Publications

cultivation of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis from skin ulcers in man under field conditions.		1986	3798543
concurrent human infection with leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis.	in the suburban district of campo grande, municipality of rio de janeiro (brazil) cases of both leishmania domovani and l. b. braziliensis infections occur. in march 1982 we examined a white male child, five years old, with fever, weight loss and distended abdomen, symptoms said to have started three months before. after the first month a papular lesion appeared on his forehead, rapidly increasing in size and becoming ulcerated: parasites were isolated from both the ulcer and the bone marrow by ...	1986	3675032
identification and recovery of leishmania antigen displayed on the surface membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro.	a murine monoclonal antibody (83l-2d3/a) to a dominant surface antigen of leishmania braziliensis panamensis (wrair-470) recognized a determinant expressed on the surface membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro. this determinant, also demonstrable on the surface membrane of intracellular amastigotes, was not displayed by the macrophage until at least 6 hr post-infection. this delay in expression and the obvious negativity of all uninfected macrophages inherent to infected cult ...	1986	3950404
karyotype analysis of leishmania species and its use in classification and clinical diagnosis.	chromosomes of four species of leishmania represented by ten different geographic isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (pfg) to assess chromosome stability in these parasitic protozoans. among different geographic isolates of the same subspecies, more than two-thirds of chromosomes had similar sizes, ethidium bromide staining intensities, and locations of alpha,beta-tubulin genes. however, among new world leishmania, members of different species or subspecies have ...	1986	3961502
leishmania donovani: cellular and humoral immune responses after primary and challenge infections in squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus.	cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in squirrel monkeys after primary and challenge infection with a khartoum strain (wr 378) of leishmania donovani. each of 7 squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was inoculated intravenously with 5 x 10(7) amastigotes/kg body weight, and one other monkey (control) was inoculated with uninfected hamster spleen homogenate. five infected monkeys recovered from visceral leishmaniasis and two infected monkeys died. three of the five squirrel monkeys wh ...	1986	2940111
[evolution of the interrelation of the linking members in the leishmania parasite system].		1986	3086683
analysis of trypanosoma cruzi antigens bound by specific antibodies and by antibodies to related trypanosomatids.	antigens of the epimastigote stage of trypanosoma cruzi were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and examined for their ability to bind antibodies in sera from humans infected with this organism or infected with one or both of the related protozoa leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani by protein blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. most of the antigens were bound by antibodies against each one of the organisms ...	1986	3087879
protection against fatal murine chagas' disease with a leishmania braziliensis panamensis stock.	past attempts to immunize mice against a fatal trypanosoma cruzi infection utilizing related hemoflagellates have been unsuccessful. in the present study, c57bl/6 mice received a footpad inoculation of 10(7) promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis panamensis. six and 9 weeks subsequent to this inoculation mice were infected intraperitoneally with the tulahuen strain of t. cruzi. all immunized mice survived infection over the 6-month period of observation whereas control mice regularly died. the ...	1986	3094394
[preliminary results in favor of the existence of a major surface antigen, specific for leishmania braziliensis braziliensis].	the comparative surface antigen study of 10 bolivian strains and 1 brazilian reference strain from l. b. braziliensis sub-species shows an important homogeneity within this group. all the strains tested so far present similar antigenic patterns with a major antigen at 72 kd. on the contrary, the comparative analysis of surface antigens of l. b. braziliensis with those of l. b. guyanensis, l. b. panamensis, l. mexicana amazonensis and l. donovani chagasi shows a large antigenic heterogeneity betw ...	1986	3099979
[histopathology of tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. 2. tissue humoral response].		1986	3296117
separation of female psychodopygus wellcomei and p. complexus (diptera: psychodidae) by cuticular hydrocarbon analysis.	psychodopygus wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae), vector of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis - causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil, cannot be distinguished from sympatric p. complexus either by morphometrics or isoenzyme profiles. we report here the use of cuticular hydrocarbon analysis in the successful separation of individual female p. wellcomei and p. complexus. this technique involves the use of gas liquid chromatography and discriminant function analysis.	1986	2872790
immunization of hamsters with tlck-killed parasites induces protection against leishmania infection.	hamsters immunized with n-p-tosyl-l-lysine-chloromethyl ketone tlck-treated l. brasiliensis brasiliensis (lb) from culture, infected with lb amastigotes presented: a gradual increase in t and b cell responsiveness to mitogens by lymph node lymphocytes, and an increased response to concanavalin a with no changes for dextran sulphate and pokeweed mitogen in splenocytes. absence of parasites in lymph nodes after 6 weeks post-infection and a nodule 4 times smaller than that of infected control anima ...	1986	2877549
topical pentostam in an attempt to produce more rapid healing of skin ulcers due to leishmania braziliensis braziliensis.		1986	2825253
cutaneous leishmaniasis from belize--treatment with ketoconazole.		1986	3708895
leishmania braziliensis: development of primary and satellite lesions in the experimentally infected owl monkey, aotus trivirgatus.	twelve male and 8 female feral owl monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, were inoculated intradermally at the dorsal base of the tail with 2 x 10(7) promastigotes (strains wr 128 or wr 539) or 5 x 10(5) amastigotes (strain wr 128) of leishmania braziliensis panamensis, and the progression and regression of subsequent lesions were examined for up to 13 or 54 weeks after inoculation. three of these monkeys had been infected previously with l. donovani, had been treated with meglumine antimoniate, and had re ...	1986	3709751
[experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis in laboratory animals].	a survey of literature on modelling cutaneous leishmaniasis of man (common and metastatic) on some lines of mice, guinea pigs, golden hamsters infected with different species of leishmania is given. merits and demerits of each described model are pointed out.	1986	3714297
serum protein from leishmania brasiliensis infected hamster that suppress lymphocyte response of normal hamster lymphocytes.	immunosuppression in leishmania brasiliensis (lb) or l. donovani (ld) infected hamsters is correlated with the appearance of two serum protein bands found at 21, 60, 68 and 76 days post lb-infection and with eight bands at 21 days post-ld-infection probably of host origin. a protein band from lb-infected hamster serum isolated by electrofocusing, suppressed the blastogenic response of normal lymphocytes to t and b cell mitogens.	1986	3716539
three-dimensional reconstructions of the mitotic spindle and dense plaques in three species of leishmania.	the ultrastructure of the mitotic nucleus in leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, l. mexicana and l. donovani was studied by serial thin sections and three-dimensional reconstructions of each divisional stage. the structures of the interphase and four stages of dividing nuclei were described. attention was paid to dense plaques and spindle microtubules. at the beginning of the nuclear division, a set of six dense plaques was found in association with spindle microtubules in the vicinity of the ...	1986	3716540
intralesional glucantime in leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infections.		1986	3726989
failure to cure leishmania braziliensis guyanensis cutaneous leishmaniasis with oral ketoconazole.		1986	3726992
leishmania braziliensis from the pacific coast region of colombia: foci of transmission, clinical spectrum and isoenzyme phenotypes.	tegumentary leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in the pacific coast region of colombia. we have identified 90 foci of transmission in this region based on 179 parasitologically diagnosed patients. human transmission occurred in mangrove forests, secondary growth and intervened tropical rain forest. a parasitological diagnosis, that is, either isolation or visualization of leishmania was made in 68.6% of suspected cases. three phenotypically distinguishable groups of l. braziliensis were encounter ...	1986	3728793
human american cutaneous leishmaniasis (leishmania b. braziliensis) in brazil: lymphoproliferative responses and influence of therapy.	the host defence to leishmania parasites is believed to depend on cell-mediated immune responses. three groups of inhabitants from an endemic area in rio de janeiro were studied: group i consisted of 28 patients with cutaneous lesions, group ii of 28 healthy persons (without ulcers) but with positive montenegro skin tests (mst) and group iii of 29 healthy persons with negative mst. the peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative responses induced by leishmanial-antigens (leishmania b. braziliensis ...	1986	3742876
leishmania braziliensis: localization of glycoproteins in promastigotes.	two species of glycoproteins from leishmania braziliensis promastigotes of apparent molecular weights of 53,000 (glycoprotein 53) and 47,000 (glycoprotein 47) were localized. four lectins with different sugar specificities bound to the blotting sheet to which the electrophoretically separated materials were transferred. concanavalin a and ricinus communis agglutinin bound to the band of glycoprotein 53 and the lectin from dolichos biflorus bound to the band of glycoprotein 47. wheat germ aggluti ...	1986	3754820
the localization of a lectin-like component on the leishmania cell surface.	the binding between macrophage-like cells j774g8 and leishmania braziliensis (nr) promastigotes was studied 'in vitro' by a radioisotopic assay under various conditions in the absence of serum. different sugars, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-glucose, d-mannose, d-galactose, and chitin, diminished the binding of the parasite, whereas other sugars, d-arabinose, d-fucose and d-xylose, did not affect the binding. the presence of a lectin-like ligand specific for n-acetyl-d-glucosamine has been detected ...	1986	3762526
molecular karyotype of species and subspecies of leishmania.	the dna karyotypes of three species and several subspecies of new world leishmania were found to be distinct. the karyotypes were more similar among closely related isolates than among more distantly related groups. two classes of chromosomal dna differences were detected among stocks; +/- 50 kb size differences among dnas, some of which were shown to contain homologous sequences, and dnas having no obvious corresponding chromosomal dna in other isolates. a total of 14-24 chromosomal dna bands w ...	1986	3762594
failure of oral ketoconazole to cure cutaneous ulcers caused by leishmania braziliensis.	ketoconazole failed to cure cutaneous lesions caused by leishmania braziliensis in two patients. a prior study had suggested that ketoconazole was efficacious against this form of leishmaniasis.	1986	3769557
[histopathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. 4. histopathological classification].		1986	3602829
mucosal leishmaniasis ("espundia" escomel, 1911).	one of the more serious clinical forms of leishmaniasis occurs in espundia when the mucosae of the upper respiratory passages are inflamed. this complication is a metastasis from a skin lesion caused by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (lbb) although cases have been described associated with other leishmanial species. epidemiological data suggest that a detectable mucosal metastasis occurs in fewer than 5% of patients infected with lbb in our study area. the determinants of this complication ...	1986	3037735
[histopathology of cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. 1. histopathological patterns and study of the course of the lesions].		1986	3563308
leishmaniasis in bolivia. ii. the involvement of psychodopygus yucumensis and psychodopygus llanosmartinsi in the selvatic transmission cycle of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis in a lowland subandean region.	an epidemiological survey of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis ("espúndia" type) was carried out in the alto beni region of bolivia, an area of andean foothills at the eastern limit of the amazonian lowlands. the climate is typical wet tropical (15 degrees s latitude). anthropophilic phlebotomine sandfly species were sampled at 20 sites, all forested. the importance of species from the psychodopygus group, already suspected as a vector in the transmission of leishmania from the braziliensis ...	1986	3574129
[phlebotomus of vargem grande, a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of rio de janeiro].	in vargem grande, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in state of rio de janeiro, where lutzomyia intermedia had been found infected with leishmania braziliensis, we performed a series of captures of sandflies to increase the knowledge on their behaviour. the following species were found among 8,671 sandflies collected: l. intermedia, l. migonei, l. longipalpis, l. lanei, l. fischeri, l. firmatoi, l. monticola, l. schreiberi, l. whitmani, l. pelloni, l. barrettoi e l. (pi) sp. inside hous ...	1986	3574131
[participation of the dog in the cycle of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of viana, state of espirito santo, brazil].	in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the viana municipality, espírito santo state, an investigation was performed on natural hosts of leishmania among domestic animals, trying to correlate the presence of infected animals with the occurrence of the disease in humans. within a three weeks period 186 dogs were examined and 32 (17.2%) were found infected. eleven new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded during one year, among people living in the endemic area. a close relations ...	1986	3586998
[natural infection of equus asinus by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis-bahia, brazil].	in corte de pedra, valença, state of bahia, a donkey, equus asinus, was found naturally infected with leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. the parasite was isolated from a lesion located on a castration scar, and identified by means of monoclonal antibodies.	1986	3587004
[histopathology of tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. 3. cellular reactions in tissues].		1986	3589392
[in vitro culture as a practical tool for the diagnosis and primary isolation of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. 2. studies in patients in endemic areas].		1986	3589393
[isolation and identification of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, in human cases and domestic dog, in the state of são paulo].		1986	3509356
a spectrum in the susceptibility of leishmanial strains to intracellular killing by murine macrophages.	the susceptibility of 26 strains and clones of leishmania to in vitro killing by lymphokine (lk)-activated macrophages was determined. a spectrum in the susceptibility of leishmania to macrophage killing was observed. some leishmanias were completely resistant to killing, including some but not all of the l. mexicana strains studied. this resistance was expressed in amastigotes and stationary growth-phase promastigotes, but not in logarithmic promastigotes. in contrast, some l. braziliensis para ...	1986	3511147
trypanosoma cruzi and american leishmania spp: immunocytochemical localization of a laminin-like protein in the plasma membrane.	patients with chagas' disease or different clinical forms of american cutaneous leishmaniasis have high antilaminin antibody levels. an immunogold technique employing a specific antilaminin antibody was used in the present study to determine the presence, and define the ultrastructural localization, of laminin-like molecule(s) in american leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi. laminin was found located specifically in t. cruzi trypomastigotes on the external surface of the plasma membrane, close ...	1986	3514257
ige antibody against surface antigens of leishmania promastigotes in american cutaneous leishmaniasis.	as ige-mediated immune mechanisms participate in the host defence against some types of parasites, we evaluated sera from american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) patients for the presence of this antibody against leishmania. using monoclonal antibodies against human ige and an immunoperoxidase staining technique, 48% of the patients sera tested were found to contain ige antibody that bound strongly to leishmania promastigotes. a much lower proportion of sera from non-symptomatic subjects from eit ...	1986	3517764
in situ detection of amastigotes in american cutaneous leishmaniasis, using monoclonal antibodies.	using an immunoperoxidase technique we have applied monoclonal antibodies against american leishmania for the detection of amastigotes in biopsies from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. the immunocytochemical procedure was notably superior to conventional histological staining in terms of the visualization and definition of the amastigotes. this technique could eventually prove to be of value in epidemiological studies, and possibly have prognostic importance, by allowing the in situ characteriz ...	1986	3523865
evaluation of dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and comparison with microplate enzyme immunoassay.	a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot elisa) was evaluated and compared with a standard microplate elisa (immunoglobulin g [igg] elisa) for the serological diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. the two assays were used to test 113 serum specimens from the following groups: normal individuals and patients with deep mycoses, toxoplasmosis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, chagas' disease, malaria, and schistosomiasis. both tests exhibited cross-reactivity when testin ...	1986	3531227
serotypes of leishmania mexicana and l. braziliensis defined by enriched polyclonal sera, with particular reference to venezuelan isolates.		1986	3448869
[the in vitro culture method as a practical instrument in the diagnosis and primary isolation of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. i. laboratory observations].		1986	3432628
do sugar residues contribute to the antigenic determinants responsible for protection and/or abolition of protection in leishmania-infected balb/c mice?	intravenous inoculation of irradiated virulent promastigotes of leishmania mexicana, or intradermal inoculation of avirulent temperature-sensitive clones of the same parasite, can protect balb/c mice from progressive disease when challenged with parental organisms. however, if animals are prechallenged s.c. with irradiated parental parasites before (or shortly after, i.e., within 10 days) any other immunization regime is used, the s.c. challenge effectively suppresses development of protective i ...	1986	2424979
comparative studies of leishmania soluble antigens by crossed-immunoelectrophoresis: demonstration of specific antigens to l. mexicana and l. braziliensis.	the antigenic relationship between two species of leishmania (l. mexicana amazonensis and l. braziliensis braziliensis) was analysed using crossed-immunoelectrophoresis with an intermediate gel. rabbit hyperimmune sera were prepared by subcutaneous inoculations of soluble antigens obtained from each species, emulsified in freund's adjuvant. the antisera were then tested by immunodiffusion and electrophoresis; soluble antigens obtained from promastigote forms were submitted to ultrasonication and ...	1986	2425997
antibodies to basement membrane protein nidogen in chagas' disease and american cutaneous leishmaniasis.	about 50 to 70% of sera from patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis and chronic chagas' disease possessed antibodies which reacted in enzyme and radioimmunoassays with nidogen obtained from a tumor basement membrane. the antibodies were of the immunoglobulin m and g classes in acute american cutaneous leishmaniasis but mainly of the immunoglobulin g class in chronic chagas' disease. similar antibodies could not be detected in patients suffering from a variety of other infectious or infla ...	1986	2429987
characterization and quantitation of membrane antigens of new world leishmania species by using monoclonal antibodies in western blot and flow microfluorometric assays.	membrane-specific monoclonal antibodies generated against promastigotes of new world leishmania species were used in western blot, elisa, and flow microfluorometric assays to characterize their antigen specificity and to determine the external surface distribution of the reactive epitopes. three major membrane antigens of molecular weight 72 kd, 55 kd, and 42 kd were identified as well as a dominant antigen that migrated as a broad band on sds-page, corresponding to a molecular weight of 10-15 k ...	1986	2432268
subcellular and taxonomic specificity of monoclonal antibodies to new world leishmania.	murine monoclonal antibodies to flagellar, surface membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of new world leishmania were assessed for their taxonomic specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with three genera of the family trypanosomatidae and three species and seven subspecies of the genus leishmania. antibodies exhibiting exclusive reactivity with either the flagellum, flagellar pocket, kinetoplast, or nucleus lacked specificity at all phylogenetic levels and, in fact, recognized epitopes co ...	1985	2422966
cardiac effects of sodium stibogluconate.	sodium stibogluconate although potentially cardiotoxic is the drug of choice for kalaazar and cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania braziliensis. increasing use of this drug in the british army has necessitated a formal evaluation of its cardiac side-effects. consequently a detailed study of the cardiac effects of sodium stibogluconate was undertaken in 22 male soldiers using for the first time modern non-invasive techniques. intravenous sodium stibogluconate 600 mg daily for 10 days did not ...	1985	2983749
high continuous antimony therapy in two patients with unresponsive mucosal leishmaniasis.	the treatment of two patients with severe mucosal leishmaniasis due to leishmania braziliensis braziliensis is described. both patients had received much prior antimonial therapy and one had relapsed after a total dose of 2.5 g of amphotericin b. both patients responded to prolonged continuous pentostam therapy at a daily dose of 20 mg sbv/kg/day for 62 days in one case and for 85 days in the other. pentavalent antimonials can be curative in such protracted courses in selected patients unrespons ...	1985	2992304
characterization of the 5'-half of leishmania brasiliensis (y) 20s ribosomal dna and its adjacent spacer.		1985	3004075
immunization of susceptible balb/c mice against leishmania braziliensis. i. resistance induced using as immunogen adherent or nonadherent cells from infected mice.	strategies to produce resistance to infection with leishmania braziliensis in balb/c mice are described. mice infected with virulent parasites were used as spleen cell donors (adherent/nonadherent cells) with which to immunize naive recipients which were themselves later challenged with the organism. immunization with both adherent and nonadherent spleen cells (but not serum) in the presence of adjuvant led to protection. in the former case it seems that an immunogenic form of parasite antigen p ...	1985	3160485
leishmanin skin testing in the diagnosis of american cutaneous leishmaniasis.	two hundred thirty-three british troops were tested before and 2 months after a 6-month period in belize. no erythematous indurated reactions developed on the initial tests; four subjects developed such reactions on the second test. three of these subjects had skin ulcers at the time of the second test; the fourth developed an ulcer 2 weeks later. leishmania braziliensis sp were isolated from all of these ulcers. two subjects who showed no reaction on either of their tests developed skin ulcers ...	1985	3997332
isoenzyme patterns of leishmania isolates from colombia.	promastigotes from four cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from colombia were tested by cellulose acetate electrophoresis using nine enzyme systems. the isoenzyme profiles of the colombian isolates were indistinguishable from each other and from panamanian leishmania braziliensis panamensis controls, but were distinct from an isolate of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis from brazil and three isolates from the leishmania mexicana complex for the enzyme phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.	1985	4003660
[leishmania brasiliensis infection].		1985	4007665
immunization of susceptible balb/c mice against leishmania braziliensis. ii. use of temperature-sensitive avirulent clones of parasite for vaccination purposes.	avirulent clones of leishmania braziliensis were produced by treatment of parental parasite stock with the mutagen n-methyl-n'-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and selection for growth at 19 degrees c. these clones have a clear preference for infection and growth in vitro at 19 degrees c rather than the normal 28 degrees c. in addition, they can be used to vaccinate naive mice successfully against growth of the parental parasite clones. immunity can be adoptively transferred from vaccinated mi ...	1985	4016960
cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania braziliensis in an israeli tourist. the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy.		1985	4019133
solubilization and partial purification of a cell surface component of leishmania braziliensis.	a simple procedure that allowed the extraction and partial purification of a component of 65,000 mol.wt. from the surface of leishmania braziliensis promastigotes is described. iodinated cell surface membrane fractions were solubilized using triton x-100 followed by nonidet p-40. the macromolecular components were then freed of the detergents by passage of the extracts through a column of de52 cellulose. the component of 65,000 mol.wt. was eluted from the column with 1 m nacl. this component in ...	1985	4024707
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: leishmania braziliensis subspecies diversity.	it is generally held that with rare exception leishmania braziliensis braziliensis is the parasite responsible for the metastatic development of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. yet the infrequency of mucocutaneous disease compared with cutaneous manifestations, and the difficulty of isolating parasites from mucocutaneous lesions have restricted the study of the organisms involved. we here report the biologic, isoenzymatic, and monoclonal antibody specificity characteristic of eight ...	1985	4025684
[current aspects of endemic mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in brazil].	mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has a large incidence in brazil. biochemical, immunological and biological studies have characterized three disease agents: leishmania mexicana amazonensis, leishmania brasiliensis guyanensis and leishmania brasiliensis brasiliensis; these have distinct geographical distributions. the last one is the most common and is the most difficult to treat. destructive mucosal lesions can occur days, months or years after the cutaneous lesions. the montenegro intradermal test, ...	1985	4066323
cell mediated immunity in american cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis.	cellular immune responses were studied in 35 brazilian patients with either active cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), active mucosal leishmaniasis (ml), or healed cutaneous leishmaniasis. the mean age and duration of illness in the two groups were as follows: 14 cl patients, age 28 +/- 13 yr, disease 5 +/- mo; and 16 ml patients, age 34 +/- 15 yr, disease 86 +/- 117 mo. patients with cl and ml responded well to leishmania antigen in blastogenesis assays. however, the response of ml patients was over ...	1985	4067312
[the taxonomic status of leishmania garnhami, indicated by its pattern of development in the vector].	under experimental conditions, the developmental pattern of leishmania garnhami in its vector lutzomyia townsendi, was established following daily dissections between the 1st and the 12th day post-infection. l. garnhami succeeded in establishing initial infections in any of the gut regions and in the malpighian tubules of infected sandflies. similar behavior was observed in infected lu. longipalpis. the distribution of l. garnhami in the digestive tract of infected flies, is different to that ob ...	1985	4088042
a pilot study to control lutzomyia umbratilis (diptera:psychodidae), the major vector of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, in a peri-urban rainforest of manaus, amazonas state, brazil.	in the second half of 1980, 112 (or ca. 16%) of the inhabitants of the new settlement of são josé, city of manaus, contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis whilst clearing their properties of terra firme rainforest. with the aid of sucam, the authors carried out a pilot study to investigate the feasibility of reducing populations of lutzomyia umbratilis, the local silvatic vector of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, by spraying insecticide on its favoured diurnal resting sites, the bases of the larg ...	1985	4088044
[a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipalities of viana and cariacica, state of espirito santo, brazil].		1985	4089511
first venezuelan record of lutzomyia umbratilis ward & fraiha, 1977 (diptera: psychodidae), a proven vector of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis.		1985	3832500
brazilian leishmania stocks phenotypically similar to leishmania major.	screening by enzyme electrophoresis of isolates of new world leishmania from different geographic areas revealed a number of stocks with enzyme profiles different from those produced by reference strains of described subspecies of l. mexicana, l. braziliensis, and l. donovani. analysis by six enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; malate dehydrogenase; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; phosphoglucomutase; and glucose-phosphate isomerase) showed that these stocks have ide ...	1985	3834794
observations on the sandfly (diptera: psychodidae) fauna of além paraíba, state of minas gerais, brazil, and the isolation of a parasite of the leishmania braziliensis complex from psychodopygus hirsuta hirsuta.	dissection of 765 sandflies captured in além paraíba (the type locality of leishmania braziliensis) resulted in the isolation, from psychodopygus hirsuta hirsuta, of a parasite of the le. braziliensis complex.	1985	3837173
comparative study of the ribosomal rna from leishmania and trypanosoma.	the ribosomal rna from several stocks of the genera leishmania and trypanosoma were studied by gel electrophoresis, sedimentation on sucrose density gradients and rna/dna hybridization experiments. three major components were observed after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels (page-sds), the relative molecular masses being respectively: x1 = 0.83 megadaltons, x2 = 0.63 megadaltons and x3 = 0.54 megadaltons for leishmania rna; and x1 = 0.86 megaldaltons, x2 = 0.78 megadaltons, and x3 = 0.58 me ...	1985	3886897
leishmania braziliensis guyanensis dermal leishmaniasis: cell-mediated immunity related to clinical features.	the non-specific and specific cellular immune responses in vitro were investigated in 26 patients infected with leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and compared with those of 12 healthy donors. an absence of marked suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro to con a, pha and pwm mitogens, and a high variability in the cellular responsiveness to leishmania antigens were detected in the infected patient group. the occurrence of relapses seemed to be associated with a lower lymphocyte transfor ...	1985	3887683
a focus of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in três braços, bahia, brazil: characterization and identification of leishmania stocks isolated from man and dogs.	the characterization and identification to species and subspecies of 20 stocks of leishmania isolated from the region of três braços, bahia, brazil, are described: 17 stocks were from patients and three from dogs. the following techniques were used (i) biological (growth in culture, hamster tissues and phlebotomine gut), (ii) biochemical (isoenzyme and kinetoplast dna analysis) and (iii) immunological (using monoclonal antibodies). all except two stocks belong to the l. braziliensis complex. one ...	1985	3909556
a survey for american cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis among 1,342 dogs from areas in rio de janeiro (brazil) where the human diseases occur.	there are areas in the periphery of rio de janeiro city where human cases of visceral and/or cutaneous leishmaniasis occur. the parasites have been identified as leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis braziliensis respectively. a survey for leishmaniasis was done among 1,342 dogs from those areas using an indirect immunofluorescent test. from the dogs, 616 came from areas where only human cases of visceral leishmaniasis occurred, 373 from an area where all human cases were of cutaneous ...	1985	3910994
leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection of the nipple.		1985	3918617
leishmania braziliensis: cell surface differences in promastigotes of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains.	a comparative study of cell surface characteristics of pathogenic and nonpathogenic promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis, nr and lby strains, respectively, was carried out by means of concanavalin a agglutination and labeling with concanavalin a-fluorescein isothiocyanate, concanavalin a-ferritin, and cationized ferritin. cytochemical examination showed cell surface differences in lectin receptors and negative charge moieties in the two strains of l. braziliensis. the pathogenic nr strain ag ...	1985	3918880
a method for demonstration of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi by using antigen-coated nitrocellulose paper strips.	a method for a rapid and accurate demonstration of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi by using nitrocellulose paper strips coated with antigens of the parasite was developed and evaluated. thirty-eight serum samples from 38 individuals infected with t. cruzi had a positive result in the test. sera from normal individuals and individuals with antibodies to toxoplasma gondii or leishmania braziliensis had a negative result. the test was performed in a short period of time at room temperature. the ant ...	1985	3920925
a mr 90 000 surface polypeptide of trypanosoma cruzi as a candidate for a chagas' disease diagnostic antigen.	trypanosoma cruzi (peru strain) trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were biosynthetically labeled with [35s]methionine, and the proteins were analyzed by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page). 2d-page analysis of the trypomastigotes showed a complex array of polypeptides with distinct clusters at mr 88 000-92 000, isoelectric point (pi) 5.6-6.0, and mr 72 000-76 000, pi 5.6-5.8. 2d-page analysis of the epimastigotes did not show the cluster of polypeptides at mr 90 000. when ...	1985	3932849
flagellate infections of brazilian sand flies (diptera: psychodidae): isolation in vitro and biochemical identification of endotrypanum and leishmania.	flagellate infections were found in 1,063 of 18,895 sand flies collected in the states of amazonas, pará, rondonia and acre, brazil. infection rates were 13.4% (species group shannoni); 7.5% (subgenus nyssomyia); 6.7% (subgenus lutzomyia series cruciata); 0.5% (genus psychodopygus) and 3.1% for other sand flies (various subgenera). leishmania braziliensis guyanensis and l. mexicana amazonensis were isolated, respectively, from the known vectors, lutzomyia umbratilis and l. flaviscutellata. singl ...	1985	3938924
clinical presentations of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis.	leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (lbb) is probably the most serious, leishmanial infection of the new world. although epidemiological information is incomplete, its distribution is believed to extend from belize in central america to northern argentina, involving all countries east of the andes. lbb causes a variety of clinical lesions and is one of the most difficult forms of leishmaniasis to treat. we still do not know how many patients suffer from mucosal disease requiring treatment. in t ...	1985	15275583
restriction endonuclease analysis of leishmania kinetoplast dna characterizes parasites responsible for visceral and cutaneous disease.	the kinetoplast dna (kdna) from promastigotes of leishmania responsible for old and new world cutaneous and visceral disease was characterized to determine if species and strains causing similar or different diseases could be identified. restriction enzymes were used to digest kdna into fragments that were separated into characteristic banding patterns after electrophoresis in agarose or linear gradient polyacrylamide gels. hybridization was conducted with a 32p-kdna probe and kdna fragments tra ...	1984	6091469
the effect of tunicamycin on leishmania braziliensis cell growth, cell morphology and ultrastructure.	the effect of tunicamycin (tm) on leishmania braziliensis promastigotes in culture has been studied. tm at different concentrations (2, 4, 6 micrograms/ml) inhibits promastigote growth as the mean generation time of control cells, 36 hr, is changed to 41, 46 and 55 hr, respectively. cells remain viable after long exposure to 2 micrograms/ml of tm and can be cultured in the presence of the drug for several generations. under these conditions cells tend to round up and many "ruffle"-like structure ...	1984	6234958
allopurinol treatment in human leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infections.		1984	6464145
habitat and seasonality of psychodopygus wellcomei help incriminate it as a vector of leishmania braziliensis in amazônia and northeast brazil.		1984	6485059
spontaneous healing of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis skin ulcers.		1984	6485067
allopurinol treatment in human leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infections.		1984	6506163
[cutaneous leishmaniasis in amazonia. report of the 1st human case of mixed infection, determined by 2 different leishmania species: leishmania brasiliensis and leishmania mexicana amazonensis].		1984	6533750
clinical characteristics of human leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infections.		1984	6533860
study of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in venezuela. the role of domestic animals.	during an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a locality (las rosas, cojedes state, venezuela) previously non-endemic, 12.9% of humans, 7% of dogs and 21.4% of donkeys (equus asinus) had lesions with parasites. the agent in the three hosts was identified as leishmania braziliensis, subspecies braziliensis at least in man and donkey. the probable vector was lutzomyia panamensis. no infection was found in a small sample of wild mammals examined. the outbreak was apparently linked with the impor ...	1984	6535915
[natural infection of lutzomyia intermedia lutz & neiva, 1912, in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis of rio de janeiro].	in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in jacarepaguá, rio de janeiro, one specimen of lutzomyia intermedia was found naturally infected with leishmania braziliensis.	1984	6535924
[experimental chemotherapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. iii. effect of glucantime and humatin (p&d) on leishmania garnhami and leishmania braziliensis in hamsters].		1984	6537698
[successful intralesional treatment of leishmaniasis caused by leishmania brasiliensis panamensis using glucantime].	the results of the treatment of 45 cases of leishmaniosis (by "l. brasiliensis panamensis") with intralesional injections of glucanthime are reported (one or two injections with 8 days of interval). this method is considered as the best for the disease.	1984	6376976
the isolation and isoenzyme characterization of leishmania braziliensis subsp. from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis acquired in belize.	leishmanial organisms were cultivated from cutaneous lesions of british military personnel returning from belize. isoenzyme profiles of the freshly isolated organisms and 'marker' strains of new world leishmania spp. were compared using 10 enzymes (alat, asat, me, gpi, mpi, pgm, sod, 6-pgdh, g-6-pdh and mdh), by starch gel electrophoresis. 19 of the 22 new isolates from belize were isoenzymically indistinguishable from leishmania braziliensis braziliensis (10 out of 10 enzymes) and clearly diffe ...	1984	6710574
inbred mice as model hosts for cutaneous leishmaniasis. i. resistance and susceptibility to infection with leishmania braziliensis, l. mexicana, and l. aethiopica.	the susceptibility of 12 strains of inbred mice representing a broad genetic spectrum to infection of leishmania braziliensis, l. mexicana and l. aethiopica was determined. levels of susceptibility were evaluated by gross morphology of lesions, evidence of resolution, persistence of parasites at the site of inoculation, and visceralization to the spleen or liver following inoculation in noses. very different patterns of responses were noted among the infections with the three species of leishman ...	1984	6721612
leishmaniasis affecting the eyelids.	leishman-donovan bodies were recognized in the smear of a biopsy specimen from an eyelid ulcer. the infecting organisms were identified serologically as leishmania braziliensis panamensis. the ulcer responded to pentavalent antimony. ultrastructurally, the organisms had double-unit membranes, beneath which lay a palisade of microtubules. at one end of the organism, there was a rudimentary flagellum; at the other, the nucleus. a kinetoplast basal complex separated the two.	1983	6849660
a laboratory infection with leishmania braziliensis braziliensis.		1983	6868110
leishmania braziliensis: effects of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus and pasteurella multocida) on the developing cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion in the golden hamster.	experimentally induced lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis and the effect of concurrent bacterial infection on the development of these lesions were studied in the golden hamster. male outbred golden hamsters received intradermal injections at the base of the tail with approximately 10(7) promastigotes of leishmania braziliensis panamensis, or promastigotes combined with staphylococcus aureus or pasteurella multocida or both, bacteria only, or sterile eagle's minimal essential medium (meme). the ...	1983	6873221
[besnoitia (protozoa: toxoplasmatinae) isolated from opossums didelphis marsupilis in the amazon region, brazil].	from a total of 224 didelphis marsupialis examined, in 15 were found cysts of besnoitia in muscles and viscera. it's the first time that this protozoan is isolated from naturally infected animals in brazil. the experimental transmission to laboratory animals was done by the inoculum of tissue and cysts triturated.	1983	6400169
effect of a purified excreted factor from leishmania brasiliensis on macrophage activity.	the effect of a purified glycoprotein excreted to the culture medium by leishmania brasiliensis on the endocytic and degradative capacity of macrophages was studied. it was demonstrated that 125i-albumin incorporation as well as its intracellular fate by mouse peritoneal or tumor j774-g8 macrophages was greatly reduced when they were treated with excreted factor (ef). ef appears to alter also membrane properties in addition to its intracellular effect. the results are discussed in relation to th ...	1983	6618682
the use of dna probes in the identification of leishmanias: discrimination between isolates of the leishmania mexicana and l. braziliensis complexes.	kinetoplast dna (kdna), initially characterized by buoyant density, from ten reference isolates of the leishmania braziliensis and l. mexicana complexes has been radio-actively labelled and used as hybridization probes. filters containing endonuclease digested, electrophoresed, southern transferred fragments of kdna from reference and other isolates sent to us for dna typing have been tested for kdna sequence homology. we record a complete lack of sequence homology between kdna of any isolate of ...	1983	6623584
specific ige antibodies to leishmania braziliensis in patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.	a total of 116 sera of patients suffering from south american mucocutaneous leishmaniasis were analysed using the rast (l. braziliensis-specific) and rist techniques. results of total and specific ige levels were correlated with different clinical stages of the disease. the level of total and specific ige appeared to be higher among patients with cutaneous ulcers than among those presenting mucocutaneous lesions, i.e. espundia. furthermore, non-treated patients presented higher concentrations of ...	1983	6625531
an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in guyana: epidemiology, clinical and laboratory aspects.	an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis reached epidemic proportions among military personnel in guyana during the period from november, 1977 to march, 1980. as the patients presented from widely separated areas of the hinterland it is likely that cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic throughout the virgin tropical rain forest of guyana, although infection is normally sporadic. a striking clinical feature was the 'spirotrichoid' involvement of the draining lymphatics and nodes in half the cases, whi ...	1983	6625725
presence of psychodopygus wellcomei (diptera: psychodidae), a proven vector of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, in ceará state.		1983	6645954