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the first report on cryptosporidium suis and cryptosporidium pig genotype ii in eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) (czech republic).a total of 193 faecal samples of adult eurasian wild boars were collected at 12 enclosures across the czech republic and examined for cryptosporidium infection using both microscopic and molecular tools. cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in any of the 193 faecal samples examined using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. thirty-two positive cases of cryptosporidium infection were detected using either genus- or species-specific nested pcr. mono-infection with cryptosporidium ...201121917378
comparison of short- and long-term results of drug-eluting vs. bare metal stenting in the porcine internal carotid artery.to evaluate the development of neointimal hyperplasia after implantation of drug-eluting stents (paclitaxel) compared to bare metal stents in porcine internal carotid arteries (icas).201121861747
localization and neurochemical characteristics of the extrinsic sympathetic neurons projecting to the pylorus in the domestic pig.the pylorus, an important part of the digestive tract controlling the flow of chyme between the stomach and the duodenum, is widely innervated by intrinsic and extrinsic nerves. to determine the locations of postganglionic sympathetic perikarya that innervate the pylorus of the domestic pig, a retrograde tracing method with application of fast blue tracer was used. all positive neuronal cell bodies (ca. 1750) were found in the celiac-cranial mesenteric ganglion complex (csmg), however, the coeli ...201121903161
enhanced endothelial progenitor cell angiogenic potency, present in early experimental renovascular hypertension, deteriorates with disease duration.endothelial progenitor cells (epcs) augment neovascularization and repair of damaged tissues, but may undergo functional changes during exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. this study tested the hypothesis that early renovascular hypertension (rvh) modulates the temporal pattern of epc function that deteriorates with disease duration.201121873884
Osseointegration of SLActive implants in diabetic pigs.OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus is currently classified as a relative contraindication for implant treatment because of microangiopathies with the consequence of impaired bone regeneration and higher rates of implant failure. The study aim was to investigate peri-implant bone formation in a diabetic animal model in comparison to healthy animals and to evaluate the differences between conventional (SLA(®) ) and modified (SLActive(®) ) titanium implant surfaces on osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METH ...201122111960
Comparison of the pig and feline models for full thickness corneal transplantation.The goal of this study was to report on the advantages and limitations of the pig and feline models for experimental in vivo corneal transplantation.201122050735
genetic suppression of atrial fibrillation using a dominant-negative ether-a-go-go-related gene mutant.background: atrial fibrillation (af) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. gene therapy-dependent modulation of atrial electrophysiology may provide a more specific alternative to pharmacological and ablative treatment strategies. objective: we hypothesized that genetic inactivation of atrial repolarizing ether-a-go-go-related gene (erg) k(+) currents using a dominant-negative mutant would provide rhythm control in af. methods: ten domestic swine underwent pacemaker implantation and w ...201121907172
Carrion beetles visiting pig carcasses during early spring in urban, forest and agricultural biotopes of Western Europe.Carrion beetles are important in terrestrial ecosystems, consuming dead mammals and promoting the recycling of organic matter into ecosystems. Most forensic studies are focused on succession of Diptera while neglecting Coleoptera. So far, little information is available on carrion beetles postmortem colonization and decomposition process in temperate biogeoclimatic countries. These beetles are however part of the entomofaunal colonization of a dead body. Forensic entomologists need databases con ...201121867439
Analysis of bacterial load and prevalence of mixed infections with Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and/or Brachyspira pilosicoli in German pigs with diarrhoea.Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis, Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli are important pathogens in domestic pig production world-wide, responsible for porcine intestinal adenomatosis, swine dysentery, and porcine intestinal spirochetosis, respectively. Conventional PCR is the major diagnostic tool in the detection of the three pathogens, but the sole detection of bacterial DNA might lead to misinterpretations of results with respect to their clinical relevance, especially with mixed inf ...201122059295
Purification of tropomyosin, paramyosin, actin, tubulin, troponin and kinases for chemiproteomics and its application to different scientific fields.p-aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) is used as a ligand in the purification of many serine proteases and in their removal from heterogeneous samples. Moreover, p-ABA has a potent ability to bind Ca(2+)-binding proteins. The binding ability and use of p-ABA in purification processes is still not fully understood.201121876731
MRI study of cryoinjury infarction in pig hearts: i. Effects of intrapericardial delivery of bFGF/VEGF embedded in alginate beads.The aim of the study was the testing of sustained intrapericardial delivery of vascular growth factors (GFs) from alginate beads on cryoinjury size and perfusion. In domestic pigs (15-20?kg, n?=?21), the left ventricular (LV) anterolateral wall of exposed hearts was cryoinjured using an aluminum rod (25?mm o.d.) cooled in liquid nitrogen. Alginate beads (d?=?3.2?±?0.2?mm), containing human recombinant basic fibroblast GF (bFGF, 50?µg) and vascular endothelial GF (VEGF, 50?µg)?+?heparin (50?µg) o ...201121960023
the sylvatic trichinella cycle and its implications for trichinella control in germany.trichinellosis is a food-borne, zoonotic disease caused by a parasitic organism. pork containing muscle larvae represents the most important source of human trichinellosis. in germany, each slaughtered domestic swine is systematically sampled and examined for trichinella spp. european union legislation (ec (no.) 2075/2005) condones the approach of a risk-oriented meat inspection for trichinella in pigs which is accompanied by monitoring programmes for pig holdings and reservoir animals. here we ...201122191166
ornithodoros moubata complement inhibitor is an equally effective c5 inhibitor in pigs and humans.experimental evidence suggests that c inhibition and more particularly combined inhibition of c and the tlr coreceptor cd14 may be of therapeutic benefit in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions. a barrier to the testing and further development of many inhibitors is that their activity is species specific. pig is a relevant species for experimental models of human disease, and this study undertakes a comprehensive comparison of the inhibitory efficacy of the c5 inhibitor ornithodoros moubata ...201121964028
vascular responses to drug-eluting and bare metal stents in diabetic/hypercholesterolemic and nonatherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries.animal models used to gain insight into the vascular response to drug-eluting stents are generally juvenile and nonatherosclerotic, whereas stents are placed in patients with complex atherosclerosis and comorbidities. hence, models reflecting these complexities are needed to help elucidate the vascular effects of drug-eluting stents. we compared the vascular responses with bare metal stent (bms) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (pes) implantation in a diabetic/hypercholesterolemic (dm/hc) porcine mo ...201121972400
compartmental analysis of renal bold mri data: introduction and validation.objectives: functional blood oxygenation level-dependent (bold) magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool to assess renal function, but bold analysis using t2* image differentiation of cortex and medulla is laborious and prone to errors. we developed and validated an alternative compartmental analysis method to differentiate renal cortical and medullary bold relaxivity index, r2*. this method uses whole-kidney regions of interest (roi), thus eliminating the need for anatomic cortical and med ...201122183077
gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection assisted by a new traction method: the clip-band technique. a feasibility study in a porcine model (with video).endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) is the standard of care for treating gastric intramucosal neoplasias in japan. however, it is seldom performed in western countries, mainly because it is technically very challenging. several traction methods have been proposed to facilitate submucosal dissection, but they are usually not widely available or are difficult to apply.201122032320
Managing tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis by insecticide treated nets--an affordable and sustainable method for resource poor pig farmers in Ghana.An outbreak of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis resulted in more than 50% losses of domestic pigs in the Eastern Region of Ghana (source: Veterinary Services, Accra; April 2007). In a control trial from May 4(th)-October 10(th) 2007, the efficacy of insecticide-treated mosquito fences to control tsetse was assessed. Two villages were selected--one serving as control with 14 pigsties and one experimental village where 24 pigsties were protected with insecticide treated mosquito fences. The 100 ...201122022625
[effect of ischemic postconditioning on oxidative stress and structural tissue changes in intestinal warm ischemic and autotransplantation models.]introduction/aim: our study investigated the effect of ischemic postconditioning (ipo) in intestinal warm ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) and autotransplantation models. materials and methods: warm ischemia was performed by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 1, 3 and 6 hours in white domestic pigs (n = 15). prior to 3 hours reperfusion the intestine was postconditioned by 3 cycles of 30-seconds ischemia and 30-seconds reperfusion (ipo protocol). in the cold ischemia group (n = 15) the bowel ...201122169343
occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in pigs on prince edward island, canada.in a cross-sectional study of 633 pigs from 21 herds on prince edward island, canada (pei), the prevalence of infection with cryptosporidium and giardia, and the genotypes and species of isolates were determined in order to establish the zoonotic potential of pigs in this region. as determined by direct immunofluorescence microscopy (dfa), 18 herds (86%) and 163 animals (26%; 95% ci: 22-29%) tested positive for cryptosporidium, while just 3 herds (14%) and 6 animals (1%; 95% ci: 0.4-2%) tested p ...201121868167
burst strength testing of porcine intestinal anastomoses following negative pressure therapy.the effect of negative pressure therapy (npt; the abthera™ open abdomen negative pressure therapy system, kci usa, inc., san antonio, tx) on the integrity of small intestinal anastomoses was evaluated using in situ burst strength testing in a domestic pig model. in each of 3 swine, 8 anastomoses were created, 4 using sutures and 4 using staples. after 24 hours of continuous npt, each anastomosis was subjected to burst strength testing in situ. mean ratios of burst strength of sutured anastomoses ...201121914702
Tyrosine phosphorylation of lactate dehydrogenase A is important for NADH/NAD(+) redox homeostasis in cancer cells.The Warburg effect describes an increase in aerobic glycolysis and enhanced lactate production in cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) regulates the last step of glycolysis that generates lactate and permits the regeneration of NAD(+). LDH-A gene expression is believed to be upregulated by both HIF and Myc in cancer cells to achieve increased lactate production. However, how oncogenic signals activate LDH-A to regulate cancer cell metabolism remains unclear. We found that the oncogenic ...201121969607
antibody response against trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected rats is dose dependent.abstract: domestic pigs are the main representatives of the domestic cycle of trichinella spiralis that play a role in transmission to humans. in europe, backyard pigs of small household farms are the most important risks for humans to obtain trichinellosis. rats might play a role in the transmission of trichinella spiralis from domestic to sylvatic animals and vice versa. in order to be able to investigate the role of wild rats in the epidemiology of t. spiralis in the netherlands, we studied t ...201122129040
clinically plausible hyperventilation does not exert adverse hemodynamic effects during cpr but markedly reduces end-tidal pco(2).aims: ventilation at high respiratory rates is considered detrimental during cpr because it may increase intrathoracic pressure limiting venous return and forward blood flow generation. we examined whether ventilation at high, yet clinically plausible, tidal volumes could also be detrimental, and further examined effects on end-tidal pco(2) (p(et)co(2)). methods: sixteen domestic pigs were randomized to one of four ventilatory patterns representing two levels of respiratory rate (min(-1)) and tw ...201121854734
improving microcirculation with therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation in a porcine model of hemorrhage.intrathoracic pressure regulation (ipr) has been used to treat hypotension and states of hypoperfusion by providing positive pressure ventilation during inspiration followed by augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure during expiration. this therapy augments cardiac output and lowers intracranial pressure, thereby providing greater circulation to the heart and brain. the effects of ipr on microcirculation remain unknown.201122208172
restricted enzooticity of hepatitis e virus genotypes 1 to 4 in the united states.hepatitis e is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is remains controversial. to determine the prevalence of hev infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-hev-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from hev-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capt ...201121998412
endovascular treatment of peripheral arterial injury with covered stents: an experimental study in pigs.to evaluate the feasibility of using endovascular repair to treat penetrating arterial injuries with covered stents. feasibility was examined according to the circumferential extent of the injury.201121915495
natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes): assessment of peritoneal bacterial load after intraperitoneal antimicrobial wash and evaluation of hemodynamic changes in a porcine model.abstract aims. natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes) is a promising newly developed procedure; however, it is associated with many complications. the main aim of our study is to assess whether peritoneal wash with antibiotics decreases the bacterial load contamination related to the transgastric approach. methods. ten female farm pigs underwent transgastric peritoneoscopy with fallopian tubal ligation. five pigs were randomized to antibiotic wash of the peritoneal cavity and fi ...201121919809
Temperature-controlled two-wavelength laser soldering of tissues.Laser tissue soldering is a method for bonding of incisions in tissues. A biological solder is spread over the cut, laser radiation heats the solder and the underlying cut edges and the incision is bonded. This method offers many advantages over conventional techniques (e.g., sutures). Past researches have shown that laser soldering, using a single laser, does not provide sufficient strength for bonding of cuts in thick (>1?mm) tissues. This study introduces a novel method for laser soldering of ...201122006733
The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study.INTRODUCTION: Notochordal cells and nucleus pulposus cells are co-existing in the intervertebral disc at various ratios among different mammalians. This fact rises the question about the interactions and the evolutionary relevance of this phenomenon. It has been described that these relatively large notochordal cells are mainly dominant in early lifetime of all vertebrates and then differences occur with ageing. Human, cattle, sheep, and goat lose the cells with age, wherea ...201121953383
Free-ranging wild boar: a disease threat to domestic pigs in Switzerland?The risk of transmission of pathogens from free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to outdoor domestic pigs (S. scrofa domesticus) is of increasing concern in many European countries. We assess this risk, using Switzerland as an example. We estimated 1) the prevalence of important pathogens in wild boars and 2) the risk of interactions between wild boars and outdoor pigs. First, we tested 252 wild boars from selected areas between 2008 and 2010 for infection with Brucella spp. Bacterial prev ...201122102657
developing implantable neuroprosthetics: a new model in pig.a new model has been established in the domestic pig for neural prosthetic device development and testing. to this end, we report on a complete neural prosthetic developmental system using a wireless sensor as the implant, a pig as the animal model, and a novel data acquisition paradigm for actuator control. a new type of stereotactic frame with clinically-inspired fixations pins that place the pig brain in standard surgical plane was developed and tested with success during the implantation of ...201122254977
distribution and chemical coding pattern of the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) immunoreactivity in the preoptic area of the pig.this study provides a detailed description of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (cart) distribution and the co-localization pattern of cart and gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh), somatostatin (som), neuropeptide y (npy), cholecystokinin (cck), and substance p (sp) in the preoptic area (poa) of the domestic pig. the poa displays a low density of immunoreactive cells and rich immunoreactivity for cart in fibers. cart-immunoreactive (cart-ir) cell bodies were single and faintly s ...201122252754
detection and molecular characterization of suid herpesvirus type 1 in austrian wild boar and hunting dogs.aujeszky's disease (ad), caused by suid herpesvirus type 1 (suhv-1), is an economically important disease in domestic swine. thus, rigorous control programmes have been implemented and consecutively ad in domestic swine was successfully eradicated in many countries, including austria. however, suhv-1 continues to thrive in wild boar populations, as indicated by high seroprevalences in a number of european countries and by occasional cases of ad in hunting dogs. for the first time, suhv-1 was det ...201122264387
interferon status and white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus in vivo.african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever that is the significant disease of domestic pigs, with high rates of mortality. asfv is double-stranded dna virus whose genes encode some proteins that are implicated in the suppression of host immune response. in this study, we have modeled in vivo infection of asfv for determination of interferon (ifn) status in infected pigs. we measured the level of ifn-α, -β and -γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed ...201122226551
use of a modified chitosan-dextran gel to prevent peritoneal adhesions in a porcine hemicolectomy model.background: the prevention of peritoneal adhesions following abdominal surgery remains an ongoing challenge, with the ideal product for adhesion reduction still elusive. this study examines the outcome of application of a modified chitosan-dextran (cd) gel within the intraperitoneal cavity of a porcine model to assess its effect on adhesion formation. this is a unique synthetic gel, its active ingredients being succinyl chitosan and dextran aldehyde. materials and methods: twenty female domestic ...201122261595
clinical results of the application of a hemoglobin spray to promote healing of chronic wounds.a new technological approach for supplying hypoxic chronic wounds with oxygen is a moist wound treatment with aqueous solutions containing tissue compatible oxygen binders. this facilitates diffusion of oxygen, necessary for the healing process, from the surroundings (room air through an open-porous wound padding) into the ulcerous tissue. a product that is still in development is a spray which contains hemoglobin obtained from domestic pigs. clinical investigations (a clinical trial, treatment ...201122242086
dynamic dissociating homo-oligomers and the control of protein function.homo-oligomeric protein assemblies are known to participate in dynamic association/disassociation equilibria under native conditions, thus creating an equilibrium of assembly states. such quaternary structure equilibria may be influenced in a physiologically significant manner either by covalent modification or by the non-covalent binding of ligands. this review follows the evolution of ideas about homo-oligomeric equilibria through the 20th and into the 21st centuries and the relationship of th ...201122182754
pseudorabies virus infection in oklahoma hunting dogs.pseudorabies is caused by suid herpesvirus 1, a member of the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. although pigs are the natural host of pseudorabies virus (prv), the virus has a broad host range and may cause fatal encephalitis in many species. the united states obtained prv-free status in 2004 after the virus was eradicated from domestic swineherds, but the virus is still present in feral swine populations. the current report describes prv infection in 3 dogs that were used to hunt feral swine. the d ...201121908347
identification and characterization of h2n3 avian influenza virus from backyard poultry and comparison with novel h2n3 swine influenza virus.in early 2007, h2n3 influenza virus was isolated from a duck and a chicken in two separate poultry flocks in ohio. since the same subtype influenza virus with hemagglutinin (h) and neuraminidase (n) genes of avian lineage was also identified in a swine herd in missouri in 2006, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic, antigenic, and biologic properties of the avian and swine isolates. avian isolates were low pathogenic by in vivo chicken pathogenicity testing. seq ...201122312981
inside out: modern imaging techniques to reveal animal anatomy.animal anatomy has traditionally relied on detailed dissections to produce anatomical illustrations, but modern imaging modalities, such as mri and ct, now represent an enormous resource that allows for fast non-invasive visualizations of animal anatomy in living animals. these modalities also allow for creation of three-dimensional representations that can be of considerable value in the dissemination of anatomical studies. in this methodological review, we present our experiences using mri, ct ...201121445356
phylogenetic analysis of recent classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates from assam, india.classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious viral disease of pigs, is endemic in india. as there is no information concerning the accurate genetic typing of classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates in india, 16 csf viruses isolated during 2005-2007 from domestic pigs in different districts of assam were typed in 5' utr (150 nucleotides). to confirm the genetic typing results and to study the genetic variability, selected viruses were also analyzed in e2 (190 nt) and ns5b gene (409 nt) re ...201119896713
interferon-gamma induction correlates with protection by dna vaccine expressing e2 glycoprotein against classical swine fever virus infection in domestic pigs.classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting domestic and wild pigs. for classical swine fever virus (csfv), immunization with plasmids expressing different versions of glycoprotein e2 has proven an effective way to induce protection. previously, we have also shown that immunization with dna vaccine expressing glycoprotein e2 (dna-e2) induced specific t helper cell responses in the absence of neutralizing antibodies. however, the role of t cell responses in protec ...201019896784
multiple asian pig origins revealed through genomic analyses.previous mitochondrial dna (mtdna) studies have suggested that european and asian pig populations were derived through multiple domestication events. we investigated whether domestic pig populations were derived from distinct ancestors within their respective regions, using eight domestic breeds (five european and three asian), and also european and asian wild boar populations. genomic analyses utilized 21 microsatellite markers (ms) selected for their distribution across the pig genome in addit ...201019900568
single-port, single-operator-light endoscopic robot-assisted laparoscopic urology: pilot study in a pig model.to present our initial operative experience in which single-port-light endoscopic robot-assisted reconstructive and extirpative urological surgery was performed by one surgeon, using a pig model.201019863530
detection of a novel hepatitis e-like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad-spectrum rt-pcr.hepatitis e is a rare human disease in developed countries. it is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), which is probably transmitted zoonotically to humans from domestic pigs and wild boars. multiple reports on the detection of hev-specific antibodies in rats have suggested the presence of an hev-related agent; however, infectious virus or a viral genome has not been demonstrated so far. here, a nested broad-spectrum rt-pcr protocol was developed capable of detecting different hev types including ...201019889929
characterisation of experimental infections of domestic pigs with genotype 2.1 and 3.3 isolates of classical swine fever virus.the early identification of classical swine fever epizootics is hampered by difficulties in recognising early signs of infection, due to a lack of specific clinical signs. in addition many textbook descriptions of csf are based on observations of disease caused by historic, mainly genotype 1, strains. our objective was to improve our knowledge of the diverse range of signs that different csfv strains can cause by characterising the experimental infection of domestic pigs with both a recent strai ...201019875252
androgens and estradiol-17beta production by porcine uterine cells: in vitro study.porcine (sus scrofa domestica) uterine slices harvested during both early pregnancy and luteolysis produce steroid hormones. the aim of the present study was to determine (1) which porcine separated uterine cells secrete androgens: androstenedione (a(4)) and testosterone (t), and estradiol-17beta (e(2)) in culture; (2) if the production of a(4), t and e(2) in the uterine cells is regulated by p4 and ot; (3) if uterine tissues expressed cytochrome p450arom gene (cyp19). uteri were collected on da ...201019880166
endoscopic closure of duodenal perforations by using an over-the-scope clip: a randomized, controlled porcine study.duodenal perforations during diagnostic upper endoscopy are rare; however, when therapeutic techniques are performed, the reported incidence is as great as 2.8%. surgical repair is usually mandated, but it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.201019883907
synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide improves systemic and splanchnic circulation and has a lung-protective effect during endotoxemia in pigs.pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system is thought to maintain gut perfusion during circulatory stress and thereby avoid later failure of distant organs. in this controlled experimental study, we investigated the effects of carperitide, a synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide that inhibits the renin-angiotensin system, on the systemic and splanchnic circulation during fluid-resuscitated endotoxemia in pigs.201019933537
incidence, diversity, and molecular epidemiology of sapoviruses in swine across europe.porcine sapovirus is an enteric calicivirus in domestic pigs that belongs to the family caliciviridae. some porcine sapoviruses are genetically related to human caliciviruses, which has raised public health concerns over animal reservoirs and the potential cross-species transmission of sapoviruses. we report on the incidence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of sapoviruses detected in domestic pigs in a comprehensive study conducted in six european countries (denmark, finland, hunga ...201019940055
histomorphologic and ultrastructural lesions of the pancreas in a porcine model of intra-abdominal hypertension.intra-abdominal hypertension (iah) and abdominal compartment syndrome are increasingly observed in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (sap). the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iah on pancreatic histology and ultrastructure in a porcine model. we examined 16 intubated and anesthetized domestic pigs with a mean body weight of 50.6 (sd, 3.8) kg. using a co2 pneumoperitoneum, the intra-abdominal pressure was increased to 30 mmhg for an investigation period of 6 or 12 h (eac ...201019940813
a comparison of intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography to detect left atrial appendage thrombus in a swine model.transesophageal echocardiography (tee) is the gold standard in the evaluation for left atrial appendage (laa) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (af) and is often performed prior to af ablation. we routinely use intracardiac echocardiography (ice) to assist in af ablation; however, standard right atrial views do not provide adequate visualization of the laa. as the incidence of thrombus in this population is relatively low, tee incurs additional risk, cost, and patient discomfort. nov ...201019943097
correlation between clinico-pathological outcome and typing of haemophilus parasuis field strains.haemophilus parasuis is the etiologic agent of glässer's disease in pigs, which is pathologically characterized by serofibrinous polyserositis and arthritis. h. parasuis include virulent and non-virulent strains and confirmation of virulence in h. parasuis is still dependent on experimental reproduction of the disease. since the variability in virulence is supported by serotyping and genotyping (particularly, multilocus sequence typing [mlst]), we examined the relationship between the classifica ...201019945233
long-term shedding of hepatitis e virus in the feces of pigs infected naturally, born to sows with and without maternal antibodies.pigs are presumed reservoirs for hepatitis e virus (hev) transmission to humans. to examine infection kinetics, two litters of domestic pigs (a and b, each containing 10 piglets) infected naturally with hev were studied until pigs were 6 months old. maternal igg and iga antibodies were detected in litter a piglets, but not in litter b ones. all pigs shed hev in feces when they were 30-110 days old, and 17 developed viremia at 40-100 days of age. phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly close sequ ...201019950246
european wild boars and domestic pigs display different polymorphic patterns in the toll-like receptor (tlr) 1, tlr2, and tlr6 genes.during the last decade, the toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been extensively studied, and their immense importance in innate immunity is now being unveiled. here, we report pronounced differences--probably reflecting the domestication process and differences in selective pressure--between wild boars and domestic pigs regarding single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in tlr genes. the open reading frames of tlr1, tlr2, and tlr6 were sequenced in 25 wild boars, representing three populations, and i ...201019953243
transgastric endoluminal gastrojejunostomy: technical development from bench to animal study (with video).gastrojejunal anastomosis is commonly performed for palliative management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction and bariatric surgery. natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery revolutionized the surgical approach to intra-abdominal surgery. this study explored the possibility of performing gastrojejunostomy (gj) by using a hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach.201020004893
detection of hepatitis e virus in samples of animal origin collected in hungary.hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enterically transmitted human pathogen. hev infections are mainly associated with acute, self-limited, icteric hepatitis with an average mortality rate of 1%. animal reservoirs are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of the virus and in the spread of hev to humans. hev-induced seroconversion was described in several species, however clinical hepatitis in animals has not been observed to date. hev strains from animals are genetically closely relat ...201020005644
impact of contrast material volume on quantitative assessment of reperfused acute myocardial infarction using delayed-enhancement 64-slice ct: experience in a porcine model.our purpose in this study was to compare the impact of contrast material volume in delayed-enhancement computer tomography (ct) imaging for assessing acute reperfused myocardial infarction.201020017004
tylosin and chlorotetracycline decrease the duration of fecal shedding of e. coli o157:h7 by swine.previously we have shown that experimentally infected swine, fed an antibiotic-free diet, can become colonized and shed escherichia coli o157:h7 for at least 2 months. however, in epidemiological studies this organism is only rarely recovered from domestic swine and the basis for this discrepancy is not clear. in this report we demonstrate that significantly fewer pigs fed diets containing subtherapeutic levels of either tylosin or chlorotetracycline shed e. coli o157:h7 for longer than 2 weeks ...201020018464
next generation biodegradable ureteral stent in a yucatan pig model.ureteral stents are commonly used to facilitate kidney drainage but they may produce significant stent symptoms and morbidity, and require a secondary procedure for removal. previous biodegradable stents showed bio-incompatibility or inconsistent degradation, requiring extra procedures to remove undegraded stent fragments. we previously reported a first generation biodegradable stent composed of suture-like material that required placement through the lumen of a sheath and degraded by 10 weeks. ...201020022028
a diet supplemented with l-carnitine improves the sperm quality of piétrain but not of duroc and large white boars when photoperiod and temperature increase.it has been reported that a diet supplemented with l-carnitine can improve sperm quality in some mammalian species. against this background, the current study seeks to determine the effects of feeding l-carnitine (625 mg day(-1)) on boar semen characteristics (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm viability, acrosome and mitochondrial sheath integrity, sperm motility, sperm morphology, and osmotic resistance of spermatozoa) in three different porcine breeds (sus domesticus) (piétrain, dur ...201020022096
cranial muscles of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis).the detailed muscular anatomy of the head of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) is described for the first time. the results show that the muscular anatomy of the babyrousa is very similar to the pig genus sus, despite long geological separation from it. some differences were noted: the m. parietoauricularis was more clearly separated into two parts in the babirusa than in the domestic pig; the rostral fibres of the m. levator anguli oculi reached the infraorbital sinus in the babirusa ...201020028377
reduced l-type calcium current in ventricular myocytes from pigs with hyperdynamic septic shock.to hypothesize that reduced l-type calcium current with consequent shortening of cardiac repolarization is present in a clinically relevant porcine model of hyperdynamic septic shock. myocardial depression is a well-recognized manifestation of sepsis and septic shock. reduction of l-type calcium current was demonstrated to contribute to the myocardial depression in endotoxemic rodents.201020029342
porcine torque teno virus: determination of viral genomic loads by genogroup-specific multiplex rt-pcr, detection of frequent multiple infections with genogroups 1 or 2, and establishment of viral full-length sequences.torque teno virus (ttv) is a non-enveloped virus with a circular, single-stranded dna genome. ttv is currently classified in the unassigned genus anellovirus, and distinct ttvs of tentative species-status infect a wide range of vertebrates. in domestic pigs and wild boars, porcine ttv occurs in two genogroups, ttv1 and ttv2, which are currently detected using only conventional pcr assays. to allow high-throughput testing, the present study describes development of a multiplex real-time (rt)-pcr ...201020031342
anti-inflammatory effects of c1-inhibitor in porcine and human whole blood are independent of its protease inhibition activity.c1-inhibitor (c1-inh) is an important biological inhibitor, regulating several protein cascade systems. recent research has shown that the molecule exhibits properties not dependent on its protease inhibition activity. serum and whole blood from pigs and humans were pre-incubated with c1-inh, ic1-inh or the complement inhibitors spice or compstatin. whole, live escherichia coli were then added for further incubation. complement activation, a range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, as ...201019710096
distant effects of nitric oxide inhalation in endotoxemic pigs.inhalation of nitric oxide (ino) has distant effects. by a blood- borne factor, ino down-regulates endogenous nitric oxide production in healthy pig lungs, resulting in vasoconstriction in lung regions not directly reached by ino. the aim of this study was to investigate whether ino has distant effects in endotoxemic pig lungs. the hypothesis was that ino down-regulates endogenous no production in lung regions not reached by ino.201019730256
purification and characterisation of a p-selectin-binding molecule from the salivary glands of ornithodoros moubata that induces protective anti-tick immune responses in pigs.ornithodoros moubata is an argasid tick that lives in africa in wild and synanthropic habitats. it feeds on warthogs, domestic swine and humans, and is able to transmit severe diseases such as human relapsing fever and african swine fever. the elimination of o. moubata from the synanthropic surroundings should improve control of the diseases it transmits. previous attempts to develop a vaccine against o. moubata showed that a salivary gland extract (sge) induced a protective response that inhibi ...201019735664
detection of hepatitis e virus in wild boar (sus scrofa) livers.the routes of transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) in industrialised countries are largely unknown, but several studies suggest that hev can be a porcine zoonosis. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hev in the wild boar (sus scrofa) and to determine the genetic relationships between hev sequences recovered from wild boars and from domestic pigs and humans. hev rna was detected by real time reverse transcriptase pcr in 7/285 (2.5%) liver samples from wild boars hun ...201019747861
vocal and locomotor responses of piglets to social isolation and reunion.potentiation of infant isolation calls following a brief reunion with the mother is considered an index of filial bonding in altricial rodents. we investigated potentiation of isolation and reunion responses in 15-day-old unweaned domestic piglets (sus scrofa domesticus). when piglets were re-isolated following a brief, comforting reunion with their mother and littermates in their home pen, they displayed a persistence (relative potentiation) of calling and jumping. in contrast, when re-isolated ...201019774554
enteric calicivirus and rotavirus infections in domestic pigs.we report the prevalence of rotavirus and calicivirus infections, along with their respective association with diarrhoea in the porcine population of the region of northern spain. a total of 221 samples were collected at random from different farms in the region and from the main slaughterhouse facility in the city of zaragoza. faecal samples were scored as diarrhoeic or normal and grouped into five groups to match general farm management and age criteria: group i (suckling 0-4 weeks), group ii ...201019781118
detection of hepatitis e virus of genotype 3 in a farm pig in kinshasa (democratic republic of the congo).autochthonous hepatitis e is an emerging disease in industrialized countries where a growing body of data indicates that pigs represent a reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev) of genotype 3 or 4. in africa, only hev genotypes 1 and 2 have been identified in hepatitis e outbreaks as well as in sporadic cases. we aimed to investigate whether commercial pigs in sub-saharan africa might represent an hev reservoir using molecular assays. faecal samples from 40 pigs of the pietrain race housed in a fa ...201019800029
long-term cognitive enrichment affects opioid receptor expression in the amygdala of domestic pigs.enriching the housing environment by stimuli that challenge both reward and cognitive mechanisms may enhance behavioural experiences and can improve animal welfare, particularly in farm animals. a newly developed experimental feeding system for domestic pigs using food-rewarded learning of discriminatory and instrumental tasks enabled the animals to successfully master a cognitive challenge and to be rewarded ca. 30 times per day with small food portions. reward-related behaviour is expected to ...201019804558
impacts of acute severe pulmonary regurgitation on right ventricular geometry and contractility assessed by tissue-doppler echocardiography.little is known of the impact of acute right ventricular (rv) volume overload on rv function. we assessed the impact of acute severe pulmonary regurgitation (pr) on global and regional rv function by applying novel quantitative echocardiographic markers of myocardial performance in an animal model.201019812060
sequential activation of ground pads reduces skin heating during radiofrequency tumor ablation: in vivo porcine results.skin burns below ground pads during monopolar rf ablation are increasingly prevalent, thereby hindering the development of higher power rf generators capable of creating larger tumor ablation zones in combination with multiple or new applicators. our goal was to evaluate reduction in skin temperatures via additional ground pads in an in vivo porcine model. three ground pads placed on the animal's abdomen were activated either simultaneously or sequentially, where activation timing was adjusted t ...201019822466
cd14 inhibition efficiently attenuates early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in escherichia coli sepsis in pigs.sepsis is a severe infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome. inhibition of downstream inflammatory mediators of sepsis, e.g., tnf-alpha, has failed in clinical trials. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibiting cd14, a key upstream innate immunity molecule, on the early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in a pig model of gram-negative sepsis. the study comprised two arms, whole live escherichia coli bacteria and e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) (n=25 and n=9 a ...201019841036
using accumulated degree-days to estimate postmortem interval from the dna yield of porcine skeletal muscle.determining the age of meat may require dna extraction from tissue that may be frozen, chilled or sold over the counter of butchers. until now, there has no systematic study on the ageing of meat. in the human application, the parallel is the determination of the time of death or postmortem interval (pmi). the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of accumulated degree-days on the dna yield of skeletal muscle and its possible application to estimate pmi. this study focused on the e ...201019851896
cryopreservation of immature porcine testis tissue to maintain its developmental potential after xenografting into recipient mice.the purpose of this study was to develop effective strategies for cooling and cryopreservation of immature porcine testis tissue that maintain its developmental potential. testes from 1-wk-old piglets (sus domestica) were subjected to 1 of 12 cooling/cryopreservation protocols: as intact testes, cooling at 4 degrees c for 24, 48, or 72h (experiment 1); as fragments, programmed slow-freezing with dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), glycerol, or ethylene glycol (experiment 2); or solid-surface vitrificatio ...201019853904
the effect of tissue degradation on detection of infectious virus and viral rna to diagnose classical swine fever virus.a considerable part of tissue samples that are collected for the monitoring of classical swine fever (csf) from the wild boar population or from domestic pigs are unsuitable for virus detection using the fluorescent antibody test (fat) or virus isolation (vi), due to tissue degradation. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has a higher sensitivity than the fat and vi, and is supposed to be less sensitive to sample degradation. reliable and quantitative information on how long ...201019854005
a novel combination of taqman rt-pcr and a suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses.the genus pestivirus contains four recognized species: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1 and 2. all are economically important and globally distributed but classical swine fever is the most serious, concerning losses and control measures. it affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreaks of this disease in domestic pigs call for the most serious measures of disease control, including a stamping out policy in europe. since all the member ...201019854591
present and future arboviral threats.arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of human disease nearly worldwide. all arboviruses circulate among wild animals, and many cause disease after spillover transmission to humans and agriculturally important domestic animals that are incidental or dead-end hosts. viruses such as dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv) that have lost the requirement for enzootic amplification now produce extensive epidemics in tropical urban centers. many arboviruses recently have increased i ...201019857523
classical swine fever: comparison of oronasal immunisation with cp7e2alf marker and c-strain vaccines in domestic pigs.effective oronasal vaccination against classical swine fever (csf) is essential to achieve protection in wild boar. however the currently available live csf vaccines, e.g. c-strain, do not allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). a modified live marker vaccine candidate (cp7e2alf) has been recently developed (reimann et al., 2004). this communication reports the comparison of cp7e2alf and c-strain virus vaccines during 98 days following oronasal immunisat ...201019857935
chromosomal assignment of porcine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein gene family.this study presents the chromosomal assignment of a multiple pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (pag) gene family in the domestic pig (ppag). the ppag locus was identified by physical mapping (fluorescent in situ hybridisation-fish; with various probes), and additionally confirmed by southern hybridisation of ppag amplicons using laser microdissected sus scrofa chromosome 1 (ssc1), as genomic templates. various ppag probes were produced with the use of diverse identified templates: ppag1-6, -8, - ...201019487088
in vivo performance of selective electron beam-melted ti-6al-4v structures.highly porous titanium structures are widely used for maxillofacial and orthopedic surgery because of their excellent mechanical properties similar to those of human bone and their facilitation of bone ingrowth. in contrast to common methods, the generation of porous titaniumproducts by selective electron beam melting (sebm), an additive manufacturing technology, overcomes difficulties concerning the extreme chemical affinity of liquid titanium to atmospheric gases which consequently leads to st ...201019165781
wireless video capsule enteroscopy in preclinical studies: methodical design of its applicability in experimental pigs.the aim of this project was to develop a methodology to introduce wireless video capsule endoscopy in preclinical research. five mature female pigs (sus scrofa domestica) were selected for the study. capsule endoscopes (the endocapsule system; olympus) were introduced into the duodenum endoscopically in each of the animals. the life span of batteries (i.e., total time of endoscopy recording) was 487-540 min (median 492 min). the capsule endoscope reached the cecum during enteroscopy once (after ...201019294508
increased sinusoidal flow is not the primary stimulus to liver regeneration.hemodynamic changes in the liver remnant following partial hepatectomy (phx) have been suggested to be a primary stimulus in triggering liver regeneration. we hypothesized that it is the increased sinusoidal flow per se and hence the shear-stress stimulus on the endothelial surface within the liver remnant which is the main stimulus to regeneration. in order to test this hypothesis we wanted to increase the sinusoidal flow without performing a concomitant liver resection. accordingly, we constru ...201020148099
distinct gene expression profiles in egg and synergid cells of rice as revealed by cell type-specific microarrays.double fertilization in flowering plants refers to a process in which two sperm cells, carried by the pollen tube, fertilize both the egg and the central cell after their release into a synergid cell of the female gametophyte. the molecular processes by which the female gametophytic cells express their unique functions during fertilization are not well understood. genes expressed in egg and synergid cells might be important for multiple stages of the plant reproductive process. here, we profiled ...201021106719
infrahepatic caudal/inferior vena cava interruption with azygos/hemiazygos continuation. vascular anomaly in swine.swine are commonly used as a model to study congenital cardiovascular defects that occur in humans and these models have been both spontaneous and experimentally induced. ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect (asd) are examples of experimentally induced models. absence of caudal/inferior vena cava (cvc/ivc) with azygos/hemiazygos continuation is an uncommon vascular anomaly.201022933907
biomechanical testing of spinal segment fixed by thoracolumbar spine locking plate on the swine lumbar spine.the aim of the experiment was to compare the mechanical properties of intact spinal segment with impaired intervertebral disc and impaired intervertebral disc fixed by tslp (thoracolumbar spine locking plate).201021293547
characterization of plasma triiodophenol binding proteins in vertebrates and tissue distribution of triiodophenol in rana catesbeiana tadpoles.we investigated the interaction of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (tip), a potent thyroid hormone disrupting chemical, with serum proteins from rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss), bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), chicken (gallus gallus), pig (sus scrofa domesticus), and rat (rattus norvegicus) using a [(125)i]tip binding assay, gel filtration chromatography, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [(125)i]tip bound non-specifically to proteins in trout serum, specifically but weakly to proteins in bul ...201021147258
comparison of purified olive oil and silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of partial thickness porcine burns.introduction: burns are widespread in the developed world, and expensive burn dressings are not universally available. most burn patients suffer from a partial thickness burn that can be treated conservatively. nevertheless, the ideal dressing for the burn wound has not been identified. we performed an animal experiment to compare the healing of partial thickness burns treated with silver sulfadiazine (ssd) and olive oil. methods: a randomized controlled animal experiment was conducted on 3 anes ...201021159471
prins detection of 18s rdna in pig, red fox and chinese raccoon dog, and centromere dna in horse.the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique is widely used in animal cytogenetics. contrary to fish procedure, primed in situ dna synthesis (prins) does not require the dna probe preparation (design, synthesis, gel purification of pcr products and labeling). the prins method with primers used as 'dna probes' is both pcr-sensitive and allows for chromosomal localization of dna sequences. here, we show the application of prins reaction with one unlabeled oligonucleotide pair to identif ...201021166802
experimental infection of common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus ii: a comparative histopathological study.wild african suidae, the common warthog (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus), were experimentally infected with classical swine fever (csf) virus following the diagnosis of csf subtype 2.1 in domestic pigs in south africa in 2005. no data regarding the susceptibility or potential lesions of these african wild suids are available. seven subadult warthogs and six bushpigs were captured and infected intranasally with the south african isolate. two in-contact control animals ...201021176120
effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the sardinian wild boar.game species are often manipulated by human beings, whose activities can deeply affect their genetic make-up and population structure. we focused on a geographically isolated wild boar population (sardinia, italy), which is classified, together with the corsican population, as a separate subspecies (sus scrofa meridionalis). two hundred and ten wild boars collected across sardinia were analysed with a set of 10 microsatellites and compared with 296 reference genotypes from continental wild popul ...201021179064
effects of an alpha-4 integrin inhibitor on restenosis in a new porcine model combining endothelial denudation and stent placement.restenosis remains the main complication of balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation. preclinical testing of new pharmacologic agents preventing restenosis largely rely on porcine models, where restenosis is assessed after endothelial abrasion of the arterial wall or stent implantation. we combined endothelial cell denudation and implantation of stents to develop a new clinically relevant porcine model of restenosis, and used this model to determine the effects of an α4 integrin inhibitor, ...201021179441
prevalence and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii in feline faeces (oocysts) and meat from sheep, cattle and pigs in switzerland.the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii infects almost all warm blooded animal species including humans, and is one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasites worldwide. post-natal infection in humans is acquired through oral uptake of sporulated t. gondii oocysts or by ingestion of parasite tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of oocyst-shedding by cats and to assess the level of infection with t. gondii in meat-producing ...201021183278
irreversible electroporation in a swine lung model.this study was designed to evaluate the safety and tissue effects of ire in a swine lung model.201021191587
single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the x-cone: a feasibility study in 9 pigs.virtually any port system for single-port laparoscopic surgery is for single usage only. the aim of this study was to trial the novel and completely reusable port x-cone in order to perform a cholecystectomy by one infraumbilical incision.201021193478
scanning electron microscopy analysis of luminal inflammation induced by different types of coronary stent in an animal model.there is histological evidence that drug-eluting stents are associated with delayed endothelialization and a persistent inflammatory state. moreover, clusters of inflammatory cells have been observed on luminal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. with the aim of quantifying this inflammatory response, we implanted one bare-metal stent and two drug-eluting stents containing different doses of vinblastine embedded in the same polymer into the coronary arteries of 12 domestic pigs. the densit ...201021195533
infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures.a series of experiments are conducted in vivo using yucatan mini-pigs (sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1940-nm continuous-wave thulium fiber laser irradiation. experiments employ exposure durations from 10 ms to 10 s and beam diameters of approximately 4.8 to 18 mm. thermal imagery data provide a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. a damage endpoint of minimally visible effect is employed to determine threshold for damage at 1 ...201021198172
comparison of electrocardiographic recordings in open-chest and closed-chest swine models.the aim of our study was to compare the electrocardiographic recordings in an experimental open-chest swine model before and after left-sided thoracotomy to detect any surgery-induced fluctuations that might interfere with subsequent experimental interventions. we obtained electrocardiograms from 8 deeply anesthetized domestic swine and compared the respective st-segment potentials obtained after vascular surgery and after left-sided thoracotomy and dissection of the left anterior descending cor ...201021205452
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