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occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products and meat processing plants in spain.the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in several types of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products and in the environment of meat processing plants. a total of 129 samples of rte meat products and 110 samples from work surfaces and equipment were analyzed. l. monocytogenes was detected in 6 out of 35 cooked products (17.14%), 21 out of 57 raw-cured products (36.84%), and 9 out of 37 dry-cured, salted products (24.32%). the number of sample units that exceeded the foo ...201528231204
spontaneous restoration of transplantation tolerance after acute rejection.transplantation is a cure for end-stage organ failure but, in the absence of pharmacological immunosuppression, allogeneic organs are acutely rejected. such rejection invariably results in allosensitization and accelerated rejection of secondary donor-matched grafts. transplantation tolerance can be induced in animals and a subset of humans, and enables long-term acceptance of allografts without maintenance immunosuppression. however, graft rejection can occur long after a state of transplantati ...201526151823
age-related gene expression differences in monocytes from human neonates, young adults, and older adults.a variety of age-related differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have been proposed to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection of human neonates and older adults. the emergence of rna sequencing (rna-seq) provides an opportunity to obtain an unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative view of gene expression differences in defined cell types from different age groups. an examination of ex vivo human monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide stimulation or listeria mono ...201526147648
cooperative transcriptional activation of antimicrobial genes by stat and nf-κb pathways by concerted recruitment of the mediator complex.the transcriptional response to infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes (lm) requires cooperative signals of the type i interferon (ifn-i)-stimulated jak-stat and proinflammatory nf-κb pathways. using chip-seq analysis, we define genes induced in lm-infected macrophages through synergistic transcriptional activation by nf-κb and the ifn-i-activated transcription factor isgf3. using the nos2 and il6 genes as prime examples of this group, we show that nf-κb functions to recruit enzymes ...201526146080
characterization of specific alleles in inla and prfa of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in osaka, japan and their ability to invade caco-2 cells.listeria monocytogenes expresses the surface protein internalin a (inla), enabling the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells to cause severe food-borne diseases. full-length sequence analysis of inla of 114 food isolates resulted in the detection of 29 isolates with a premature stop codon (pmsc) mutation and 6 isolates with 3-codon deletion mutations (aa 738 to 740) in inla. the isolates with inla pmscs demonstrated a significantly lower level of invasion than the other food isolates in ...201526143289
increased spread and replication efficiency of listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) complex.listeria (l.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. in ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) we recently showed that l. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated a, b and c). however, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster ...201526138984
myeloid sirtuin 2 expression does not impact long-term mycobacterium tuberculosis control.sirtuins (sirts) regulate several cellular mechanisms through deacetylation of several transcription factors and enzymes. recently, sirt2 was shown to prevent the development of inflammatory processes and its expression favors acute listeria monocytogenes infection. the impact of this molecule in the context of chronic infections remains unknown. we found that specific sirt2 deletion in the myeloid lineage transiently increased mycobacterium tuberculosis load in the lungs and liver of conditiona ...201526135889
defining and evaluating a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for whole-genome sequence-based typing of listeria monocytogenes.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) has emerged today as an ultimate typing tool to characterize listeria monocytogenes outbreaks. however, data analysis and interlaboratory comparability of wgs data are still challenging for most public health laboratories. therefore, we have developed and evaluated a new l. monocytogenes typing scheme based on genome-wide gene-by-gene comparisons (core genome multilocus the sequence typing [cgmlst]) to allow for a unique typing nomenclature. initially, we determined ...201526135865
using the chicken embryo to assess virulence of listeria monocytogenes and to model other microbial infections.microbial infections are a global health problem, particularly as microbes are continually developing resistance to antimicrobial treatments. an effective and reliable method for testing the virulence of different microbial pathogens is therefore a useful research tool. this protocol describes how the chicken embryo can be used as a trustworthy, inexpensive, ethically desirable and quickly accessible model to assess the virulence of the human bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes, which can ...201526134955
listeria meningitis complicating alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis--report of two cases.alemtuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the surface molecule cd52, leads to a rapid depletion of immune cells in the innate and adaptive immune system. in phase 2 and 3 trials in multiple sclerosis (ms), infections have been reported more frequently in alemtuzumab than in interferon beta treated patients. here we report two patients treated with alemtuzumab for ms developing listeria meningitis few days after the first infusion cycle. both patients recovered completely after promp ...201526132570
solitary supratentorial listeria monocytogenes brain abscess in an immunocompromised patient.we describe an 81-year-old man receiving azacitidine monotherapy for myelodysplastic syndrome who was improving from listeria monocytogenes bacteremia after receiving antibiotic therapy during an earlier hospital admission. shortly after discharge he developed new-onset seizure activity, with brain imaging on subsequent admissions demonstrating a posterior right frontal lobe mass. specimen cultures after resection of the mass revealed this to be a cerebral abscess related to l. monocytogenes. br ...201526130881
different types of stainless steel used in equipment in meat plants do not affect the initial microbial transfer, including pathogens, from pork skin.this study describes and measures the impact of different compositions and finishes of stainless steel used in equipment in the meat industry on the transfer of natural flora and selected pathogens from artificially contaminated pork skin. it is known that the adhesion to surfaces of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella, 2 pathogens frequently found in contaminated pork meat, depends on the nature and roughness of the surface. our results show no statistically significant differences in microbi ...201526130860
diadenylate cyclase evaluation of ssdaca (ssu98_1483) in streptococcus suis serotype 2.cyclic diadenosine monophosphate is a recently identified signaling molecule. it has been shown to play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis. ssu98_1483 (ssdaca), which is an ortholog of listeria monocytogenes daca, is a putative diadenylate cyclase in streptococcus suis serotype 2. in this study, we determined the enzymatic activity of ssdaca in vitro using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. our results showed that ssdaca was a diadenylate cyclase that converts a ...201526125899
ultraviolet-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on organic fruit surfaces.this study investigated uv-c light inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surface of organic apples, pears, strawberries, red raspberries and cantaloupes. fruit surfaces spot inoculated with cocktail strains of e. coli o157:h7 and l. monocytogenes were exposed to uv-c doses up to 11.9 kj/m(2) at 23 °c. fruit surface roughness, contact angle, and surface energy were determined and correlated with uv-c inactivation kinetics. results demonstrate that bacterial pa ...201526122954
rescue of cd8+ t cell vaccine memory following sublethal γ irradiation.sublethal γ irradiation eliminates cd8+ t cell mediated memory responses. in this work, we explored how these memory responses could be rescued in the aftermath of such exposure. we utilized two models of cd8+ t cell mediated immunity: a mouse model of listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection in which cd8+ t cells specific for lm expressed antigens (listeriolysin o, llo) can be tracked, and a murine skin graft model in which cd8+ t cells mediate rejection across a mhc class i (d(d)) disparity. in t ...201526122582
pathogen enrichment device (ped) enables one-step growth, enrichment and separation of pathogen from food matrices for detection using bioanalytical platforms.the bottleneck for accurate detection of foodborne pathogens is separation of target analytes from complex food matrices. currently used sample preparation methods are cumbersome, arduous and lengthy; thus, a user-friendly system is desirable. a hand-held sample preparation system designated pathogen enrichment device (ped) was built that contains a growth chamber, filters, and an ion exchange cartridge to deliver bacteria directly onto the detection platforms. escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonel ...201526211638
[construction and characterization of listeria monocytogenes deltahfq mutant strain].gram-positive brevibacterium listeria monocytogenes (lm) is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen, engaged in both saprophytism and parasitism. it could adapt, survive and display pathogenicity under different environmental stress challenges, which is associated with the regulatory network consisting of regulating factors. the biological characterizations of regulator hfq was evaluated in this study.201526211317
biopreservative methods to control the growth of foodborne pathogens on fresh-cut lettuce.fruits and vegetables can become contaminated by foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella and listeria monocytogenes, and it has been demonstrated that current industrial sanitizing treatments do not eliminate the pathogens when present. chemical control is widely used, but biological control appears to be a better solution, mainly using the native microbiota present on fresh produce. the first objective of this study was to isolate native microbiota from whole and fresh- ...201526210531
transcriptomic analysis of the adaptation of listeria monocytogenes to growth on vacuum-packed cold smoked salmon.the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is able to survive and grow in ready-to-eat foods, in which it is likely to experience a number of environmental stresses due to refrigerated storage and the physicochemical properties of the food. little is known about the specific molecular mechanisms underlying survival and growth of l. monocytogenes under different complex conditions on/in specific food matrices. transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) was used to understand the transcriptional landsc ...201526209664
prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulotyping of listeria species and listeria monocytogenes isolated from open-air fish markets.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characterization of listeria species and listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw fish and open-air fish market environments. eight hundred and sixty two samples including raw fish and fish market environments (samples from workers' hands, workers' knives, containers and work surface) were collected from the open-air fish markets in the northern region of iran.201526209099
efficacy of sanitizer treatments on survival and growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut pieces of cantaloupe during storage.for health reasons, people are consuming fresh-cut fruits with or without minimal processing and, thereby, exposing themselves to the risk of foodborne illness if such fruits are contaminated with bacterial pathogens. this study investigated survival and growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria transferred from cantaloupe rind surfaces to fresh-cut pieces during fresh-cut preparation. all human bacterial pathogens inoculat ...201526197279
an innate immune system-mimicking, real-time biosensing of infectious bacteria.an animal cell-based biosensor was investigated to monitor bacterial contamination in an unattended manner by mimicking the innate immune response. the cells (raw 264.7 cell line) were first attached onto the solid surfaces of a 96-well microtiter plate and co-incubated in the culture medium with a sample that might contain bacterial contaminants. as toll-like receptors were present on the cell membrane surfaces, they acted as a sentinel by binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamp ...201526193914
early effector cd8 t cells display plasticity in populating the short-lived effector and memory-precursor pools following bacterial or viral infection.naïve antigen-specific cd8 t cells expand in response to infection and can be phenotypically separated into distinct effector populations, which include memory precursor effector cells (mpecs) and short-lived effector cells (slecs). in the days before the peak of the t cell response, a third population called early effector cells (eecs) predominate the antigen-specific response. however, the contribution of the eec population to the cd8 t cell differentiation program during an antimicrobial immu ...201526191658
domain function dissection and catalytic properties of listeria monocytogenes p60 protein with bacteriolytic activity.the major extracellular protein p60 of listeria monocytogenes (lm-p60) is an autolysin that can hydrolyze the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell wall and has been shown to be required for l. monocytogenes virulence. the predicted three-dimensional structure of lm-p60 showed that lm-p60 could be split into two independent structural domains at the amino acid residue 270. conserved motif analysis showed that v30, d207, s395, and h444 are the key amino acid residues of the corresponding motifs. howeve ...201526363556
cutting edge: the orphan nuclear receptor nr4a1 regulates cd8+ t cell expansion and effector function through direct repression of irf4.the transcription factor ifn regulatory factor (irf)4 was shown to play a crucial role in the protective cd8(+) t cell response; however, regulation of irf4 expression in cd8(+) t cells remains unclear. in this article, we report a critical role for nr4a1 in regulating the expansion, differentiation, and function of cd8(+) t cells through direct transcriptional repression of irf4. without nr4a1, the regulation of irf4 is lost, driving an increase in irf4 expression and, in turn, resulting in a f ...201526363057
meta-analysis of the effects of sanitizing treatments on salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes inactivation in fresh produce.the aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the effects of sanitizing treatments of fresh produce on salmonella spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes. from 55 primary studies found to report on such effects, 40 were selected based on specific criteria, leading to more than 1,000 data on mean log reductions of these three bacterial pathogens impairing the safety of fresh produce. data were partitioned to build three meta-analytical models that could allow the asse ...201526362982
biofilm-forming abilities of listeria monocytogenes serotypes isolated from different sources.a total of 98 previously characterized and serotyped l. monocytogenes strains, comprising 32 of 1/2a; 20 of 1/2b and 46 of 4b serotype, from clinical and food sources were studied for their capability to form a biofilm. the microtiter plate assay revealed 62 (63.26%) strains as weak, 27 (27.55%) strains as moderate, and 9 (9.18%) strains as strong biofilm formers. among the strong biofilm formers, 6 strains were of serotype 1/2a and 3 strains were of serotype 1/2b. none of the strain from 4b ser ...201526360831
a physical/psychological and biological stress combine to enhance endoplasmic reticulum stress.the generation of an immune response against infectious and other foreign agents is substantially modified by allostatic load, which is increased with chemical, physical and/or psychological stressors. the physical/psychological stress from cold-restraint (cr) inhibits host defense against listeria monocytogenes (lm), due to early effects of the catecholamine norepinephrine (ne) from sympathetic nerves on β1-adrenoceptors (β1ar) of immune cells. although cr activates innate immunity within 2h, h ...201526391182
using uvc light-emitting diodes at wavelengths of 266 to 279 nanometers to inactivate foodborne pathogens and pasteurize sliced cheese.uvc light is a widely used sterilization technology. however, uv lamps have several limitations, including low activity at refrigeration temperatures, a long warm-up time, and risk of mercury exposure. uv-type lamps only emit light at 254 nm, so as an alternative, uv light-emitting diodes (uv-leds) which can produce the desired wavelengths have been developed. in this study, we validated the inactivation efficacy of uv-leds by wavelength and compared the results to those of conventional uv lamps ...201526386061
propofol increases host susceptibility to microbial infection by reducing subpopulations of mature immune effector cells at sites of infection.anesthetics are known to modulate host immune responses, but separating the variables of surgery from anesthesia when analyzing hospital acquired infections is often difficult. here, the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes (lm) was used to assess the impact of the common anesthetic propofol on host susceptibility to infection. brief sedation of mice with physiologically relevant concentrations of propofol increased bacterial burdens in target organs by more than 10,000-fold relative to inf ...201526381144
whole-genome sequencing allows for improved identification of persistent listeria monocytogenes in food-associated environments.while the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes can persist in food associated environments, there are no whole-genome sequence (wgs) based methods to differentiate persistent from sporadic strains. whole-genome sequencing of 188 isolates from a longitudinal study of l. monocytogenes in retail delis was used to (i) apply single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based phylogenetics for subtyping of l. monocytogenes, (ii) use snp counts to differentiate persistent from repeatedly reintroduced str ...201526116683
spatial and temporal factors associated with an increased prevalence of listeria monocytogenes in spinach fields in new york state.while rain and irrigation events have been associated with an increased prevalence of foodborne pathogens in produce production environments, quantitative data are needed to determine the effects of various spatial and temporal factors on the risk of produce contamination following these events. this study was performed to quantify these effects and to determine the impact of rain and irrigation events on the detection frequency and diversity of listeria species (including l. monocytogenes) and ...201526116668
mtor complex signaling through the sema4a-plexin b2 axis is required for optimal activation and differentiation of cd8+ t cells.mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) plays crucial roles in activation and differentiation of diverse types of immune cells. although several lines of evidence have demonstrated the importance of mtor-mediated signals in cd4(+) t cell responses, the involvement of mtor in cd8(+) t cell responses is not fully understood. in this study, we show that a class iv semaphorin, sema4a, regulates cd8(+) t cell activation and differentiation through activation of mtor complex (mtorc) 1. sema4a(-/-) cd8(+) ...201526116513
dissecting cd8+ nkt cell responses to listeria infection reveals a component of innate resistance.a small pool of nk1.1(+) cd8(+) t cells is harbored among the conventional cd8(+) t cell compartment. conclusions drawn from the analysis of immune responses mediated by cytotoxic cd8(+) t cells are often based on the total population, which includes these contaminating nk1.1(+) cd8(+) t cells. an unresolved question is whether nk1.1(+) cd8(+) cells are conventional t cells that acquire nk1.1 expression upon activation or delineation into memory phenotype or whether they are a distinct cell popu ...201526116500
microbiological survey of raw and ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables marketed in italy.the presence of foodborne pathogens (salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7, thermotolerant campylobacter, yersinia enterocolitica and norovirus) in fresh leafy (fl) and ready-to-eat (rte) vegetable products, sampled at random on the italian market, was investigated to evaluate the level of risk to consumers. nine regional laboratories, representing 18 of the 20 regions of italy and in which 97.7% of the country's population resides, were involved in this study. all la ...201526114592
sepsis caused by listeria monocytogenes during chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the thymus.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular parasitic bacterium that is gram positive, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and a facultative anaerobe. it is known to infect humans through food. it is a bacillus with low virulence, but can cause meningitis and sepsis in infants and immunocompromised patients.201526111524
potential of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria for safety improvements of traditional thai fermented meat and human health.lactic acid bacteria (lab) are very important in converting of agricultural products into safe, delicious and shelf stable foods for human consumption. the preservative activity of lab in foods is mainly attributed to the production of anti-microbial metabolites such as organic acids and bacteriocins which enables them to grow and control the growth of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. besides ensuring safety, bacteriocin-producing lab with their probiotic potentials could also be emerging ...201526100576
an outbreak of an unusual strain of listeria monocytogenes infection in north-east scotland.listeria monocytogenes infection is an important cause of illness and hospitalization in vulnerable individuals. in the present study, we describe a community outbreak of listeria monocytogenes in the north-east region of scotland, which was epidemiologically, environmentally and microbiologically linked to a local meat product and ready-to-eat product manufacturer. infected individuals were interviewed, and an environmental investigation was conducted. clinical and environmental samples were te ...201526100074
identification of high-risk listeria monocytogenes serotypes in lineage i (serotype 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c) using multiplex pcr.using molecular subtyping techniques, listeria monocytogenes is divided into three major phylogenetic lineages, and a multiplex pcr method can differentiate five l. monocytogenes subgroups: 1/2a-3a, 1/2c-3c, 1/2b-3b-7, 4b-4d-4e and 4a-4c. in this study, we conducted genome comparisons and evaluated serotype-associated genes for their utility as a multiplex pcr-based method for distinguishing high-risk serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c in lineage i from low-risk serotypes 3a and 3c.201526095922
spreading of multiple listeria monocytogenes abscesses via central nervous system fiber tracts: case report.animal studies have shown that listeria monocytogenes can probably access the brain through a peripheral intraneural route, and it has been suggested that a similar process may occur in humans. however, thus far, its spreading through the central nervous system (cns) has not been completely elucidated. the authors present a case of multiple l. monocytogenes cerebral abscesses characterized by a pattern of distribution that suggested spread along white matter fiber tracts and reviewed the literat ...201526090836
listeriolysin o affects the permeability of caco-2 monolayer in a pore-dependent and ca2+-independent manner.listeria monocytogenes is a food and soil-borne pathogen that secretes a pore-forming toxin listeriolysin o (llo) as its major virulence factor. we tested the effects of llo on an intestinal epithelial cell line caco-2 and compared them to an unrelated pore-forming toxin equinatoxin ii (eqtii). results showed that apical application of both toxins causes a significant drop in transepithelial electrical resistance (teer), with higher llo concentrations or prolonged exposure time needed to achieve ...201526087154
antimicrobial activity of thyme oil co-nanoemulsified with sodium caseinate and lecithin.emulsions of essential oils are investigated as potential intervention strategies to improve food safety and are preferably prepared from generally-recognized-as-safe emulsifiers. stable thyme oil nanoemulsions can be prepared using combinations of sodium caseinate (nacas) and soy lecithin. the objective of the present research was to study the antimicrobial activity of these nanoemulsions and understand the impacts of emulsifier concentrations. 10 g/l thyme oil was emulsified using combinations ...201526082324
two episodes of listeriosis in pregnancy and newborns: investigation, problems and considerations.in january 2013, 3 strains of listeria monocytogenes isolated from one mother and her newborn and a second infant arrived at the institute for experimental veterinary medicine of latium and tuscany. at the same time the local health unit rome b sampled at retail a smoked salmon that was suspected to be involved in the transmission of the disease. the sample was tested for the presence of l. monocytogenes (uni en iso 11290: 2005 part 1 and 2). laboratory investigations have shown that all 3 strai ...201527800391
listeriosis in animals, its public health significance (food-borne zoonosis) and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review.listeriosis is an infectious and fatal disease of animals, birds, fish, crustaceans and humans. it is an important food-borne zoonosis caused by listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular pathogen with unique potential to spread from cell to cell, thereby crossing blood-brain, intestinal and placental barriers. the organism possesses a pile of virulence factors that help to infect the host and evade from host immune machinery. though disease occurrence is sporadic throughout the world, it can resu ...201526073265
genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes strain hpb5415, collected during a 2008 listeriosis outbreak in canada.listeria monocytogenes strain hpb5415-isolated from deli meat-was found in 2008 to have the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns as a clinical strain (08-5923). however, whether nucleotide differences (single nucleotide polymorphisms [snps]) exist between their genomes was not determined. we sequenced the l. monocytogenes strain hpb5415 genome and identified 52 snps relative to strain 08-5923.201526067972
complete genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes strain dpc6895, a serotype 1/2b isolate from bovine raw milk.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and is the causative agent of listeriosis among humans and animals. the draft genome sequence of l. monocytogenes dpc6895, a serotype 1/2b strain isolated from the raw milk of a cow with subclinical bovine mastitis, is reported.201526067969
expression of virulence-related genes in listeria monocytogenes grown on danish hard cheese as affected by nacl content.expression of virulence-related genes in listeria monocytogenes incubated on cheese was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. the objective of the study was to investigate the impact of sodium chloride concentration in cheese on transcription of virulence genes and, thereby, virulence potential of l. monocytogenes. the expression studies were performed with l. monocytogenes strains characterized by different tolerance to salt stress. strains atcc(®) 51779 and dsmz 15675 w ...201526067229
assessing bacterial invasion of cardiac cells in culture and heart colonization in infected mice using listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing serious invasive infections in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and pregnant women. the most common manifestations of listeriosis in humans include meningitis, encephalitis, and fetal abortion. a significant but much less documented sequelae of invasive l. monocytogenes infection involves the heart. the death rate from cardiac illness can be up to 35% despite treatment, however very li ...201526065439
activation of prfa results in overexpression of virulence factors but does not rescue the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes m7.listeria monocytogenes encodes a transcriptional activator, prfa, to positively regulate the expression of virulence factors. several mutations in prfa (prfa*) have been found to contribute to increased regulatory activity. here, we describe a strain, m7, containing a prfa*(g145s) that activates expression of virulence factors but with low pathogenicity. to study this contradictory relationship, we exchanged the prfa genes between strains egde and m7 (designated egde-prfa(m7) and m7-prfa(egde)). ...201526055558
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in biofilms by pulsed ultraviolet light.the inactivation of biofilms formed by pathogenic bacteria on ready-to-eat and minimally processed fruits and vegetables by nonthermal processing methods is critical to ensure food safety. pulsed ultraviolet (puv) light has shown promise in the surface decontamination of liquid, powdered, and solid foods. in this study, the antimicrobial efficacy of puv light treatment on nascent biofilms formed by escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of food packaging materials, s ...201526054759
atp binding drives substrate capture in an ecf transporter by a release-and-catch mechanism.ecf transporters are a family of active transporters for vitamins. they are composed of four subunits: a membrane-embedded substrate-binding subunit (ecfs), a transmembrane coupling subunit (ecft) and two atp-binding-cassette atpases (ecfa and ecfa'). we have investigated the mechanism of the ecf transporter for riboflavin from the pathogen listeria monocytogenes, lmecf-ribu. using structural and biochemical approaches, we found that atp binding to the ecfaa' atpases drives a conformational chan ...201526052893
the rab5-gef function of rin1 regulates multiple steps during listeria monocytogenes infection. 201526050999
quantifying viable vibrio parahaemolyticus and listeria monocytogenes simultaneously in raw shrimp.a novel taqman-based multiplex real-time pcr method combined with propidium monoazide (pma) treatment was firstly developed for the simultaneous quantification of viable vibrio parahaemolyticus and listeria monocytogenes in raw shrimp. the optimization of pma concentration showed that 100 μm was considered optimal to effectively inhibit 10(8) cfu/ml dead cells of both bacteria. the high specificity of this method was confirmed on tests using 96 target and non-target strains. the optimized assay ...201526048473
inactivation of listeria monocytogenes using water bath heat treatment in vacuum packed ricotta salata cheese wedges.ricotta salata cheese is frequently contaminated on the surface with listeria monocytogenes. water bath heat treatment in vacuum packed whole ricotta salata cheese wheels demonstrated to be effective in inactivating l. monocytogenes. however, the risk of cross-contamination in ricotta salata wedges is increased during cheese cutting. therefore, the effectiveness of heat treatment in ricotta salata wedges has to be demonstrated conducting a new validation study. in this study, 9 different time te ...201526044297
effect of milk fat content on the performance of ohmic heating for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.the effect of milk fat content on ohmic heating compared to conventional heating for inactivation of food-borne pathogens was investigated.201526043029
structural analysis and molecular docking of potential ligands with chorismate synthase of listeria monocytogenes: a novel antibacterial drug target.listeriosis, in particular that caused by listeria monocytogenes, is a major foodborne pathogen, and its control is becoming difficult because of widespread emergence of drug resistance strains. chorismate synthase (cs), an essential enzyme of shikimate pathway present only in bacteria, fungi, plant and some apicomplexan parasites, is a validated potential antimicrobial drug target. antimicrobial development through the elucidation of essential structural features of the cs of l. monocytogenes ( ...201526040111
comparative effects of ohmic and conventional heating for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in skim milk and cream.ohmic heating has proven advantages over conventional thermal processing and novel thermal alternative technologies. in this study, the effect of ohmic and conventional heating for pasteurizing skim milk and cream was examined. all treatment conditions for ohmic and conventional heating were identical except for composition of the heating chamber. in most cases, the reduction of three pathogens did not differ significantly between ohmic heating and conventional heating at fixed treatment tempera ...201526038915
effect of acidified sorbate solutions on the lag-phase durations and growth rates of listeria monocytogenes on meat surfaces.the surfaces of ready-to-eat meats are susceptible to postprocessing contamination by listeria monocytogenes. this study quantified the lag-phase durations (lpd) and growth rates (gr) of l. monocytogenes on the surfaces of cooked ham as affected by sorbate solutions of different concentrations and ph levels. slices of cooked ham inoculated with a four-strain mixture of l. monocytogenes (ca. 10(3) cfu/g) were surface treated with sorbate solutions of 0 to 4% (wt/vol) at ph 4.0 to 6.5, vacuum pack ...201526038906
comparative study on the efficacy of bacteriophages, sanitizers, and uv light treatments to control listeria monocytogenes on sliced mushrooms (agaricus bisporus).the following reports on a comparative study on the efficacy of different decontamination technologies to decrease listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto white sliced mushrooms and assesses the fate of residual levels during posttreatment storage under aerobic conditions at 8 °c. the treatments were chemical (hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, ozonated water, electrolyzed water, chitosan, lactic acid), biological (listeria bacteriophages), and physical (uv-c, uv-hydrogen peroxide). none of th ...201526038905
growth of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut cantaloupe under different temperature abuse scenarios.effective cold chain management is a critical component of food safety practice. in this study, we examined the impact of commonly encountered temperature abuse scenarios on the proliferation of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut cantaloupe. inoculated fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes were subjected to various temperature abuse conditions, and the growth of s. enterica and l. monocytogenes was determined. during 1 week of storage, salmonella cell counts on fresh-cut cantaloupe ...201526038902
the elimination of listeria monocytogenes attached to stainless steel or aluminum using multiple hurdles.ready-to-eat luncheon meats sliced in retail delis have been found to pose the greatest risk of foodborne illness from listeria monocytogenes among all ready-to-eat foods. slicers used in delis have many removable parts that are connected with seals and gaskets, with spaces, cracks and crevices that are difficult to clean adequately and may provide a niche for l. monocytogenes survival. standard cleaning and sanitizing practices used by deli employees may not eliminate listeria in these niches. ...201526033521
inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in apple juice at different ph levels by gaseous ozone treatment.we investigated the effect of ozone treatment of apple juice at different ph levels for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.201526033289
synergistic effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and ultrasound at mild heat temperature in microbial reduction and shelf-life extension of fresh-cut bell pepper.the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of combined treatments (slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew), ultrasound (us), or mild heat (60°c)) on the growth of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in fresh-cut bell pepper, and the shelf-life and sensory quality (color and texture) were followed during storage at 4°c and 25°c. an additional 0.65, 1.72, and 2.70 log cfu/g reduction was achieved by heat treatments at 60°c for 1 min for dw, saew, and ...201526032362
the pamp c-di-amp is essential for listeria monocytogenes growth in rich but not minimal media due to a toxic increase in (p)ppgpp. [corrected].cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) is a widely distributed second messenger that appears to be essential in multiple bacterial species, including the gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. in this study, the only l. monocytogenes diadenylate cyclase gene, daca, was deleted using a cre-lox system activated during infection of cultured macrophages. all δdaca strains recovered from infected cells harbored one or more suppressor mutations that allowed grow ...201526028365
the efficiency of uvc radiation in the inactivation of
listeria monocytogenes on beef-agar food models.the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of meat content and surface smoothness on the deactivation of listeria monocytogenes in beef-agar food models achieved by shortwave ultraviolet (uvc) light. food models with various meat contents were made using chopped beef slices and agar solution. prepared models together with a listeria selective agar (lsa) plate and a slice of cooked beef were inoculated with l. monocytogenes and then exposed to uvc light. population of listeria reduced to bel ...201527904353
two variants of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus: molecular characterization and immune responses to bacterial and viral stresses.glutathione peroxidase (gpx) is an essential member of the antioxidant systems of living organisms and may be involved in immune defense against pathogenic invasion. in the current study, two selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases (absegpxs) that shared 54.3% identity were identified from the disk abalone haliotis discus discus. the open reading frames (orfs) of absegpx-a and absegpx-b coded for 222 and 220 amino acids, respectively, with a characteristic selenocysteine residue encoded by an ...201526025184
complete genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes n2306, a strain associated with the 2013-2014 listeriosis outbreak in switzerland.we present the complete genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes n2306, a serotype 4b clinical strain isolated during the 2013-2014 nationwide listeriosis outbreak in switzerland.201526021930
bacterial spread from cell to cell: beyond actin-based motility.several intracellular pathogens display the ability to propagate within host tissues by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as motile bacteria reach cell-cell contacts they form plasma membrane protrusions that project into adjacent cells and resolve into vacuoles from which the pathogen escapes, thereby achieving spread from cell to cell. seminal studies have defined the bacterial and cellular factors that support actin-based motility. by contrast, the mechanisms s ...201526021574
intracellular listeria monocytogenes comprises a minimal but vital fraction of the intestinal burden following foodborne infection.listeria monocytogenes is a highly adaptive bacterium that replicates as a free-living saprophyte in the environment as well as a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes invasive foodborne infections. the intracellular life cycle of l. monocytogenes is considered to be its primary virulence determinant during mammalian infection; however, the proportion of l. monocytogenes that is intracellular in vivo has not been studied extensively. in this report, we demonstrate that the majority of w ...201526015479
listeriolysin o mediates cytotoxicity against human brain microvascular endothelial cells.penetration of the brain microvascular endothelial layer is one of the routes listeria monocytogenes use to breach the blood-brain barrier. because host factors in the blood severely limit direct invasion of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hbmecs) by l. monocytogenes, alternative mechanisms might be used by this bacterium to penetrate the endothelial cell layer. in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of proteins secreted by l. monocytogenes against hbemcs using a live/dead sta ...201526013565
hygiene and welfare evaluation of pigs slaughtered in agritourisms.the slaughtering procedures at agritourism farms must be carried out in accordance with the general and hygiene requirements of regulations (ec) no 852 and 853/2004. in addition, regional laws define minimum requirements allowing some flexibility. piglets and finishing pigs are the most frequently slaughtered animal in sardinian agritourism farms. the aim of the present survey was to evaluate: the general and hygiene requirements of outbuilding slaughterhouses in agritourisms; the animal welfare ...201527800393
quantifying strain variability in modeling growth of listeria monocytogenes.prediction of microbial growth kinetics can differ from the actual behavior of the target microorganisms. in the present study, the impact of strain variability on maximum specific growth rate (μmax) (h(-1)) was quantified using twenty listeria monocytogenes strains. the μmax was determined as function of four different variables, namely ph, water activity (aw)/nacl concentration [nacl], undissociated lactic acid concentration ([ha]), and temperature (t). the strain variability was compared to b ...201526011600
construction of fe3o4/vancomycin/peg magnetic nanocarrier for highly efficient pathogen enrichment and gene sensing.infectious diseases, especially pathogenic bacterial infections, pose a growing threat to public health worldwide. as pathogenic bacteria usually exist in complex experimental matrixes at very low concentrations, developing a technology for rapid and biocompatible sample enrichment is essential for sensitive diagnosis. in this study, an fe3o4/vancomycin/peg magnetic nanocarrier was constructed for efficient sample enrichment and in situ nucleic acid preparation of pathogenic bacteria for subsequ ...201526005899
survival of listeria monocytogenes in soil requires agra-mediated regulation.in a recent paper, we demonstrated that inactivation of the agr system affects the patterns of survival of listeria monocytogenes (a.-l. vivant, d. garmyn, l. gal, and p. piveteau, front cell infect microbiol 4:160, http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2014.00160). in this study, we investigated whether the agr-mediated response is triggered during adaptation in soil, and we compared survival patterns in a set of 10 soils. the fate of the parental strain l. monocytogenes l9 (a rifampin-resistant muta ...201526002901
combination treatment of chlorine dioxide gas and aerosolized sanitizer for inactivating foodborne pathogens on spinach leaves and tomatoes.the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of chlorine dioxide (clo2) gas and aerosolized sanitizer, when applied alone or in combination, on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes inoculated onto spinach leaves and tomato surfaces. spinach leaves and tomatoes were inoculated with a cocktail of three strains each of the three foodborne pathogens. clo2 gas (5 or 10 ppmv) and aerosolized peracetic acid (paa) (80 ppm) w ...201526001524
l-rhamnosylation of listeria monocytogenes wall teichoic acids promotes resistance to antimicrobial peptides by delaying interaction with the membrane.listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic gram-positive bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a human foodborne disease. its cell wall is densely decorated with wall teichoic acids (wtas), a class of anionic glycopolymers that play key roles in bacterial physiology, including protection against the activity of antimicrobial peptides (amps). in other gram-positive pathogens, wta modification by amine-containing groups such as d-alanine was largely correlated with resistance to amps. ho ...201526001194
surgical cytoreduction restores the antitumor efficacy of a listeria monocytogenes vaccine in malignant pleural mesothelioma.recent studies suggest that immunotherapy may offer a promising treatment strategy for early-stage malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm), but advanced tumor burden may limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. therefore, we hypothesized that surgical cytoreduction could restore the efficacy of vaccine-based immunotherapy for mpm. we developed a murine model of mpm through transduction of a mesothelioma cell line with mesothelin. we used this model to evaluate the efficacy of a listeria monocytogenes v ...201525999306
inactivation dynamics of salmonella enterica, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in wash water during simulated chlorine depletion and replenishment processes.maintaining effective sanitizer concentration is of critical importance for preventing pathogen survival and transference during fresh-cut produce wash operation and for ensuring the safety of finished products. however, maintaining an adequate level of sanitizer in wash water can be challenging for processors due to the large organic load in the wash system. in this study, we investigated how the survival of human pathogens was affected by the dynamic changes in water quality during chlorine de ...201525998820
genome-wide sirna screen identifies complementary signaling pathways involved in listeria infection and reveals different actin nucleation mechanisms during listeria cell invasion and actin comet tail formation.listeria monocytogenes enters nonphagocytic cells by a receptor-mediated mechanism that is dependent on a clathrin-based molecular machinery and actin rearrangements. bacterial intra- and intercellular movements are also actin dependent and rely on the actin nucleating arp2/3 complex, which is activated by host-derived nucleation-promoting factors downstream of the cell receptor met during entry and by the bacterial nucleation-promoting factor acta during comet tail formation. by genome-wide sma ...201525991686
proteomics analysis of listeria monocytogenes atcc 19115 in response to simultaneous triple stresses.listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis in humans through consumption of contaminated food. l. monocytogenes can adapt and grow in a vast array of physiochemical stresses in the food production environment. in this study, we performed a proteomics strategy in order to investigate how l. monocytogenes survives with a simultaneous exposure to low ph, high salinity and low temperature. the results showed that the adaptation processes mainly affected the biochemical pathways related to protein ...201525990453
molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of listeria monocytogenes isolates from a wide variety of ready-to-eat foods and their relationship to clinical strains from listeriosis outbreaks in chile.listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen transmitted through food that can cause severe infections in high-risk groups such as pregnant women, elderly, young children and immunocompromised individuals. it is a ubiquitous bacterium that can survive in harsh conditions, such as dry environments, at low temperatures, in brine conditions and at low ph values. it also has the capacity to form biofilms, which makes it particularly successful even in colonizing surfaces within food processing plants. this ...201525983727
bioactive properties of a propolis-based dietary supplement and its use in combination with mild heat for apple juice preservation.this study characterizes the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of a propolis-based dietary supplement (pds) and investigates its incorporation into apple juice to decrease the intensity of the heat treatment required to inactivate 5 log10 cycles of escherichia coli o157:h7. as the source of propolis, we used a pds containing 0.2 mg/μl of propylene glycol-extracted propolis (propolis). the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (ic50) of the pds were 82.15±3.53 mg/g and 0.055±0.00 ...201525897992
listeriaphages and coagulin c23 act synergistically to kill listeria monocytogenes in milk under refrigeration conditions.bacteriophages and bacteriocins are promising biocontrol tools in food. in this work, two listeria bacteriophages, fwllm1 and fwllm3, were assessed in combination with the bacteriocin coagulin c23 to inhibit listeria monocytogenes. preliminary results under laboratory conditions demonstrated that both antimicrobials act synergistically when they were applied in suboptimal concentrations. the combined approach was further assessed in milk contaminated with 5×10(4) cfu/ml l. monocytogenes 2000/47 ...201525897991
oxygen limitation induces acid tolerance and impacts simulated gastro-intestinal transit in listeria monocytogenes j0161.ᅟ: listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe infection to those with a pre-disposition. infections often arise through consumption of contaminated foods, where high intrinsic resistance to food processing practises permit survival and growth. several practises, including refrigeration, acidification and oxygen limitation are ineffective in controlling l. monocytogenes, therefore foods which do not undergo thermal processing, e.g. ready-to-ea ...201525897327
host actin polymerization tunes the cell division cycle of an intracellular pathogen.growth and division are two of the most fundamental capabilities of a bacterial cell. while they are well described for model organisms growing in broth culture, very little is known about the cell division cycle of bacteria replicating in more complex environments. using a d-alanine reporter strategy, we found that intracellular listeria monocytogenes (lm) spend a smaller proportion of their cell cycle dividing compared to lm growing in broth culture. this alteration to the cell division cycle ...201525892235
selection and characterization of phage-resistant mutant strains of listeria monocytogenes reveal host genes linked to phage adsorption.listeria-infecting phages are readily isolated from listeria-containing environments, yet little is known about the selective forces they exert on their host. here, we identified that two virulent phages, lp-048 and lp-125, adsorb to the surface of listeria monocytogenes strain 10403s through different mechanisms. we isolated and sequenced, using whole-genome sequencing, 69 spontaneous mutant strains of 10403s that were resistant to either one or both phages. mutations from 56 phage-resistant mu ...201525888172
biological effects of listeriolysin o: implications for vaccination.listeriolysin o (llo) is a thiol-activated cholesterol-dependent pore-forming toxin and the major virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes (lm). extensive research in recent years has revealed that llo exerts a wide array of biological activities, during the infection by lm or by itself as recombinant antigen. the spectrum of biological activities induced by llo includes cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, modulation of gene expression, intracellular calci ...201525874208
antimicrobial coatings with dual cationic and n-halamine character: characterization and biocidal efficacy.a method to prepare an antimicrobial coating for food-handling materials is reported. alternating layers of branched polyethylenimine and styrene maleic anhydride copolymer were applied onto the surface of polypropylene. the resulting coatings had low surface energy and presented enhanced antimicrobial character due to the presence of both cationic and n-halamine forming structures. in its unchlorinated form, the coating inactivated listeria monocytogenes by ∼3 logarithmic cycles. in the form of ...201525871333
a duplex qpcr for the simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes using lna probes.in this study, a duplex qpcr assay was developed for the needs of the irish fish industry to screen for the two major food-borne pathogens of fish, listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7. the assay can claim positive or negative results for two pathogens in one go in only 20 h including 16 h universal pre-enrichment and compared to traditional iso approved plate culture methods the labour and the cost involved in testing of one sample is reduced to minimum. the highly specific genom ...201525869996
contrasting regulation of macrophage iron homeostasis in response to infection with listeria monocytogenes depending on localization of bacteria.due to its multiple roles for the proliferation and pathogenicity of many microbes on the one hand and via modulation of immune effector functions on the other hand the control over iron homeostasis is thought to play a decisive role in the course of infections. diversion of cellular iron traffic is considered as an important defense mechanism of macrophages to reduce metal availability for intracellular bacteria residing in the phagosome. however, evidence is lacking whether such alterations of ...201525869778
development of a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the sensitive and rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes.a real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (realamp) assay for the detection of listeria was developed. the realamp assay, using primers specific for the hemolysin-encoding hlya gene, was verified using listeria monocytogenes strains (n = 58) from different regions of the world. both the sensitivity and specificity of the realamp assay were high. the realamp assay could detect 10(3) cfu ml(-1) within 30 min. a comparative evaluation of the realamp assay, the api listeria assay, and the r ...201525868481
cell-autonomous responses in listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium causing listeriosis, a food-borne infection with a high mortality rate. the mechanisms and the role of cells and tissular components in generating protective adaptive immune responses are well studied, and cell biological studies provide a detailed understanding of the processes targeted by the bacterial products. much less is known of the cellular responses activated to limit infection in individual cells when confronted with stres ...201525865195
is there interaction between gut microbial profile and cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease patients?to evaluate the gut microbial profile in chronic kidney disease (ckd) patients and evaluate the possible relationship with inflammation and cardiovascular risk.201525865191
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for listeria monocytogenes.pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) is a molecular subtyping method with high discriminatory power, reproducibility, and epidemiological concordance for the subtyping of listeria monocytogenes and other bacteria. pfge uses rare-cutting restriction enzymes (macrorestriction) that cut the genomic dna, usually resulting in 6-25 dna fragments ranging between 30 and 600 kb. bacterial cells are immobilized in agarose plugs and subsequently lysed to release genomic dna, which is then subjected to d ...201525862047
pfge as a tool to track listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities: case studies.the use of pfge to track listeria monocytogenes strains from the food processing environment to the food is explained in this chapter through two case studies. this illustrates the usefulness of this method to identify putative routes of contamination and persistent strains and to help in the implementation of corrective actions in food processing facilities to control the occurrence of this pathogenic bacterium.201525862045
harmonization of pfge profile analysis by using bioinformatics tools: example of the listeria monocytogenes european union reference laboratory network.standardization in comparison and interpretation of profiles is an integral part of the analysis of gels from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. using listeria monocytogenes as an example, this chapter outlines the analytical process using the software bionumerics.201525862044
listeria monocytogenes: a model pathogen to study antigen-specific memory cd8 t cell responses.memory cd8 t cells play a critical role in providing protection to immune hosts by orchestrating rapid elimination of pathogen-infected cells after re-infection. systemic bacterial infection with listeria monocytogenes has been a favored approach for researchers to characterize pathogen-specific cd8 t cell responses, and in-depth understanding of l. monocytogenes biology has provided invaluable experimental tools that have been used to increase our understanding of memory cd8 t cell differentiat ...201525860798
complete genome sequences of vb_lmos_188 and vb_lmos_293, two bacteriophages with specificity for listeria monocytogenes strains of serotypes 4b and 4e.listeria monocytogenes is responsible for the rare disease listeriosis, which is associated with the consumption of contaminated food products. we report here the complete genome sequences of vb_lmos_188 and vb_lmos_293, phages isolated from environmental sources and that have host specificity for l. monocytogenes strains of the 4b and 4e serotypes.201525858822
multiplexed detection of foodborne pathogens based on magnetic particles.this paper addresses the novel approaches for the multiplex detection of food poisoning bacteria, paying closer attention to three of the most common pathogens involved in food outbreaks: salmonella enterica, escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes. end-point and real-time pcr, classical immunological techniques, biosensors, microarrays and microfluidic platforms, as well as commercial kits for multiplex detection of food pathogens will be reviewed, with special focus on the role of ...201525858812
effect of sodium-alginate and laminaran on salmonella typhimurium infection in human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells and balb/c mice.brown algal polysaccharides such as alginate, polymers of uronic acids, and laminaran, beta-1,3 and 1,6-glucan, can be fermented by human intestinal microbiota. to evaluate the effects of these polysaccharides on infections caused by food poisoning pathogens, we investigated the adhesion and invasion of pathogens (salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes and vibrio parahaemolyticus) in human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells and in infections caused in balb/c mice. both sodium na-alginate an ...201525857966
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