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age-specific alcohol prohibition and college students' drinking problems. 20133809354
modified technique for herbert screw insertion in fractures of the scaphoid. 20133805633
coping with aids. 20133796371
influence of membrane potential on calcium efflux from giant axons of loligo.experiments are described in which ca efflux is monitored in axons under voltage clamp. as ca efflux consists of more than one component, conditions were sought where one component predominates. thus external na-dependent ca efflux can be studied in relative isolation either at ph 9.0 or in fully poisoned axons immersed in ca-free media; external ca-dependent ca efflux can be studied in fully poisoned axons immersed in na-free media and the na-independent, energy requiring, pump is best examined ...20133795113
[acute attack of porphyria and its results]. 20133797280
the impact of documentation in home health care. 20133850893
breast reconstruction according to ptnm: our experience.reconstruction of the breast after radical mastectomy has become an integral part of the treatment and rehabilitation of the patient with breast cancer. any variants of radical mastectomy are the mainstay of the treatment of the majority of patients with breast cancer. we prefer modified radical mastectomy according to the madden-auchincloss technique, because the breast reconstruction after this procedure is easier from the anatomic point of view. the three major questions raised in regard to b ...20133775300
[radiobiological limits in conventional after-irradiation of breast cancer. addition 1: estimation of spatial dose distribution in conventional roentgen depth-therapy]. 20133775000
effects of a high-protein and low-fat diet vs a low-protein and high-fat diet on blood glucose, serum lipoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetics.six middle-aged patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and six normoglycemic control subjects were fed protein-rich and fat-poor (diet a) or protein-poor and fat-rich food (diet b). the patients were hyperglycemic, vldl triglycerides levels were higher, and hdl cholesterol levels lower than corresponding findings in control subjects. bile acid formation and biliary lipid composition did not differ between the two groups, but net steroid balance in the patients was elevated by a factor of ap ...20133812340
preferences, attitudes and personality as determinants of salt intake.thirty-six female subjects took part in a study involving using pre-weighed table and cooking salt pots, along with complete urine collections for 7 days. urinary sodium excretion was determined, and was used as an estimate of sodium (salt) intake. other measures taken were, most preferred concentration of salt in soup, blood pressure, body weight and height, along with questionnaires on general food preferences, attitudes to adding table salt to foods, and the eysenck personality inventory (epi ...20133771282
[hypercalcemia in manic-depressive patients during maintenance treatment with lithium]. 20133810907
graphic methods in pharmacokinetics: the basics.a considerable amount of information regarding the kinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion can be obtained by graphic analysis of plasma concentration and/or urinary excretion data. the simplest pharmacokinetic model is used to describe the analysis of drug concentration profiles in plasma after administration intravenous or nonvascular routes. methods to calculate pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic parameters include urinary excretion rate, cumulative excretion, and ...20133760243
clinical use of amiodarone.amiodarone is unique among the antiarrhythmic agents. despite its unusual pharmacokinetics and its potential toxicity, it is successful in managing both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. therefore, it is destined to become an important drug in our antiarrhythmic armamentarium.20133891691
[computer tomography in the assessment of neurologic complications in ankylosing spondylitis (the ct triad in the cauda equina syndrome)].cauda equina syndrome is a rare complication in advanced ankylosing spondylitis. to avoid invasive examinations a diagnostic triad is given so that etiological diagnosis can be achieved by ct.20133751352
left main coronary artery obstruction: clinical and angiographic study. 20133744410
[compression osteosynthesis of oblique and spiral fractures of the tibia]. 20133741363
findings with cis-z-clopenthixol in the treatment of acute mania and schizophrenia.the authors report the results of an open clinical trial with cis(z)-clopenthixol (cisordinol), the isolated cis-isomer of the clopenthixol racemate (sordinol). the drug was applied to 18 patients with severe forms of manic or schizophrenic disease, diagnosed according to icd 9. the compound was applied intravenously or orally, daily doses ranging from 10-160 mg. for the duration of the study (6 weeks) the patients were repeatedly rated with the cgi, bprs or imps (abbreviated version), and sever ...20133797470
depressives with secondary alcoholism: psychiatric disorders in offspring.the risk of psychiatric illness among the offspring of probands with major depression and secondary alcoholism was examined. the offspring aged 6-17 (n = 107) and 18 + (n = 171) of probands with major depression (114 with depression only and 19 with secondary alcoholism) were compared with the offspring aged 6-17 (n = 87) and 18 + (n = 103) of controls (n = 82). offspring of probands with secondary alcoholism had a threefold greater risk of alcoholism and a fivefold greater risk of antisocial pe ...20134010295
economics and hospital information systems. 20133715673
pancytopenia and other haematological findings in brucellosis.the haematological findings in 212 patients with brucellosis are presented, analysed, and the possible underlying pathogeneses discussed. pancytopenia and other haematological abnormalities were frequently found among the clinical features. as brucellosis is common in our region, and pancytopenia is a common presentation, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of all those clinical conditions leading to pancytopenia.20133715404
[primary tumors and tumor-like dysplastic processes of the spine in adults]. 20133714255
serious eye injury, resulting in blindness and enucleation of the damaged eye. 20133697604
the c3-f gene in patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms.the c3-f gene has previously been found associated with atherosclerotic vascular diseases. the occurrence of the c3-f gene was therefore investigated in a group of 110 hospitalized patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms. the c3-f gene occurred equally often in patients and controls. in patients with a ruptured aneurysm, however, the c3-f gene frequency was significantly increased in subjects aged 40-49 years followed by a marked and statistically significant decline with increasing age. t ...20133825492
formation in hepatic hydatid cysts. 20133708302
[primary hyperplasia of the adrenal medulla: precursor stages of pheochromocytomas?]. 20133674990
plasma exchange for failure of early resuscitation in thermal injuries. 20133648044
severe craniofacial sclerosis with multiple anomalies in a boy and his mother.a boy is described with severe hyperostosis of the cranium and facial bones, and many other abnormalities including macrocephaly, abnormal facies, cleft palate, conductive hearing loss, speech defect, dental and digital anomalies, delayed skeletal development, short fibulas, short stature of postnatal onset, cervical kyphosis, and progressive lumbar lordosis. his mother exhibited craniofacial sclerosis, similar dental defects, and mild osteopathia striata without other abnormalities. this family ...20133774390
studies in the imidazo(1,5-a)pyrazine system. 20134710096
studies in the imidazo(1,5-a)pyrazine system. 20134710096
[we must respect each other's professional boundaries]. 20133649974
using simulation activities to understand elderly aphasic speech disorders. 20133653708
[on review of the literature on public health nursing activities. on the postwar achievements of public health nurses]. 20133642051
a program of activities of daily living for the cognitively impaired. 20133632931
caring for low birth weight infants beyond the intensive care nursery: developing public policy. 20133636031
the voice of pragmatism. interview by martin vousden. 20133637814
[perception of the patient by students in clinical training in psychiatry: guidance of the students for the improvement of their attitudes]. 20133637509
allergens in hymenoptera venom. xvii. allergenic components of solenopsis invicta (imported fire ant) venom.pure venom from solenopsis invicta was collected by having the insects sting into a capillary tube. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) demonstrated that three major protein bands were present in the venom. a prototype commercial extract was compared and found to contain the three major venom proteins and additional components as well as high potency and specificity by rast. immunoblot studies were performed with sera from allergic individuals with blots prepared ...20133624682
monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity chromatography of the nerve growth factor from snake venoms.1. pure monoclonal antibodies to vipera lebetina venom nerve growth factor have been isolated by affinity chromatography using cnbr-agarose bound antigen. 2. nerve growth factors from ten snake venoms (vipera lebetina, vipera russellii, vipera berus berus, vipera ursini, echis carinatus, agkistrodon halys, bungarus caeruleus, naja naja oxiana, naja naja, naja naja atra) were purified using monoclonal antibodies against ngf linked to brcn-activated agarose.20133621902
[congenital cystoid dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts].in the world literature there are descriptions of about 60 cases of the caroli disease representing a congenital dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. unlike true cysts of the liver the cystoid dilatation of the ducts in caroli disease contains bile and features of chronic cholangitis prevail in the clinical picture of the disease. the diagnostics is difficult. intraoperative cholangiography is the most informative method.20133617371
[a catheter for cardiac catheterization]. 20133650375
[hierarchical analysis of the scale of widlöcher depressive abatement. hierarchical analysis]. 20133605936
[coracoclavicular ligamentplasty in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation]. 20133622124
dimensions of religiosity in old age: accounting for variation in types of participation.research on religiosity and aging has focused more on church attendance than on the religious role and the strength of beliefs and the extent of private devotions. this study of 123 older west texans examines the degree to which nine variables account for variation in both organized religious activities and private religious behavior. these include three social activity and interaction variables, three religion variables, and three personal variables (health, age, and income). strength of religi ...20133598084
subsidizing antihypertensive therapy for persons who can't pay (but may develop complications) suggested as long-term economical approach. 20133573263
[injuries connected with alcoholic intoxication]. 20133587954
[20 min/5 min clearance index of bromosulfophenolphthalein. a simple test of hepatic function]. 20133704272
[modification of visual perception by vision training].the course of the visual pathway as far as the sulcus temporalis superior is described and the change in the shape of the receptive fields is pointed out. the transformation of action potentials into conscious perception is interpreted as it was by eccles. a connection is made between the problem of learning and the plasticity of the spine synapses, the capacity of which can be considerably increased. in conclusion, it is pointed out that in cases of macular disease it is possible to stimulate p ...20133573667
symposium on evaluation of thyroid function in thyroidal and non-thyroidal disease. rotterdam, the netherlands, april 25, 1986. proceedings. 20133559055
reverse austin osteotomy for correction of hallux varus.a case of hallux varus and extensus of unusual etiology and treatment is presented. special emphasis is directed toward the angle formed between the first metatarsal base and medial cuneiform, which these investigators believe has not been previously described. the procedure performed is a reverse austin bunionectomy with a step-by-step outline of soft tissue procedures attempted before osteotomy. the cartilage at the first metatarsal head was medially adapted and of normal structure and functio ...20133559043
the use of metalloproteins as standards for x-ray microanalysis of biological material.thin films of metalloprotein, deposited directly onto carbon-formvar-coated electron microscope grids, provide a potentially useful, but little developed, type of standard for biological transmission x-ray microanalysis. the possibility of using various metalloproteins was investigated in terms of their suitability as standards, and compared with an evaporated film of gelatin-salt mixture. the metalloproteins that were selected comprised conalbumin (containing detectable s, fe), hemocyanin (s, k ...20133559034
[comparative clinical study of the antihypertensive effects of urapidil versus diazoxide in patients with severe arterial hypertension]. 20133553816
sucrase deficiency in greenland. incidence and genetic aspects.the disaccharidase activities in small-intestinal surgical biopsy specimens from 97 greenlanders were investigated. five of the patients, or 5%, had sucrase deficiency. the diagnosis, sucrose malabsorption, was established by sucrose tolerance tests. in all parts of the world other than the arctic regions sucrase deficiency is a rare condition. the patients were divided into three separate groups in accordance with their sucrase activity. the middle group was considered to be heterozygote carrie ...20133563408
plasma dexamethasone levels in depression: oral vs. i.v. administration. 20133562694
high-resolution ct of the lungs: an optimal approach.the influences of kilovolt peak, milliamperage, reconstruction algorithm, targeting, and image magnification on thin-section (1.5-mm) computed tomography (ct) of the lung were studied in phantoms and patients. retrospective targeted reconstruction (25-cm field of view) improved spatial resolution, while magnification did not. the bone reconstruction algorithm improved spatial resolution, compared with the standard algorithm, and in patients, bone algorithm images were considered superior to stan ...20133562834
[tubulointerstitial nephritis].a concept of the pathogenesis of tubular interstitial nephritis (tin) is presented, based on histologic, immunohistologic and electromicroscopic investigations on 61 patients with glomerulonephritis, lupus erythematodes and rheumatoid arthritis. the pathogenic model is a hypersensitivity reaction which leads to alterations in the tubular basement membrane (tbm) and results in changes in the tbm and secondary damage to stroma, vessels and tubular cells. the findings change depending on the stage, ...20133564728
comparative antianginal effects of nisoldipine and nifedipine in patients with chronic stable angina.the acute antianginal effects of 5 mg and 20 mg nisoldipine were compared with 20 mg nifedipine and placebo. maximal treadmill exercise testing was performed before and 3 hours after drug administration in 10 patients with chronic stable angina. resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure were unchanged following low-dose nisoldipine, but 20 mg nisoldipine and 20 mg nifedipine increased heart rate and decreased systolic arterial pressure (p less than 0.05). time (in seconds) to the onset of 0 ...20133544754
the hemophore hasa from yersinia pestis (hasayp) coordinates hemin with a single residue, tyr75, and with minimal conformational change.hemophores from serratia marcescens (hasa(sm)) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (hasa(p)) bind hemin between two loops, which harbor the axial ligands h32 and y75. hemin binding to the y75 loop triggers closing of the h32 loop and enables binding of h32. because yersinia pestis hasa (hasa(yp)) presents a gln at position 32, we determined the structures of apo- and holo-hasa(yp). surprisingly, the q32 loop in apo-hasa(yp) is already in the closed conformation, but no residue from the q32 loop binds hem ...201323578210
context-dependent protein folding of a virulence peptide in the bacterial and host environments: structure of an sych-yoph chaperone-effector complex.yersinia pestis injects numerous bacterial proteins into host cells through an organic nanomachine called the type 3 secretion system. one such substrate is the tyrosine phosphatase yoph, which requires an interaction with a cognate chaperone in order to be effectively injected. here, the first crystal structure of a sych-yoph complex is reported, determined to 1.9 å resolution. the structure reveals the presence of (i) a nonglobular polypeptide in yoph, (ii) a so-called β-motif in yoph and (iii ...201323519663
yopp-expressing variant of y. pestis activates a potent innate immune response affording cross-protection against yersiniosis and tularemia [corrected].plague, initiated by yersinia pestis infection, is a rapidly progressing disease with a high mortality rate if not quickly treated. the existence of antibiotic-resistant y. pestis strains emphasizes the need for the development of novel countermeasures against plague. we previously reported the generation of a recombinant y. pestis strain (kim53δj+p) that over-expresses y. enterocolitica yopp. when this strain was administered subcutaneously to mice, it elicited a fast and effective protective i ...201324358292
simultaneous and rapid detection of salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr).salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis are some serious human pathogens, which their early diagnosis is of great importance. salmonella typhi, bacillus anthracis, and yersinia pestis cause typhoid fever, anthrax, and plague respectively. these bacteria can be used to make biologic weapons.201324719692
customizable pcr-microplate array for differential identification of multiple pathogens.customizable pcr-microplate arrays were developed for the rapid identification of salmonella typhimurium, salmonella saintpaul, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, escherichia coli o157:h7, francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, yersinia pestis, and yersinia pseudotuberculosis. previously, we identified highly specific primers targeting each of these pathogens. here, we report the development of customizable ...201324215700
reverse transcription-pcr-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for rapid detection of biothreat and common respiratory pathogens.electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) analysis of reverse transcription (rt)-pcr amplicons from human respiratory samples allows for broad pathogen identification approximately 8 h after collection. we investigated the performance characteristics of a high-throughput rt-pcr-coupled esi-ms assay for distinguishing biothreat (bt) agents from common bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid specimens from subjects with suspected respirator ...201323903543
features of variable number of tandem repeats in yersinia pestis and the development of a hierarchical genotyping scheme.variable number of tandem repeats (vntrs) that are widely distributed in the genome of yersinia pestis proved to be useful markers for the genotyping and source-tracing of this notorious pathogen. in this study, we probed into the features of vntrs in the y. pestis genome and developed a simple hierarchical genotyping system based on optimized vntr loci.201323805236
intranasal prophylaxis with cpg oligodeoxynucleotide can protect against yersinia pestis infection.immunomodulatory agents potentially represent a new class of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. here, we demonstrate that prophylaxis with immunomodulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanidine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotide (odn), a toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) agonist, confers protection against yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague. the data establish that intranasal administration of cpg odn 1 day prior to lethal pulmonary exposure to y. pestis strain kim d27 significantly improves survival of c57bl/ ...201323545300
structural modifications of bacterial lipopolysaccharide that facilitate gram-negative bacteria evasion of host innate immunity.bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), a cell wall component characteristic of gram-negative bacteria, is a representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that allows mammalian cells to recognize bacterial invasion and trigger innate immune responses. the polysaccharide moiety of lps primary plays protective roles for bacteria such as prevention from complement attacks or camouflage with common host carbohydrate residues. the lipid moiety, termed lipid a, is recognized by the toll-like recept ...201323745121
francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis induces a unique pulmonary inflammatory response: role of bacterial gene expression in temporal regulation of host defense responses.pulmonary exposure to francisella tularensis is associated with severe lung pathology and a high mortality rate. the lack of induction of classical inflammatory mediators, including il1-β and tnf-α, during early infection has led to the suggestion that f. tularensis evades detection by host innate immune surveillance and/or actively suppresses inflammation. to gain more insight into the host response to francisella infection during the acute stage, transcriptomic analysis was performed on lung t ...201323690939
development of a panel of recombinase polymerase amplification assays for detection of biothreat agents.syndromic panels for infectious disease have been suggested to be of value in point-of-care diagnostics for developing countries and for biodefense. to test the performance of isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays, we developed a panel of 10 rpas for biothreat agents. the panel included rpas for francisella tularensis, yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis, variola virus, and reverse transcriptase rpa (rt-rpa) assays for rift valley fever virus, ebola virus, sudan virus, and ...201323345286
pathogenicity of yersinia pestis synthesis of 1-dephosphorylated lipid a.synthesis of escherichia coli lpxl, which transfers a secondary laurate chain to the 2' position of lipid a, in yersinia pestis produced bisphosphoryl hexa-acylated lipid a at 37°c, leading to significant attenuation of virulence. our previous observations also indicated that strain χ10015(pcd1ap) (δlpxp32::p(lpxl) lpxl) stimulated a strong inflammatory reaction but sickened mice before recovery and retained virulence via intranasal (i.n.) infection. the development of live, attenuated y. pestis ...201323357387
the kdpd/kdpe two-component system: integrating k⁺ homeostasis and virulence.the two-component system (tcs) kdpd/kdpe, extensively studied for its regulatory role in potassium (k(+)) transport, has more recently been identified as an adaptive regulator involved in the virulence and intracellular survival of pathogenic bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus, entero-haemorrhagic escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, yersinia pestis, francisella species, photorhabdus asymbiotica, and mycobacteria. key homeostasis requirements monitored by kdpd/kdpe and other tcss suc ...201323555240
evaluation of the filmarray® system for detection of bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis and yersinia pestis.to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the biofire diagnostics filmarray(®) system in combination with their biothreat panel for the detection of bacillus anthracis (ba), francisella tularensis (ft) and yersinia pestis (yp) dna, and demonstrate the detection of ba spores.201323279070
physiological levels of glucose induce membrane vesicle secretion and affect the lipid and protein composition of yersinia pestis cell surfaces.yersinia pestis grown with physiologic glucose increased cell autoaggregation and deposition of extracellular material, including membrane vesicles. membranes were characterized, and glucose had significant effects on protein, lipid, and carbohydrate profiles. these effects were independent of temperature and the biofilm-related locus pgm and were not observed in yersinia pseudotuberculosis.201323686263
the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase influences the virulence and stress responses of yersiniae and many other pathogens.microbes are incessantly challenged by both biotic and abiotic stressors threatening their existence. therefore, bacterial pathogens must possess mechanisms to successfully subvert host immune defenses as well as overcome the stress associated with host-cell encounters. to achieve this, bacterial pathogens typically experience a genetic re-programming whereby anti-host/stress factors become expressed and eventually translated into effector proteins. in that vein, the bacterial host-cell induced ...201324312901
strategy for sensitive and specific detection of yersinia pestis in skeletons of the black death pandemic.yersinia pestis has been identified as the causative agent of the black death pandemic in the 14(th) century. however, retrospective diagnostics in human skeletons after more than 600 years are critical. we describe a strategy following a modern diagnostic algorithm and working under strict ancient dna regime for the identification of medieval human plague victims. an initial screening and dna quantification assay detected the y. pestis specific pla gene of the high copy number plasmid ppcp1. re ...201324069445
crystallization of the acyl-coa thioesterase tesb from yersinia pestis.yersinia pestis is a highly virulent human pathogen and is the causative agent of bubonic plague. spread through the bite of infected fleas, plague epidemics have marked important events in history, including the justinian plague (6th century), the black death (14th century) which decimated nearly one quarter of the european population, and more recently the orientalis plague (1894). to date, deaths are still being reported and, without treatment, the disease kills most people within 4 days. one ...201323385765
rapid focused sequencing: a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection and strain typing of bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis.the intentional release of bacillus anthracis in the united states in 2001 has heightened concern about the use of pathogenic microorganisms in bioterrorism attacks. many of the deadliest bacteria, including the class a select agents bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis, are highly infectious via the pulmonary route when released in aerosolized form. hence, rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods for detection of these biothreats and characterization of their potential ...201323418519
a sensitive & specific multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, burkholderia pseudomallei & brucella species.bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, burkholderia pseudomallei and brucella species are potential biowarfare agents. classical bacteriological methods for their identification are cumbersome, time consuming and of potential risk to the handler.201324056564
decontamination of a hospital room using gaseous chlorine dioxide: bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis.this study assessed the efficacy of gaseous chlorine dioxide for inactivation of bacillus anthracis, francisella tularensis, and yersinia pestis in a hospital patient care suite. spore and vegetative cells of bacillus anthracis sterne 34f2, spores of bacillus atrophaeus atcc 9372 and vegetative cells of both francisella tularensis atcc 6223 and yersinia pestis a1122 were exposed to gaseous chlorine dioxide in a patient care suite. organism inactivation was then assessed by log reduction in viabl ...201323971883
the use of colorimetric sensor arrays to discriminate between pathogenic bacteria.a colorimetric sensor array is a high-dimensional chemical sensor that is cheap, compact, disposable, robust, and easy to operate, making it a good candidate technology to detect pathogenic bacteria, especially potential bioterrorism agents like yersinia pestis and bacillus anthracis which feature on the center for disease control and prevention's list of potential biothreats. here, a colorimetric sensor array was used to continuously monitor the volatile metabolites released by bacteria in soli ...201323671629
fast identification of yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis and francisella tularensis based on conventional pcr.rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for detection and identification of y pestis, b. anthracis and f. tularensis are essential for timely initial appropriate treatment of exposed individuals, which will be critical to their survival, as well as for reduction of the public health impact and the spread of the disease. the paper presents application of fast polymerases and fast dry electrophoresis in conventional pcr as an alternative for real-time pcr application for detection and identification o ...201324730142
[bioterrorism and pathogenic microorganisms].in recent years the use of pathogenic microorganisms in acts of bioterrorism has been the subject of major concern in many countries. this paper presents a possible application of viruses and bacteria for warfare and terrorist purposes, as well as a laboratory diagnosis to identify those agents. the viruses of smallpox (orthopoxvirus), of hemorrhagic fever and those belonging to filovirus have been highlighted, inter alia, as agents of human infection with bioterrorist intent. among the bacteria ...201324473660
reverse line blot macroarray for simultaneous detection and characterization of four biological warfare agents.the need for a rapid detection and characterization of biowarfare (bw) agents cannot be over emphasized. with diverse array of potential bw pathogen available presently, rapid identification of the pathogen is crucial, so that specific therapy and control measures can be initiated. we have developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction based reverse line blot macroarray to simultaneously detect four pathogens of bw importance viz. bacillus anthracis, yersinia pestis, brucella melitensis and bur ...201324426077
applications of docking and molecular dynamic studies on the search for new drugs against the biological warfare agents bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis.the fear of biological warfare agents (bwa) use by terrorists is the major concern of the security agencies and health authorities worldwide today. the non-existence of vaccines or drugs against most bwa and the possibility of genetic modified strains has turned the search for new drugs to a state of urgency. fast in silico techniques are, therefore, perfect tools for this task once they can quickly provide structures of several new lead compounds for further experimental work. here we try to pr ...201324341424
role of yersinia pestis toxin complex family proteins in resistance to phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.yersinia pestis carries homologues of the toxin complex (tc) family proteins, which were first identified in other gram-negative bacteria as having potent insecticidal activity. the y. pestis tc proteins are neither toxic to fleas nor essential for survival of the bacterium in the flea, even though tc gene expression is highly upregulated and much more of the tc proteins yita and yipa are produced in the flea than when y. pestis is grown in vitro. we show that tc(+) and tc(-) y. pestis strains a ...201323959716
an alternative outer membrane secretion mechanism for an autotransporter protein lacking a c-terminal stable core.autotransporter (at) proteins are a broad class of virulence factors from gram-negative pathogens. at outer membrane (om) secretion appears simple in many regards, yet the mechanism that enables transport of the central at 'passenger' across the om remains unclear. om secretion efficiency for two at passengers is enhanced by approximately 20 kda stable core at the c-terminus of the passenger, but studies on a broader range of at proteins are needed in order to determine whether a stability diffe ...201324118465
analysis of autoinducer-2 quorum sensing in yersinia pestis.the autoinducer-2 (ai-2) quorum-sensing system has been linked to diverse phenotypes and regulatory changes in pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, we performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of the ai-2 system in yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. in strain co92, the ai-2 signal is produced in a luxs-dependent manner, reaching maximal levels of 2.5 μm in the late logarithmic growth phase, and both wild-type and pigmentation (pgm) mutant strains made equivalent l ...201323959719
structural basis for hypermodification of the wobble uridine in trna by bifunctional enzyme mnmc.methylaminomethyl modification of uridine or 2-thiouridine (mnm5u34 or mnm5s2u34) at the wobble position of trnas specific for glutamate, lysine and arginine are observed in escherichia coli and allow for specific recognition of codons ending in a or g. in the biosynthetic pathway responsible for this post-transcriptional modification, the bifunctional enzyme mnmc catalyzes the conversion of its hypermodified substrate carboxymethylaminomethyl uridine (cmnm5u34) to mnm5u34. mnmc catalyzes the fl ...201323617613
early host cell targets of yersinia pestis during primary pneumonic plague.inhalation of yersinia pestis causes primary pneumonic plague, a highly lethal syndrome with mortality rates approaching 100%. pneumonic plague progression is biphasic, with an initial pre-inflammatory phase facilitating bacterial growth in the absence of host inflammation, followed by a pro-inflammatory phase marked by extensive neutrophil influx, an inflammatory cytokine storm, and severe tissue destruction. using a fret-based probe to quantitate injection of effector proteins by the y. pestis ...201324098126
ail proteins of yersinia pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis have different cell binding and invasion activities.the yersinia pestis adhesin ail mediates host cell binding and facilitates delivery of cytotoxic yop proteins. ail from y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis is identical except for one or two amino acids at positions 43 and 126 depending on the y. pseudotuberculosis strain. ail from y. pseudotuberculosis strain ypiii has been reported to lack host cell binding ability, thus we sought to determine which amino acid difference(s) are responsible for the difference in cell adhesion. y. pseudotubercul ...201324386237
[transcriptional regulation of dps by oxyr protein in yersinia pestis].to study the transcriptional regulation mechanism of dps by oxyr in yersinia pestis.201324195375
human single-chain urokinase is activated by the omptins pgte of salmonella enterica and pla of yersinia pestis despite mutations of active site residues.fibrinolysis is important in cell migration and tightly regulated by specific inhibitors and activators; of the latter, urokinase (upa) associates with enhancement of cell migration. active upa is formed through cleavage of the single-chain upa (scupa). the salmonella enterica strain 14028r cleaved human scupa at the peptide bond lys158-ile159, the site cleaved also by the physiological activator human plasmin. the cleavage led to activation of scupa, while no cleavage or activation were detecte ...201323763588
integrating high-content imaging and chemical genetics to probe host cellular pathways critical for yersinia pestis infection.the molecular machinery that regulates the entry and survival of yersinia pestis in host macrophages is poorly understood. here, we report the development of automated high-content imaging assays to quantitate the internalization of virulent y. pestis co92 by macrophages and the subsequent activation of host nf-κb. implementation of these assays in a focused chemical screen identified kinase inhibitors that inhibited both of these processes. rac-2-ethoxy-3 octadecanamido-1-propylphosphocholine ( ...201323383093
fast and simple detection of yersinia pestis applicable to field investigation of plague foci.yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus, has a rodent-flea-rodent life cycle but can also persist in the environment for various periods of time. there is now a convenient and effective test (f1-dipstick) for the rapid identification of y. pestis from human patient or rodent samples, but this test cannot be applied to environmental or flea materials because the f1 capsule is mostly produced at 37°c. the plasminogen activator (pla), a key virulence factor encoded by a y. pestis-specific plasmid, is ...201323383008
recombinant salmonella vaccination technology and its application to human bacterial pathogens.salmonella enterica is a gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen which causes salmonellosis in humans and animals. during the past several decades, extensive studies have shown that the attenuated salmonella vaccine vector is an optimal vehicle for delivering passenger antigens to mucosal sites to induce humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. this immunity leads to protection against challenges with the wild-type pathogens from which the passenger antigens were derived. a myriad of stud ...201323360265
evaluation of protective potential of yersinia pestis outer membrane protein antigens as possible candidates for a new-generation recombinant plague vaccine.plague caused by yersinia pestis manifests itself in bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic forms. although the u.s. food and drug administration recently approved levofloxacin, there is no approved human vaccine against plague. the capsular antigen f1 and the low-calcium-response v antigen (lcrv) of y. pestis represent excellent vaccine candidates; however, the inability of the immune responses to f1 and lcrv to provide protection against y. pestis f1(-) strains or those which harbor variants of lc ...201323239803
exsa and lcrf recognize similar consensus binding sites, but differences in their oligomeric state influence interactions with promoter dna.exsa activates type iii secretion system (t3ss) gene expression in pseudomonas aeruginosa and is a member of the arac family of transcriptional regulators. arac proteins contain two helix-turn-helix (hth) dna binding motifs. one helix from each hth motif inserts into the major groove of the dna to make base-specific contacts with the promoter region. the amino acids that comprise the hth motifs of exsa are nearly identical to those in lcrf/virf, the activators of t3ss gene expression in the path ...201324142246
thiamine triphosphatase and the cyth superfamily of proteins.the cyth superfamily of proteins was named after its two founding members, the cyab adenylyl cyclase from aeromonas hydrophila, and the human 25-kda thiamine triphosphatase (thtpase). members of this superfamily of proteins exist in all organisms, including bacteria, archaeons, fungi, plants, and animals (except birds), and can be traced back to the last universal common ancestor. their sequences include several charged residues involved in divalent cation and triphosphate binding. indeed, all m ...201324021036
identification of anziaic acid, a lichen depside from hypotrachyna sp., as a new topoisomerase poison inhibitor.topoisomerase inhibitors are effective for antibacterial and anticancer therapy because they can lead to the accumulation of the intermediate dna cleavage complex formed by the topoisomerase enzymes, which trigger cell death. here we report the application of a novel enzyme-based high-throughput screening assay to identify natural product extracts that can lead to increased accumulation of the dna cleavage complex formed by recombinant yersinia pestis topoisomerase i as part of a larger effort t ...201323593306
managing iron supply during the infection cycle of a flea borne pathogen, bartonella henselae.bartonella are hemotropic bacteria responsible for emerging zoonoses. most bartonella species appear to share a natural cycle that involves an arthropod transmission, followed by exploitation of a mammalian host in which they cause long-lasting intra-erythrocytic bacteremia. persistence in erythrocytes is considered an adaptation to transmission by bloodsucking arthropod vectors and a strategy to obtain heme required for bartonella growth. bartonella genomes do not encode for siderophore biosynt ...201324151576
a high-throughput screen for quorum-sensing inhibitors that target acyl-homoserine lactone synthases.many proteobacteria use n-acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-hsl) quorum sensing to control specific genes. acyl-hsl synthesis requires unique enzymes that use s-adenosyl methionine as an acyl acceptor and amino acid donor. we developed and executed an enzyme-coupled high-throughput cell-free screen to discover acyl-hsl synthase inhibitors. the three strongest inhibitors were equally active against two different acyl-hsl synthases: burkholderia mallei bmai1 and yersinia pestis yspi. two of these inhi ...201323924613
inactivation of vegetative bacterial threat agents on environmental surfaces.following a wide-area biological terror attack, numerous decontamination technologies, techniques, and strategies will be required for rapid remediation. establishing an understanding of how disinfectants will perform under field conditions is of critical importance. the purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of several liquid decontaminants, when used to inactivate vegetative biological agents on environmental surfaces. aluminum, carpet, concrete, glass, and wood coupons were inocu ...201323208274
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