Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| edwardsiella tarda septicaemia in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1996 | 8660188 | |
| human lipoprotein lipase last exon is not translated, in contrast to lower vertebrates. | we have sequenced the first fish (zebrafish, brachydanio rerio) lipoprotein lipase (lpl) cdna clone. similarities were found in mammalian lpl cdna, but the codon spanning the last two exons (which is thus split by the last intron) is aga (arg) as opposed to tga in mammals. exon 10 is thus partially translated. these results were confirmed with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). we also investigated whether mammal tga coded for selenocystein (secys), the 21st amino acid, but found that this was ... | 1996 | 8660435 |
| the recombination activating gene 2 (rag2) of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we have previously described the isolation and expression of rag1 in trout to provide an initial understanding regarding the tissues involved in v(d)j recombination of antigen receptors in this teleost. here we report that the recombination activating gene 2 (rag2) of rainbow trout has now been cloned and characterized. the rainbow trout genomic rag2 gene (1602 base pairs) displays an average of 60% and 75% similarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level when compared with clones from other sp ... | 1996 | 8662087 |
| gene expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following intramuscular injection of dna. | expression of the firefly luciferase gene under the control of viral or fish promoters was observed in fish tissue after direct dna injection of plasmid dna. plasmid dna containing the firefly luciferase gene was injected into the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and levels of luciferase activity were found to be dependent on the controlling promoter and the amount of injected dna. plasmids using the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (cmv-iep) consistently produced ... | 1996 | 8680523 |
| genetic immunization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | plasmid vectors encoding the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) nucleoprotein or glycoprotein gene under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter were used to immunize rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against ihnv. the plasmid dna was injected into the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout fry, and immunization was determined by the detection of virus-neutralizing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody activity, and by protection against live virus challenge. fish injected wit ... | 1996 | 8680524 |
| structure and diversity of the tcr alpha-chain in a teleost fish. | t cell receptor beta-chain genes are well characterized in representatives of most vertebrate phyla, from sharks to mammals, but the molecular structure of complete tcr alpha-chains has not yet been established in cold-blooded vertebrates. we used a pcr approach to isolate cdnas encoding putative teleost fish (oncorhynchus mykiss, rainbow trout) tcr alpha-chains. eight v alpha segments were identified, belonging to six different families, and the best amino acid sequence identity scores for thes ... | 1996 | 8683116 |
| regulation of cartilage glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by 3,3',5-tri-iodo-l-thyronine and igf-i. | the actions of 3,3',5-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (t3) and recombinant human igf-i (rhigf-i) as well as their interaction on cartilage growth in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. uptake of 3h-methyl thymidine and 35s-sulfate by isolated branchial cartilage was measured as a marker for chondrocyte proliferation and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis respectively. when t3 (1.0 microgram/g) was injected intraperitoneally, plasma t3 levels reached a transient peak after 1 day and decreas ... | 1996 | 8708549 |
| fate and biological effects of polymeric mdi (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and homologs) in small artificial ponds. | the effects from a simulated accidental pollution event in a pond with polymeric mdi (4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and homologs) on different trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem were investigated in small artificial ponds. three 4.5-m3 volume ponds, interconnected with closable locks, were provided with natural lake sediment and ground water. caged fish (rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss) were added to each pond, and the interconnecting locks were kept open to establish nearly identica ... | 1996 | 8723751 |
| thyroid hormone deiodination pathways in brain and liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | outer-ring (5') deiodination (ord) and inner-ring (5) deiodination (ird) of l-thyroxine (t4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) were studied in whole-brain microsomes of rainbow trout and compared with liver deiodination. brain t4ord activity (apparent km = 1.2-2.5 nm; v(max) = 0.10-0.14 pmol/hr/mg microsomal protein) was less than t4ird activity (apparent km = 4.9; v(max) = 0.32) and t3ird activity (apparent km = 5.2-5.4; v(max) = 1.1-2.0); t3ord activity was negligible. all three brain deiodi ... | 1996 | 8729942 |
| tissue distribution and structure of barrier cells in the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs of salmonids. | barrier cells have been recognized as a discrete group of fibroblastic- or myofibroblastic-like cells located in the lymphoid and hematopoietic organs of mammals. this paper reports the results of a morphological study of the main lymphoid organs of three salmonid species, in which cells structurally similar to the mammalian barrier cells were observed in healthy animals. | 1996 | 8731035 |
| effect of feeding time on hepatic nucleic acid, plasma t3, t4, and gh concentrations in rainbow trout. | the effect of feeding time (dawn, midnight) on the growth performance and daily pattern of liver nucleic acid concentrations, plasma thyroid hormone, and growth hormone concentrations was studied in immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, mean individual weight: 55 g). fish were held in groups of 20 individuals (12 groups per treatment) and maintained in flow-through tanks supplied with river water under natural photoperiod. food pellets (aqualim, 49% crude protein) were delivered daily ove ... | 1996 | 8737893 |
| a live (delta aroa) aeromonas salmonicida vaccine for furunculosis preferentially stimulates t-cell responses relative to b-cell responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we have previously described (l. m. vaughan, p. r. smith, and t. j. foster, infect. immun. 61:2172-2181, 1993) the construction of a kanamycin-resistant aromatic-dependent mutant of aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, and its use as a live vaccine. here we describe the construction of an unmarked aroa deletion mutant and examine the nature and magnitude of immune responses in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to this vaccine strain. good proliferative and antibody respo ... | 1996 | 8751940 |
| isolation and characterization of a vitellogenin cdna from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the complete sequence of a phosvitin coding segment. | phosvitins are extensively phosphorylated serine-rich proteins that are derived from a large hepatic phosphoglycolipoprotein, vitellogenin, and are deposited, after suitable processing, in the eggs of oviparous vertebrates. despite their widespread occurrence and apparent importance for early embryonic development, very few phosvitins have been sequenced thus far, including no teleost protein. we used a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-assisted approach to isolate a vitellogenin cdna clone, compl ... | 1996 | 8756342 |
| effects of in vitro addition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses. | infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) did not replicate in rainbow trout macrophages cultured in vitro, but a limited increase in viral titer was observed when total leucocytes were infected with the virus. macrophages did not respond directly to ipnv, in that ipnv did not trigger the respiratory burst of these cells, even when the macrophages were previously stimulated. supernatants were generated from leucocytes and macrophages exposed to the virus, using a variety of incubation periods ... | 1996 | 8792573 |
| cloning and expression of salmon cardiac troponin c: titration of the low-affinity ca(2+)-binding site using a tryptophan mutant. | activation of cardiac actomyosin atpase requires the occupation of the single low-affinity ca(2+)-binding site of troponin c (ctnc). previously, we demonstrated pronounced differences between mammals and cold-water salmonid fish in the ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac preparations, particularly in relation to temperature [churcotte, c., moyes, c. d., baldwin, k., bressler, b., & tibbits, g. f. (1994) am. j. physiol. 267, r62-r70]. in this study, we examine the extent to which ctnc structure could acc ... | 1996 | 8794756 |
| kinetic analysis of thyroid hormone secretion and interconversion in the 5-day-fasted rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | estimating the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t3) thyroidal secretion rate and the rate of extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine (t4) to t3 are two difficult and important quantitative endocrine system problems in vertebrates. to address these questions in fish, two thyroid hormone tracer studies were modeled and analyzed, based on data from two groups of rainbow trout maintained at 12 degrees and fasted for 5 days. the data consisted of three time series: plasma concentrations of radioactive 125i-la ... | 1996 | 8812348 |
| identification of thyroid hormone conjugates produced by isolated hepatocytes and excreted in bile of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied thyroid hormone (th) conjugation in fasted trout by incubating isolated hepatocytes with either [125i]t4 or [125i]t3, and by analyzing bile from trout injected with either [125i]t4 or [125i]t3. glucuronide conjugates were identified by hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase and sulfate conjugates by acid solvolysis with ethyl acetate/trifluoroacetic acid (1%). we used sephadex lh-20 chromatography to concentrate the conjugate fractions from hepatocyte incubates prior to hplc analysis. glu ... | 1996 | 8812356 |
| characteristics of the uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine and l-thyroxine into red blood cells of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the mechanisms of uptake of thyroid hormones (th) 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) by trout red blood cells (rbc) were characterized by coincubating washed rbc with [125i]t3 or [125i]t4 and a variety of inhibitors and potentially competing amino acids and th analogues. nonsaturable uptake of both th was unaffected by almost all agents tested, consistent with a diffusion process. saturable t3 uptake was unaffected by a major (80%) cyanide- and iodoacetate-induced reduction in ... | 1996 | 8812373 |
| 11-ketotestosterone suppresses interrenal activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | interrenal activity in relation to sexual maturity in male rainbow trout, and the effects of in vivo treatment with 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) were investigated. silastic pellets containing either 11-kt or no steroid were implanted in maturing male and immature male and female rainbow trout for a total of 11 weeks. two weeks before termination of the experiment, animals were subjected to crowding, and blood samples were taken 15-90 min after initial disturbance. at the termination of the experi ... | 1996 | 8812400 |
| a highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic dna of the medaka (oryzias latipes). | a highly repetitive interspersed dna sequence (mre) was isolated from the genome of medaka, oryzias latipes, and characterized. three distinct sequences of mre were cloned and compared. the conserved sequences of mre were approximately 220 bp in length. on average, one copy of mre was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of mre in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. mre constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. mre-related sequences were not detected in carp (cy ... | 1996 | 8817927 |
| dioxinlike properties of a trichloroethylene combustion-generated aerosol. | conventional chemical analyses of incineration by-products identify compounds of known toxicity but often fail to indicate the presence of other chemicals that may pose health risks. in a previous report, extracts from soot aerosols formed during incomplete combustion of trichloroethylene (tce) and pyrolysis of plastics exhibited a dioxinlike response when subjected to a keratinocyte assay. to verify this dioxinlike effect, the complete extract, its polar and nonpolar fractions, some containing ... | 1996 | 8841759 |
| 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine and l-thyroxine uptake into red blood cells of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | uptake of the thyroid hormones (th) 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and l-thyroxine (t4) by trout red blood cells (rbc) was studied by incubating washed rbc in a balanced salts medium containing glucose and [125i]th at the fish acclimation temperature of 12 degrees. rbc were separated from the medium by centrifugation through silicone oil and glycine buffer (ph 10.5). maximal [125i]t3 uptake occurred by 10-15 min, but not by 60 min for [125i]t4. first-order uptake was measured at 30 sec for t3 a ... | 1996 | 8860308 |
| evidence of a protein c-like anticoagulant system in bony fish. | evidence is presented, confirming the presence of an anticoagulant system in the plasma of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) (order: teleostei, family: salmonidae) that bears striking similarities with the protein c anticoagulant system in mammals; its vitamin k-dependence was documented through a warfarin feeding trial. a potent activator of this system is the protein c activator from the venom of the central american moccasin, agkistrodon bilineatu ... | 1996 | 8873347 |
| cloning and expression of the proteolipid protein dm20 cdna from the brain of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the myelin sheath in higher vertebrates consists predominantly of proteolipid protein (plp) and its smaller isoform dm20. mutations in the plp gene produces several neurological disorders such as pelizaeus-merzbacher disease and the rumpshaker phenotype in mice. this paper describes the cloning and expression of dm20 from the brain of rainbow trout. we have isolated a nearly full-length cdna clone containing 1835 bp that codes for a protein of 258 amino acids. trout dm20 shows extensive homology ... | 1996 | 8883944 |
| characteristics of current international trade of live salmonid eggs. | world trade in live salmonid embryos (eyed eggs) has grown in response to increased global salmon production, particularly in south america, and parallels international trade in farmed salmonid products. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and coho salmon (o. kisutch) are the most commercially important species. in 1992, the food and agriculture organization of the united nations estimated world production of rainbow trout at 300,000 tonnes, while the production of ... | 1996 | 8890373 |
| disease problems of salmonid fish in japan caused by international trade. | the author details the connection between disease outbreaks in salmonid fish and imports of salmonid eggs into japan since the 1950s. the following diseases and species are involved: -infectious pancreatic necrosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) -infectious haematopoietic necrosis in sockeye ( of 'kokanee') salmon (o. nerka) and masu salmon (o. masu) -cold water disease, erythrocyte inclusion body syndrome, and bacterial kidney disease (caused by renibacterium salmoninarum) in coho salmo ... | 1996 | 8890379 |
| a simplified pcr-based method for the detection of renibacterium salmoninarum utilizing preparations of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) lymphocytes. | a method for the detection of renibacterium salmoninarum by pcr is described. a rapid, reliable procedure was developed for the extraction of dna, which could be applied to infected kidney homogenates and head kidney lymphocyte preparations. the target for dna amplification was a 376-bp region of the gene encoding the 57-kda major surface antigen (msa). the pcr was specific for r. salmoninarum and allowed the detection of 10 to 100 cells of the pathogen. use of the pcr for the examination of exp ... | 1996 | 8899978 |
| vimentin in a cold-water fish, the rainbow trout: highly conserved primary structure but unique assembly properties. | we have isolated from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) spleen cdna library a clone coding for vimentin. the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a high degree of identity with vimentin from carp (81%), frog (71%), chick and human (73% each). large stretches in the central alpha-helical rod are identical within all four classes of vertebrates, but in 17 residues spread over the entire rod, the two fish differ distinctly from the tetrapod species. in addition, in the more diverged non-helical ... | 1996 | 8907703 |
| pathology of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and redfin perch (perca fluviatilis l). | the gross and histopathological lesions of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and redfin perch (perca fluviatilis l) were examined during epidemiological studies on an endemically infected trout farm and in experimentally infected fish of the same two species maintained in the laboratory. intercurrent infections were common in rainbow trout in field outbreaks, producing a variety of lesions and clinical signs, but the following ... | 1996 | 8910739 |
| humoral immunoglobulins of the white sturgeon, acipenser transmontanus: partial characterization of and recognition with monoclonal antibodies. | white sturgeon (acipenser transmontanus) immunoglobulin (ig) was purified from serum by two methods, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration and precipitation of the euglobulin fraction. the purity of these immunoglobulin preparations was confirmed by gel electrophoresis. sequence analysis of the n-terminal amino acids confirmed that the purified protein was immunoglobulin. the major portion of the immunoglobulin preparation consisted of two proteins with estimated molecular weights (m.w. ... | 1996 | 8915630 |
| an aeromonas salmonicida gene required for the establishment of infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the asob gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 9 kb downstream of the structural gene (vapa) for the surface layer (a-layer). the nucleotide sequence of asob was determined and found to encode a putative polytopic cytoplasmic membrane protein which exhibited homology to a number of bacterial transport proteins. allele exchange mutagenesis of asob resulted in a mutant (a449-d) which was avirulent when administered by bath immersion. however, when administered by intraperitoneal i ... | 1996 | 8917088 |
| influence of environmental temperature on experimental infection of redfin perch (perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus, an australian iridovirus. | experimental transmission of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) to adult redfin perch perca fluviatilis and juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was undertaken at different water temperatures using intraperitoneal (ip) and bath inoculation. redfin perch were highly susceptible to ehnv by both routes of infection. bath inoculation with as few as 0.08 tcid50.ml-1 was lethal. the incubation period in redfin perch was about 11 days at a water temperature of 19-21 degrees c but was ... | 1995 | 8929189 |
| arlee line of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibits a low level of nonspecific cytotoxic cell activity. | nonspecific cytotoxic cell (ncc) activity was assessed in the peripheral blood of four isogenic lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) which were derived by the chromosome set manipulation technique of androgenesis. in these fish, whose isogenicity was previously confirmed by multilocus dna fingerprint analysis, ncc activity was studied by the release of 51cr from yac-1 targets. two groups of trout (the homozygous arlee 12 line and the heterozygous hybrid of the arlee 63 and arlee 12 lines ... | 1995 | 8773199 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin. | 1. a specific and simple enzyme-linked immunoassay for rainbow trout (onchorynchus mykiss) vitellogenin (vtg) is described. this assay is performed using a rabbit antiserum for vtg purified from trout plasma. 2. this assay is based upon the competition between soluble vtg and vtg adsorbed on microtiter plates, for the rabbit anti-vtg antibody binding sites. 3. the adsorbed vtg-antibody complexes are revealed through the peroxidase-antiperoxidase antibody, which is colored by o-phenylendiamin. th ... | 1995 | 8567984 |
| some functional properties of teleost antithrombin. | antithrombin from bony fish (teleostei), represented by an ancient salmonid, atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), and a more evolved species from the same family, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum), functions in vitro as does its human counterpart: it inactivates thrombin almost instantaneously in the presence of heparin and only slowly when heparin is absent. the inhibitory activity of salmonid antithrombin towards the homologous thrombin did not differ noticeably from its inactivating ca ... | 1995 | 8578545 |
| comparison of diagnostic tests for bacterial kidney disease in juvenile steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in order to accurately diagnose bacterial kidney disease caused by renibacterium salmoninarum in steelhead trout, kidney tissue from experimentally infected fish was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit, fluorescent antibody (fa) testing, bacteriologic culture, and histopathology. seventy-five steelhead trout were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups and intraperitoneally inoculated with 0.15 ml saline (n = 20), 1 x 10(10) organisms/ml (n = 18 ... | 1995 | 8580171 |
| properties of iridoviruses from ornamental fish. | an iridovirus from 2 species of freshwater tropical imported fish was examined for its antigenic and biochemical properties and virulence for 3 species of food fish. the virus was found in both guppy (poecilia reticulata) and doctor fish (labroides dimidatus). the virus replicated in numerous fish cell lines including bf-2, cco and epc. virus titers reached 10(8) tcid50/ml in each cell line. the virions had similar size and morphology to those previously reported to cause systemic infections amo ... | 1995 | 8581016 |
| dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (posilac) on growth performance and body composition of two-year-old rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two hundred rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, mean weight 301.5 g) were allotted to four treatments with five replicates in a randomized block design to determine the dose-response effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst; posilac) on growth performance and carcass composition. treatments were sham-injected controls (s), 10 micrograms/g bw of rbst (l), 20 micrograms/g bw of rbst (m), and 30 micrograms/g bw of rbst (h). the tanks held 135 l; water flow = 15.1 l/min; temperature = 15 deg ... | 1995 | 8586575 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna genome of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial dna of the rainbow trout, onchorynchus mykiss, has been determined. the total length of the molecule is 16,660 bp. the rainbow trout mitochondrial dna has the same organization described in eutherian mammals, the clawed frog (xenopus laevis), and the two fish species, oriental stream loach (crossotoma lacustre) and carp (cyprinus carpio). alignment and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13 proteins encoded by rainbow trout ... | 1995 | 8587139 |
| study of a viral-dual infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by seroneutralization, western blot and polymerase chain reaction assays. | viral-dual infections in fish are of interest to aquaculture practices but they are rarely described and studied. several methods were applied in this work to demonstrate a case of coinfection in a reared rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) population. inoculation in cell cultures and cross-neutralization tests were the standard procedures that made it possible to isolate and identify a birnavirus, the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv), and suspect of a second virus. western blotting w ... | 1995 | 8588842 |
| immunolocalization of proton pumps (h+-atpase) in pavement cells of rainbow trout gill | the expression of the v-type proton atpase (h+-atpase) was examined in the gill of the freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immunocytochemistry in concert with laser scanning confocal or electron microscopy. a synthetic peptide consisting of the carboxy-terminal region of the 31 kda subunit of the bovine renal h+-atpase was used to generate an antiserum in rabbits, and its suitability for use in trout gill was confirmed by western blotting. gill epithelial cells demonstrated spec ... | 1995 | 9320557 |
| the ecology of endoparasitic helminth infections of brown trout (salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in scotland. | two hundred and forty brown trout (salmo trutta) and 49 rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), obtained from 21 locations in central scotland between october 1990 and august 1993, were examined for endoparasitic helminth infections. crepidostomum farionis (digenea) was the most widely distributed helminth species, followed by eubothrium crassum (cestoda), diphyllobothrium dendriticum and d. ditremum (cestoda), neoechinorhynchus rutili (acanthocephala), echinorhynchus truttae (acanthocephala), eust ... | 1995 | 9599425 |
| experiments on second intermediate fish host related cercarial transmission of the eyefluke diplostomum spathaceum into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of host variables such as size and density, on the transmission of cercariae of diplostomum spathaceum (rudolphi, 1819) into a second intermediate fish host, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), was studied quantitatively in laboratory experiments under varying exposure conditions. differences in the number of established metacercariae were noted in differently sized fish exposed singly to the same number of cercariae and in water volumes related to the body surface area of t ... | 1995 | 9599427 |
| [a study of the cause of massive mortality among marine-cultured rainbow trout (oncorrhynchus mykiss, walbaum) in a fish farm in the southwestern netherlands]. | the present study investigated the mass mortality of marine cultured young rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) in the netherlands. the course of the disease, the clinical symptoms, and bacteriological and virological investigations lead to the diagnosis: 'primary infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) infection followed by secondary vibriosis'. treatment with flumequine seemed to be effective. the trout were possible infected with ipnv at the trout hatchery and nursery from which t ... | 1995 | 7482471 |
| recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein epitopes expressed in aeromonas salmonicida induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | fragments of the glycoprotein genes of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) were cloned into a bacterial broad-host-range expression vector under the control of the plac promoter. western blot (immunoblot) analysis with monoclonal antibodies specific to the glycoproteins demonstrated the inducible expression of the fusion proteins in escherichia coli. aeromonas salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish. it was conf ... | 1995 | 7486994 |
| parasite infections in danish trout farms. | samples from 5 danish freshwater trout farms rearing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined for parasite infections from october 1993 until november 1994 and recorded parasites are listed. in addition, results from an examination of a mariculture net cage system are presented as well. a total of 10 metazoan and 10 protozoan parasites were recorded. the metazoans included gyrodactylus derjavini, gyrodactylus salaris, eubothrium crassum, triaenophorus nodulosus, proteocephalus sp., dipl ... | 1995 | 7502946 |
| immunoregulatory activities of eicosanoids in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | eicosanoids such as prostaglandins (pg), leukotrienes (lt) and lipoxins (lx) have been shown to be potent immunoregulatory molecules in mammals. to determine if they have similar roles in 'lower' animals, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were immunized with either sheep erythrocytes or aeromonas salmonicida in the presence or absence of the stable analogue of pge2, 16,16-dimethyl-pge2, and the number of plaque-forming cells (pfc) or specific antibody levels determined. the higher dose of 16,1 ... | 1995 | 7558126 |
| life-cycle description and comparison of diplostomum spathaceum (rudolphi, 1819) and d. pseudobaeri (razmaskin & andrejak, 1978) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) maintained in identical hosts. | precise identification of members of the genus diplostomum is difficult in that many larval stages have been described and named separately from their adult forms. in this study, the life cycles of two diplostomum spp. were established using metacercariae obtained from the eyes of rainbow trout. the parasites were identified as d. spathaceum and d. pseudobaeri using a procedure and key devised by shigin. each life cycle was completed in the laboratory using domestic chickens (gallus gallus domes ... | 1995 | 7567910 |
| natural killer cell enhancement factor-like gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1995 | 7590985 | |
| structure and diversity of the t cell antigen receptor beta-chain in a teleost fish. | cell-mediated immunity (e.g., allograft rejection) is found in all vertebrates, and these reactions are known to depend on thymus-derived cells in amphibian, avian, and mammalian species. the participation of peripheral t cell-like lymphocytes subpopulations to fish immunity is now well documented, but the developmental origin, migration, and peripheral tissue distribution of these cells remain practically unknown. this is mainly due to the difficulty of efficiently thymectomizing fish at an ear ... | 1995 | 7608547 |
| a conserved aeromonas salmonicida porin provides protective immunity to rainbow trout. | a protein with an apparent m(r) of 28,000 was isolated from outer membrane preparations of aeromonas salmonicida a440. the protein was tested for the ability to form pores, using a planar lipid bilayer model membrane system. the protein appeared to be a monomer with a single-channel conductance in 1.0 m kcl of 1.96 ns and a cation/anion permeability ratio of 2.91 +/- 0.68. these data show that the porin channel is comparable in size to ompc and ompf of escherichia coli and is relatively nonselec ... | 1995 | 7622241 |
| appearance of insulin-like growth factor mrna in the liver and pyloric ceca of a teleost in response to exogenous growth hormone. | augmentation of vertebrate growth by growth hormone (gh) is primarily due to its regulation of insulin-like growth factor i (igf i) and igf ii levels. to characterize the effect of gh on the levels of igf i and igf ii mrna in a teleost, 10 micrograms of bovine gh (bgh) per g of body weight was administered to juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) through i.p. injection. the levels of igf i and igf ii mrna were determined simultaneously, by using rnase protection assays, in the liver, pylo ... | 1995 | 7624349 |
| effect of lindane exposure on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity. iv. prevention of nonspecific and specific immunosuppression by dietary vitamin c (ascorbate-2-polyphosphate). | the effect of the organochlorine insecticide lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) administered intraperitoneally at 10 or 50 mg/kg body wt on some major immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. fish were fed vitamin c as ascorbate-2-polyphosphate at a basal level (60 mg ascorbic acid-(aa)-equivalent/kg of feed) or a high level (2000 mg aa-equivalent/kg) 1 month before lindane exposure and during the whole experiment. the aim of the experiment was to determine whethe ... | 1995 | 7541339 |
| hplc determination of plasma thiocyanate concentrations in fish blood: application to laboratory pharmacokinetic and field-monitoring studies. | the pharmacokinetics of thiocyanate (scn-) in the blood plasma of 35-g rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were followed during a 20-day exposure to 39.8 mg scn- liter-1 and the subsequent 16-day depuration period. scn- concentrations were determined by reverse-phase hplc. kinetic constants were estimated using a one-compartment first-order kinetic model fitted to the data by the computer programs biofac and systat. the respective biofac and systat estimates for the uptake rate constant (k1, 0.5 ... | 1995 | 7541344 |
| [antibody response, cortisolemia and prolactinemia in rainbow trouts]. | we have studied the humoral immune response (production of anti-yersinia ruckeri antibodies), and measured the levels of plasmatic hormones (cortisol and prolactin) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to hyperosmotic stress (nacl, 22 / 1000). under acute stressful conditions (saline stress during 7 days), high blood cortisol and prolactin (prl) levels were correlated with a weak anti-yersinia ruckeri antibody response, as evidenced by late and low antibody titres as compared to norm ... | 1995 | 7671011 |
| experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish. | in 1984 a disease of fish appeared in israel which spread rapidly in cultured fishponds. the disease affected tilapia (oreochromis aura x oreochromis nilotica hybrids) and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). common carp (cyprinus carpus), although reared in community with tilapia were not susceptible to the disease. various species of ornamental cyprinids and cichlids were also affected. morbidity was high and mortality ranged between 50% (in trout) and 30% (in tilapia). clinical and pathological findi ... | 1995 | 7716882 |
| molecular characterization of an aeromonas salmonicida mutant with altered surface morphology and increased systemic virulence. | the asoa gene of aeromonas salmonicida is located approximately 7 kb downstream of the a-layer structural gene, vapa. a 6 kb bamhi fragment containing asoa was cloned and marker-exchange mutagenesis using a kanamycin-resistance cassette was performed to generate an asoa mutation in the low-virulence strain a449l. when analysed by electron microscopy, the mutant a449l-mb exhibited an altered surface morphology. strands and blebs of membranous material were observed protruding from the disorganize ... | 1995 | 7752897 |
| trout and chicken proglucagon: alternative splicing generates mrna transcripts encoding glucagon-like peptide 2. | in mammals, the proglucagon gene is transcribed into a single identical mrna in pancreas, intestine, and brain. the proglucagon mrna encodes glucagon and two glucagon-like peptides (glp 1 and glp 2), whose production is regulated by tissue-specific proteolytic processing. previously characterized pancreatic proglucagon cdnas from birds and fish encode glucagon and only one glucagon-like peptide, glp 1. the isolation of intestinal proglucagon cdnas from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and ... | 1995 | 7776976 |
| purification and structural characterization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the trout and bowfin. | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) was purified from extracts of the stomachs of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the bowfin, amia calva. the primary structure of vip from both species was the same: his-ser-asp-ala-ile-phe-thr-asp-asn-tyr10- ser-arg-phe-arg-lys-gln-met-ala-val-lys20-lys-tyr-leu-asn-ser-val- leu-thr. this amino acid sequence shows only one amino acid substitution (val5-->ile) compared with the common sequence of vip from the chicken, alligator, and european green ... | 1995 | 7781967 |
| evolution of specific antigen recognition: size reduction and restricted length distribution of the cdrh3 regions in the rainbow trout. | the immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire in fish was investigated by cloning a total of 88 rearranged vdj junctions from the head kidney b cell mrna of a salmonid, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). trout dh segments are short and cannot be classified into independent dh families. several of the ten identified putative dh segments had stretches of nucleotide sequence identity with mouse (dq52, dfl 16.2 and dsp 2.1), human (dm1) and chicken (dh4) dh. there was a clear preference for one or ... | 1995 | 7843242 |
| [effect of a supplemental aspergillus niger phytase on the utilization of plant phosphorus by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)]. | effects of a supplemental aspergillus niger-phytase on digestibility and utilization of dietary phosphorus (p) were studied in three experiments with rainbow trout. p concentration in the diets was 4.8 and 5.8 g/kg dm, respectively. the p contained in the diet originated solely from plants, mainly soy-products. digestibility of p was studied using the stripping method and hydrochloride insoluble ash as marker. utilization was studied in growth trials by use of the comparative body analysis. at a ... | 1995 | 8526727 |
| characterization of a rainbow trout mx gene. | a full-length cdna clone of a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) mx gene was obtained using race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of rna extracted from poly (i).(c)-induced rainbow trout gonad cells (rtg-2). mx was previously identified in rainbow trout by staeheli et al. by hybridization with a partial perch genomic mx probe to induced rainbow trout mrna. the 2.5 kb rainbow trout cdna clone contains an open reading frame of 1863 nt (nucleotides) ... | 1995 | 8528941 |
| use of aquatic organisms as models to determine the in vivo contribution of flavin-containing monooxygenases in xenobiotic biotransformation. | in an attempt to understand the evolution and role of flavin-containing monooxygenases (fmos) in xenobiotic biotransformation by aquatic organisms, a survey of hepatic fmo activity (n,n-dimethylaniline n-oxidase and thiourea oxidase) was performed in one brackish water fish and 17 species of freshwater fish, one of which was anadromous. only hepatic microsomes from the brackish water medaka (oryzia latipes), the freshwater centrarid lepomis macrochirus, and the anadromous rainbow trout (oncorhyn ... | 1995 | 8541983 |
| refined crystal structure of lysozyme from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | lysozymes (e.c. 3.2.1.17) are well characterized ubiquitous enzymes that have an antibacterial effect. the lysozymes from rainbow trout (rbtl) (oncorhynchus mykiss) could be particularly interesting in aquaculture since they show higher activity than egg-white lysozyme and lysozymes from other fish species against a variety of pathogenic bacteria. two lysozymes, i and ii, differing only in a single amino acid, were purified from the kidney of rainbow trout and shown to belong to the c-type class ... | 1995 | 15299303 |
| effects of waterborne copper, cyanide, ammonia, and nitrite on stress parameters and changes in susceptibility to saprolegniosis in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effects of toxic exposures on the susceptibility of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to saprolegniosis were evaluated. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper (0.25 mg/liter), cyanide (0.07 mg/liter), ammonia (0.5 mg/liter), and nitrite (0.24 mg/liter) for 24 h. after exposure, the fish were challenged by saprolegnia parasitica (3.6 x 10(sup6) zoospores per liter) for 10 min. cortisol and cholesterol were used to indicate stress response. similar increases of cortisol were ... | 1995 | 16535039 |
| immunohistochemical localization of bioactive peptides and amines associated with the chromaffin tissue of five species of fish. | biogenic peptides and amines associated with the chromaffin tissue in atlantic cod (gadus morhua), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), european eel (anguilla anguilla), spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) and atlantic hagfish (myxine glutinosa) were identified utilizing immunohistochemical techniques. within the posterior cardinal vein (pcv) in cod, trout and eel, a subpopulation of chromaffin cells displayed immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (th) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (d beta h) b ... | 1995 | 7606765 |
| universal assay of vitellogenin as a biomarker for environmental estrogens. | vitellogenin (vtg), the serum phospholipoglycoprotein precursor to egg yolk, is potentially an ideal biomarker for environmental estrogens. this study was undertaken to develop antibodies against conserved regions on the vtg molecule that could form the basis for establishing bioassays to detect estrogen exposure in any oviparous vertebrate. we developed monoclonal antibodies (mabs) generated against purified rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vtg and selected for the property of specifically r ... | 1995 | 8593883 |
| specific [3h]spiperone binding sites in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus). | dopamine, a catecholamine neurohormone, modulates pituitary hormone release in teleost fishes and other vertebrates. the existence and binding parameters of a pituitary dopamine-neuroleptic receptor from trout were examined and compared with those from goldfish. pituitary homogenate was incubated with [3h]spiperone (d2 antagonist) under several experimental paradigms; incubations were terminated by filtration and bound 3h radioactivity was assessed by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. specific ... | 1995 | 7585324 |
| thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the pituitary of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | binding parameters of radiolabeled pglu-3-me-his2-pro-nh2 ([3h]metrh) to pituitary trh receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated. washed pituitary membranes were incubated with [3h]metrh in the absence (b0) or presence of trh or trh analogs under various paradigms. specific binding (bsp) was thermolabile and tissue dependent. association of bsp was slow (k + 1 = 1.43 x 10(7) m-1 min-1) achieving equilibrium binding after 60 min, and remai ... | 1995 | 7622016 |
| roles of energy status, katp channels and channel arrest in fish brain k+ gradient dissipation during anoxia | the crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) is one of the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates known, being able to maintain ion homeostasis in its brain for many hours of anoxia. this study aims to clarify the importance of glycolysis during anoxia and also to investigate whether the extreme tolerance to anoxia could be due to down-regulation of k+ permeability ('channel arrest') and/or activation of atp-sensitive k+ (katp) channels. the latter was also tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). ... | 1995 | 9320504 |
| immune-complex trapping in the splenic ellipsoids of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), immunised with horseradish peroxidase, were given horseradish peroxidase intravenously, and the trapping of antigen in the spleen was followed 1, 24, and 48 h after injection. after 1 h, the localisation of horseradish peroxidase indicated that the antigen had been extensively trapped in the walls of the splenic ellipsoids. the colocalization of horseradish peroxidase with rainbow trout immunoglobulin m and complement factor 3 was shown with a double immunofl ... | 1995 | 8581925 |
| enzymological differences of ache and diazinon hepatic metabolism: correlation of in vitro data with the selective toxicity of diazinon to fish species. | the in vitro hepatic metabolism of diazinon, as well as the sensitivity of the brain acetylcholine esterase, to diazoxon inhibitory action have been studied in order to explain the different toxicity of diazinon to oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), poecilia reticulata (guppy), brachydanio rerio (zebra fish) and cyprinus carpio (carp). in spite of a very sensitive acetylcholine esterase the carp is very resistant to diazinon toxicity because of its very low rate of bioactivation and relatively ... | 1995 | 7481748 |
| distribution of pacap (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide)-like and helospectin-like peptides in the teleost gut. | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap) and helospectin are two vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip)-related neuropeptides that have recently been demonstrated in the mammalian gut; the aim of this study was to reveal their occurrence and localisation in the gastrointestinal tract, swimbladder, urinary bladder and the vagal innervation of the gut of teleosts, using immunohistochemical methods on whole-mounts and sections of these tissues from the atlantic cod, gadus morhua ... | 1994 | 7954690 |
| tissue distribution and effects on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-105) in cod (gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl, pcb-105 (iupac no. 105) was orally administered twice with a 4-day interval between dosings (total dose 10 mg kg(-1) body weight) to gonadally immature cod and rainbow trout of both sexes. the fish were killed 9 and 17 days after the first treatment, and the effects of pcb-105 on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes were determined by examining the cytochrome-p450-dependent ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) and aldrin epoxidase activities, and the erod-catal ... | 1994 | 15091667 |
| cardiovascular responses to scyliorhinin i and ii in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, in vivo and in vitro | changes in cardiac output, heart rate, dorsal aortic blood pressure and coeliac artery blood flow were measured in unrestrained rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, following injections of the elasmobranch tachykinins scyliorhinin i and ii. the resistance in the coeliac vascular bed and the total systemic vasculature were calculated from blood pressure and flow. in addition, isolated tails were perfused to investigate the effect of the peptides on the somatic vasculature. scyliorhinin i (scy i) p ... | 1994 | 9317541 |
| cholinergic control of stanniocalcin release in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and the american eel, anguilla rostrata. | an in vivo whole animal 45ca influx bioassay was used to study the cholinergic control of the release of stanniocalcin (stc) in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the american eel (anguilla rostrata). in both species calcium influx (jinca2+) was lowered in response to hypercalcemia induced by intravascular (trout) or intraperitoneal (eel) injections of cacl2. in trout, this response was blocked by the cholinergic antagonist atropine (0.25 mumol kg-1) and mimicked by the cholinoceptor ag ... | 1994 | 8045358 |
| [bioassay of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) pigmentation using ancho chili (capsicum annuum) extracts]. | farming of trout requires a finishing diet containing pigments such as astaxanthin and canthaxanthin so that they may achieve a pink tissue coloration similar to that of wild trout. the production of synthetic pigments is not enough so that the requirements of the aquaculture industry are not met, besides having a high cost. thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the deposition of saponified and esterified chili (capsicum annuum) extracts in the skin and muscle of rainbow trout ... | 1994 | 8984965 |
| rapid and simultaneous measurement of anodic and cathodic haemoglobins and atp and gtp concentrations in minute quantities of fish blood | oxygen transport to vertebrate tissues is dependent upon (a) the intrinsic o2-binding properties of haemoglobin (hb) and (b) modulation by allosteric effectors, such as nucleoside triphosphates (ntp), that depress hb o2-affinity in fish red cells. while some species, such as flatfish, primarily use adenosine triphosphate (atp) to modulate o2-binding to hb, others, such as eel and carp, also use guanosine triphosphate (gtp) (kono and hashimoto, 1977; leray, 1982; weber and jensen, 1988). unlike m ... | 1994 | 9317794 |
| the effect of various stresses, corticosteroids and adrenergic agents on phagocytosis in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effect of acute and chronic stress on the phagocytic activity of putative macrophages from the rainbow trout. oncorhynchus mykiss has been assessed, using an in vitro phagocytic index, in which the average number of engulfed yeast cells in a population of phagocytes is determined. an injection stress given under light anaesthesia, or a longer noise stress combined with confinement, both significantly reduced, within 3 h, the level of phagocytic activity of macrophages from the spleen and pro ... | 1994 | 24203269 |
| inhibition of phagocytosis by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages by botulinum c2 toxin and its trypsinized component ii. | botulinum c2 toxin (c2t) is composed of two nonlinked protein components, components i and ii. the toxin reconstituted with component i and trypsinized component ii inhibited phagocytosis of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and mouse macrophages. inhibition in both cell types was observed over a range of toxin concentrations that were not toxic to the cells. because cytoplasmic action of rainbow trout macrophages is adp-ribosylated by component i, the inhibition of phagocytosis in trout cells ... | 1994 | 7698363 |
| isolation and characterization of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum amyloid p component (sap) | we purified a ca(2+)-dependent agarose-binding protein from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) sera. sds-page analysis showed the possibility that the purified protein was a polymer with a molecular weight of over 100,000 composed of covalently-bounded 32-kda subunits. n-terminal twenty amino acid sequence of the 32-kda protein showed partial homology with other known serum amyloid p components (saps) including plaice (pleuronectes platessa) (indicated 40% homology), human (55%), hamster (45%), ... | 1994 | 7999887 |
| observations on the host specificity of pomphorhynchus patagonicus (acanthocephala) from the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). | the acanthocephalan pomphorhynchus patagonicus was found in 3 species of fish in the alicura reservoir (patagonia, argentina). these included oncorhynchus mykiss, patagonina hatcheri, and percichthys trucha. prevalence, intensity, size of the parasites, and percentage of gravid females were analyzed. the relatively low prevalence and intensity were probably due to the low consumption of the intermediate host, hyalella patagonica. the highest values of intensity, length, and percentage of gravid ... | 1994 | 7931921 |
| dose-dependent carcinogenicity and frequent ki-ras proto-oncogene activation by dietary n-nitrosodiethylamine in rainbow trout. | while the experimental data upon which current concepts in mechanistically based risk assessment and molecular epidemiology are grounded derive almost entirely from rodent models, fish models have several attributes (e.g., low background incidence, extremely low cost tumor studies, nonmammalian comparative status for extrapolation of mechanisms to humans) that make them valuable adjuncts for addressing these concepts. this report provides an initial characterization of the dose dependency of die ... | 1994 | 7958563 |
| characterization of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine transport into hepatocytes isolated from juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), and comparison with l-thyroxine transport. | uptake of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) by isolated trout hepatocytes was characterized after 40 sec incubation of cells in a balanced salts medium containing [125]t3, and compared to l-thyroxine (t4) uptake (riley and eales, gen. comp. endocrinol. 90, 31-42, 1993). t3 uptake resembled t4 uptake in several ways. there was a small (< 10%) diffusion component. the balance of the uptake was temperature- and energy-dependent and involved a protein carrier, but did not depend on the presence of na+ ... | 1994 | 7958759 |
| urinary excretion of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | urinary excretion of the thyroid hormones (th) l-thyroxine (t4), and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3) and their derivatives was studied in urinary-catheterized rainbow trout (mean wt. 227 g) fasted for 2 days under a 12-hr l:12-hr d photocycle in running water (12 degrees). catheterized trout were intracardiac-injected with [125i]t4 (*t4) or [125i]t3 (*t3) and urine was collected as 2-hr fractions over 48 hr. the 125i corresponding to i-, th conjugates (sulfates and glucuronides), or th was separ ... | 1994 | 7958760 |
| antigen-induced release of macrophage activating factor from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocytes. | the production of macrophage-activating factor (maf) by rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, head kidney leucocytes at varying times post-immunisation, with the fish bacterial pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, was investigated and correlated with head kidney lymphocyte proliferation and serum antibody production. maf production was preceded by lymphocyte proliferation and both responses were highest using whole bacterial cells as the in vitro stimulant. maf production and antibody production incre ... | 1994 | 7975191 |
| the developmental trajectory of ultraviolet photosensitivity in rainbow trout is altered by thyroxine. | small (< 30 g) juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) possess retinal photoreceptor mechanisms sensitive to ultraviolet (uv), short (s), middle (m), and long (l) wavelengths. during normal development, uv photosensitivity is lost progressively until, by approx. 60 g, individuals are no longer sensitive in the uv. this shift in spectral sensitivity is associated with the disappearance of small accessory corner cones (accs) from the retinal photoreceptor cell mosaic: the uv cone mechanism is ... | 1994 | 8023449 |
| different stability of posttranslationally modified brain microtubules isolated from cold-temperate fish. | microtubule proteins were isolated by a temperature-dependent assembly-disassembly method from brain tissue of for cold-temperature fish; one fresh water fish (oncorhynchus mykiss), and three marine fish (labrus berggylta, zoarces viviparus and gadus morhua). the alpha-tubulins from all four fish species were acetylated. the alpha-tubulins from the marine fish were composed of a mixture of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin, while the fresh water fish tubulin only reacted with an antibody aga ... | 1994 | 8028593 |
| the immunoglobulin repertoire of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): definition of nine igh-v families. | an igh-v library was constructed from the head kidney cytoplasmic rna of an 8.5-month-old non-immunized rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, using the 5' race polymerase chain reaction. six new igh-v segments were identified, bringing to nine the number of igh-v families actually defined in that species. a phylogenetic analysis shows that these nine igh-v families can be classified into three major groups. the first includes the igh-v1, igh-v3, igh-v4, and igh-v7 families, and is homologous to th ... | 1994 | 8039829 |
| temperature and ph effects on ca2+ sensitivity of cardiac myofibrils: a comparison of trout with mammals. | active salmonids maintain myocardial contractility at temperatures that are cardioplegic for mammals. we postulated that myofibrillar ca2+ sensitivity in the trout heart might 1) exhibit lower temperature dependence and/or 2) be greater over the range of physiological temperatures. temperature-induced changes in intracellular ph may also play a role as alkalosis typically increases calcium affinity of myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (atpase). ca2+ sensitivities of ventricular myofibrillar a ... | 1994 | 8048646 |
| acid-base disequilibrium in the arterial blood of rainbow trout. | an extracorporeal blood circulation and a stopflow technique were used to examine the acid-base status of arterial blood in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. arterial blood was routed from the coeliac artery through an external circuit in which ph (pha), partial pressure of oxygen (pao2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paco2) were monitored continuously. the stopflow condition was imposed by turning off the pump which drove the external loop. a radioisotopic co2 excretion assay was ... | 1994 | 8059088 |
| effect of ammoniation of aflatoxin b1-contaminated cottonseed feedstock on the aflatoxin m1 content of cows' milk and hepatocarcinogenicity in the trout bioassay. | the effectiveness of ammonia in inactivating aflatoxins in contaminated cottonseed was investigated. two aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed lots were treated separately using an atmospheric pressure, ambient temperature ammoniation procedure (apat) or a high pressure, high temperature ammoniation procedure (hpht), and incorporated into dairy cow rations. isocalorific diets containing 25% defatted, dried milk from cows fed aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed without or with apat or hpht treatment, o ... | 1994 | 8070735 |
| use of human sera containing autoantibodies for an immunochemical study of some ribosomal proteins in rat, trout, mussel and fly maggot. | sera from human subjects affected by autoimmune connective tissue diseases and containing antiribosomal autoantibodies were used to analyze by immunoblotting ribosomal proteins from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver, mussel (mytilus edulis) hepatopancreas and whole fly maggots (calliphora vomitoria). as usual in medical analysis of autoantibodies, the reference antigen preparation was extracted from rat liver. with the used sera, six known ribosomal proteins from rat liver were characterized: p0 ... | 1994 | 8081655 |
| one of two growth hormone genes in coho salmon is sex-linked. | salmonid fishes have two growth hormone genes resulting from their polyploid ancestry. we used the polymerase chain reaction to examine genetic variation in the third intron (c) of both of these genes in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch). a polymorphism in the length of intron c in gh-1 is due to a variable number of copies of a 31-nt repeat that is absent from gh-1 of the closely related chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). thus, this tandem repeat ... | 1994 | 8127856 |
| human tumor necrosis factor alpha influences rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss leucocyte responses. | human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rtnf alpha) and rainbow trout macrophage activating factor (postulated gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) analogue) synergised to elevate the respiratory burst activity of trout macrophages. this elevated response may parallel phenomena described in mammals where tnf alpha and gamma-ifn commonly synergise. human rtnf alpha also synergised with mitogenic stimuli to heighten proliferation responses of trout head kidney leucocytes. these data are indicative ... | 1994 | 8128611 |
| effects of in vitro nickel exposure on the macrophage-mediated immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | 1994 | 8142706 | |
| photoaffinity labeling of the ah receptor: phylogenetic survey of diverse vertebrate and invertebrate species. | the mammalian aromatic hydrocarbon (ah) receptor is a soluble protein involved in the regulation of gene expression by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd). little is known, however, about the presence and properties of this receptor in nonmammalian species. in these studies, we sought evidence for an ah receptor in the liver or liver-equivalent of diverse species of invertebrate and vertebrate animals. velocity sedimentation analysis of hepatic cy ... | 1994 | 8161208 |
| lymphocyte expression in transgenic trout by mouse immunoglobulin promoter/enhancer. | two groups of transgenic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) have been produced and compared. one group harbored the reporter gene of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) associated with mouse immunoglobulin (ig) promoter/enhancer (pucl-cat-e). the other group carried the same reporter gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer (pcmv-cat). slot blot analysis of dna from blood cells and other tissues from pucl-cat-e fish showed variation of copy number between the ... | 1994 | 8206521 |
| recombinant protein fragments from haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus stimulate trout leukocyte anamnestic responses in vitro. | this work shows that viral protein fragments are capable of stimulating fish anamnestic immunological responses in leukocytes from the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, w.). recombinant protein fragments of glycoprotein and nucleoprotein from the rhabdovirus causing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia of trout (vhsv), were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, yersinia ruckeri (a trout pathogen) and saccharomyces cerevisiae. the recombinant protein fragments stimulated anamnestic responses in l ... | 1994 | 8207399 |
| presence of angiotensin ii immunoreactivity in the ovary of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | renin-angiotensin system is present in mammalian ovarian follicular fluid and follicles. the demonstration of specific binding sites for angiotensin ii in the follicular structures of rats suggests that angiotensin ii may be related to the regulation of steroid biosynthesis in the mammalian ovary. little is known about the presence and the action of angiotensin ii in nonmammalian ovaries. an immunocytochemical investigation of angiotensin ii in developing ovarian follicles of trout has been carr ... | 1994 | 7843557 |