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partitioning studies of l-glutaminase production by bacillus cereus mtcc 1305 in different peg-salt/dextran.partitioning studies of l-glutaminase production by bacillus cereus mtcc 1305 was carried out in different peg-salt/peg-dextran system. the partitioning value of l-glutaminase increased with increasing molecular weight of peg from 2000-4000 kda and decreased with higher molecular weight of 6000 kda. phase system of peg 4000 (8.5%)/dextran t500 (9.5%) was selected for the extractive fermentative production of l-glutaminase on the basis maximum partition coefficient (1.31). the production of l-glu ...201222513254
foodborne outbreaks surveillance in the piedmont region, italy (2002-2009).this article summarises the results of eight years (2002-2009) of investigations on food borne disease outbreaks carried out the regional agency for public health in piedmont, which is an italian region (4,432,571 citizens, 2008).201222508645
inactivation kinetics of spores of bacillus cereus strains treated by a peracetic acid-based disinfectant at different concentrations and temperatures.the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a commercial peracetic acid-based disinfectant against spores of bacillus cereus, to identify the most influential factor for the final number of microorganisms after different disinfection procedures, and to evaluate the nature of the inactivation kinetics. the spores of four different strains of b. cereus (dsm 318, 4312, 4313, and 4384) were treated with five different disinfectant concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% [w/v]) at ...201222506696
microbiological and physicochemical characterisation of caxiri, an alcoholic beverage produced by the indigenous juruna people of brazil.caxiri is a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage produced from cassava and sweet potatoes by the indigenous juruna or yudjá people in brazil. our results showed that caxiri fermentation is invariably associated with the following: (i) an increase in the total microbial population, with yeast being the largest group detected; (ii) a decrease in reducing sugars, malic, tartaric, succinic, oxalic and propionic acid; and (iii) a final product characterised by a high content of ethanol and a high ...201222497838
[screening and identification of a microcystin-degrading bacterium strain and its enzymatic degradation of microcystin-lr by intracellular extract of bacillus cereus].to provide effective microorganisms for the treatment of water polluted by microcystins (mcs), the strains capable of biodegrading microcystin lr (mc-lr) were isolated from the sediment of chaohu lake. the degradation of microcystin-lr by the intracellular extracts of the strains were studied.201222489466
microbiological performance of a food safety management system in a food service operation.the microbiological performance of a food safety management system in a food service operation was measured using a microbiological assessment scheme as a vertical sampling plan throughout the production process, from raw materials to final product. the assessment scheme can give insight into the microbiological contamination and the variability of a production process and pinpoint bottlenecks in the food safety management system. three production processes were evaluated: a high-risk sandwich p ...201222488059
antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles against bacterial cells adhered to stainless steel surfaces.given the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to synthesize new antimicrobials, silver has attracted interest in the scientific community because of its recognized antimicrobial activity. this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles (np) obtained by a new method and tested at concentrations of 6 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml against the species staphylococcus aureus, listeria innocua, salmonella choleraesuis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia ...201222488058
survival of bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores during in vitro simulation of gastric passage.the enteric pathogen bacillus cereus must survive gastric passage in order to cause diarrhea by enterotoxin production in the small intestine. the acid resistance and the survival after gastric passage were assessed by in vitro experiments with acidified growth medium and gastric simulation medium with b. cereus nvh 1230-88 vegetative cells and spores. first, batch incubations at constant ph values for 4 h, which represented different physiological states of the stomach, showed that spores were ...201222488056
[antibacterial activity of rare streptomyces species against clinical resistant bacteria].in the search for new antibiotics from steptomyces, investigating extremes habitats enhances the probability of isolating novel producers. in this context, the antibacterial activity of four streptomyces strains isolated from ezzmoul saltpans was studied. two of them showed antibacterial activity against antibiotic's resistant bacteria (bacillus cereus: β-lactamines and sulfamides resistant, streptococcus faecalis: penicillin, tetracycline and cotrimoxazole resistant, and staphylococcus aureus m ...201222484527
phyto-synthesis of silver nanoscale particles using morinda citrifolia l. and its inhibitory activity against human pathogens.leaf extract of morinda citrifolia l. was assessed for the synthesis of silver nanoscale particles under different temperature and reaction time. synthesized nanoscale (mcagnps) particles were confirmed by analysing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (spr) using uv-visible spectrophotometer at 420 nm. further sem, hrtem analysis confirmed the range of particle size between 10 and 60 nm and sead pattern authorizes the face centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nature of the mcagnps. fourier t ...201222483838
bacterial contamination of an automated pharmacy robot used for intravenous medication preparation.multiple cultures were positive for bacillus cereus during routine quality assurance testing of a pharmacy robot that prepares intravenous medications. an investigation confirmed bacterial contamination of the robot as well as drug product made by the robot. the process and outcomes of the investigation are described in this report.201222476280
bacteriophages bcp1-1 and bcp8-2 require divalent cations for efficient control of bacillus cereus in fermented foods.bacillus cereus is a foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes diarrhea and vomiting. in this study, the usefulness of bacteriophages to eradicate b. cereus from fermented foods was investigated. a total of 13 phages were isolated from korean fermented food products, and 2 (bcp1-1 and bcp8-2) were further characterized. transmission electron microscopy (tem), restriction enzyme digestion pattern analysis, and sds-page of the structural proteins suggest that both phages belong to the family myovir ...201222475937
novel polymer anchored cr(iii) schiff base complexes: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties.new polymer-bound schiff bases and cr(iii) complexes have been synthesized by the reaction of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde, polymer-bound with 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-chlorophenol and 2-amino-4-methylphenol. the structure of polymeric-schiff bases and their cr(iii) complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, ir, uv-vis, tg-dta and (1)h-nmr. all these compounds have also been investigated for antibacterial activity by the well-diffusion method against staphylococcu ...201222622060
bc4707 is a major facilitator superfamily multidrug resistance transport protein from bacillus cereus implicated in fluoroquinolone tolerance.transcriptional profiling highlighted a subset of genes encoding putative multidrug transporters in the pathogen bacillus cereus that were up-regulated during stress produced by bile salts. one of these multidrug transporters (bc4707) was selected for investigation. functional characterization of the bc4707 protein in escherichia coli revealed a role in the energized efflux of xenobiotics. phenotypic analyses after inactivation of the gene bc4707 in bacillus cereus atcc14579 suggested a more spe ...201222615800
a multicomponent sugar phosphate sensor system specifically induced in bacillus cereus during infection of the insect gut.using a previously developed bacillus cereus in vivo expression technology (ivet) promoter trap system, we showed that spsa, a gene of unknown function, was specifically expressed in the larval gut during infection. search for gut-related compounds inducing spsa transcription identified glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) as an activation signal. analysis of the spsa-related 5-gene cluster indicated that spsa is part of a new sugar phosphate sensor system composed of a 2-component system (tcs) encoded by ...201222611084
synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-alkyl-3-methacryloyl (acryloyl) of benzimidazolone (thione) derivatives.a series of (28) 1-alkyl-3-methacryloyl (acryloyl)-benzimidazolone (thione) deriv-atives were synthesized. the structures of the new derivatives were confirmed by (1)h-nmr, (13)c-nmr and esi-ms spectral analysis. the antibacterial activities of these compounds against several strains of bacteria, such as bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were evaluated by methods of paper disc-diffusion and broth mciro-dilution. methacryloyl d ...201222606011
possible contamination of organ preservation fluid with bacillus cereus: the united kingdom response.we describe here the united kingdom (uk) response following the recent international recall of an organ preservation fluid owing to potential bacillus cereus contamination. this fluid is used for the transport of solid organs and pancreatic islet cells for transplant. we detail the response mechanisms, including the initial risk stratification, investigatory approaches, isolate analysis and communications to professional bodies. this report further lays out the potential need for enhanced survei ...201222587955
rapid detection of bacterial contamination of platelet-rich plasma-derived platelet concentrates using flow cytometry.flow cytometry can be used to detect bacterial contamination of platelet products. in this study, we investigated whether the incubation of a minimal volume of platelet-rich plasma (prp)-derived platelet concentrates (pcs) with growth medium improved the analytical sensitivity of flow cytometry. five bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escherichia coli) were used. platelets were inoculated with 10, 10(2), and 10(3) cfu ...201222585614
investigations of antimicrobial activity of some cameroonian medicinal plant extracts against bacteria and yeast with gastrointestinal relevance.resistance against antibiotics of many bacteria is accumulating. therefore, searches for new substances with antimicrobial activity have become an urgent necessity. medicinal plants are frequently used in popular medicine as remedies for many infectious diseases (intestinal infection, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.).201222583961
membrane interaction and antibacterial properties of chensinin-1, an antimicrobial peptide with atypical structural features from the skin of rana chensinensis.many antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin have been purified and structurally characterized and may be developed as therapeutic agents. here we describe the antibacterial properties and membrane interaction of chensinin-1, a cationic arginine/histidine-rich antimicrobial peptide, from the skin secretions of rana chensinensis. the amino acid composition, sequence, and atypical structure of chensinin-1 differ from other known antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin. chensinin-1 exhibited ...201222581068
dimethyl disulfide is an induced systemic resistance elicitor produced by bacillus cereus c1l.bacillus cereus c1l is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and can elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) in plants against necrotrophic pathogens. however, little is known about isr elicitors produced by b. cereus c1l, and no isr elicitor has been identified and characterised. therefore, the objective of this study is to identify volatile isr elicitor(s) produced by b. cereus c1l.201222573612
cody orchestrates the expression of virulence determinants in emetic bacillus cereus by impacting key regulatory circuits.bacillus cereus causes gastrointestinal diseases and local and systemic infections elicited by the depsipeptide cereulide, enterotoxins, phospholipases, cytolysins and proteases. the plcr-papr quorum sensing system activates the expression of several virulence factors, whereas the spo0a-abrb regulatory circuit partially controls the plasmid-borne cereulide synthetase (ces) operon. here, we show that cody, a nutrient-responsive regulator of gram-positive bacteria, has a profound effect on both re ...201222571587
characterization of boron resistant and accumulating bacteria lysinibacillus fusiformis m1, bacillus cereus m2, bacillus cereus m3, bacillus pumilus m4 isolated from former mining site, hokkaido, japan.boron is known to be widespread environmental contaminant that is relatively mobile in soil when compared to other metal contaminants. the present study made an attempt to isolate and characterize the boron resistant and accumulating bacteria from former mining site at hokkaido, japan. four potential strains m1, m2, m3 and m4 were selected based on high degree of boron and heavy metal resistances. the morphological, biochemical and 16s rdna sequencing analysis of mining bacteria revealed that th ...201222571522
complete genome sequence of bacillus cereus bacteriophage pbc1.bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous, spore-forming bacterium associated with food poisoning cases. to develop an efficient biocontrol agent against b. cereus, we isolated lytic phage pbc1 and sequenced its genome. pbc1 showed a very low degree of homology to previously reported phages, implying that it is novel. here we report the complete genome sequence of pbc1 and describe major findings from our analysis.201222570248
sequence analysis of inducible prophage phis3501 integrated into the haemolysin ii gene of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646.diarrheic food poisoning by bacteria of the bacillus cereus group is mostly due to several toxins encoded in the genomes. one of them, cytotoxin k, was recently identified as responsible for severe necrotic syndromes. cytotoxin k is similar to a class of proteins encoded by genes usually annotated as haemolysin ii (hlyii) in the majority of genomes of the b. cereus group. the partially sequenced genome of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis atcc35646 contains several potentially induced proph ...201222567391
role of side-edge site of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (bc-smase) belongs to the mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (nsmase) which hydrolyzes sphingomyelin (sm) to produce phosphocholine and ceramide, and acts as an extracellular hemolysin. bc-smase has two metal ion-binding sites in a long horizontal cleft across the molecule, with one mg(2+) in the central region of the cleft and one divalent metal ion at the side-edge of the cleft. the role of the mg(2+) at the side-edge of the long horizontal cleft in bc-s ...201222564743
localization of new peptidoglycan at poles in bacillus mycoides, a member of the bacillus cereus group.bacillus mycoides is a sporogenic gram-positive soil bacillus of the b. cereus group. this bacillus, which forms hyphal colonies, is composed of cells connected in filaments that make up bundles and turn clock- or counterclockwise depending on the strain. a thick peptidoglycan wall gives the rod cells of these bacilli strength and shape. one approach used to study peptidoglycan neoformation in gram positives exploits the binding properties of antibiotics such as vancomycin and ramoplanin to nasc ...201222773111
antibacterial activity of pseudoalteromonas in the coral holobiont.corals harbor diverse and abundant prokaryotic populations. bacterial communities residing in the coral mucus layer may be either pathogenic or symbiotic. some species may produce antibiotics as a method of controlling populations of competing microbial species. the present study characterizes cultivable pseudoalteromonas sp. isolated from the mucus layer of different coral species from the northern gulf of eilat, red sea, israel. six mucus-associated pseudoalteromonas spp. obtained from differe ...201222767125
antibiotic resistance and probiotic properties of dominant lactic microflora from tungrymbai, an ethnic fermented soybean food of india.the present investigation was conducted to assess lactic acid bacteria present in traditionally fermented food of ethnic tribes in india for probiotic properties, antibacterial activity, and antibiotic tolerance behavior. enterococcus sp., lactobacillus sp., and lactococcus sp. showed antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus mtcc 430, staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus mtcc 740, and salmonella enterica ser. paratyphi a mtcc 735. lactococcus sp. and lactobacillus sp. could tolerate acidic ...201222752919
identification of a new bacillus licheniformis strain producing a bacteriocin-like substance.the emergence of antibiotic resistance has spurred a great number of studies for development of new antimicrobials in the past decade. the purpose of this study was to screen environmental samples for bacillus strains producing potent antimicrobial agents. a new strain, which showed strong antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus and salmonella enterica ser. pullorum, was isolated from soil and designated as b116. this new isolate was identified as bacillus licheniformis by morpholog ...201222752909
bacillus cereus fnr binds a [4fe-4s] cluster and forms a ternary complex with resd and plcr.bacillus cereus is a facultative anaerobe that causes diarrheal disease in humans. diarrheal syndrome may result from the secretion of various virulence factors including hemolysin bl and nonhemolytic enterotoxin nhe. expression of genes encoding hbl and nhe is regulated by the two redox systems, resde and fnr, and the virulence regulator plcr. b. cereus fnr is a member of the crp/fnr family of iron-sulfur (fe-s) proteins. only its apo-form has so far been studied. a major goal in deciphering th ...201222731107
alternative approach to modeling bacterial lag time, using logistic regression as a function of time, temperature, ph, and sodium chloride concentration.the objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic model to predict the end of lag time (λ) during the growth of bacillus cereus vegetative cells as a function of temperature, ph, and salt concentration using logistic regression. the developed λ model was subsequently combined with a logistic differential equation to simulate bacterial numbers over time. to develop a novel model for λ, we determined whether bacterial growth had begun, i.e., whether λ had ended, at each time point during ...201222729541
bacillus spp. toxicity against haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep fecal cultures.the gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus contortus is a major productivity constraint in sheep. in this study, the nematicidal effects of bacillus circulans, bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, bt. var. osvaldocruzi, bt. var. morrisoni, and bt. var. kurstaki were assessed in free-living larval stages of h. contortus. a spore-crystal suspension containing approximately 2×10(8)ufc/ml of each strain was added to sheep feces that were naturally infected with h. contortus eggs, ...201222728159
reduction of bacillus cereus spores in sikhye, a traditional korean rice beverage, by modified tyndallization processes with and without carbon dioxide injection.the objective of this study was to inactivate bacillus cereus spores in sikhye using a modified tyndallization process involving injection with carbon dioxide (co₂).201222725610
gegenees: fragmented alignment of multiple genomes for determining phylogenomic distances and genetic signatures unique for specified target groups.the rapid development of next generation sequencing technologies leads to the accumulation of huge amounts of sequencing data. the scientific community faces an enormous challenge in how to deal with this explosion. here we present a software tool, 'gegenees', that uses a fragmented alignment approach to facilitate the comparative analysis of hundreds of microbial genomes. the genomes are fragmented and compared, all against all, by a multithreaded blast control engine. ready-made alignments can ...201222723939
properties of bac w42, a bacteriocin produced by bacillus subtilis w42 isolated from cheonggukjang.ten bacillus strains with antimicrobial activities were isolated from cheonggukjang produced at different parts in korea. they all inhibited listeria monocytogenes atcc 19111 and nine inhibited bacillus cereus atcc 14579. four isolates (w42, h27, ske 12, and k21) showing strong inhibiting activities were identified as b. subtilis. b. subtilis w42 was the most inhibiting strain. the antimicrobial activity of culture supernatant from b. subtilis w42 was destroyed completely by proteinase k treatme ...201222713985
the phytochemical content and antimicrobial activities of malaysian calophyllum canum (stem bark).recently there was huge increase in using of 'herbal products'. these can be defined as plants, parts of plants or extracts from plants that are used for curing disease. however, calophyllum species is a tropical plant and it has been used in traditional medicine, the limitation in safety and effectiveness information could lead to serious health problems. providing information for communities by evaluating the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities will impr ...201222713941
[screening, identification, and promoting effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in rhizosphere of taxus chinensis var. mairei].phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (psb) were isolated, screened and identified from the rhizosphere of taxus chinensis var. mairei, and growth-promoting effects on t. chinensis var. mairei by high effective psb were determined.201222712399
impact of processing method on recovery of bacteria from wipes used in biological surface sampling.environmental sampling for microbiological contaminants is a key component of hygiene monitoring and risk characterization practices utilized across diverse fields of application. however, confidence in surface sampling results, both in the field and in controlled laboratory studies, has been undermined by large variation in sampling performance results. sources of variation include controlled parameters, such as sampling materials and processing methods, which often differ among studies, as wel ...201222706055
hot and steamy: outbreak of bacillus cereus in singapore associated with construction work and laundry practices.a sudden increase in invasive infections caused by bacillus cereus group organisms prompted an investigation at the national university hospital in singapore.201222704635
growth of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus on salmon (oncorhynchus nerka).we previously demonstrated the widespread presence of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus in marine foods. in view of the widespread consumption of raw fish, we sought to determine the ability of this organism to grow on the surface of wild alaskan salmon at abusive temperatures (12, 16, and 20°c), using an isolate able to produce elevated levels of hemolysin bl enterotoxin and nonhemolytic enterotoxin. an incubation temperature of 37°c for colony formation was found to be selective for b. cereus gr ...201222691488
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus strain lct-bc244.bacillus cereus is a prevalent, soil-dwelling, gram-positive bacterium. some strains are harmful to humans and cause food-borne illness, while other strains can be beneficial as probiotics for animals. to gain insight into the bacterial genetic determinants, we report the genome sequence of a strain, lct-bc244, which was isolated from cgmcc 1.230.201222689237
generation of thiocillin ring size variants by prepeptide gene replacement and in vivo processing by bacillus cereus.the thiocillins from bacillus cereus atcc 14579 are natural products from the broader class of thiazolyl peptides. their biosynthesis proceeds via extensive post-translational modification of a ribosomally encoded precursor peptide. this post-translational tailoring involves a key step formal cycloaddition between two distal serine residues. in the wild-type structure, this cycloaddition forms a major macrocycle circumscribed by 26-atoms (shortest path). results presented herein demonstrate the ...201222686940
structure, biosynthesis, and properties of kurstakins, nonribosomal lipopeptides from bacillus spp.a new family of lipopeptides produced by bacillus thuringiensis, the kurstakins, was discovered in 2000 and considered as a biomarker of this species. kurstakins are lipoheptapeptides displaying antifungal activities against stachybotrys charatum. recently, the biosynthesis mechanism, the regulation of this biosynthesis and the potential new properties of kurstakins were described in the literature. in addition, kurstakins were also detected in other species belonging to bacillus genus such as b ...201222678024
association of bacillus cereus infection with contaminated alcohol prep pads.bacillus species have caused healthcare-associated outbreaks of invasive disease as well as pseudo-outbreaks. we report an outbreak investigation of blood cultures positive for bacillus cereus associated with alcohol prep pads (apps) contaminated with b. cereus and bacillus species resulting in a rapid internal product recall and subsequent international product recall.201222669227
efficient isolation and identification of bacillus cereus group.bacillus cereus is a group of ubiquitous facultative anaerobic sporeforming gram-positive rods commonly found in soil. the spores frequently contaminate a variety of foods, including produce, meat, eggs, and dairy products. foodborne illnesses associated with toxins produced by b. cereus can result in self-limiting diarrhea or vomiting. plate enumeration methods recommended by recognized food authorities to detect the presence of b. cereus in potentially contaminated food products do not inhibit ...201222649932
genome characteristics of a novel phage from bacillus thuringiensis showing high similarity with phage from bacillus cereus.bacillus thuringiensis is an important entomopathogenic bacterium belongs to the bacillus cereus group, which also includes b. anthracis and b. cereus. several genomes of phages originating from this group had been sequenced, but no genome of siphoviridae phage from b. thuringiensis has been reported. we recently sequenced and analyzed the genome of a novel phage, btcs33, from a b. thuringiensis strain, subsp. kurstaki cs33, and compared the gneome of this phage to other phages of the b. cereus ...201222649540
fluorescence-based comparative evaluation of bactericidal potency and food application potential of anti-listerial bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous samples.the aim of the present study was to ascertain the potency of anti-listerial bacteriocin produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from indigenous samples of dahi, dried fish, and salt-fermented cucumber. a total of 231 lab isolates were obtained from the samples, of which 51 isolates displayed anti-listerial activity. the anti-listerial lab were identified by pcr as lactobacillus sp., pediococcus sp., enterococcus sp., and lactococcus sp. pcr also enabled the detection of class iia bacteri ...201226781854
comparison of the potency of the lipid ii targeting antimicrobials nisin, lacticin 3147 and vancomycin against gram-positive bacteria.while nisin (lantibiotic), lacticin 3147 (lantibiotic) and vancomycin (glycopeptides) are among the best studied lipid ii-binding antimicrobials, their relative activities have never been compared. nisin and lacticin 3147 have been employed/investigated primarily as food preservatives, although they do have potential in terms of veterinary and clinical applications. vancomycin is used exclusively in clinical therapy. we reveal a higher potency for lacticin 3147 (mic 0.95-3.8 μg/ml) and vancomyci ...201226781852
detection of foodborne pathogens and analysis of aflatoxin levels in home-made doenjang samples.doenjang is a traditional korean fermented soybean product that provides a major source of protein. in this study, a total of 18 different home-made doenjang samples were examined for the presence of foodborne pathogens and the total aflatoxin levels. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess microbial quality and potential public health risk, we showed that total coliform levels in the doenjang samples ranged from 0 to 4.43±2.32 ×10(6) cfu/g, and the maximum limit of bacillus cereus ...201224471080
inhibition of macrophage migration by c. botulinum exoenzyme c3.c3-like exoenzymes are produced by various microorganism including clostridium botulinum (c3bot), bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus. c3bot is the prototype of c3-like exoenzymes that specifically adp-ribosylates and thereby inactivates rho(a/b/c). c3-like exoenzymes are not yet regarded as virulence factors, as the lack of cell entry domains results in a poor accessibility of the c3-like exoenzymes to cells. in this study, the sensitivity of various cell lines to c3bot has been reinvesti ...201222644106
production of the antimicrobial peptides caseicin a and b by bacillus isolates growing on sodium caseinate.the aim of this study was to identify bacillus isolates capable of degrading sodium caseinate and subsequently to generate bioactive peptides with antimicrobial activity.201222642665
interplay of rsbm and rsbk controls the σ(b) activity of bacillus cereus.the alternative transcription factor σ(b) of bacillus cereus controls the expression of a number of genes that respond to environmental stress. four proteins encoded in the sigb gene cluster, including rsbv, rsbw, rsby (rsbu) and rsbk, are known to be essential in the σ(b)-mediated stress response. in the context of stress, the hybrid sensor kinase rsbk is thought to phosphorylate the response regulator rsby, a pp2c serine phosphatase, leading to the dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated rsbv. ...201222640257
biologically active steroids from the aerial parts of vernonia anthelmintica willd.a new steroid, vernoanthelsterone a (1), and five known steroids were isolated from the aerial parts of vernonia anthelmintica willd. compound 1 possesses a δ(8(14))-15-one moiety. to our best knowledge, few steroids with this moiety have been reported before. compounds 1-6 were tested for their antibacterial activities and their effects on estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa-like cells (kgn cells). compound 2 showed the ability to promote estrogen biosynthesis with ec(50) of 56.95 ...201222634578
a piscidin-like antimicrobial peptide from the icefish chionodraco hamatus (perciformes: channichthyidae): molecular characterization, localization and bactericidal activity.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are considered one of the most ancient components of the innate immune system. they are able to exert their protection activity against a variety of microorganisms, and are widely distributed in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in this paper we focused on an amp identified in the antarctic teleost chionodraco hamatus, an icefish species. the cdna sequence of the amp, named chionodracine, is comprised of 515 bp and translates for a putative protein precursor of 80 ...201222982327
taiwanofungus camphorata nitroreductase: cdna cloning and biochemical characterisation.nitroreductases (nrs) play important roles in redox system via nadph or nadh as a reductant. a tcnr cdna encoding a putative nr was cloned from taiwanofungus camphorata. a 3-d structural model of the tcnr has been created based on the known structure of bcnr (bacillus cereus). to characterise the tcnr, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector and transformed into escherichia coli. the recombinant his(6)-tagged tcnr was purified by ni affinity chromatography. the purified enzyme ...201222980862
improvement of mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar by supplementing with trimethoprim for quantitative detection of bacillus cereus in foods.mannitol-yolk-polymyxin b agar (mypa) was modified by supplementation with trimethoprim. the ability of the supplemented medium to select for and recover bacillus cereus from pure cultures and food samples with high background microflora was compared with mypa. for evaluation of the modified mypa (mmypa) in food samples with high background microflora, b. cereus was experimentally spiked into red pepper powder, fermented soybean paste, vegetable salad, and radish sprouts, and then it was recover ...201222980022
comparison of sample preparation methods for the recovery of foodborne pathogens from fresh produce.sample preparation methods (pummeling, pulsifying, sonication, and shaking by hand) were compared for achieving maximum recovery of foodborne pathogens from iceberg lettuce, perilla leaves, cucumber, green pepper, and cherry tomato. antimicrobial and dehydration effects also were examined to investigate causes of poor recovery of pathogens. each produce type was inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus cereus at ...201222980003
phytochemical profiles of volatile constituents from centaurea ragusina leaves and flowers and their antimicrobial effects.the volatile oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of the croatian endemic plant centaurea ragusina l. were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. the chemical compositions, determined by gc and gc-ms, were complex, with sesquiterpenes the most abundant class of compound. nonterpene hydrocarbons were also identified in high quantities, while acids and ketones were found in high quantities only in the leaf volatile oil. aldehydes, alcohols, esters and other compounds were identified in lower q ...201222978236
functional properties of some new zealand fruit extracts towards selected probiotic and pathogenic bacteria.the functional properties of aqueous extracts of four fruits commonly consumed in new zealand, namely blueberry, strawberry, green kiwifruit and feijoa, towards the growth of probiotic and pathogenic bacteria were investigated in this study. a concentration range of 0.1-30.0 g/l was evaluated in a high-throughput assay to determine their effects. in general, the four fruit extracts exerted growth-stimulating effects on the probiotic bacteria, except with bifidobacterium longum, whereas they were ...201222968373
leukemic manifestation of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm lacking skin lesion : a borderline case between acute monocytic leukemia.blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (bpdcn) is a rare hematologic malignancy with a poor prognosis. we encountered a unique case of bpdcn that was leukemic at presentation without skin lesion and expressed cd33 antigen. a 74-year-old man was admitted because of dyspnea. physically, hepatosplenomegaly, but not skin lesions and superficial lymph node swelling, was noted. the white blood count was 33.6 × 10(9)/l with 19% giant abnormal cells. these cells were positive for cd4, cd86, cd123 ...201223037626
a case series of bacillus cereus septicemia in patients with hematological disease.bacillus cereus (b. cereus) septicemia is a cause of life-threatening infection in patients with hematologic diseases. however, preventing a fatal prognosis in patients with b. cereus infection has not yet been achieved due to insufficient clinical investigations. to discover more optimal treatment strategies, we analyzed b. cereus septicemia in patients with hematologic diseases.201223037464
sr1--a small rna with two remarkably conserved functions.sr1 is a dual-function srna that acts as a base-pairing regulatory rna on the ahrc mrna and as a peptide-encoding mrna on the gapa operon. the sr1-encoded peptide sr1p binds gapa thereby stabilizing gapa mrna. under glycolytic conditions, sr1 transcription is repressed by ccpn and ccpa. a computer-based search identified 23 sr1 homologues in bacillus, geobacillus, anoxybacillus and brevibacillus species. all homologues share a high structural identity with bacillus subtilis sr1, and the encoded ...201223034808
inactivation of bacillus cereus vegetative cells by gastric acid and bile during in vitro gastrointestinal transit. 201223034184
bacillus cereus iron uptake protein fishes out an unstable ferric citrate trimer.citrate is a common biomolecule that chelates fe(iii). many bacteria and plants use ferric citrate to fulfill their nutritional requirement for iron. only the escherichia coli ferric citrate outer-membrane transport protein feca has been characterized; little is known about other ferric citrate-binding proteins. here we report a unique siderophore-binding protein from the gram-positive pathogenic bacterium bacillus cereus that binds multinuclear ferric citrate complexes. we have demonstrated tha ...201223027976
impact of sorbic acid on germination and outgrowth heterogeneity of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores.population heterogeneity complicates the predictability of the outgrowth kinetics of individual spores. flow cytometry sorting and monitoring of the germination and outgrowth of single dormant spores allowed the quantification of acid-induced spore population heterogeneity at ph 5.5 and in the presence of sorbic acid. this showed that germination efficiency was not a good predictor for heterogeneity in final outgrowth.201223001664
production of keratinolytic enzyme by an indigenous feather-degrading strain bacillus cereus wu2.a novel feather-degrading microorganism was isolated from a poultry farm in taiwan, and was identified bacillus cereus wu2 according to 16s rrna sequencing. the isolated strain produces keratinolytic enzyme using chicken feather as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. the experimental results indicated that the extra carbon sources (glucose, fructose, starch, sucrose, or lactose) could act as a catabolite repressor to the enzyme secretion or keratinolytic activity when keratinous substrates were ...201222999356
effective microbes for simultaneous bio-oxidation of ammonia and manganese in biological aerated filter system.this study determined the most effective microbes acting as ammonia-oxidising (aob) and manganese-oxidising bacteria (mnob) for the simultaneous removal of ammonia (nh(4)(+)-n) and manganese (mn(2+)) from water. two conditions of mixed culture of bacteria: an acclimatised mixed culture (mixed culture: mc) in a 5-l bioreactor and biofilm attached on a plastic medium (stages of mixed culture: smc) in a biological aerated filter were isolated and identified using biolog microsystem and 16s rrna seq ...201222995166
isolation, identification and characterization of a glyphosate-degrading bacterium, bacillus cereus cb4, from soil.a bacterial strain named cb4, with highly effective glyphosate degradation capability, was isolated from soil after enrichment. on the basis of the biolog omnilog identification system (biolog) and 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequencing methods, strain cb4 was identified as bacillus cereus. further experiments were carried out to optimize the growth of strain cb4 and the glyphosate degradation activity by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the optimal conditions were found as follo ...201222990486
biosorption of as(v) from aqueous solutions by living cells of bacillus cereus.in this work, the biosorption of as(v) from aqueous solutions by living cells of bacillus cereus has been reported. the batch biosorption experiments were conducted with respect to biosorbent dosage 0.5 to 15 g/l, ph 2 to 9, contact time 5 to 90 min, initial concentration 1 to 10 mg/l and temperature 10 to 40 °c. the maximum biosorption capacity of b. cereus for as(v) was found to be 30.04 at ph 7.0, at optimum conditions of contact time of 30 min, biomass dosage of 6 g/l, and temperature of 30 ...201222907454
bacillus cereus infection outbreak in captive psittacines.this study reports an uncommon epizootic outbreak of bacillus cereus that caused the sudden death of 12 psittacines belonging to the species anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (1 individual), diopsittaca nobilis (1 individual), ara severa (1 individual) and ara ararauna (9 individuals) in a brazilian zoo. post-mortem examination of the animals reveled extensive areas of lung hemorrhage, hepatic congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis and cardiac congestion. histopathological examination of the organs showed t ...201222902190
isolation and characterization of two novel antibacterial cyclic hexapeptides from streptomyces alboflavus 313.two novel cyclic hexapeptides, designated nw-g08 (1) and nw-g09 (2), were isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces alboflavus 313. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, ms experiments, and chemical analysis. their antibacterial activities against several strains of bacteria were evaluated by micro-broth dilution method. nw-g08 (1) and nw-g09 (2) were highly antibacterial against gram-positive but not active against gram-negative bactaria. ...201222899617
statistical optimization of a novel low-cost medium based on regional agro-industrial by-products for the production of proteolytic enzymes by bacillus cereus.bacillus sp. are specific producers of peptidase amongst bacteria and peptidase enzymes and are of significant ones due to their multifarious applications. advances in industrial biotechnology offer potential opportunities for economic utilization of agro-industrial by-products for many biochemical reactions. due to their rich organic nature, they can serve as an ideal substrate for the production of different value added products like peptidases. in the present work, an attempt was made to opti ...201222897765
exposure to anacardiaceae volatile oils and their constituents induces lipid peroxidation within food-borne bacteria cells.the chemical composition of the volatile oils from five anacardiaceae species and their activities against gram positive and negative bacteria were assessed. the peroxidative damage within bacterial cell membranes was determined through the breakdown product malondialdehyde (mda). the major constituents in anacardium humile leaves oil were (e)-caryophyllene (31.0%) and α-pinene (22.0%), and in anacardium occidentale oil they were (e)-caryophyllene (15.4%) and germacrene-d (11.5%). volatile oil f ...201222893019
prevalence and levels of bacillus cereus emetic toxin in rice dishes randomly collected from restaurants and comparison with the levels measured in a recent foodborne outbreak.whereas the prevalence of bacillus cereus emetic strains in the environment has been shown to be very low, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of its toxin, cereulide, in food. yet, the rice leftovers of a family outbreak which occurred after the consumption of dishes taken away from an asian restaurant revealed significant amounts of cereulide, reaching up to 13,200 ng/g of food. the occurrence of cereulide in rice dishes collected from various restaurants was therefore evaluated u ...201222891880
[the significance of some potentially pathogenic microorganisms in occurence of food toxicoinfections. report 2. assessment of the role of toxigenic strains of bacillus cereus].the data on nomenclature, classification and taxonomy of aerobic spore-forming bacillus cereus are summarized. the main features of the two types of diseases, caused b. cereus, and statistical information on outbreaks of food-borne disease caused by b. cereus are presented. the detailed description of emetic toxin cereulide properties are given. the analysis of existing methods for detection of the presence of b. cereus and their toxins in foods are conducted. the data on the use of different ce ...201222888667
complete genome sequence of bacillus cereus nc7401, which produces high levels of the emetic toxin cereulide.we report the complete and annotated genome sequence of bacillus cereus nc7401, a representative of the strain group that causes emetic-type food poisoning. the emetic toxin, cereulide, is produced by a nonribosomal protein synthesis (nrps) system that is encoded by a gene cluster on a large resident plasmid, pnccld.201222887669
preparation, stability and antimicrobial activity of cationic cross-linked starch-iodine complexes.cationic cross-linked starch (ccs)-iodine complexes containing different amounts of quaternary ammonium groups (different degrees of substitution (ds)) and iodine have been obtained by iodine adsorption on ccs from aqueous iodine potassium iodide solution. equilibrium adsorption studies showed that with an increase of ds the amount of iodine adsorbed on ccs and the affinity of iodine to ccs increased linearly. the influences of the ds of ccs and the amount of adsorbed iodine on the stability of ...201222885019
development of a high-resolution melting-based approach for efficient differentiation among bacillus cereus group isolates.strains belonging to bacillus cereus group include six different species, among which are bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus weihenstephanensis, and bacillus cereus sensu stricto, a causative agent of food poisoning. sequence of the panc-housekeeping gene is used for b. cereus group affiliation to seven major phylogenetic groups (i-vii) with different ecological niches and variations in thermal growth range and spore heat resistance of b. cereus group microorganisms varies among phylogenetic group ...201222881064
screening and identification of polyhydroxyalkanoates producing bacteria and biochemical characterization of their possible application.polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) accumulating bacteria were isolated under various selective conditions such as ph, salt concentrations and types of heavy metal. fifty strains of bacterial isolates were found to belong to bacillus, proteus, pseudomonas, aeromonas, alcaligenes and chromobacterium, based on phenotypical features and genotypic investigation. only twenty five bacterial isolates were selected and observed for the production of phas. interestingly, bacteria belonging to firmucutes bacillu ...201222878735
the gut bacteria associated with camponotus japonicus mayr with culture-dependent and dgge methods.the bacterial composition and distribution in the different gut regions of camponotus japonicus were investigated using both culture-dependent method and culture-independent method of polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). five different bacterial strains were isolated using culture-dependent method, and they all belong to the phylum firmicutes, including three genera of bacteria bacillus, paenibacillus, and enterococcus. bacillus cereus and enterococcu ...201222878556
application of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the detection of enterotoxins produced by pathogenic strains of the bacillus cereus group.enterotoxins produced by different species of the bacillus cereus group, such as cytotoxin k1 (cytk1) and non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe), have been associated with diarrhoeal food poisoning incidents. detection of cytk1 is not possible with commercial assays while nhe is recognised by an immunological kit (tecra) that does not specifically target this protein because it is based on polyclonal antibodies. it is evident that the lack of suitable tools for the study of enterotoxins hampers the po ...201222875537
the constituents of essential oil: antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of micromeria congesta boiss. & hausskn. ex boiss. from east anatolia.the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, total phenol content, total antioxidant activity, and total oxidant status of the essential oil from micromeria congesta boiss. & hausskn. ex boiss. were investigated. steam distillation was used to obtain the essential oil, and the chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the antimicrobial activity was tested by an agar disc diffusion method against the tested microorganisms: bacillus subtilis nrrl b-744, bacillu ...201222871061
a new sphingolipid and furanocoumarins with antimicrobial activity from ficus exasperata.from the methanol extract of the stem bark of ficus exasperata, a new sphingolipid named ficusamide, (2s,3s,4r,11e)-2-[(2',3'-dihydroxyhexacosanoylamino)]-11-octadecene-1,3,4-triol (1), along with three known furanocoumarins, (s)-(-) oxypeucedanin hydrate (2), (r)-(+) oxypeucedanin hydrate (3), bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) and six other known compounds, were isolated. their structures were characterized basing on spectroscopic methods and chemical evidence. compounds (1-3) were analyzed for the ...201222863713
addition of bacillus sp. inoculums in bedding for swine on a pilot scale: effect on microbial population and bedding temperature.thermal and microbiological characteristics of beddings for swine were compared according to their depth and of addition of inoculums. bedding was added to boxes at 0.25 (25d) and 0.50 m (50d), with three treatments: control (no inoculums); t1, with 250 g of bacillus cereus var. toyoii at 8.4 × 10(7) cfu; and t2, with 250 g of a pool of b. subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus polymyxa at 8.4 × 10(7) cfu (250 g for 25d and 500 g for 50d). mean temperatures were 28.5 ± 3.9 at the surface ...201222858476
manduca sexta gloverin binds microbial components and is active against bacteria and fungi.hyalophora gloveri gloverin is a glycine-rich and heat stable antimicrobial protein with activity mainly against escherichia coli. however, spodoptera exigua gloverin is active against a gram-positive bacterium but inactive against e. coli. in this study, we investigated expression profile, binding ability and antimicrobial activity of manduca sexta gloverin (msglv). msglv transcript was detected in several tissues of naïve larvae with higher levels in the midgut and testis. expression of msglv ...201222858411
modulation of cell surface hydrophobicity and attachment of bacteria to abiotic surfaces and shrimp by malaysian herb extracts.the use of simple crude water extracts of common herbs to reduce bacterial attachment may be a cost-effective way to control bacterial foodborne pathogens, particularly in developing countries. the ability of water extracts of three common malaysian herbs (andrographis paniculata, eurycoma longifolia, and garcinia atroviridis) to modulate hydrophobicity and attachment to surfaces of five food-related bacterial strains (bacillus cereus atcc 14576, escherichia coli atcc 25922, pseudomonas aerugino ...201222856578
detection and enumeration of four foodborne pathogens in raw commingled silo milk in the united states.a nationwide survey was conducted to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on bacterial contamination of raw commingled silo milk intended for pasteurization. the levels of total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus were determined using the tempo system. the prevalence rates and levels of presumptive bacillus cereus, e. coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella spp. were determined in 214 samples. b. cereus was detected ...201222856561
toxin profile, antibiotic resistance, and phenotypic and molecular characterization of bacillus cereus in sunsik.sunsik, a ready-to-eat food in korea, is comprised of various agricultural and marine products, and has been an important concern in bacillus cereus food poisoning. the aim of this study was to investigate the toxin profiles, genotypic and phenotypic patterns as well as antibiotic resistance of b. cereus strains isolated from sunsik. a subtyping method known as automated repetitive sequence-based pcr system (diversilab™) was used to assess the intraspecific biodiversity of these isolates. thirty ...201222850397
prevalence of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in food samples associated with foodborne illness in alberta, canada from 2007 to 2010.consumption of foods containing staphylococcus aureus can cause severe gastro-intestinal illness. given the fact that over the past decade, canada has seen increasing rates of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) carriage and infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa) and mrsa on foodborne illness in alberta, canada. between january 2007 and december 2010, there were 693 food samples associated with foodborne investigations ...201222850394
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of dextran stabilized silver nanoparticles in aqueous medium.a simple one-step rapid synthetic route is described for the preparation of silver nanoparticles by reduction of silver nitrate (agno3) using aqueous dextran solution which acts as both reducing and capping agent. the formation of silver nanoparticles is assured by characterization with uv-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (afm), transmission electron microscopy (tem) and x-ray diffraction (xrd). the absorbance of the silver nanoparticles is observed at 423 nm. the afm image clearly show ...201224750927
photo-inactivation of bacillus endospores: inter-specific variability of inactivation efficiency.the aims of this work were to (a) evaluate the susceptibility of endospores of bacillus cereus, b. licheniformis, b. sphaericus and b. subtilis to photodynamic inactivation using a tricationic porphyrin as photosensitizer, (b) assess the efficiency of adsorption of the photosensitizer in endospore material as a determinant of the susceptibility of endospores of different bacillus species to photo-inactivation, (c) determine the value of b. cereus as a model organism for studies of antimicrobial ...201222823121
high-salt stress conditions increase the paw63 transfer frequency in bacillus thuringiensis.conjugation experiments with bacillus thuringiensis and transfer kinetics demonstrated that salt stress has a positive impact on plasmid transfer efficiency. compared to standard osmotic conditions (0.5% nacl), plasmid transfer occurred more rapidly, and at higher frequencies (>100-fold), when bacteria were exposed to a high-salt stress (5% nacl) in liquid brain heart infusion (bhi). under milder salt conditions (2.5% nacl), only a 10-fold effect was observed in luria-bertani broth and no differ ...201222820331
a pseudo-trna modulates antibiotic resistance in bacillus cereus.bacterial genomic islands are often flanked by trna genes, which act as sites for the integration of foreign dna into the host chromosome. for example, bacillus cereus atcc14579 contains a pathogenicity island flanked by a predicted pseudo-trna, trna(other), which does not function in translation. deletion of trna(other) led to significant changes in cell wall morphology and antibiotic resistance and was accompanied by changes in the expression of numerous genes involved in oxidative stress resp ...201222815980
biodegradation of malathion by brevibacillus sp. strain kb2 and bacillus cereus strain pu.we report here the degradation of a pesticide, malathion, by brevibacillus sp. strain kb2 and bacillus cereus strain pu, isolated from soil samples collected from malathion contaminated field and an army firing range respectively. both the strains were cultured in the presence of malathion under aerobic and energy-limiting conditions. both strains grew well in the medium having malathion concentration up to 0.15%. reverse phase hplc-uv analysis indicated that strain kb2 was able to degrade 72.20 ...201222805834
detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance determinants (teta and tetb) from food-borne bacillus cereus isolates.to investigate the detection and sequencing of plasmid encoded tetracycline resistance genes (teta and tetb) from food-borne and standard strains of bacillus cereus (b. cereus).201222805722
[gene expression and characterisation of three pullulanases from bacillus cereus gxbc-3].exploring excellent new pullulanase genes, and enriching pullulanase theory are of great importance to realize the industrialization of pullulanase. three genes, pula, pulb and pulc, encoding pullulanases, were cloned from bacillus cereus gxbc-3 by bioinformatics analyzing the open reading frame in bacillus cereus, annotated as putative i and ii pullulanases in the genbank database. characteristics of these recombinant enzymes were inducible intracellular expressed in escherichia coli, the resul ...201222803396
[endophytic bacterial community analysis of catharanthus roseus and its association with huanglongbing pathogen].to analyze the microbial diversity in healthy and hlb-affected catharanthus roseus under manual-grafting conditions and to find the association between the endophytic bacteria and the hlb pathogen.201222799214
[diversity and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula].in order to study diversity and find antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula.201222799208
modelling the effects of temperature and osmotic shifts on the growth kinetics of bacillus weihenstephanensis in broth and food products.bacillus weihenstephanensis is a psychrotolerant bacterium belonging to the bacillus cereus group. some strains may be cytotoxic although they have not been described as food-poisoning agents so far. the objective of this work is to model the effects of temperature and a(w) downshifts on the lag time of b. weihenstephanensis and the dependence of μ(max) on the growth conditions (temperature and a(w)). effects of temperature downshifts were studied on 30 experimental conditions (shifts magnitude ...201222795512
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