fragment length polymorphism (r.f.l.p.) and sequencing. of the studied strains, three (epa, epb, epc) were found to be bi-recombinant sabin3/sabin2/sabin3 (s3/s2/s3), one strain was characterized as a probable s3/s2- cav18 or cav21-s2/s1 multi-recombinant (edp11) and one was identified as a tripartite one s3/s ... | 2007 | 17680217 |
| molecular identification of coxsackievirus a24 variant, isolated from an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in singapore in 2005. | an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) was reported in singapore military camps in the year 2005. a total of 103 conjunctival swab specimens were collected from military personnel diagnosed clinically with ahc. pcr testing on these conjunctival specimens revealed the presence of an enterovirus, and this was confirmed by virus isolation. molecular typing using a partial vp1 gene confirmed a variant of coxsackievirus a24 (ca24v) as the most likely etiological agent for the outbreak. ... | 2007 | 17680326 |
| search for evidence of recurring or persistent viruses in crohn's disease. | new-onset crohn's disease and acute flares are often associated with viral infections. the aim of this study was to search for evidence of persistent or recurrent viruses in patients. tissue blocks were obtained from surgical specimens from patients and a control population. 111 samples were tested by pcr or rt-pcr, for ebv, cmv, hsv 1, hsv 2, hhv 8, pestiviruses, and enteroviruses. additionally, seven sets of serum samples, including pre-operative and post-operative samples, from cd patients we ... | 2007 | 17696953 |
| enterovirus surveillance reveals proposed new serotypes and provides new insight into enterovirus 5'-untranslated region evolution. | human enteroviruses are currently grouped into five species human enterovirus a (hev-a), hev-b, hev-c, hev-d and poliovirus. during surveillance for enteroviruses serologically non-typable enterovirus strains were found from acute flaccid paralysis patients and healthy individuals. in this study, we report isolates of recently described enterovirus types ev76 and ev90 of hev-a species and characterize two new enterovirus type candidates, ev96 and ev97, to species hev-c and hev-b, respectively. a ... | 2007 | 17698662 |
| inhibition of enterovirus 71 in virus-infected mice by rna interference. | enterovirus 71 (ev71) is the main causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (hfmd) in young children. it is often associated with neurological complications and has caused high mortality levels in recent outbreaks in the asia pacific region. currently, there is no effective antiviral therapy against ev71 infections. in this study, we have evaluated and compared the efficacies of three different forms of small interfering rnas (sirnas) in inhibiting ev71 replication in a murine model. we h ... | 2007 | 17712333 |
| lack of cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) to transplant recipients and abattoir workers in contact with pigs. | this study investigated the potential transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv) to solid-organ transplant recipients and abattoir workers in contact with pigs. blood samples were obtained from volunteer healthy blood donors (group a; n=33); pig-breeding farmers who had undergone a liver transplant (group b; n=14); and pig abattoir workers (group c; n=49). a second blood sample was obtained 1 year after the first sample from 10 of the abattoir workers (group d). tests included investig ... | 2007 | 17713442 |
| outbreak of coxsackie b4 arthritis among newborns and staff of a neonatal unit. | we investigated an outbreak of coxsackie b4 arthritis in a neonatal unit involving 20 neonates and 12 staff members, over an eight-month period. laboratory investigations, serology tests, indicate that the outbreak was caused by coxsackie b4 virus. contamination of one of the overhead water reservoirs, supplying the nursery, was responsible. after the water tanks were cleaned out, no new cases were reported over five years. | 2007 | 17716519 |
| association between toll-like receptor 8 expression and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with enterovirus-associated dilated cardiomyopathy. | in recent reports, human toll-like receptor (tlr) 8 mediates the antiviral response by recognizing single-stranded rna. the inflammatory response against enteroviral (ev) rna replication may play an important role in dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm). the purpose of this study was to determine whether tlr8 was expressed with ev replication in patients with enterovirus-associated dcm. | 2007 | 17719310 |
| seasonal detection of human viruses and coliphage in newport bay, california. | recent studies have shown that the fecal indicator bacteria (fib) currently used to indicate water quality in the coastal environment may be inadequate to reflect human viral contamination. coliphage was suggested as a better indicator of human viral pollution and was proposed by the u.s. epa as an alternative indicator for fecal pollution in groundwater. in this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of fib, f+ coliphage, and pcr-detectable human adenovirus and enterovirus for a ... | 2007 | 17720839 |
| development of a novel recombinant encapsidated rna particle: evaluation as an internal control for diagnostic rt-pcr. | this report describes the generation of novel encapsidated rna particles and their evaluation as in-tube internal controls in diagnostic real-time reverse-transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) assays for the detection of rna viruses. a cassette containing sequences of 2 diagnostic primer sets for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and a set for swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) was engineered into a full-length cdna clone containing the rna-2 segment of cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv). after co-inoculation ... | 2007 | 17727966 |
| enterovirus 71 meningoencephalitis during chemotherapy in a child with metastatic osteosarcoma. | enterovirus meningoencephalitis is rare but can be severe. very few cases of these infections have been reported in pediatric oncology. we report the case of a 10-year-old boy with tibial osteosarcoma and lung metastases who developed enterovirus 71 meningoencephalitis during aplasia. clinical features comprised fever, hypotension, vesicular rash, generalized seizures, and altered consciousness. diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction on samples of cerebrospinal fluid and skin vesic ... | 2007 | 17762499 |
| ozone exposure in the culture medium inhibits enterovirus 71 virus replication and modulates cytokine production in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. | in the present study, the effects of ozone exposure on enterovirus 71 (ev71) replication and related cytokine production were investigated. rhabdomyosarcoma cells (rd) were exposed to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 ppm ozone or filtered air under different exposure regimens before or after infection for 1 or 2 h. the results revealed that at a proper concentration of ozone, e.g., 1.5 or 2 ppm, ozone exposure restricted virus production, prolonged survival time of cells and modulated cytokine production relat ... | 2007 | 17764758 |
| routine cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction testing reduces hospitalization and antibiotic use for infants 90 days of age or younger. | the goal was to evaluate the impact of cerebrospinal fluid enterovirus polymerase chain reaction testing on the length of hospitalization and the duration of antibiotic use for infants < or = 90 days of age with suspected aseptic meningitis. | 2007 | 17766520 |
| successful interventional closure of a patent foramen ovale in a pediatric patient supported with a biventricular assist device. | we report on a 16-year-old boy after an event of cardiac arrest and initial treatment with a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ecmo). after a short stabilisation period a biventricular assist device (bvad, thoratec) was implanted. although the bvad was functioning well, the patient showed persisting hypoxemia. transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale with a high right-to-left shunt due to low aspiration pressures of the bvad. the patient was successfully tre ... | 2007 | 17768144 |
| [characterisation of viral agents with potential to cause diarrhea in djibouti]. | due to limited laboratory facilities in the tropics, the exact role of enteric viruses in causing diarrhea among adults in the tropics is unknown. the purpose of this report is to describe a multicenter study undertaken in djibouti to determine the prevalence of a large panel of enteric viruses using immunochromatography; antigenic detection by elisa, rt-pcr cellular inoculation, sequence analysis; and indirect serology. study samples were collected from 108 patients presenting acute and sporadi ... | 2007 | 17784676 |
| chronic infections and genetic factors in the development of ischemic stroke. | the aim of this study was to examine whether chronic infections and genetic factors of the host play roles in the pathophysiology of acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. blood samples from 59 subjects with ischemic stroke and 52 control patients were investigated by nested pcr for the presence of c. pneumoniae dna, hcmv dna and enterovirus rna, by elisa for the levels of antibodies to c. pneumoniae, hcmv, hsv, hhv-6, ebv and the inflammatory chemokine il-8, and by pcr for promoter polymorphis ... | 2007 | 17802898 |
| interaction of decay-accelerating factor with coxsackievirus b3. | many entero-, parecho-, and rhinoviruses use immunoglobulin (ig)-like receptors that bind into the viral canyon and are required to initiate viral uncoating during infection. however, some of these viruses use an alternative or additional receptor that binds outside the canyon. both the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (car), an ig-like molecule that binds into the viral canyon, and decay-accelerating factor (daf) have been identified as cellular receptors for coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3). a cryoe ... | 2007 | 17804498 |
| rapid multiplex nested pcr for detection of respiratory viruses. | respiratory tract infections can be caused by a heterogeneous group of viruses and bacteria that produce similar clinical presentations. specific diagnosis therefore relies on laboratory investigation. this study developed and evaluated five groups of multiplex nested pcr assays that could simultaneously detect 21 different respiratory pathogens: influenza a virus (h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1); influenza b virus; parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b; respiratory syncytial virus a and b; human ... | 2007 | 17804659 |
| retrospective characterization of a vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 isolate from sewage in greece. | retrospective molecular and phenotypic characterization of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv) type 1 isolate (7/b/97) isolated from sewage in athens, greece, in 1997 is reported. vp1 sequencing of this isolate revealed 1.87% divergence from the vp1 region of reference strain sabin 1, while further genomic characterization of isolate 7/b/97 revealed a recombination event in the nonstructural part of the genome between a vaccine strain and a nonvaccine strain probably belonging to enterovirus spe ... | 2007 | 17827314 |
| the substitution u475 --> c with sabin3-like mutation within the ires attenuate coxsackievirus b3 cardiovirulence. | the sabin3 mutation in the viral rna plays an important role in directing attenuation phenotype of sabin vaccine strain of poliovirus type 1 (pv1). we previously described that sabin3-like mutation introduced in coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) genome led to a defective mutant. however, this mutation do not led to destruction of secondary structure motif c within the stem-loop v of cvb3 rna because of the presence of one nucleotide difference (c --> u) in the region encompassing the sabin3 mutation at n ... | 2007 | 17827538 |
| [epidemiology of enterovirus associated with neurologic diseases]. | this report describes the results of human enterovirus (hev) detection and characterization using cell culture, polymerase chain reaction and molecular typing in 2167 samples obtained from acute flaccid paralysis, aseptic meningitis and acute encephalitis patients, from 1991 to 1998 in argentina. hev were isolated in 130 out of 666 cases (19.5%) and 36 out of 666 (5.4%). hev rna was detected in 28.8% (231/801) and 3.0% (21/700) of the patients with meningitis and encephalitis, respectively. chil ... | 2007 | 17593593 |
| development of a respiratory virus panel test for detection of twenty human respiratory viruses by use of multiplex pcr and a fluid microbead-based assay. | virology laboratories historically have used direct fluorescent-antibody assay (dfa) and culture to detect six or seven respiratory viruses. following the discovery of five new human respiratory viruses since 2000, there is an increasing need for diagnostic tests to detect these emerging viruses. we have developed a new test that can detect 20 different respiratory virus types/subtypes in a single 5-h test. the assay employs multiplex pcr using 14 virus-specific primer pairs, followed by a multi ... | 2007 | 17596360 |
| coxsackievirus b3 modulates cell death by downregulating activating transcription factor 3 in hela cells. | activating transcription factor 3 (atf3) is an early-induced gene involved in diverse cellular functions in response to various stresses including viral infection. here we observed marked reduction of atf3 by coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection and investigated the regulation and functional role of atf3 in hela cells for the understanding of biological significance of atf3 downregulation. cvb3 infection markedly reduced atf3 expression at mrna and protein levels in parallel with p53 degradation, ... | 2007 | 17599613 |
| [monitoring of infectious diseases among wild boars]. | sixty-seven serum samples and 43 pathological material samples from wild boars, taken in 5 regions of russia and in the kharkov region of the ukraine in 2002 to 2005 were studied. wild boars in some regions of russia were shown to be carriers of aujeszky's disease virus, porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus type 2, lymphotropic herpesvirus-1, porcine cytomegalovirus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and pasteurella multocida. the classical swine fever (csf) virus genome was detected by polymerase chai ... | 2007 | 17601049 |
| histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction assays in the study of cases with fatal sporadic myocarditis. | paraffin tissue blocks from 27 cases with sporadic myocarditis were collected during a 12-year period at a single medical examiner's office. blocks were studied by using histopathology; immunohistochemistry for viruses (adenovirus, enterovirus, influenza a and b, and human herpes types 4 and 5), bacteria (neisseria meningitidis, ehrlichia sp, spotted fever group rickettsia) and parasites (toxoplasma gondii and trypanosoma cruzi); and polymerase chain reaction (pcr)/rt-pcr for adenovirus and ente ... | 2007 | 17602724 |
| the viral genetic background determines the outcome of coxsackievirus b3 infection in outbred nmri mice. | the reasons for the different outcome of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced heart disease in humans are not well understood. since there are no experimental data on the course of disease after infection with genetically different cvb3 in a natural variable population until now, we studied the outcome of virus infection in outbred nmri mice after inoculation of genetically different cvb3 variants. adult male mice were inoculated with seven closely related cvb3 variants. the histopathological change ... | 2007 | 17607777 |
| nitric oxide in the cardiovascular and pulmonary circulation--a brief review of literatures and historical landmarks. | nitric oxide (no) is an important gas molecule that plays a pivotal role in physiology and pathology in various systems. our laboratory has been working on the hypertensive cardiovascular disorders and pulmonary edema for more than 30 years. in this brief review article, we have described the role of no in hypertension, pulmonary disorders, sepsis, and to some extent, the endothelial factors on the arterial baroreceptors and cerebral blood flow. our studies indicate that the vasodilatory effects ... | 2007 | 17608140 |
| a cpg oligodeoxynucleotide inducing anti-coxsackie b3 virus activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | coxsackie b3 virus (cvb3) is the most significant pathogen causing myocarditis in humans, and antiviral therapy would be most effective in the early stages of the disease. here we provide evidence that bw001, a c-type cpg oligodeoxynucleotide, induces anti-cvb3 activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). in parallel, we have demonstrated that bw001 induces human pbmcs to express mrnas of multiple types of interferon (ifn), including ifn-alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-omega and ifn-gamma, ... | 2007 | 17608709 |
| mosaic genome structure of echovirus type 30 that circulated in taiwan in 2001. | an echovirus type 30 (e30) outbreak occurred in taiwan in 2001. in this study, one 1998 and nineteen 2001 enterovirus isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of children with meningitis were genetically analyzed. although negative results were obtained using the e30-specific monoclocal antibody in an immunofluorescent assay (ifa) test of all 20 isolates, molecular typing by partial vp1 sequences and subsequent neutralization test identified them as e30. among those, seven of them were misidentif ... | 2007 | 17610124 |
| a sensitive and reliable reverse transcriptase pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of human pathogenic viruses in bivalve molluscs. | a colorimetric method, reverse transcriptase pcr with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) was evaluated for ease of use, reliability, and sensitivity when detecting known human pathogenic virus present in shellfish, using a traditional polyethylene precipitation or immunocapture virus concentration method. the newly developed elisa method could successfully detect enteroviruses and noroviruses in artificially and naturally contaminated shellfish. overall, elisa was shown to be a ... | 2007 | 17612079 |
| diagnostic approaches for patients with suspected encephalitis. | encephalitis represents a diagnostic challenge, with an infectious etiology identified in only 40% to 70% of cases. more than 100 agents have been either definitively or anecdotally associated with encephalitis. important considerations for diagnosis include selection of the appropriate clinical specimen (serum vs cerebrospinal fluid), determining the most sensitive diagnostic assay (serology vs polymerase chain reaction), and assessing causality when an organism is identified outside of the cen ... | 2007 | 17618552 |
| basic rationale, current methods and future directions for molecular typing of human enterovirus. | enterovirus is a genus of the picornaviridae family including more than 80 serotypes belonging to four species designed human enterovirus a to d. the antigens of the structural proteins support the subdivision of enteroviruses into multiple serotypes. comparative phylogeny based on molecular typing methods has been of great help to classify former and new types of enterovirus, and to investigate the diversity of enteroviruses and the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their diversity. by now, m ... | 2007 | 17620049 |
| an eight-year study of epidemiologic features of enterovirus 71 infection in taiwan. | in 1998, an epidemic of enterovirus 71 (ev 71) infection occurred in taiwan. the purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiology of ev 71 infection in taiwan. between march 1998 and december 2005, a total of 1,548 severe cases of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina (hfmd/ha) was reported to the center for disease control in taiwan. a seasonal variation in number of severe cases was observed, with the annual peak in second quarter. deaths from severe hfmd/ha varied from year to year (chi( ... | 2007 | 17620652 |
| comparison of cell culture with rt-pcr for enterovirus detection in stool specimens from patients with acute flaccid paralysis. | since october 2000, iran has been declared polio-free by the world health organization (who). despite the fact that poliomyelitis caused by polioviruses has been eliminated from iran, the number of acute flaccid paralysis (afp) cases has not been reduced. therefore, it is of great importance to investigate the other viral agents that may cause afp (mainly nonpolio enteroviruses, which play a significant role in the etiology of neurological syndromes). some enteroviruses do not grow in the conven ... | 2007 | 17621362 |
| acute ophthalmoparesis associated with anti-gm1, anti-gd1a, and anti-gd1b antibodies after enterovirus infection in a 6-year-old girl. | this article presents a 6-year-old girl who developed acute unilateral third cranial nerve palsy in the absence of any other sign of central nervous system involvement. raised titers of immunoglobulin m antibodies against gm1, gd1a, and gd1b ganglioside components were demonstrated. ten days earlier, the girl had experienced acute gastroenteritis with positive specific immunoglobulin m antibodies against enterovirus. the results of all other laboratory tests usually performed for infectious dise ... | 2007 | 17621523 |
| significance of arginine 20 in the 2a protease for swine vesicular disease virus pathogenicity. | pathogenic and attenuated strains of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), an enterovirus, have been characterized previously and, by using chimeric infectious cdna clones, the key determinants of pathogenicity in pigs have been mapped to the coding region for 1d-2a. within this region, residue 20 of the 2a protease is particularly significant. inoculation of pigs with mutant viruses containing single amino acid substitutions at this residue leads to the appearance of revertants, often containin ... | 2007 | 17622632 |
| new complete genome sequences of human rhinoviruses shed light on their phylogeny and genomic features. | human rhinoviruses (hrv), the most frequent cause of respiratory infections, include 99 different serotypes segregating into two species, a and b. rhinoviruses share extensive genomic sequence similarity with enteroviruses and both are part of the picornavirus family. nevertheless they differ significantly at the phenotypic level. the lack of hrv full-length genome sequences and the absence of analysis comparing picornaviruses at the whole genome level limit our knowledge of the genomic features ... | 2007 | 17623054 |