Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| risk factors for bacterial vaginosis among bar and hotel workers in northern tanzania. | to determine risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (bv) among women working in the bars and hotels in moshi, northern tanzania. | 2005 | 16122097 |
| real-time pcr improves detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection compared with culture using self-collected vaginal swabs. | to compare a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with broth culture for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis using self-collected vaginal swabs. | 2005 | 16126499 |
| endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis after spontaneous or indicated preterm versus term delivery. | this study was undertaken to determine whether endometrial microbial colonization or plasma cell endometritis is increased after spontaneous versus indicated preterm delivery or a spontaneous term delivery. | 2005 | 16150268 |
| qualitatively distinct patterns of cytokines are released by human dendritic cells in response to different pathogens. | dendritic cells produce cytokines that regulate the class of the adaptive immune response. microbial recognition is mediated, at least in part, by pattern recognition receptors such as toll-like receptors, which influence dendritic cell maturation. in humans it is not yet clear how intact pathogens modulate the developing immune response. to address the effects of intact pathogens on the maturation and effector functions of human dendritic cells, we investigated their responses to a number of mi ... | 2005 | 16162273 |
| rubrerythrin and peroxiredoxin: two novel putative peroxidases in the hydrogenosomes of the microaerophilic protozoon trichomonas vaginalis. | the parasitic flagellate trichomonas vaginalis contains hydrogenosomes, anaerobic organelles related to mitochondria, that generate atp from the fermentative conversion of pyruvate to acetate, co2 and molecular hydrogen. although an essentially anaerobic organism, trichomonas encounters low oxygen concentrations in its natural habitat and has to protect itself, and especially the oxygen-sensitve enzymes of hydrogenosomal metabolism, from oxidative damage. we have identified two novel proteins in ... | 2005 | 15904985 |
| treatment failure of vaginal trichomoniasis in clinical practice. | we have conducted a retrospective study of treatment failure of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection in a busy, urban genitourinary medicine clinic in birmingham, uk, between 1998 and 2002. the prevalence of non-response to standard doses of metronidazole without any history of reinfection or nonadherence was 1.7% (28/1603) overall, and has significantly increased from 0.38% in 1999 to 3.5% in 2002 (p = 0.001, chi2 test). there were no associated demographic factors. the majority of patients (53 ... | 2005 | 15899079 |
| n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase from trichomonas vaginalis: substrate specificity and activity of inhibitors. | among chitinolytic activities previously described in trichomonas vaginalis, n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (nahase) was the enzyme system expressing the highest level of specific activity. we report here some biochemical characteristics of nahase purified from t. vaginalis. we found at first that the use of 4-methylumbellifferyl-substrate was responsible for a substrate affinity for the enzyme, about 1000-fold higher than those when using p-nitrophenyl-substrates (pnp). whereas the optimum ph w ... | 2005 | 15890491 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: intrastrain polymorphisms within the ribosomal intergenic spacer do not correlate with clinical presentation. | trichomoniasis presents a broad spectrum of clinical patterns ranging from asymptomatic to severe vaginitis and cervicitis. despite its importance, very little is known about the genetic relatedness of its causative agent, trichomonas vaginalis, and the clinical phenotypes. to address this question, analysis of restriction length polymorphism (rflp) within the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal dna (igs) from 60 clinically defined isolates of t. vaginalis was performed. this is the first descrip ... | 2005 | 15888292 |
| measuring the significance of field validation in the college of american pathologists interlaboratory comparison program in cervicovaginal cytology: how good are the experts? | expert opinion is often used as a gold standard for gynecologic cytology in the evaluation of new technologies, in the legal setting, and in the validation of cases for use in educational programs and proficiency testing. however, the reliability of expert opinion alone in selecting slides of a specific cytodiagnosis that can be reproducibly and reliably identified by subsequent reviewers has not been determined. | 2005 | 15859630 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: identification of soluble and membrane-associated phospholipase a1 and a2 activities with direct and indirect hemolytic effects. | a direct hemolytic activity, dependent on phospholipase a (pla) activity, was located in the particulate subcellular fraction (p30) of trichomonas vaginalis. we identified soluble direct and indirect hemolytic activities in the spent medium and soluble fraction (s30) of t. vaginalis strain gt-13. spent medium showed the highest specific indirect hemolytic activity (siha) at ph 6.0 (91 indirect hemolytic units [hu]/mg/hr). spent medium and p30, but not s30, showed direct hemolytic activity. pla a ... | 2005 | 15856864 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoan evaluation of new alkyl-linked bis(2-thioxo-[1,3,5]thiadiazinan-3-yl) carboxylic acids. | two new series of several alkyl-linked bis(2-thioxo-[1,3,5]thiadiazinan-3-yl) carboxylic acids were synthesized in a two step procedure from the corresponding alkyl bis-dithiocarbamic salt intermediary. the novel compounds were evaluated for their activity in vitro against trypanosoma cruzi strain cl (clone cl b5) and trichomonas vaginalis strain jh 31a. | 2005 | 15848753 |
| identification of trichomonas vaginalis cysteine proteases that induce apoptosis in human vaginal epithelial cells. | a secreted cysteine protease (cp) fraction from trichomonas vaginalis is shown here to induce apoptosis in human vaginal epithelial cells (hvec) and is analyzed by mass spectrometry. the trichomonad parasite t. vaginalis causes one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection in humans, trichomoniasis. the parasite as well as a secreted cysteine protease (cp) fraction, isolated by affinity chromatography followed by bio-gel p-60 column chromatography, are shown to induce hvec apop ... | 2005 | 15843376 |
| effect of piroxicam, metamizol, and s-adenosylmethionine in a murine model of experimental trichomoniasis. | biological effects of piroxicam, metamizol, and s-adenosylmethionine (s-amet) have been tested in nmri mice infected intraperitoneally with trichomonas vaginalis. an intraperitoneal treatment during ten preinfection days with piroxicam (10 mg/kg/day), or metamizol (275 mg/kg/day), but not with s-amet (117 mg/kg/day) induced a significant decrease of abdominal lesions and mortality, assessed by means of a pathogenicity index. the trichomonicidal activity of piroxicam, metamizol, and s-amet was te ... | 2005 | 15828587 |
| seroepidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis in rural women in zimbabwe and patterns of association with hiv infection. | serological assays using dried blood spots from 5221 women in rural areas of eastern zimbabwe were used to assess the epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis infection, and its association with hiv. antibodies to t. vaginalis and to hiv were detected by enzyme immunoassays. behavioural and demographic data were collected by confidential questionnaires. in total, 516 (9.9%) women were seropositive for t. vaginalis and seroprevalence increased with age among younger women. divorced, widowed and sing ... | 2005 | 15816157 |
| synthesis and biological properties of new 5-nitroindazole derivatives. | a series of new 3-alkoxy- or 3-hydroxy-1-[omega-(dialkylamino)alkyl]-5-nitroindazoles have been synthesized and their trichomonacidal, antichagasic and antineoplastic properties studied. five derivatives (5, 6, 8, 9 and 17) showed remarkable trichomonacidal activity against trichomonas vaginalis at 10 microg/ml concentration. three compounds (8, 10, 11) exhibited interesting antichagasic activity and these same compounds moderate antineoplastic activity against tk-10 and ht-29 cell lines. unspec ... | 2005 | 15809155 |
| antibiotics for bacterial vaginosis or trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy: a systematic review. | to determine whether antibiotic treatment for bacterial vaginosis or trichomonas vaginalis during pregnancy decreases the risk of preterm birth and associated adverse outcomes. | 2005 | 15802417 |
| nematocidal and trichomonacidal activities of 2-substituted quinolines. | several quinolines were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo against the nematodes caenorhabditis elegans, heligmosomoides polygyrus and the protozoa trichomonas vaginalis. if some of them have shown in vitro nematocide activity (at 10 microm), however, their trichomonacidal activity reached 50% reduction at only 100 microm. the in vivo activity on trichinella spiralis model was evaluated for some of the most in vitro active quinolines. | 2005 | 15784240 |
| spliceosomal introns in the deep-branching eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. | eukaryotes have evolved elaborate splicing mechanisms to remove introns that would otherwise destroy the protein-coding capacity of genes. nuclear premrna splicing requires sequence motifs in the intron and is mediated by a ribonucleoprotein complex, the spliceosome. here we demonstrate the presence of a splicing apparatus in the protist trichomonas vaginalis and show that rna motifs found in yeast and metazoan introns are required for splicing. we also describe the first introns in this deep-br ... | 2005 | 15764705 |
| effects of bacterial vaginosis and other genital infections on the natural history of human papillomavirus infection in hiv-1-infected and high-risk hiv-1-uninfected women. | whether the natural history of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is affected by bacterial vaginosis (bv) or trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection has not been adequately investigated in prospective studies. | 2005 | 15747249 |
| evolutionary biology: the hydrogenosome's murky past. | 2005 | 15744282 | |
| the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis in liquid-based pap tests: correlation with pcr. | the conventional papanicolaou smear (cps) is not considered accurate for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis), and women noted to carry the organism on cps are recommended to undergo confirmatory testing. liquid-based preparations have been shown to facilitate the diagnosis of squamous lesions and may also facilitate the diagnosis of t. vaginalis. we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to investigate the accuracy of the diagnosis of t. vaginalis by the liquid-based pap test (lb ... | 2005 | 15880709 |
| adherence to human vaginal epithelial cells signals for increased expression of trichomonas vaginalis genes. | host parasitism by trichomonas vaginalis is complex, and the adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs) by trichomonads is preparatory to colonization of the vagina. since we showed increased synthesis of adhesins after contact with vecs (a. f. garcia, et al., mol. microbiol. 47:1207-1224, 2003) and more recently demonstrated up-regulated gene expression in vecs after parasite attachment (a. s. kucknoor, et al., cell. microbiol. 7:887-897, 2005), we hypothesized that enhanced expression of adhe ... | 2005 | 16177319 |
| the incidence of sexually transmitted infections among frequently screened sex workers in a decriminalised and regulated system in melbourne. | to determine the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (sti) among decriminalised and regulated sex workers in victoria. | 2005 | 16199747 |
| intranasal immunisation with a 62 kda proteinase combined with cholera toxin or cpg adjuvant protects against trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infections in mice. | trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis, is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases and is widely spread in all continents. trichomonas vaginalis as well as other protozoan organisms have high levels of proteolitic activity mainly of the cysteine-proteinase type. this activity is necessary for recognition and adhesion of the parasite to the superficial epithelial cells of the host. in the present study, we show that intranasal immunisation with a 62 k ... | 2005 | 16202417 |
| detection of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis infection, and vaginal candida infection: a comparative study of methods of extracting exudates, with and without a speculum, during pregnancy. | to compare the collection of vaginal exudates with and without the use of a speculum to diagnose vaginal infections. | 2005 | 16205190 |
| the prevalence of trichomoniasis in young adults in the united states. | the prevalence of trichomoniasis in the general population of the united states is unknown. this study provides the first population-based prevalence estimates of trichomoniasis among young adults in the united states. | 2005 | 16205299 |
| [comparative assessment of the diagnostic value of the laboratory diagnostic methods for trichomoniasis]. | the authors compared the sensitivity and specificity of currently available methods for laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis, by examining 971 persons. the highest frequency of t. vaginalis was detected by studies of a stained smear (37.4%), culture tests (19.0%); polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (17.1%), immunofluorescence tests (12.7%), wet smear test (2.7%). enzyme immunoassay yielded positive results in 36.2% of cases. the use of pcr and culture tests frequently provided similar results (92 ... | 2005 | 16212090 |
| trichomonas vaginalis perturbs the junctional complex in epithelial cells. | trichomonas vaginalis, a protist parasite of the urogenital tract in humans, is the causative agent of trichomonosis, which in recent years have been associated with the cervical cancer development. in the present study we analyzed the modifications at the junctional complex level of caco-2 cells after interaction with two isolates of t. vaginalis and the influence of the iron concentration present in the parasite's culture medium on the interaction effects. our results show that t. vaginalis ad ... | 2005 | 16212877 |
| the clinical outcome of 137 rape victims in hong kong. | from 1 august 2001 to 31 july 2004, 137 patients were referred from the association concerning sexual violence against women to the accident and emergency department at the kwong wah hospital for alleged rape. approximately half of the patients presented within 3 days of the alleged assault. fifty-one patients were prescribed emergency contraception: one patient remained pregnant despite treatment and was referred with a further six patients to the gynaecology department for termination of pregn ... | 2005 | 16219959 |
| sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism in parasitic protozoa. | sulfur-containing amino acids play indispensable roles in a wide variety of biological activities including protein synthesis, methylation, and biosynthesis of polyamines and glutathione. biosynthesis and catabolism of these amino acids need to be carefully regulated to achieve the requirement of the above-mentioned activities and also to eliminate toxicity attributable to the amino acids. genome-wide analyses of enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids, includ ... | 2005 | 16230102 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: identification of a triacylglycerol acylhydrolase. | this work describes the identification of a triacylglycerol lipase named tvlip directly onto blood-lb-agar plates by hemolytic screening of a trichomonas vaginalis cdna expression library. sharing significant similarity in the primary sequence with other lipases, the theoretical 3d structure of the tvlip was resolved. the structure reveals the predictive conserved characteristics of other lipases from ec3.1.1.3 group, although presenting one amino acid change in the catalytic triad ser-his-asp. ... | 2005 | 16236283 |
| prevalence of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women in havana city by an immunologic latex agglutination test. | we aimed to estimate the prevalence of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis in immunocompetent pregnant women living in havana city, cuba, with or without symptoms of vaginitis, using a sample of 640 women from 6 gyneco-obstetrics hospitals, which represents 2.5% of total yearly pregnant women. diagnosis was made using a new latex agglutination kit (newvagin c-kure, la habana, cuba). clinical sensitivity and specificity of this assay were validated against culture method, with 467 and 489 ... | 2004 | 15775877 |
| [frequency of vaginal infections in pregnant women in the department of perinatology and gynaecology in zabrze]. | the analysis of vaginal infections in pregnant women admitted to the department of perinatology and gynaecology in zabrze, from january 2001 to september 2003. | 2004 | 15751213 |
| experience with routine vaginal ph testing in a family practice setting. | despite recommendations by centers for disease control and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, ph testing is infrequently performed during the evaluation of vaginitis. consequently, little information exists on its use in a primary care setting. | 2004 | 15739819 |
| aetiological agents of vaginitis in nigerian women. | this study focuses on the identification of aetiological agents of vaginitis in nigerian women. study subjects are drawn from patients presenting with lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and itching at the gynaecology clinic of lagos university teaching hospital and at the clinical centre of the nigerian institute of medical research, yaba, lagos, between january 2001 and july 2002. a total of 250 patients gave informed consent to participate in the study. the patients also had pre- and post ... | 2004 | 15649008 |
| sexually transmitted infections and increased risk of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus. | the incidence of trichomoniasis (trichomonas vaginalis) in the united states is estimated at 5 million cases annually; chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) at 3 million; gonorrhea (neisseria gonorrhoeae), 650,000; and syphilis (treponema pallidum), 70,000. however, most sexually transmitted infections (stis) are asymptomatic-contributing to underdiagnosis estimated at 50% or more. diagnosis of an sti signals sexual health risk because an sti facilitates the transmission and acquisition of other sti ... | 2004 | 15653780 |
| [study of acute vulvovaginitis in sexually active adult women, with special reference to candidosis, in patients of the francisco j. muñiz infectious diseases hospital]. | the results of microbiological vaginal secretions samples obtained from 749 women (from july 2001 to july 2002) were studied in the bacteriology unit of the francisco javier muñiz hospital from buenos aires. all patients suffered acute vulvovaginitis were child bearing and sexually active women, 334 of them were hiv-positive. the following are the results of the microbiological studies: lactobacillus spp 50.6%, gardnerella vaginalis 25.6%, candida spp 17.4%, trichomonas vaginalis 5.3%, neisseria ... | 2004 | 15709796 |
| neisseria gonorrhoea, chlamydia trachomatis, and treponema pallidum infection in antenatal and gynecological patients at korle-bu teaching hospital, ghana. | five hundred and seventeen women attending the gynecology and obstetrics clinics of the korle-bu teaching hospital were examined for sexually transmitted infections (stis). vaginal swabs were examined for trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans, and gardnerella vaginalis infection. endocervical swabs were examined for neisseria gonorrhoea and chlamydia trachomatis using a recently developed rna detection kit. strain typing was performed to identify serovars of c. trachomatis. sera were analyzed ... | 2004 | 15623949 |
| contribution of hiv-1 infection to acquisition of sexually transmitted disease: a 10-year prospective study. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) enhance human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 susceptibility, but few studies have examined the reciprocal effect of hiv-1 on std acquisition. | 2004 | 15633091 |
| [research progress on the detection methods of trichomoniasis vaginalis]. | 2004 | 15597718 | |
| enhanced immunocompetent cells in chlamydial cervicitis. | to investigate changes in cell-mediated immunophenotypes by flow cytometry in endocervical secretions and peripheral blood in women with chlamydia trachomatis infection. | 2004 | 15457858 |
| clinical evaluation of affirm vpiii in the detection and identification of trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, and candida species in vaginitis/vaginosis. | to compare the affirm vpiii microbial identification test for detection and identification of candida species, gardnerella vaginalis and trichomonas vaginalis to clinical and microscopic criteria commonly used to diagnose vaginitis. | 2004 | 15460191 |
| chronic prostatitis: charlottesville to seattle. | since few men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) have culturable bacteria by traditional approaches, we used sensitive molecular methods to determine presence of fastidious microorganisms. | 2004 | 15538207 |
| barriers to infectious disease care among lesbians. | despite the considerable number of women in the united states who identify as lesbian, few data exist that address lesbians' health needs. the institute of medicine emphasized that data on sexually transmitted infections, pap smear screening, and cervical dysplasia among lesbians were needed to guide clinical practice, policy development, and patient education. use of surveillance data for this purpose is limited because risk classifications exclude same-gender sex among women or subsume it unde ... | 2004 | 15550210 |
| health risk factors among detained adolescent females. | to identify the prevalence of health risk factors among a sample of detained adolescent females and determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences. | 2004 | 15556741 |
| comparative in vitro cytotoxic effects of ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin against trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. | a strain of trichomonas vaginalis, isolated from a patient complaining of vaginal discharge, was incubated and cultivated to compare the in vitro effects of ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin on t. vaginalis trophozoites in terms of minimal inhibition concentrations (mics) and minimal lethal concentrations (mlcs). mic levels at 24 hours for ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin were 50 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 750 mg/ml. corresponding mlc levels were the same. in this in vitro study, ... | 2004 | 15565912 |
| local antigen in serodiagnosis of trichomoniasis vaginalis. | 2004 | 15573226 | |
| trichomonas hydrogenosomes contain the nadh dehydrogenase module of mitochondrial complex i. | hydrogenosomes are double-membraned atp-producing and hydrogen-producing organelles of diverse anaerobic eukaryotes. in some versions of endosymbiotic theory they are suggested to be homologues of mitochondria, but alternative views suggest they arose from an anaerobic bacterium that was distinct from the mitochondrial endosymbiont. here we show that the 51-kda and 24-kda subunits of the nadh dehydrogenase module in complex i, the first step in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, are active in ... | 2004 | 15577909 |
| growth patterns and antigenic analysis of egyptian trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | the vaginal washouts from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were examined by wet mount examination and culture on modified tym medium. among the 320 cases examined, 10 were positive for t. vaginalis trophozoites by wet mount examination and culture. modified tym medium proved very satisfactory for isolation as well as maintenance of the 10 t. vaginalis isolates. comparison between the growth patterns of all isolates, by counting the number of viable organisms every 24 hours for 7 days, showe ... | 2004 | 15587311 |
| cryopreservation of trichomonas vaginalis: a trial of using four different cryoprotectants. | to reach the maximum survival rate of trichomonas vaginalis after cryopreservation, four substances: dimethylsulphoxide (dmso), glycerol, egg yolk and horse serum were used as cryoprotectants. t. vaginalis trophozoites, in the logarithmic phase, cultured on tym-s medium were used. rapid and slow freezing schedules were followed. examinations for viable organisms were done after a month duration in liquid nitrogen. immediate and delayed thawing were tried. viability scores depended on the presenc ... | 2004 | 15587319 |
| biological variability of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. | the vaginal specimens of sixty women were cultured using modified thioglycolate medium. thirteen samples were positive for trichomonas vaginalis 21.7%. pathogenicity of these clinical isolates was investigated by intra-peritoneal injection to mice. additionally, their susceptibility to metronidazole was evaluated. all the clinical isolates produced infection in mice but marked variations in pathogenicity and susceptibility were observed. four out of 13 isolates (30.8%) produced mortality in mice ... | 2004 | 15587322 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in india. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a protozoan parasite. trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the infection in women may be asymptomatic or may lead to severe vaginitis, cervicitis and severe sequelae. despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and factors leading to symptomatic infection have been poorly understood. one thousand women in childbearing age group were screened for the presence of t vaginalis. thirt ... | 2004 | 15468533 |
| microbial and cytopathological study of intrauterine contraceptive device users. | intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) is a commonly used birth-spacing method which is fitted into maternal system. clinical, microbial and cytopathological monitoring of women using these devices are important for ascertaining their side effects, risk of genital tract infection and carcinogenic potential. | 2004 | 15470281 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of syntaxin genes from parasitic protozoa. | vesicular transport is an integral process in eukaryotic cells and the syntaxins, a member of the snare protein superfamily, are a critical piece of the vesicular transport machinery. we have obtained syntaxin homologues from diverse protozoan parasites (including entamoeba, giardia, trichomonas and trypanosoma), determined the paralogue affinity of the homologues by molecular phylogenetics and compared functionally critical amino acid sites identified in other syntaxins. surprisingly, three seq ... | 2004 | 15478792 |
| treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis. | infections with the sexually transmitted protozoan trichomonas vaginalis are usually treated with metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole drug derived from the antibiotic azomycin. metronidazole treatment is generally efficient in eliminating t. vaginalis infection and has a low risk of serious side effects. however, studies have shown that at least 5% of clinical cases of trichomoniasis are caused by parasites resistant to the drug. the lack of approved alternative therapies for t. vaginalis treatmen ... | 2004 | 15489348 |
| trichomoniasis. | trichomoniasis is perhaps the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide, yet few resources are devoted to its control. it is associated with potentially serious complications such as preterm birth and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and transmission. the immunology of a related organism, tritrichomonas foetus, which causes disease in cattle, has been investigated to some extent, but more work is needed for the human strain, trichomonas vaginalis. in addition, although t ... | 2004 | 15489349 |
| infections of the lower female genital tract during childhood and adolescence. | to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of lower female genital tract infections at a young age. | 2004 | 15491059 |
| targeted screening for trichomonas vaginalis with culture using a two-step method in women presenting for std evaluation. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted pathogen. wet mount microscopy performs poorly compared with culture; however, universal screening using culture would be cost-prohibitive. | 2004 | 15502673 |
| reproductive tract infections in rural women from the highlands, jungle, and coastal regions of peru. | to define the prevalences and manifestations of reproductive tract infections (rtis) in rural peruvian women. | 2004 | 15508193 |
| non-mitochondrial complex i proteins in a hydrogenosomal oxidoreductase complex. | trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular microaerophilic eukaryote that lacks mitochondria yet contains an alternative organelle, the hydrogenosome, involved in pyruvate metabolism. pathways between the two organelles differ substantially: in hydrogenosomes, pyruvate oxidation is catalysed by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor), with electrons donated to an [fe]-hydrogenase which produces hydrogen. atp is generated exclusively by substrate-level phosphorylation in hydrogenosomes, as opposed ... | 2004 | 15510149 |
| trichomonads under microscopy. | trichomonads are flagellate protists, and among them trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are the most studied because they are parasites of the urogenital tract of humans and cattle, respectively. microscopy provides new insights into the cell biology and morphology of these parasites, and thus allows better understanding of the main aspects of their physiology. here, we review the ultrastructure of t. foetus and t. vaginalis, stressing the participation of the axostyle in the proces ... | 2004 | 15525428 |
| trichomonas vaginalis inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by suppressing nf-kappab activation. | activation of nf-kappab leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as il-12 and tnf-alpha that are involved in innate and adaptive immunity. we determined whether t. vaginalis-induced inflammatory response in macrophages associated with nf-kappab. t. vaginalis adhesion led to transient nf-kappab activation at 6 h but activation declined dramatically by 8 h. super-shift assays showed that the gel-shifted complexes consisted of p65 (rel a) and p50 (nf-kappab1). nf-kappab activation ... | 2004 | 15528993 |
| comparative analysis of the ribosomal components of the hydrogenosome-containing protist, trichomonas vaginalis. | the ribosomes of the amitochondriate but hydrogenosome-containing protist lineage, the trichomonads, have previously been reported to be prokaryotic or primitive eukaryotic, based on evidence that they have a 70s sedimentation coefficient and a small number of proteins, similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. in order to determine whether the components of the trichomonad ribosome indeed differ from those of typical eukaryotic ribosomes, the ribosome of a representative trichomonad, trichomonas vagina ... | 2004 | 15383908 |
| treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in estonia: consistency with the evidence-based medicine principles. | estonia is among those eastern european countries that have witnessed an explosive intravenous drug use-driven hiv epidemic. early sexually transmitted disease (std) diagnosis and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent an std-driven hiv epidemic. | 2004 | 15389004 |
| tinidazole (tindamax) - a new anti-protozoal drug. | 2004 | 15375353 | |
| trichomoniasis in men and hiv infection: data from 2 outpatient clinics at lilongwe central hospital, malawi. | little is known about the epidemiologic profile of trichomoniasis in men and its relationship to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. among men presenting for care for symptomatic sexually transmitted infections (stis) in malawi, trichomoniasis is not considered for first-line treatment. | 2004 | 15378437 |
| malic enzymes of trichomonas vaginalis: two enzyme families, two distinct origins. | the cytosolic malic enzyme of the amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the corresponding gene was sequenced and compared with its hydrogenosomal homologue from the same organism. the enzymes were found to differ in coenzyme specificity, molecular mass and physiological role. the cytosolic malic enzyme is a dimer consisting of two 42-kda subunits with strict specificity for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadp(+)), and has a pre ... | 2004 | 15033531 |
| association of trichomonas vaginalis with sociodemographic factors and other stds among female inmates in lisbon. | a study on stds was conducted among 211 female inmates in a prison in lisbon, portugal, in order to establish possible associations between trichomonas vaginalis infection, sociodemographic factors and other stds. t. vaginalis was found in 31.2% of the women, from whom only 65.1% presented symptoms. it was more frequently isolated in the 20-40 year age group. on univariate analysis there was an association, although not statistically significant, between the existence of t. vaginalis, multiple s ... | 2004 | 15339370 |
| involvement of map kinases in apoptosis of macrophage treated with trichomonas vaginalis. | a primitive protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis selectively activates the signal transduction pathways in macrophages (raw264.7). this study evaluated the correlation of these signaling pathways and t. vaginalis-induced cell apoptosis. in macrophages infected with t. vaginalis, apoptosis was assessed on the basis of dna fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. infection of macrophages with t. vaginalis induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins. infected cells with t. vaginal ... | 2004 | 15344222 |
| rapid review of liquid-based smears as a quality control measure. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a standardized method of rapid review (rr) of monolayer preparations for the identification of abnormalities, the presence of an endocervical component and infectious agents. a total of 200 thinprep (cytyc, boxborough, ma) slides representing the spectrum of abnormalities commonly encountered in cervical/vaginal cytologic specimens was retrieved from archive. the study set comprised 129 cases within normal limits (wnl); 36 low-g ... | 2004 | 15349981 |
| pyruvate formate lyase (pfl) and pfl activating enzyme in the chytrid fungus neocallimastix frontalis: a free-radical enzyme system conserved across divergent eukaryotic lineages. | fermentative formate production involves the activity of pyruvate formate lyase, an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that employs a glycyl radical in its reaction mechanism. while common among anaerobic prokaryotes, this enzyme has so far been found in only two distantly related eukaryotic lineages, anaerobic chytridiomycetes and chlorophytes. sequence comparisons of homologues from the chytridiomycetes piromyces and neocallimastix, the chlorophyte chlamydomonas, and numerous prokaryotes suggest a single ... | 2004 | 15352329 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of a 39-kda cysteine proteinase found in patient vaginal secretions. | trichomonosis, a chronic sexually transmitted disease, remains a public health problem affecting yearly over 170 million people worldwide. this disease is caused by trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan flagellate rich in cysteine proteinases (cps). although cps are involved in trichomonal cytopathogenicity, only few of them have been defined as virulence factors. in this study, we characterize a t. vaginalis 39-kda proteinase (cp39) found in vaginal secretions from patients with trichomonosis. the ... | 2004 | 15363938 |
| aetiology of male urethritis in patients recruited from a population with a high hiv prevalence. | the aetiology of urethritis, the significance of potential pathogens and the relation of urethritis to hiv infection were determined in 335 men (cases) with and 100 men (controls) without urethral symptoms. urethral swab specimens were tested for different organisms by pcr or by culture for neisseria gonorrhoeae. the prevalence of n. gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis was 52 and 16%, respectively. the potential pathogens: mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis an ... | 2004 | 15364299 |
| the role of unusual pathogens in prostatitis syndrome. | a total of 1442 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis were examined over a 4-year period at the outpatient department for urogenital infections, university hospital for infectious diseases "dr. fran mihaljevic", zagreb, croatia. an infectious aetiology was determined in 1070 (74.2%) patients. in 561 of 1070 (52.4%) patients the inflammatory finding (>10 wbc/hpf) was found in expressed prostatic secretions (eps) or voided bladder urine (vb(3)). normal, <10 wbcs/hpf was found in 362 of 536 ... | 2004 | 15364308 |
| prevalence of hiv, syphilis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoea, trichomonas vaginalis and candidiasis among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in khartoum, sudan. | antenatal screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (stis) has shown some benefits in countries where the practice is adopted. to date the prevalence of stis in the sudan is unknown. our aims were to establish the prevalence of stis among pregnant women in khartoum (sudan), to identify any risk factors and to suggest management. one hundred and fifty-one pregnant women were recruited for the study in an antenatal clinic in khartoum in 1999. the prevalence of chlamydia trachomat ... | 2004 | 15369929 |
| monoclonal antibodies against a 62 kda proteinase of trichomonas vaginalis decrease parasite cytoadherence to epithelial cells and confer protection in mice. | trichomonas vaginalis infects the epithelium of the genital tract. the mechanism by which it invades the tissue leading to the disease is not thoroughly understood. however, results of several studies seem to agree that parasite adhesion to epithelium cells is the initial step leading to infection in women. t. vaginalis is associated with high levels of proteolytic activity. the role of some of these proteinases in the development of infection has been demonstrated. the current study establishes ... | 2004 | 15279622 |
| trichomonas vaginalis-induced apoptosis in raw264.7 cells is regulated through bcl-xl, but not bcl-2. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether anti-apoptotic proteins of the bcl-2 family such as bcl-2 and bcl-x(l), proteins that confer resistance to apoptotic death from some stimuli, block apoptotic cell death in raw264.7 cells upon treatment with trichomonas vaginalis. in this study, the expression level of bcl-2 was unchanged throughout the course of apoptotic cell death, and overexpressed bcl-2 did not prevent release of cytochrome c, the significant change of the membrane potential ... | 2004 | 15279625 |
| trichomonas vaginalis ribosomal dna: analysis of the intergenic region and mapping of the transcription start point. | 2004 | 15279964 | |
| [rapd analysis on different isolates of trichomonas vaginalis]. | to study genetic polymorphism of dna on seven isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15281450 |
| detection of trichomoniasis in vaginal specimens by both conventional and modern molecular tools. | out of 23 symptomatic cases 21 specimens were positive for t. vaginalis by one or more methods. 21 were positive by pcr (91.3%) and 17 (72.9%) by culture, 14 (60.8%) by acridine orange (ao) stain and 13 (56.5%) by wet mount microscopy. the pcr detected all the positive cases and no pcr negative cases proved to be positive by any other technique. so, it is the test of choice for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. the modified diamond's media proved to be highly sensitive (80.95%) and the results of the ... | 2004 | 15287181 |
| [trichomonas vaginalis infections: use of roiron medium culture in routine diagnosis]. | 2004 | 15297247 | |
| evaluation of xenostrip-tv, a rapid diagnostic test for trichomonas vaginalis infection. | an immunochromatographic strip test, xenostrip-tv, was compared to wet mount and pcr for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in women. of 428 specimens tested, 54 (12.6%) were positive by an "expanded gold standard," defined as either a positive wet mount and pcr test with primers tvk3 and tvk7 and/or a positive pcr test confirmed by a second pcr assay with primers tva5-1 and tva6; 26 (6%) were positive by wet mount, and 36 (8.4%) were positive by xenostrip-tv test. since the xenost ... | 2004 | 15297548 |
| [nitric oxide and anti-protozoan chemotherapy]. | constitutive nitric oxide (no) is generated by constitutively expressed types of no-synthase enzymes (nos-i and -iii), being involved in physiological processes such as nervous transmission and vasodilatation. inducible no, synthesized by the no-synthase isoform nos-ii, is an anti-pathogen and tumoricidal agent. however, inducible no production requires a tight control because of cytotoxic and immune-modulation activity. no produced by human and canine macrophages has long been demonstrated to b ... | 2004 | 15305696 |
| silencing the ap65 gene reduces adherence to vaginal epithelial cells by trichomonas vaginalis. | host parasitism by trichomonas vaginalis is complex and in part mediated by adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs). four trichomonad surface proteins bind vecs as adhesins, and ap65 is a major adhesin with sequence identity to an enzyme of the hydrogenosome organelle that is involved in energy generation. in order to perform genetic analysis and assess the role of ap65 in t. vaginalis adherence, we silenced expression of ap65 using antisense rna. the gene for ap65 was inserted into the vec ... | 2004 | 15306014 |
| reactive nitrogen intermediates in experimental trichomoniasis induced with isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women. | trichomoniasis is the interplay between the infecting parasite, trichomonas vaginalis, and the host, on which the clinical presentation of the disease depends. although the clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic state to mild, moderate or severe symptoms, the exact virulence markers of t. vaginalis have not been well elucidated. free radical generation during the disease process and its role in pathogenesis has been reported in various microbial diseases. in the present study, an attempt ... | 2004 | 15309620 |
| pediatric management problems. trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15311649 | |
| surface properties and in vitro cytopathic effect of various strains of trichomonas vaginalis. | the in vitro cytopathic effect of four strains of trichomonas vaginalis on cultured epithelial monolayers was analyzed through electrophysiology and electron microscopy. interaction of trichomonads of two virulent strains (gt-10 and gt-13) with cultured mdck cell monolayers mounted in ussing chambers produced a rapid decrease in transepithelial resistance to less than 30% of control values after only 15 min. by 30 min the electrical resistance was practically abolished by the virulent parasites. ... | 2004 | 15311677 |
| cytokine expression pattern in the genital tract of chlamydia trachomatis positive infertile women - implication for t-cell responses. | human genital infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis is thought to be immunologically mediated, resulting in local recruitment of lymphocyte subsets and inducing the production of cytokines. little information is available about the role of lymphocyte recruitment and the regulation of cytokine production in the genital tract of c. trachomatis positive infertile women. we have evaluated the recruitment of lymphocyte subsets in the genital tract and production of th1/th2 cytokines in cervical s ... | 2004 | 15320905 |
| [use of arilin (dr.wolff) in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis during the period of 01.10.2003-31.12.2003]. | 2004 | 15323317 | |
| [the role of parasites and fungi in secondary infertility]. | parasite-host relationships can cause diminished or absent ability to conceive, ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy with undesired course. | 2004 | 15327187 |
| activities of dicationic compounds against trichomonas vaginalis. | we evaluated 44 novel cationic compounds for activity against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant trichomonas vaginalis isolates. six compounds in three different structural classes demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentrations as low as 1 microm against both sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting a mode of action independent of parasite biochemical pathways that confer resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles. | 2004 | 15328138 |
| recent pharmacological advances in the treatment of preterm membrane rupture, labour and delivery. | preterm delivery (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is the major determinant of infant mortality. in women with a previous preterm birth associated with bacterial vaginosis, prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole) reduce the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of preterm delivery, but metronidazole is not beneficial for this and may even be detrimental. antibiotic use (e.g., erythromycin) prolongs pregnancy in late premature rupture a ... | 2004 | 15330729 |
| bacterial vaginosis and intravaginal practices: association with hiv. | to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and to identify risk factors associated with this condition among urban women in harare, zimbabwe. | 2004 | 15881309 |
| [study on surface adhesion protein 33 gene sequence of different trichomonas vaginalis isolates]. | to study genetic polymorphism of surface adhesion protein 33 (ap33) gene on the seven isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15830862 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a rac1 homologue cdna from trichomonas vaginalis. | to clone and characterize a rac1 homologue from trichomonas vaginalis for studying cell cycle of the organism. | 2004 | 15830884 |
| [routine examination of leukorrhea in 3347 patients with trichomonal vaginitis]. | 2004 | 15830896 | |
| diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (sti) using self-collected non-invasive specimens. | paramount in control of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is their prompt recognition and appropriate treatment. in countries where definitive diagnoses are difficult, a 'syndromic approach' to management of stis is recommended and practiced, yet many stis have common symptoms or are asymptomatic and therefore go undetected and untreated. this is of particular concern with the recognition that hiv transmission is increased with co-existent stis: the attributable risk for eac ... | 2004 | 16334994 |
| evaluation of cervical smears at king hussein medical centre, jordan, over three and a half years. | cervical smears taken from women referred for a check-up or with vaginal itching/discharge over a period of 3.5 years were reviewed at the king hussein medical centre, jordan. all smears were fixed with 96% alcohol, stained with papanicolaou stain and screened microscopically. of the smears from 1176 women aged 18-70 years, 4.5% were classified as inadequate, 7.7% were normal and 79.9% showed non-specific inflammation. abnormal vaginal flora was found in 4.8% of cases, candida albicans in 1.2%, ... | 2004 | 16335662 |
| immunoblot analysis of trichomonas vaginalis antigens recognized by rabbit hyperimmune serum raised against exoantignes. | the sds-page and immunoblot were used to identify trichomonas vaginalis antigenic epitopes present in purified somatic and exo-antigens. the presence of common immunogenic proteins corresponding to molecular weights of 76, 60 and 23 kda was revealed. distinctive immunogenic bands of 92, 72, 55 and 40 kda for the exo-antigens, and of 110, 80, 78 and 50 kda for the somatic antigens, appeared when the antigens were probed by the homologous immune rabbit serum. | 2004 | 14598168 |
| the amitochondriate eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis contains a divergent thioredoxin-linked peroxiredoxin antioxidant system. | trichomonas is an amitochondriate parasitic protozoon specialized for an anaerobic lifestyle. nevertheless, it is exposed to oxygen and is able to cope with the resultant oxidative stress. in the absence of glutathione, cysteine has been thought to be the major antioxidant. we now report that the parasite contains thioredoxin reductase, which functions together with thioredoxin and thioredoxin peroxidase to detoxify potentially damaging oxidants. thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin also reduce ... | 2004 | 14630923 |