Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10338248 | |
| fatal case due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus small colony variants in an aids patient. | we describe the first known case of a fatal infection with small colony variants of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a patient with aids. recovered from three blood cultures as well as from a deep hip abscess, these variants may have resulted from long-term antimicrobial therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10341185 |
| [bronchiectasia in hiv-positive patients]. | between july 1995 and july 1997 we diagnosed bronchiectasis confirmed by ct scan chest in 25 (18 men and 7 women) out of 295 hospitalised patients with hiv infection who suffered from lower respiratory infection. median age at time of diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 32 years old. the patients were mostly intravenous drug addicts. in all cases a previous pulmonary infection was revealed (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia) with impairment of immune status (cd4 media ... | 1999 | 10349123 |
| recurrent pneumocystis carinii colonization in a heart-lung transplant recipient on long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis. | in the setting of organ transplantation, prior to prophylaxis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) had been a common clinical problem, particularly in heart-lung and lung recipients who receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy to prevent allograft rejection. continuous oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) has been highly effective in preventing pcp in these patients. | 1999 | 10226906 |
| the changing face of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | the classic presentation of pcp is a bilateral interstitial pattern, which may be characterized as finely granular, reticular, or ground-glass opacities. when chest radiographic findings are normal or equivocal, high-resolution ct may be helpful because it is more sensitive than chest radiography for detecting pcp. the typical ct finding is extensive ground-glass attenuation. the face of pcp is changing. the classic radiographic presentation is being encountered less frequently. increasingly rec ... | 1999 | 10227507 |
| enteroviral meningoencephalitis as a complication of x-linked hyper igm syndrome. | we describe 5 children from 2 families with mutations in the cd40 ligand (cd40l) gene leading to absent expression of cd40l on activated cd4 cells. all subjects presented with interstitial pneumonia with low serum igg and normal serum igm. one child had normal and one child had elevated serum iga. four had confirmed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in spite of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment yielding therapeutic serum immunoglobulin levels, 3 children had enteroviral encephalitis. when asses ... | 1999 | 10228294 |
| detection of rat pneumocystis carinii proteinases and elastase and antipneumocystis activity of proteinase inhibitors in vitro. | proteinases play an important role in survival of microorganisms and in pathogenicity of diseases. by using a modified sds-gelatin-polyacrylamide gel system, proteinases of rat-p.carinii were detected as bands of proteolytic digestion after electrophoresis. p.carinii organisms obtained from dexamethasone immunosuppressed transtracheally infected rats were cultured in spinner flask suspension cultures to minimize host cell contamination. at ph 8.3, seven pc-specific proteolytic bands were detecte ... | 1999 | 10229932 |
| radionuclide imaging of nonosseous infection. | nuclear medicine is an important tool in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with a variety of nonosseous infections. in the immunocompetent population labeled leukocyte imaging is the radionuclide procedure of choice, with gallium imaging reserved for those situations in which the leukocyte study is nondiagnostic or cannot be performed. fever of unknown origin is caused by infection in less than one-third of cases, and therefore the number of positive leukocyte studies will be relatively low. ... | 1999 | 10230281 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a child receiving acth for infantile spasms. | 1999 | 10230930 | |
| pulmonary infiltrates in liver transplant recipients in the intensive care unit. | a frequent dilemma is discerning the likelihood of pneumonia and the need for empiric antibiotic therapy in liver transplant recipients with pulmonary infiltrates in the intensive care unit (icu). | 1999 | 10232564 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary surfactant. | 1999 | 10235122 | |
| inhibition of lung surfactant protein b expression during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mice. | the pathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) suggests an important role for dysfunction of the pulmonary surfactant system in the hypoxemic respiratory insufficiency associated with this infection. surfactant protein b (sp-b) is a hydrophobic protein shown to be essential for normal surfactant function in vivo. therefore, we hypothesized that the inhibition of sp-b expression occurs during pcp, and we tested this hypothesis in two immunodeficient animal models. pcp was induced in c.b ... | 1999 | 10235125 |
| abnormalities of serum amylase and lipase in hiv-positive patients. | we sought to study asymptomatic pancreatic enzyme abnormalities in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1999 | 10235202 |
| escalating multiple-dose safety and tolerance study of oral wr 6026 in hiv-infected subjects: aids clinical trials group 173. | wr 6026 is an 8-aminoquinoline with activity against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in an animal model of p. carinii pneumonia that has predicted the clinical utility of related compounds. this study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerance of wr 6026 given once daily for 21 days to hiv-infected subjects with cd4 counts <500 cells/microl. this double-blind, placebo-controlled study employed wr 6026 doses starting at 30 mg once daily and increasing to 60, 90, 120, or 150 mg once daily. ... | 1999 | 10235511 |
| viral and pneumocystis carinii infections of the lung in the immunocompromised host. | viruses and pneumocystis carinii are significant causes of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, particularly patients with impaired cell-mediated immunity. they are often simultaneously considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse pneumonitis in these patients and, because radiographic appearances and the periods of vulnerability to these infections may overlap, may be difficult to differentiate. this article will correlate radiographic findings to evolving histopathologic changes in ... | 1999 | 9894951 |
| high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy with corticosteroids in previously intolerant patients with aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10086465 | |
| elevated non-transferrin bound iron in the lungs of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the aim of the present work was to determine the concentrations of iron and iron-binding proteins in the lungs of patients suffering from pneumocystis carinii (pcp), which is crucial for justifying the treatment with iron-chelating agents in this disease. | 1999 | 10090500 |
| synthesis and antiparasitic and antitumor activity of 2, 4-diamino-6-(arylmethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline analogues of piritrexim. | nineteen previously undescribed 2,4-diamino-6-(arylmethyl)-5,6,7, 8-tetrahydroquinazolines (5a-m, 10-12) were synthesized as part of a larger effort to assess the therapeutic potential of lipophilic dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors against opportunistic infections of aids. condensation of appropriately substituted (arylmethyl)triphenylphosphoranes with 4, 4-ethylenedioxycyclohexanone, followed by hydrogenation (h2/pd-c) and acidolysis, yielded the corresponding 4-(arylmethyl)cyclohexano ... | 1999 | 10090784 |
| laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infections by pcr directed to genes encoding for mitochondrial 5s and 28s ribosomal rna. | pcr with 5s mitochondrial ribosomal rna (5s) target is a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of pneumocystis carinii in clinical specimens from the respiratory tract. we developed an oligonucleotide probe directed to a 200 bp amplicon generated by fungal-specific universal primers that anneals with sequences specific for p. carinii in the 28s ribosomal rna gene (28s). of 50 archived bronchoalveolar lavage 1(bal) specimens, 46 of 50 samples (92% agreement) gave the same result (23 posi ... | 1999 | 10092964 |
| [dyspnea, fever in immunodeficiency. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1999 | 10097644 | |
| application of random effects models and other methods to the analysis of multidimensional quality of life data in an aids clinical trial. | current analytic methods applied to multidimensional health-related quality of life (hrqol) data do not borrow strength across analyses and do not produce summary estimates of effect. | 1999 | 10098569 |
| acute spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a child with hodgkin's disease and pulmonary fibrosis. | a case of acute spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 13-year-old boy suffering from hodgkin's disease and pulmonary fibrosis is reported. he was initially treated for pneumocystis carinii but his respiratory function progressively deteriorated, and fibrosis secondary to bleomycin was suspected. the day before the admission to the pediatric intensive care unit the patient complained of anterior thoracic pain, and a chest x-ray revealed a left-sided small spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastin ... | 1999 | 10100279 |
| improved survival among hiv-infected patients after initiation of triple-drug antiretroviral regimens. | the efficacy of triple-drug antiretroviral regimens in the treatment of patients infected with hiv has been established in several randomized clinical trials. however, the effectiveness of these new regimens in patient populations outside clinical trials remain unproven. this study compared mortality and aids-free survival among hiv-infected patients in british columbia who were treated with double- and triple-drug regimens. | 1999 | 10102000 |
| viruses and bacteria in bronchial samples from patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. | viruses and bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, protected specimen brush samples, and bronchial biopsies from 14 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia (11 patients with common variable immunodeficiency [cvid] and three patients with x-linked agammaglobulinemia [xla]) were analyzed. at the time of the study, the patients had no signs of acute respiratory infections, and no antibiotics were administered. in addition to routine bacterial and viral cultures, polymerase chain reaction te ... | 1999 | 10194166 |
| ligand-induced conformational changes in the crystal structures of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase complexes with folate and nadp+. | structural data from two independent crystal forms (p212121 and p21) of the folate (fa) binary complex and from the ternary complex with the oxidized coenzyme, nadp+, and recombinant pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr) refined to an average of 2.15 a resolution, show the first evidence of ligand-induced conformational changes in the structure of pcdhfr. these data are also compared with the crystal structure of the ternary complex of methotrexate (mtx) with nadph and pcdhfr in ... | 1999 | 10194348 |
| pneumocystosis versus pulmonary pneumocystis carinii colonization in hiv-negative and hiv-positive patients. | 1999 | 10197390 | |
| prognostic value of plasma hiv rna in the natural history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and mycobacterium avium complex. multicenter aids cohort study. | to use follow-up on untreated hiv-positive men to assess the prognostic information provided by baseline data on plasma hiv rna, cd4 cell count, age, and hiv-related symptom status, separately for three specific aids-defining illnesses: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 1999 | 10199224 |
| bone marrow macrophage iron grade and survival of hiv-seropositive patients. | increased iron stores predispose to certain microbial infections. this association might be especially important in patients whose immune system is impaired by hiv. this study examined the relationship between iron stores and the survival times of patients with hiv infection. | 1999 | 10199228 |
| the impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the characteristics of hospitalized patients with hiv infection. | despite advances in antiretroviral treatment, a large number of hiv-infected patients still require hospitalization. this study describes the characteristics of hiv patients requiring hospitalization before and after the advent of potent antiretroviral therapies. | 1999 | 10199233 |
| evidence for cdc2 gene in pneumocystis carinii hominis and its implication for culture. | 1999 | 10199234 | |
| hypercalcaemia caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while in leukaemic remission. | 1999 | 10200829 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1999 | 10201241 | |
| access and use of medications in hiv disease. | to examine if measures of access to medical care are associated with outpatient use of antiretroviral and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) medications among a cohort of individuals with hiv disease. | 1999 | 10201855 |
| the lung in the immunocompromised patient. infectious complications part 1. | pulmonary infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunosuppressed patient. among the infections encountered are pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterial, fungal, and bacterial infection. in this review, we will discuss these various possible infections, their frequency of occurrence, and their clinical presentation in the various immunosuppressed groups. | 1999 | 10202312 |
| aids diagnoses at higher cd4 counts in australia following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment. | to assess whether aids cases in australia have been diagnosed at higher cd4 counts since the widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral treatment (haart) in mid-1996. | 1999 | 10202833 |
| predictors of survival and eradication of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia (mac) in aids patients in the canadian randomized mac treatment trial. canadian hiv trials network protocol 010 study group. | to assess the importance of baseline characteristics including medical history, indicators of current disease status, therapeutic drug use, in vitro drug susceptibility, immune status and mycobacterial load on bacteriologic response and survival in hiv-positive patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia. | 1999 | 10203382 |
| latent pneumocystis carinii infection in commercial rat colonies: comparison of inductive immunosuppressants plus histopathology, pcr, and serology as detection methods. | histopathologic evaluation combined with a period of immunosuppression has been the standard procedure for detection of pneumocystis carinii in commercial rat colonies. variation in induction regimens and in the sensitivity of detection methods may result in underreporting of the presence of p. carinii in breeding colonies or delay its detection. in the present study, methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide were evaluated for the ability to induce p. carinii infection in rats from an enzooticall ... | 1999 | 10203502 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the federal republic of germany in the era of changing antiretroviral therapy - idkf 13 -. german aids study group (gasg/idkf). | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is one of the most common aids defining diagnoses. | 1999 | 10205287 |
| an hiv autopsy--characterization of zidovudine-resistant subtype e hiv-1 from autopsy tissue suggests the route of infection and an alternative protocol of therapy. | this cpc concerns a 47-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the patient became symptomatic when he developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but recovered sufficiently to be treated as an outpatient. two years after falling ill, he developed septic shock and died within a short time. during this period, he failed to respond to hiv drugs, and there was no improvement in his immunodeficient status. the hiv retrieved from the patient's organs at autopsy was found to ... | 1999 | 10206018 |
| defects of t-cell effector function and post-thymic maturation in x-linked hyper-igm syndrome. | x-linked hyper-igm syndrome (xhim) results from mutations in the gene encoding for cd40 ligand (cd154). patients with the syndrome suffer from infections with opportunistic pathogens such as cryptosporidium and pneumocystis carinii. in this study, we demonstrate that activated t cells from patients with xhim produce markedly reduced levels of ifn-gamma, fail to induce antigen-presenting cells to synthesize il-12, and induce greatly reduced levels of tnf-alpha. in addition, we show that the patie ... | 1999 | 10207167 |
| performance of an algorithm to detect pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in symptomatic hiv-infected persons. pulmonary complications of hiv infection study group. | to determine whether an algorithm consisting of a chest radiograph and the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (d(lco)) is effective in detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in symptomatic hiv-infected persons; and to establish a benchmark for future comparisons of alternative algorithms. | 1999 | 10208204 |
| discrimination of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii and pneumocystis carinii f. sp. ratti using the polymerase chain reaction. | the rat model of pneumocystis carinii infection is widely used for the study of this non-culturable pathogen. two genetically divergent <<special forms>> of the organism have been detected in infected rat lungs, p. carinii formae specialis carinii and p. carinii formae specialis ratti, in some cases as a co-infection. we have developed a simple and rapid method to analyse rat-derived p. carinii samples, based on dna amplification of a portion of the gene encoding the mitochondrial large subunit ... | 1999 | 10208806 |
| cell surface protease prt1 identified in the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | the subtelomeric regions of the chromosomes of many organisms contain gene families that allow adaptation to a changing environment. in a number of parasites, these subtelomeric gene families encode cell surface proteins that undergo antigenic variation. proteases are another important virulence determinant in pathogenic microorganisms. we report the localization of the prt1 protease of the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii sp. f. carinii, encoded by a subtelomeric gene family, to the cell ... | 1999 | 10209745 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases: the role of hospital experience in diagnosis and mortality. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii has been increasingly reported in patients with connective tissue diseases, but the frequency of this complication is not known. we sought to determine the frequency of p carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with connective tissue diseases, and to determine the role that a hospital's acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related experience may have in the diagnosis of pcp in these patients. | 1999 | 10211894 |
| determinants of survival in hiv-positive patients. | variation in the clinical stage at which aids is diagnosed has hindered the ability of investigators to generate survival estimates which are stable across study cohorts. as a result, little is known about how clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with survival, independent of aids diagnosis stage. by estimating survival following seroconversion while adjusting for baseline cd4 lymphocyte count, the present study generated survival determinants which were unconfounded by time-rela ... | 1999 | 10215125 |
| withdrawal of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10218521 | |
| discontinuation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after start of highly active antiretroviral therapy in hiv-1 infection. eurosida study group. | highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has improved rates of cd4-lymphocyte recovery and decreased the incidence of hiv-1-related morbidity and mortality. we assessed whether prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) can be safely discontinued after haart is started. | 1999 | 10218526 |
| determinants of short- and long-term outcome in patients with respiratory failure caused by aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine (1) predictors of in-hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with acute respiratory failure (arf) caused by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and (2) long-term survival for patients with arf relative to those without arf. | 1999 | 10218755 |
| discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected adults treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. swiss hiv cohort study. | it is unclear whether primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can be discontinued in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who are successfully treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. we prospectively studied the safety of stopping prophylaxis among patients in the swiss hiv cohort study. | 1999 | 10219064 |
| does pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis still need to be lifelong? | 1999 | 10219072 | |
| is streptococcus pneumoniae the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? a microbiologic study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | although a wide variety of recognized pathogens can cause community-acquired pneumonia, in many patients the etiology remains unknown after routine diagnostic workup. the aim of this study was to identify the causal agent in these patients by obtaining lung aspirates with transthoracic needle aspiration. | 1999 | 10225239 |
| concurrent infection with legionella pneumophila and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with adult t cell leukemia. | a 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with high fever, chills, cough, and exertional dyspnea. on admission, the chest roentgenogram and computed tomography scan showed bilateral alveolar infiltration in the middle and lower lung fields. microscopic examination of the bronchial lavage fluid showed flower cells typical for adult t-cell leukemia (atl) and cysts of pneumocystis carinii, and legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 grew on buffered charcoal yeast extract (bcye)-alpha agar. the p ... | 1999 | 10225673 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in mutant mice deficient in both tcralphabeta and tcrgammadelta cells: cytokine and antibody responses. | resistance to pneumocystis carinii is achieved through cell-mediated and humoral immunity, but the interplay between these two systems in the immunocompetent host is not fully understood. tcrbetaxdelta-/- double-mutant mice deficient of all t cell populations naturally acquired p. carinii pneumonia with lethal consequences. moribund mutants displayed numbers of pulmonary pathogens comparable to rag-1-/- mice lacking all functional t and b lymphocytes. pulmonary lavage cells of diseased tcrbetaxd ... | 1999 | 9878031 |
| pneumocysterol [(24z)-ethylidenelanost-8-en-3beta-ol], a rare sterol detected in the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii hominis: structural identity and chemical synthesis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) remains among the most prevalent opportunistic infections among aids patients. currently, drugs used clinically for deep mycosis act by binding ergosterol or disrupting its biosynthesis. although classified as a fungus, p. carinii lacks ergosterol. instead, the pathogen synthesizes a number of distinct delta7, 24-alkylsterols, despite the abundance of cholesterol, which it can scavenge from the lung alveolus. thus, the pathogen-specific sterols appear vital f ... | 1999 | 9874778 |
| intranasal immunization confers protection against murine pneumocystis carinii lung infection. | to evaluate the feasibility of mucosal immunization against pneumocystis carinii (pc) experimental infection, female balb/c mice were intranasally immunized three times with soluble pc antigens plus cholera toxin fraction b (pc-ctb); control groups received either pc antigen, ctb, or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) alone. two weeks after the last immunization, five animals from each group were sacrificed, and cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. the remaining five mice were cd4 ... | 1999 | 9916094 |
| urokinase-type plasminogen activator in inflammatory cell recruitment and host defense against pneumocystis carinii in mice. | effective host defense against pneumocystis carinii depends upon the integrated actions of inflammatory cells and mediators in the lungs. using immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice, our laboratory has defined inflammatory changes in the lungs in response to p. carinii. however, the essential molecules and mechanisms required for cellular recruitment and for host defense against p. carinii are undefined. we hypothesized that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (upa), a protease intimately i ... | 1999 | 9916103 |
| successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in four children with malignant disease and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | toxic deaths due to intensified treatment are of increasing concern in view of the generally improved prognosis for children with malignancies. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during immunosuppressive treatment in children with malignancies is a severe complication with a poor prognosis if mechanical ventilation is required. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is a recognized technique that provides temporary respiratory support for patients with intractable respiratory failure. | 1999 | 9917749 |
| discontinuation of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-1-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. | prophylactic drugs for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are strongly recommended for hiv-1-infected patients with cd4 cell counts of less than 200 cells/microl. because of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) currently available, we speculated that prophylaxis can be discontinued in patients with cd4 cell counts of more than 200 cells/microl. | 1999 | 9923876 |
| bilateral upper-lobe cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on dapsone prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) presenting as bilateral upper-lobe cavitary disease is rare. isolated upper-lobe involvement has traditionally been associated with aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. dapsone is a cheap and effective prophylactic agent against p carinii in patients who cannot tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. this is a case of a man who presented with bilateral upper-lobe cavitary p carinii pneumonia despite being on dapsone prophylaxis. bronchoalveolar lavage was neg ... | 1999 | 10037118 |
| pneumocystis carinii severe pneumonia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in thailand: the effect of a primary prophylaxis strategy. | a knowledge of the epidemiology of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is important for the development of a strategy for primary pcp prophylaxis and empiric treatment for severe pneumonia in hiv-infected children. however, little is known about the epidemiology of pcp in developing countries. objective. to measure the relative rate of pcp among hospitalized hiv-infected children with severe pneumonia in bangkok and evaluate the effect of a strategy of primary pcp prophylaxis in hiv-exposed inf ... | 1999 | 10048687 |
| effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on bacterial illness, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and death in persons with aids. | to measure the effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in preventing bacterial illness, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and death in people with aids, we conducted a retrospective medical record review of 1078 persons who were observed for 3 years on average who attended nine outpatient facilities in seattle, washington between january 1990 and april 1996. we calculated relative risk estimates to measure the protective effect of tmp-smx on the development of major bacterial illne ... | 1999 | 10048909 |
| continuous axenic cultivation of pneumocystis carinii. | continuous axenic culture of pneumocystis carinii has been achieved. a culture vessel is used that allows for frequent medium exchange without disturbance of organisms that grow attached to a collagen-coated porous membrane. the growth medium is based on minimal essential medium with earle's salt supplemented with s-adenosyl-l-methionine, putrescine, ferric pyrophosphate, n-acetyl glucosamine, putrescine, p-aminobenzoic acid, l-cysteine and l-glutamine, and horse serum. incubation is in room air ... | 1999 | 10051654 |
| should prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients ever be discontinued? | solid organ transplant recipients are at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), but the risk of pcp beyond 1 year is poorly defined. we identified 25 cases of pcp in 1,299 patients undergoing solid organ transplantation between 1987 and 1996 at the cleveland clinic foundation (4.8 cases per 1,000 person transplant-years [pty]). ten (36%) of 28 pcp cases (transplantation was performed before 1987 in three cases) occurred > or = 1 year after transplantation, and no patient developed pcp wh ... | 1999 | 10064238 |
| editorial response: prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients--as long as the pros outweigh the cons. | 1999 | 10064239 | |
| human immunodeficiency virus-associated fever of unknown origin: a study of 70 patients in the united states and review. | to characterize the clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated fever of unknown origin (fuo) in the united states, we performed a retrospective analysis of cases that fulfilled specific criteria (published by durack and street in 1991) at two medical centers in the united states between 1992 and 1997. seventy cases met criteria for hiv-associated fuo; the mean cd4 cell count was 58/mm3, and the mean duration of fever was 42 days. a cause of fuo was found in 56 of the 70 c ... | 1999 | 10064253 |
| gamma interferon stimulates rat alveolar macrophages to kill pneumocystis carinii by l-arginine- and tumor necrosis factor-dependent mechanisms. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains a serious complication for immunocompromised patients. in the present study, p. carinii organisms interacted with gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (ams) to activate the l-arginine-dependent cytocidal pathway involving reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) that were assayed as nitrite (no2-). unstimulated cultures of ams produced negligible quantities of rni. addition of p. carinii organisms to ifn-gamma-primed ams resulted in gre ... | 1999 | 10024581 |
| [pneumocystis carinii is still a dangerous opportunist. the infection is continuously a threat to immunocompromised patients]. | despite recent decrease in the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among patients infected with hiv (human immunodeficiency virus), pcp remains a threat to other categories of immunocompromised patients. the article provides an outline of recent, mainly molecular genetic, findings in p. carinii research, including its new classification as a primitive fungus, host specificity and verified de novo infection in hiv-infected subjects. as the pathogen still defies propagation in vitro, ... | 1999 | 10024821 |
| immunological features of pneumocystis carinii infection in humans. | 1999 | 10066645 | |
| opportunistic pneumocystis carinii infection in red-bellied tamarins (saguinus labiatus). | p. carinii infection in red-bellied tamarins (saguinus labiatus), born and maintained in a laboratory breeding colony, was examined by histopathologic examination postmortem. p. carinii cysts were detected in 6 of 10 red-bellied tamarins examined, by using grocott's, toluidine blue o and immunostaining with avidin-biotin complex using antisera for rat-, simian-, and human-p. carinii. the results obtained from the present studies imply that p. carinii may be an important pathogen in this species. | 1999 | 10067208 |
| seasonal dynamics of pneumocystis carinii in the field vole, microtus agrestis, and in the common shrew, sorex araneus, in finland. | seasonal dynamics of pneumocystis carinii in the field vole, microtus agrestis, and in the common shrew, sorex araneus, were investigated in southern and central finland by microscopical examination of methenamine silver-stained tissue sections. in both host species at both localities the number of p. carinii cyst forms was highest in late autumn (november). in s. araneus, prevalence was higher than in m. agrestis during all seasons. none of the animals was heavily infected or apparently ill, an ... | 1999 | 10070655 |
| ifn-gamma and cd8+ t cells restore host defenses against pneumocystis carinii in mice depleted of cd4+ t cells. | host defenses against infection are profoundly compromised in hiv-infected hosts due to progressive depletion of cd4+ t lymphocytes and defective cell-mediated immunity. although recent advances in antiretroviral therapy can dramatically lower hiv viral load, blood cd4+ t lymphocytes are not restored to normal levels. therefore, we investigated mechanisms of host defense other than those involving cd4+ t lymphocytes against a common hiv-related opportunistic infection, pneumocystis carinii (pc) ... | 1999 | 10072538 |
| pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate and dapsone in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate and dapsone in aids patients with moderate to severe pneumocystis pneumonia. trimetrexate, leucovorin, and dapsone were administered for 21 +/- 3 days in the following doses: trimetrexate glucuronate, 45 mg/m2; leucovorin, 20 mg/m2; and dapsone, 100 mg daily. the pharmacokinetics of trimetrexate, dapsone, and dapsone's metabolite, monoacetyldapsone, were determined at three separate periods over the course of treat ... | 1999 | 10073326 |
| in vitro suicide inhibition of self-splicing of a group i intron from pneumocystis carinii by an n3' --> p5' phosphoramidate hexanucleotide. | binding enhancement by tertiary interactions is a strategy that takes advantage of the higher order folding of functionally important rnas to bind short nucleic acid-based compounds tightly and more specifically than possible by simple base pairing. for example, tertiary interactions enhance binding of specific hexamers to a group i intron ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii by 1,000- to 100,000-fold relative to binding by only base pairing. one such hexamer, d(antngnan ... | 1999 | 10077580 |
| a new family of pneumocystis carinii genes related to those encoding the major surface glycoprotein. | a new family of pneumocystis carinii genes (called msr for msg-related) that encodes peptides related to the major surface glycoprotein (msg) is described. members of the msr sequence family are linked to msg genes and are located near the ends of at least 13 chromosomes. transcripts encoding different msr isoforms were present in a single population of p. carinii f. sp. carinii, showing that multiple msr genes were expressed. two size classes of msr mrna, 2.4 and 3.5 kb, were detected. both siz ... | 1999 | 10079332 |
| animal pneumocystosis: a model for man. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients with aids. apart from aids, cases of pneumocystosis have been reported in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy associated with organ transplantation without chemoprophylaxis and in malignant blood diseases. in vitro models are only of limited interest because there is no continuous in vitro culture. the in vivo models have contributed a great deal to the understanding of human pneu ... | 1999 | 10081109 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with pneumocystis carinii infection in a liver transplant patient receiving tacrolimus. | we report on a case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) after liver transplantation and tacrolimus based immunosuppression. radiologically, bilateral diffuse interstitial shadowing and patchy alveolar infiltrates developed after switching the patient from cyclosporin a to tacrolimus for persistent rejection. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid showed inflammatory cells but no pathogenic organisms. open lung biopsy revealed b ... | 1999 | 10081638 |
| breakthrough pneumocystis carinii infections in lung and heart-lung transplant patients with chemoprophylaxis. | 1999 | 10083076 | |
| toxicity and efficacy of daily vs. weekly dapsone for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. actg 179 study team. aids clinical trials group. | dapsone is an alternative drug for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in individuals intolerant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (t/s). there are, however, few data on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity or efficacy of dapsone in children. design. randomized, multicenter trial comparing daily (1 or 2 mg/kg) with weekly (4 mg/kg) dapsone regimens in 94 hiv-infected children intolerant to t/s. | 1999 | 10353516 |
| relationship between event rates and treatment effects in clinical site differences within multicenter trials: an example from primary pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | the results of multicenter clinical trials may differ across participating clinical sites. we present a diagnostic approach for evaluating this diversity that emphasizes the relationship between the observed event rates and treatment effects. we use as an example a trial of sequential strategies of pneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus infection with 842 patients randomly allocated to start prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, dapsone, or pentamidine. prophylaxis fa ... | 1999 | 10357498 |
| long-term survival after liver transplantation. | liver transplantation (lt) remains a high-risk operation, especially during the first months after lt when technical complications and preexisting illness exert their influence on survival. however, there are late deaths. the authors have reviewed their experience to identify factors impacting on long-term survival. | 1999 | 10359193 |
| alveolar macrophage interactions with pneumocystis carinii. | 1999 | 10360627 | |
| sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and clinical validity of provider-reported symptoms: a comparison with self-reported symptoms. outcomes committee of the aids clinical trials group. | if symptoms are to be recognized and effectively addressed in clinical research, they must be collected using sensitive, specific, reliable, and clinically meaningful methods. | 1999 | 10360804 |
| relationships between topoisomerase ii inhibition, sequence-specificity and dna binding mode of dicationic diphenylfuran derivatives. | four diphenylfuran derivatives possessing different dicationic terminal side chains were used to investigate sequence-specific binding to dna and poisoning of human topoisomerase ii. footprinting experiments with a range of dna substrates attest that all four drugs bind selectively to at-rich sequences in dna. however, the quantitative analysis of the footprinting profiles reveals significant differences in terms of at-selectivity according to the nature of the basic side chains. furimidazoline ... | 1999 | 10363027 |
| the lung in the immunocompromised patient. infectious complications part 2. | pulmonary infections decisively contribute to morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. bacterial, mycobacterial and infections with pneumocystis carinii have been reviewed in an article in the last issue of respiration. in this review, viral and fungal pulmonary infections are discussed in hiv-positive patients and in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell or solid-organ transplantation. | 1999 | 10364733 |
| mechanisms of disease and injury: utilization of mutants, monoclonals, and molecular methods. | rapid advances in our ability to localize and quantify macromolecular changes in health and disease are being brought about by the availability of genetically altered animals (mutants), purified reagents such as monoclonal antibodies, and new molecular methods. targeted gene deletion (knockouts) and gene insertions (transgenics) in animals can allow identification of the importance and function of macromolecules. monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent labels coupled with advances in microscopy pr ... | 1999 | 10367685 |
| rapid disease progression in hiv-1 perinatally infected children born to mothers receiving zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy. the italian register for hiv infection in children. | to investigate the outcome in children perinatally infected with hiv-1 whose mothers received zidovudine (zdv) monotherapy in pregnancy. | 1999 | 10371173 |
| reasons for failure of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10371182 | |
| allergic pancytopenia to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. | 1999 | 10371291 | |
| concurrent pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pneumonia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. | a 46-year-old woman developed concurrent cmv and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) 140 days after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (apbsct) for aml. she was seropositive for cmv before undergoing apbsct and had required prednisone for immune thrombocytopenia and allergic dermatitis for 9 weeks prior to the onset of pneumonia. she had also been receiving pcp prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosol every month for 3 months before developing symptoms. the pneumonia was complica ... | 1999 | 10373078 |
| pneumocystis carinii genotypes and severity of pneumonia. | 1999 | 10376625 | |
| chemokine gene expression during pneumocystis carinii-driven pulmonary inflammation. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice lack functional lymphocytes and therefore develop pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, when infected scid mice are immunologically reconstituted with congenic spleen cells, a protective inflammatory cascade is initiated. proinflammatory cytokines are produced, and lymphocytes and macrophages are recruited specifically to alveolar sites of infection. importantly, uninfected regions of the lung remain free from inflammatory involvement, suggesting th ... | 1999 | 10377126 |
| phthalein derivatives as a new tool for selectivity in thymidylate synthase inhibition. | a new set of phthalein derivatives stemming from the lead compound, phenolphthalein, were designed to specifically complement structural features of a bacterial form of thymidylate synthase (lactobacillus casei, lcts) versus the human ts (hts) enzyme. the new compounds were screened for their activity and their specificity against ts enzymes from different species, namely, l. casei (lcts), pneumocystis carinii (pcts), cryptococcus neoformans (cnts), and human thymidylate synthase (hts). apparent ... | 1999 | 10377217 |
| 2,4-diphenyl furan diamidines as novel anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | dicationic 2,4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furans 5-10 and 2, 4-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-3,5-dimethylfurans 14 and 15 have been synthesized. thermal melting studies revealed high binding affinity of the compounds to poly(da-dt) and to the duplex oligomer d(cgcgaattcgcg)2. all of the new compounds were effective against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunosuppressed rat model with up to 200-fold increase in activity compared to the control compound pentamidine. no toxicity was noted for 5, 7-10 at th ... | 1999 | 10377232 |
| synthesis of classical and a nonclassical 2-amino-4-oxo-6-methyl-5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | compounds 2-5 were designed as potential antifolate nonpolyglutamatable inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts). these analogues are structurally related to 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted quinazolines and 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines which have shown excellent inhibition of ts and, for the quinazoline, significant promise as clinically useful antitumor agents. compounds 2-4 were synthesized by appropriate amine exchange reactions on pivaloyl-protected 5-dimethylaminomethyl ... | 1999 | 10377234 |
| the relation between physician experience and patterns of care for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: results from a survey of 1,500 physicians in the united states. | to determine whether physician experience and specialty influence the approach to care of aids patients with pneumonia, we surveyed physicians about their management of possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) infection. | 1999 | 10378549 |
| the management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 10383536 | |
| variations in the care of hiv-infected adults in the united states: results from the hiv cost and services utilization study. | studies of selected populations suggest that not all persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) receive adequate care. | 1999 | 10386555 |
| variation of antigenicity and serological reaction to pneumocystis carinii in korea. | the present study observed the variation of antigenicity of pneumocystis carinii and serum igg antibody reaction to the antigens from different localities in korea. antigens of rat p. carinii and sera of inhabitants were collected at chunchon. chungju, kwangju, and seoul during 1995-1996. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot were used for immune reaction. absorbance of 1,294 human sera ranged between 0.01 and 0.93. sera from chunchon showed higher absorbances than those from other ar ... | 1999 | 10388269 |
| pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and antitumor agents: synthesis and biological activities of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl] pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. | thirteen 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(monosubstituted anilino)methyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines 5-17 were synthesized as potential pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors and as antitumor agents. compounds 5-17 were designed to investigate the structure-activity relationship of monomethoxy and monohalide substitution in the phenyl ring and n10-methylation of the c9-n10 bridge. the synthetic route to compounds 5-12 involved the reductive amination ... | 1999 | 10395486 |
| atovaquone suspension compared with aerosolized pentamidine for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects intolerant of trimethoprim or sulfonamides. | atovaquone suspensions (750 mg and 1500 mg once a day) were compared with aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg once a month) for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection who were intolerant to trimethoprim or sulfonamides (or both). median time using the assigned therapy was 6.6 months, and the median follow-up was 11.3 months. intent-to-treat analyses (n=549) showed no statistically significant differences among subjects wit ... | 1999 | 10395851 |