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[development of an immunoenzyme method for detecting francisella tularensis].the conditions permitting the determination of f. tularesis cells by means of the enzyme immunoassay (eia) in 3-5 hours have been established. ways for enhancing the reliability of results obtained in the assay of the least possible amount of the test material have been proposed. the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid eia technique permitting the determination of f. tularensis cells at a concentration of 20 000 cells/ml in the presence of other bacterial cells in 100-fold excess have been ...19863962541
tularemia and rhabdomyolysis.rhabdomyolysis as a complication of tularemia occurred in four patients in tennessee over a four-year period. all patients were severely ill and had renal failure. tularemia was not suspected initially in any of these patients. one patient died of complications of rhabdomyolysis. at autopsy, multiple abscesses were present within skeletal muscle, suggesting that rhabdomyolysis resulted from direct muscle involvement with francisella tularensis. tularemia should be considered in the differential ...19853965776
response of tularemic meningitis to antimicrobial therapy.a 60-year-old man had pyogenic meningitis due to francisella tularensis acquired by tick bite. his disease initially improved but later relapsed after a standard course of streptomycin. complete resolution resulted from prolonged combined therapy with streptomycin and tetracycline. successful treatment of acute tularemic meningitis has not previously been reported. our experience suggests that therapy should include agents that reliably penetrate the csf, that is, tetracycline or chloramphenicol ...19853975716
[effect of immunization with tularemia vaccine on 3,4-benz[a]pyrene-induced blastomogenesis and mutagenesis in rats].the living tularemia vaccine is studied for its effect on rat tumours and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells during 3,4-benz(a)pyrene injection (bp). it is established that a single epicutaneous vaccination of rats decreases the incidence of bp-induced tumours, prolongs the latent period and reduces the mean weight of tumours as well as lowers the number of myelocaryocytes with chromosome aberrations when bp is administered 15 days after immunization. 125 days after a single subcutaneou ...19853979338
[preliminary study of tularemia in humans and the tick (dermacenter marginatus) populations in ta-cheng district of the xinjiang uygur autonomous region]. 19853995569
determination of monounsaturated double-bond position and geometry in the cellular fatty acids of the pathogenic bacterium francisella tularensis.the nonhydroxy fatty acid composition of francisella tularensis is reported in detail. the double-bond configuration of the monounsaturated acids has been determined by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the derivatized fatty acids. the monounsaturated fatty acids detected, in decreasing order of abundance, were 24:1 omega 15c, 18:1 omega 9c, 22:1 omega 13c, 20:1 omega 11c, 16:1 omega 7c, 26:1 omega 17c, and 14:1 omega 7c. the fatty acid profile found in f. tularensis, in particul ...19853998104
oculoglandular syndrome caused by francisella tularensis.oculoglandular syndrome developed in a 9-year-old boy with a recent history of tick bites and minor eye trauma. francisella tularensis was isolated on chemically supplemented chocolate agar from a swab of a conjunctival ulcer and an aspirate of a preauricular lymph node, confirming the diagnosis of tularemia. in addition, a rise in agglutination titer to the pathogen was detected in paired sera. the differential diagnosis of oculoglandular syndrome is discussed, with emphasis on the clinical cha ...19854017402
[experimental multifactorial study of the effect of doxycycline and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide on the primary immunologic response to antigens of a tularemia vaccine strain].the effect of the combined use of doxycycline and glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (gmdp) on the primary immune response to antigens of tularemia vaccine was studied on cba male mice with the use of the multifactorial design of experiment. antibodies to the blood serum of the immunized animals were determined by the passive hemagglutination test with the use of the tularemia antigen diagnosticum. the delayed type hypersensitivity was estimated by changes in the weight of the extremities of the expe ...19854026257
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of francisella tularensis with a modified mueller-hinton broth.a modified mueller-hinton broth was developed to perform antimicrobial susceptibility tests on francisella tularensis. adequate growth of the organism was obtained within 24 h of inoculation, and mics could be read at that time. we tested 15 selected strains of f. tularensis and five reference quality control strains in this medium with 36 antimicrobial agents. the mics of the aminoglycosides and tetracycline increased 1 to 3 dilutions in this medium compared with those in the usual medium, but ...19854031036
tick-borne tularemia. an outbreak of lymphadenopathy in children.between june 1 and july 15, 1984, twenty persons with glandular tularemia were identified on the lower brule and crow creek indian reservations in south dakota. the median age of the patients was 6 years (range, 2 to 20 years). the clinical illness was mild, consisting of fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. all lymphadenopathy was in the head and neck area. dermacentor variabilis ticks were identified as the vector. although the mild clinical illness suggested francisella tularensis, type b, w ...19854057512
humoral immunity against francisella tularensis after natural infection.forty-two subjects with acute tularemia were studied for the occurrence of c-reactive protein (crp), and 73 subjects with acute tularemia or experience of the disease within the last 11 years were studied for immunoglobulin m (igm), iga, and igg class-specific antibodies, agglutinating antibodies, and complement-fixing antibodies to francisella tularensis by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the tube agglutination test, and a complement-fixing elisa. the incubation time between ...19854066925
[effect of immunization with live tularemia vaccine on the growth of various tumor strains in rats].the paper deals with a study of the effect of a single challenge with living tularemia vaccine on the growth of such transplantable tumors as zajdela's hepatoma, pliss' lymphosarcoma, walker's carcinosarcoma, schwetz' erythromyelosis and sarcoma 45 in wistar rats. immunization was followed by a significant (37.2-86%) inhibition of the rate of growth of the said tumors. ascites was detected in half the vaccinated animals of zajdela's hepatoma series, this being matched by 100% in controls.19854072086
humoral immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine. complement fixing antibodies determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cf-elisa).a complement-fixing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cf-elisa) with bacterial sonicate as the antigen, human ab serum as the source of complement and alkaline-phosphatase-labelled anti-(human c3c) as the conjugate was developed for detecting antibodies to francisella tularensis. humoral responses after inoculation with a live attenuated tularemia vaccine were studied in 13 subjects by this method. twelve responded with cf antibodies, which in most cases appeared 4 weeks after vaccination, the ...19854082752
airborne transmission of tularemia in farmers.in a tularemia epidemic during 1982 in northern finland, 53 patients showed no peripheral portal of entry for infection or associated lymphadenopathy. respiratory symptoms were observed in 72% of the patients. 26/38 cases had abnormal chest films. hilar adenopathy was the most common finding (36%). four patients did not receive antibiotics; 43 received tetracyclines, 5 streptomycin and 1 cefuroxime and amoxycillin. all patients recovered. 50 patients acquired the infection during common farming ...19854089543
[effect of the combined use of rifampicin and a low-molecular immunomodulator of natural origin on the primary immune response to the antigens of a tularemia vaccinal strain].the effect of rifampicin combination with a natural low molecular immunomodulator on the primary immune response to the antigens of tularemia vaccine was studied with the methods of multifactor designing of the experiment. the dependence of the delayed hypersensitivity and antibody titer on doses of the antibiotic and immunomodulator and the time of the immunomodulator administration was manifested by the second order equation. nomographs for precise quantitative estimation of the doses and regi ...19854091512
[properties of the plasmid pft15/10-1 isolated from the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis].plasmid, designated pft15/10-1, was isolated from francisella tularensis vaccine strain 15/10. the plasmid is presented by the homogeneous 5.02 +/- 0.054 md monomeric circular dna molecules in electron microscopic preparations. plasmid size is 7-7.3 kb as defined by electrophoresis in agarose gel. the restriction analysis has revealed that plasmid pft15/10-1 possesses a single specific cleavage site for restriction endonuclease ecori, two sites for restriction endonucleases bamhi, bgiii, hincii, ...19853025707
[rise in the epizootic activity of a natural focus of steppe-type tularemia in stavropol territory and its epidemic consequences].one of recurrent autumn and winter rises in the epizootic activity of the steppe-type focus of tularemia in the stavropol territory is described. during the tularemia epizooty of 1981-1982 the population of common voles (microtus arvalis) was very numerous, while the population of house mice (mus musculus) was comparatively scarce. francisella tularensis strains were isolated from different species of rodents (microtus arvalis, mus musculus, apodemus sylvanicus, rattus norvegicus, lepus, etc.), ...19853158139
[effect of a live tularemia vaccine on chemical mutagenesis in white rats].the influence of immunization with tularemic live dry vaccine applied singularly to wistar rats skin on mutagenicity induced by cyclophosphamide, methylnitrosourea, benzo (a) pyrene, chloroprene and tetrachlorbutane was studied. the chemical compounds indicated were injected intraperitoneally at doses equal to one fifth of ld50 in 15 days after vaccination. the same doses of these chemicals were applied to intact rats (controls). metaphase plates were prepared from rat bone marrows by known meth ...19853840760
a family outbreak of tularemia.a family cluster of tularemia is described. in a family of three members different clinical type of the disease occurred after having been exposed to a sick wild hare. from the hare kidney francisella tularensis type 1 was isolated. pneumonic, typhoid-like tularemia occurred in the father who inhaled hare skin hairs and an ulceroglandular form in the mother and in the child who had direct contact with the animal.19853842118
francisella tularensis.francisella tularensis is an infection acquired from animals. although the pathogen is not a cause of nosocomial infections, it is a major hazard to workers in the clinical microbiology laboratory and could easily become a problem for the infection control officer in this setting. the organism can be cultured from many sites but is difficult to recover unless the appropriate media are used. a number of clinical syndromes are caused by this pathogen. most are characterized by an ulceration and re ...19853850862
weight reduction of thymus and depletion of lymphocytes of t-dependent areas in peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice infected with francisella tularensis.when balb/c mice (young and adult animals of both sexes) were infected intraperitoneally with 10(3) viable cells of francisella tularensis (10(2) 50% lethal dose), all mice in these groups died on day 4. reductions in thymus weights and in numbers of thymic cortex lymphocytes were observed in all the groups, but the decline was not so severe in the young females. increases of plasma corticosterone in the adult males began 1 day after infection, but in the young females, the levels did not increa ...19853875562
interleukin 2 production in whole blood culture: a rapid test of immunity to francisella tularensis.the measurement of interleukin 2 from antigen-stimulated whole blood culture supernatants was used to detect cell-mediated immunity in subjects sensitized against francisella tularensis. the amount of interleukin 2 produced differentiated a positive immune reaction sensitively and reliably in a 24-h culture. whole blood culturing is an easy method for producing interleukin 2.19853875626
long-lasting cell-mediated immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine.the lymphocyte stimulation test was used to estimate specific cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. nonvaccinated individuals and individuals vaccinated 1, 5 to 6, 7 to 8, and 9 years previously were tested. lymphocytes from most vaccinees responded to an antigen preparation of the vaccine strain, and those vaccinated 9 years before testing responded to a similar extent as did vaccines in the other groups. a new technique was developed t ...19853878364
tularemia: a 30-year experience with 88 cases.drawing upon our experience with 88 cases and a survey of the english literature, we reviewed the clinical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological aspects of tularemia. tularemia can be thought of as two syndromes--ulceroglandular and typhoidal. this dichotomy simplifies earlier nomenclature and emphasizes the obscure typhoidal presentation. clinical manifestations suggest that the two syndromes reflect differences in host response. in ulceroglandular tularemia the pathogen appears to be well c ...19853892222
[effect of delayed hypersensitivity due to staphylococcus or bcg vaccine on the sensitivity of animals to infection with heterologous bacteria or influenza virus].experiments on mice of different strains have demonstrated that sensitization with bcg vaccine slightly increases resistance to infection with francisella tularensis, escherichia coli 819 and influenza a2 virus in mice of those strains which are capable of developing a high level of delayed hypersensitivity (dh). on the contrary, sensitization with staphylococcus aureus b-243 decreases this resistance. a sharp increase in resistance to infection has been achieved in sensitized animals receiving ...19853901628
[differential affinity of pathogenic species of microorganisms for a set of lectins detectable by the sandwich method using fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)].the qualitative differences in the affinity of concanavalin a (con a), wheat-germ agglutinin (wga) and phaseolus vulgaris lectin to the surface of 10 microbial strains inducing various diseases in humans and agricultural animals have been demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence tests. enterobacteria, coxiella burnetii and bacillus anthracis have been found to possess pronounced affinity to con a and wga, while rickettsia prowazekii, francisella tularensis and brucella abortus, a ...19853920844
the diagnostic utility of the febrile agglutinin tests.the purpose of our study was to analyze the use of febrile agglutinin (fa) serologic tests in the diagnosis of salmonella (typhi and paratyphi), rickettsia, brucella, and francisella infections. data were collected in a retrospective chart study of 202 titer requests covering a 42-month period at our teaching hospital. we found that no diagnoses were made by utilizing complete six-antigen fa panels. three cases of infection were diagnosed serologically, all three with more discriminately selecte ...19853927019
antigen-induced monocyte procoagulant activity. requirement for antigen presentation and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-dr molecules.the present study explores the interactions between lymphocytes and monocytes that are required for expression of procoagulant activity (pca) by monocytes in response to purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacillus (ppd) or tularemia antigen. the pca response was antigen specific: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbm) from donors sensitive to ppd or tularemia showed an increase in pca only in response to the sensitizing antigen. the pca was tissue factorlike in that factors vii and x ...19852413076
antigen from francisella tularensis: nonidentity between determinants participating in cell-mediated and humoral reactions.after tularemia vaccinations, most individuals respond with cell-mediated and humoral immunity as disclosed by the lymphocyte stimulation test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), respectively. there is, however, no correlation between the magnitudes of the two responses, and some individuals show one of the responses only. we now report that the two responses are directed towards different antigenic determinants of the bacterium. ether-water extraction of the live vaccine strain of fr ...19846203835
a wild and an attenuated strain of francisella tularensis differ in susceptibility to hypochlorous acid: a possible explanation of their different handling by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.we have previously reported that a wild strain of francisella tularensis is much less efficiently killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than is an attenuated strain. in the present study, the killing of the attenuated strain was found to be strictly oxygen dependent. the wild and the attenuated strains both induced a respiratory burst in the leukocytes. the difference between the strains in susceptibility to agents produced at the burst could be explained by a difference in susceptibility ...19846319290
effects of streptococcus pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium and francisella tularensis infections on oxidative, glycolytic and lysosomal enzyme activity in red and white skeletal muscle in the rat.since opinions differ as to whether the oxidative and glycolytic capabilities of skeletal muscle are altered in acute infection, enzyme activities in oxidative, glycolytic and degradative (acid hydrolases) pathways and total protein and dna were determined in skeletal muscle of rats infected with streptococcus pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium or francisella tularensis. studies were performed separately in red (slow twitch) and white (fast twitch) muscle tissue because these fibers function dur ...19846320357
isolation of francisella tularensis and powassan virus from ticks (acari: ixodidae) in ontario, canada. 19846327984
[focal nature of tularemia along the course of the irtysh-karaganda canal].the results of the epizootological survey of the track of the irtysh-karaganda canal for tularemia for the period of 1971-1982 are presented. out of 928 fecal samples from mouse-hunting birds, 16 contained the specific antigen. from arctic shrews a strain of francisella tularensis was isolated.19846240873
[tularemia on the kola peninsula].in 1982 francisella tularensis was isolated for the first time on the kola peninsula from rodents caught in the environs of kirovsk and nickel. this fact confirmed the suggestion concerning the existence of the natural foci of tularemia on the kola peninsula.19846241403
[determination of tularemia antibodies by an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase carrier (elisa)].elisa "sandwich" techniques have been developed and the optimum assay conditions for detecting specific antibodies in human serum samples have been determined. the possibility of using these techniques for the determination of the level of antibodies to tularemia antigens in the sera of persons immunized with live tularemia vaccine has been shown. statistically significant differences in the level of antibodies to tularemia antigen in the sera of immunized and nonimmunized persons have been esta ...19846377770
an endemic case of tularemia in the mountain hare (lepus timidus) on the island of stora karlsö.in september 1983, an epizootic of unknown cause broke out among the mountain hares on the island of stora karlsö, which is located outside the coast of gotland. one hare was sent in the national veterinary institute for post-mortem examination. the hare showed lesions in liver, spleen, and bone-marrow typical for tularemia. the specimens were positive for francisella tularensis with fluorescent-antibody test. tularemia has not been observed earlier in this part of sweden. it is supposed that th ...19846393050
persistence of francisella tularensis mccoy et chapin tularemia agent in the organism of highly sensitive rodents after oral infection.in the literature there are no data on the possibility of obtaining in experiment non-fatal tularemia infection (persistence) in rodents highly sensitive to it (group i) when using highly virulent strains circulating in nature for infection by natural routes. our detailed experiments on 1483 adult voles microtus rossiaemeridionalis ogn. (syn. m. subarvalis meyer et al.) of laboratory origin using virulent strains of francisella tularensis holarctica ols. et meshch. and natural alimentary infecti ...19846396330
[new developments in the study of natural tularemia foci in the ussr]. 19846397015
[nutrient requirements of francisella tularensis]. 19846464571
tularemia with unusual laboratory characteristics in south dakota children. 19846589779
[results of the study of bird droppings collected in the lithuanian ssr for the purpose of searching out tularemia epizootics].there are practically no records of cases of tularemia among humans in the lithuanian ssr. nevertheless, the mass sero-allergic survey of the population for tularemia, carried out 10-12 years ago, showed that 2.3% of the adult population in the republic had had contacts with the causative agent of this infection. the work was aimed at the determination of the present activity of the foci of tularemia. during 6 years in 22 rural districts 2582 samples of avian excrements, containing bones and woo ...19846711197
[antibody dynamics of carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with francisella tularensis].the time course of antibody formation in carnivorous mammals and corvine birds infected with a single injection of f. tularensis has been experimentally studied in the agglutination test and the passive hemagglutination test. in carnivorous mammals the allergic transformation of the body has been established by means of the leukocytolysis test.19846741361
[use of an immunoenzyme method on a solid-phase carrier for determining the tularemia antigen].the method of the highly sensitive (up to 10 ng/ml) and specific determination of soluble tularemia antigen, based on the use of "sandwich" type elisa techniques, has been developed. the dependence of the specificity and sensitivity of the method on the degree of purification of antibodies and their peroxidase conjugates used in the assay has been studied. the study has revealed that the best results can be obtained with the use of purified igg and its conjugate free of unbound peroxidase. both ...19846741370
[time course of the production of immunoglobulins in patients with tularemia]. 19846748218
serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec.blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus.19846429355
outbreak of tick-borne tularemia--south dakota. 19846434937
a monoclonal antibody specific for the a antigen of brucella spp.two murine monoclonal antibodies of the igg3 class have been isolated after immunization with brucella abortus. an indirect immunofluorescence test was used to screen hybridoma supernatants and subsequently to determine the cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with other bacteria. one monoclonal antibody reacted with all the smooth brucella biotypes tried and with yersinia enterocolitica serogroup 0:9, though not with rough br. ovis or with strains of escherichia, proteus, salmonella, p ...19846438272
tularemia complicated by acute renal failure.acute renal failure has been a rare, uniformly fatal complication of infection with francisella tularensis. the literature suggests that either acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, or glomerulonephritis may be responsible for this syndrome. we have described a patient with tularemia who had nonoliguric acute renal failure probably due to interstitial nephritis and who recovered slowly but spontaneously during antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline.19836823614
phagocytosis and killing of francisella tularensis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.bacteria of a wild strain of francisella tularensis were less efficiently killed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than were bacteria of an attenuated strain. this finding was explained to some extent by a less efficient phagocytosis, but bacteria of the wild strain also seemed to be more resistant to killing after ingestion.19836832815
a serological survey of antibodies against francisella tularensis in some swedish mammals.tularemia occurs in sweden as an epizootic among the mountain hare. little is known about the occurrence of the disease in other animals in this country. for this reason serum samples from 28 cattle, 83 moose, 110 beavers and 97 mountain hares were investigated for the presence of antibodies against francisella tularensis. the antibody levels against f. tularensis found in moose and cattle were generally low and also in a low incidence. this indicates that these species are not susceptible to tu ...19836878028
granulomatous pleuritis caused by francisella tularensis: possible confusion with tuberculous pleuritis.granulomatous pleuritis, diagnosed by pleural biopsy, is rarely caused by disease processes other than tuberculosis. we present a case of granulomatous pleuritis caused by francisella tularensis that occurred in a 55-yr-old male sheep shearer with an exudative, lymphocytic, pleural effusion. confirmation of the diagnosis was made by elevated serum agglutination titers against f. tularensis and detection of the organism in a pleural biopsy specimen by the glucose oxidase immunoenzyme technique. w ...19836881689
clinically mild tularemia associated with tick-borne francisella tularensis.between may 9 and july 3, 1979, 12 cases of glandular or ulceroglandular tularemia occurred in residents of the crow indian reservation in southcentral montana; only 13 cases had been reported from this geographic area in the preceding 25 years. the illness was mild, characterized by fever and cervical or occipital adenopathy. systemic symptoms were self-limited although residual lymphadenopathy was common. francisella tularensis was isolated from ticks (dermacentor variabilis), the suspected ve ...19836886487
[mechanism of natural penicillin resistance in the causative agent of tularemia].beta-lactamase and penicillinacylase were detected in the tularemia causative agent. these enzymes participated in the mechanism of natural resistance of the microorganisms to penicillins. it was shown that the growth temperature had a significant effect on the beta-lactamase activity. the penicillin resistance marker was not eliminated with the use of acridine orange, ethidium bromide or sodium dodecylsulfate.19836605111
[isolation and purification of penicillinase from francisella tularensis].beta-lactamase was isolated from the cells of a penicillinase-producing strain of the tularemia causative agent. it was purified 100 times. by its properties (the substrate profile, km, temperature optimum and thermostability) beta-lactamase differed from penicillinases isolated from other sources.19836606391
tularemia pneumonia mimicking legionnaires' disease: isolation of organism on cye agar and successful treatment with erythromycin.a 46-year-old man showed a clinical response when treated with parenteral erythromycin for what was initially thought to be legionnaires' disease, but an organism isolated from his pleural fluid on cye agar was subsequently identified as francisella tularensis. tularemia should be suspected in all cases of atypical pneumonia in the appropriate setting. erythromycin may be effective empiric therapy in such cases. because of the possibility of inadvertent isolation of francisella tularensis on cye ...19836612398
[the effect of aerosolization on the changes in major biological properties of the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis].the exposure of f. tularensis vaccine strain 15/10 in the form of aerosol for more than 10 minutes results in the decrease of its virulence, immunogenicity and the content of species-specific antigen and in the increase of the dissociation level. proceeding from this fact, during aerosol immunization with this vaccine strain exposure must not exceed 5 minutes for unstabilized aerosol and 10 minutes for aerosol stabilized with 5% glycerin. under these conditions the properties of f. tularensis st ...19836613417
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate antigen for igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis: comparison with bacterial agglutination test and elisa with lipopolysaccharide antigen.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with bacterial sonicate (s) as antigen developed for determining the presence of igm, iga, and igg antibodies to francisella tularensis was compared with the bacterial agglutination (ba) test and a corresponding elisa using lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigen. of the organisms tested, f tularensis was the only one to cause significant inhibition, indicating the specificity of the s-elisa. ba test titers correlated significantly with antibody levels in al ...19836631062
tularemia in a rough-legged buzzard (buteo lagopus) and a ural owl (strix uralensis). 19836644938
hepatic abscess complicating ulceroglandular tularemia.in a patient with the clinical features of classic ulceroglandular tularemia a solitary hepatic abscess was found during an ultrasound examination. hepatic tularemia has rarely been reported since the advent of specific therapy, which prevents the disease from reaching the disseminated state. this case, however, shows that the liver can be involved early in the course of tularemia. increased serum levels of hepatic enzymes may be the only sign of such a complication.19836652596
[higher fatty acid composition of the intraspecific taxa of francisella tularensis].the higher fatty acid composition of 27 f. tularensis strains differing in their biological properties and belonging to different intraspecific taxons has been determined with the use of gas and liquid chromatography. all the strains under study have been found to possess similar fatty acid spectra, characterized by the presence of long straight-chain fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) with the number of carbon atoms varying from 10 to 26. quantitative differences content of individual fatt ...19836659760
[comparative study of the basic immunological reactions for assessing tularemia immunity in inoculated persons or those who have had the disease].in the comparative study of immunological tests used for the determination of immunity to tularemia in vaccinees the greatest number of persons with the positive reaction was detected by means of the tularine skin test. former tularemia patients retained allergic skin reaction to this test irrespective of the time of the disease.19836659772
tularaemia transmitted by ticks (dermacentor andersoni) in saskatchewan.common wood ticks (dermacentor andersoni) collected from saskatchewan landing provincial park, saskatchewan in the spring of 1982 transmitted a lethal tularaemia infection to four of six rabbits. francisella tularensis organisms were isolated from tissues taken from the dead rabbits and identified from subcultures using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. one human associated with the animals developed symptoms of tularaemia and, after successful therapy, had a significant increase in ...19836667429
comparison of the effects of acid and base hydrolyses on hydroxy and cyclopropane fatty acids in bacteria.the cellular fatty acid compositions of legionella oakridgensis, brucella suis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and francisella tularensis were compared after base hydrolysis (saponification), acid hydrolysis, and acid methanolysis procedures were used to release the fatty acids. the branched-chain, unsaturated, saturated, and ester-linked hydroxy acids were released as effectively with saponification at 100 degrees c for 30 min as with acid hydrolysis or acid methanolysis at 85 degrees c for 16 h. alth ...19836418758
quantum differences in oral susceptibility of voles, microtus pennsylvanicus, to virulent francisella tularensis type b, in drinking water: implications to epidemiology.shedding nephritis in voles with chronic tularemia is the probable source of frequent contamination of streams over wide areas of the northern hemisphere. however, voles inoculated parenterally with as few as one dex viable cells of francisella tularensis palaearctica succumb uniformly to acute tularemia, whereas voles, beavers, and muskrats often thrive in waters contaminated with the organism. nevertheless, water-borne epizootics do occur in these animals, and at these times streams are heavil ...19836381031
landmark perspective: tularemia.the landmark studies on tularemia by dr francis have been recognized by designating the causative organism francisella tularensis rather than bacterium tularense. a review of his original 1925 article clearly demonstrates the lasting value of critical clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory studies. except for expansion of knowledge concerning some aspects of the epidemiology and clinical spectrum and advances in treatment and prevention, the 1925 article is as contemporary as the current litera ...19836358566
tularemia in children. 19836361709
[culture properties of the causative agent of tularemia isolated in natural foci in stavropol territory, the kalmyk assr and the armenian ssr].the strains isolated in natural foci of the stavropol territory and the armenian ssr have been found to belong to the holarctic race of francisella tularensis, biovar ii. in natural foci of the kalmyk assr the strains belonging to biovars i and ii have been isolated. the study of the tularecinogenicity of the cultures has revealed the existence of strains which are not sensitive to their own tularecins. the phenomenon of tularecinogenicity in f. novocida has been established. avirulent strain 31 ...19836220538
[biological characteristics of spectinomycin-resistant strains of the tularemia pathogen].sensitivity of 2 subspecies of the tularemia causative agent to spectinomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in vitro. the mic of the antibiotic with respect to strains 503/847 and schu was 40 micrograms/ml and with respect to strain a-cole 20 micrograms/ml. the frequency of spontaneous spectinomycin resistant mutants was low. the mutants grown on a medium containing spectinomycin in a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml were highly resistant to the antibiotic (at least 10000 microgra ...19836224461
[detection of the tularemia zoonosis in the territory of the kartlian plain].the natural focus of tularemia was found to cover the whole territory of the kartlian plain. epizooty occurred mainly among common voles with the involvement of insectivorous voles. hard ticks, gamasids and fleas infected with francisella tularensis were detected. rodents highly sensitive to tularemia can be affected by this infection. water rats were not involved into the enzootic process. further studies are necessary for the final solution of this problem.19836225274
[activation of natural tularemia foci of the field-meadow and steppe types on the territory of tula province 1977-1978].natural tularemia foci of the meadow and steppe type are extremely stable and become active in those years when the most favourable living conditions for rodents appear. for the first time during the last 30 years a great increase in the number of common voles, accompanied by widely spread epizooty covering the whole territory of the tula region, was observed. house mice, common field mice, harvest mice and black rats were also involved in this epizooty and 235 tularemia patients with all clinic ...19826211008
[results of prolonged study of flood plain-swamp endemic foci of tularemia, and its prophylaxis in the leningrad region].the results of a prolonged (more than 18 years), comprehensive study have revealed that stable natural foci of tularemia in backwater swamps are widely spread in the leningrad region. these foci are located in the narrow swampy flood-plains of small watercourses with adjacent meadow areas among forests. water from such small watercourses can often serve as the indicator of the epizootic process: during the above-mentioned period 346 francicella tularensis strain have been isolated from water and ...19826211873
[disinfection of fresh-frozen sections of ticks infected with the causative agent of tularemia in histoenzymatic studies]. 19826750344
induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials.factors contributing to protection against experimental tuberculosis have been studied with refined and well-characterized fractions from mycobacteria and with certain unrelated antigens. mice were vaccinated intravenously with various combinations of materials presented on minute oil droplets in saline emulsion and were later challenged by aerosol. the minimal composition of an effective vaccine was p3 (a trehalose mycolate similar to cord factor) plus an antigen, which could be tuberculo-prote ...19826805154
[cytochemical changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of guinea pigs inoculated against plague, tularemia and anthrax].the immunization of guinea pigs with trivaccine and monovaccines against plaque, tularemia and anthrax induces a decrease in the activity of acidic phosphatase in lymphocytes, as well as a decrease in the number of lymphocytes containing this enzyme. a decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase had been found to occur in neutrophil leukocytes. besides, neutrophil leukocytes have shown an increase in the activity of acidic phosphatase and nonspecific esterases. the study base ...19826812331
mothers of infants with neonatal group b streptococcal septicemia are poor responders to bacterial carbohydrate antigens.serum antibodies against various carbohydrate antigens were studied in 16 mothers of infants with serious infections caused by group b streptococci (gbs) (the study group), and compared with a control group of 29 urogenital carriers of gbs who gave birth to neonatally healthy infants. using a radioimmunoassay for the determination of antibodies to gbs types ia, ib, ii and iii, it was found that the study group had significantly lower levels of igg antibodies to each of the 4 gbs types than the c ...19827035374
[experimental latent tularemia in common voles].common voles (microtus subarvalis) were infected with tularemia by feeding them with the corpses of the animals which had been infected with francisella tularensis strain having somewhat decreased virulence. this resulted in nonlethal infection in 14 out of 433 voles used in the experiment. a considerable part of the animals having had the infection developed bacterial carriership (11 out of 13 animals) with bacteriuria (8 out of 11 animals) lasting up to 2 months. the persistence of francisella ...19827043979
tularemia in canada with a focus on saskatchewan.although rare among humans in canada, tularemia is often endemic in wildlife. the inhabitants of rural areas are especially likely to be exposed to the causative bacterium, francisella tularensis, through trapping or through the bites of arthropods. muskrats have replaced rabbits as the principal source of infection, as illustrated by a familial outbreak of oropharyngeal tularemia in saskatchewan. in humans the disease has six distinct forms and can be asymptomatic, but it generally comes to med ...19827046896
"muskrat fever": two outbreaks of tularemia near montreal. 19827046897
the effects of strenuous exercise on infection with francisella tularensis in rats.to investigate the effects of strenuous forced exercise on the course and complications of a bacterial infection and on myocardial responses and performance capacity, rats with tularemia (characterized by pyogranulomatous hepatic and splenic lesions) were exercised by swimming on days 0-6 of infection. levels of glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases in plasma, densities of pyogranulomatous lesions, and bacterial counts in blood, liver, and spleen were similar in exercising and resting r ...19827077093
antibodies to francisella tularensis in the snowshoe hare (lepus americanus struthopus) populations of nova scotia and prince edward island and in the moose (alces alces americana clinton) population of nova scotia. 19827093820
cell-mediated and humoral immunity induced by a live francisella tularensis vaccine.live attenuated francisella tularensis vaccine induced long-lasting humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in all 13 subjects studied. lymphocyte blast transformation reactivity to f. tularensis appeared 2 weeks after vaccination in most subjects and remained unchanged for up to 1.5 years. similarly, in most recipients, antibodies against f. tularensis were detectable by both the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the agglutination method from 2 weeks after vaccination, although d ...19827095859
[detection of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase in francisella tularensis].the activity of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (alpha-nae) has been studied in francisella tularensis strains belonging to 3 subspecies. alpha-nae has been detected spectrophotometrically in native cells and cell extracts of the virulent nonarctic strains schu and cole, holarctic virulent strain no. 503/841 and holarctic vaccine strain no. 15/10, central asian virulent strain no. 543, as well as their attenuated variants. in all the strains studied the presence of 7 alpha-nae isoenzymes has bee ...19827113529
[study of a natural focus of tularemia in the small carpathian mountains]. 19827139368
infraspecific taxonomy of tularemia agent francisella tularensis mccoy et chapin.the authors investigated 286 strains of the tularemia microbe isolated in a number of countries of the old and the new world from humans, hares, rodents, ticks, water and other objects, including 217 strains from the ussr and 69 strains from other countries. as a result, the earlier observed subspecific differences in the biological properties of the tularemia strains isolated in different regions were reconfirmed on an extensive material. it is proposed to designate the three subspecies disting ...19827142690
immunity against francisella tularensis in northern finland.immunity against francisella tularensis in northern finland was studied by antibody determination and by the lymphocyte blast transformation test previously shown to reliably demonstrate immunity to tularemia. seven out of 1072 (0.7%) red cross volunteer blood donors from the rural areas around oulu had agglutinating antibodies with a titre of 80 or higher, and 5 (0.5%) also had cell-mediated reactivity against f. tularensis. none of them was aware of ever having had tularemia, and only 1 recoll ...19827146829
[resistance to the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in immunization with live tularemia vaccine].guinea pigs immunized with live tularemia vaccine have been found to possess pronounced resistance to venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection. antiviral resistance induced by the vaccine has been found to persist for 1 month. one of the possible mechanisms, though not the only one, of this resistance is the stimulation of macrophages by tularemia vaccine, which results in the enhancement of their resistance to the cytotoxic action of the virus.19827148228
reduction of brucella species and francisella tularensis cross-reacting agglutinins by dithiothreitol.cross-reaction agglutinin titers to brucella abortus antigen were found in 42 of 128 tularemia serum specimens, and cross-reaction titers to francisella tularensis antigen were found in 8 of 34 brucellosis serum specimens. the cross-reaction titers were reduced to 10 or less by dithiothreitol, suggesting that the titers are due to immunoglobulin m antibody.19827153327
tularemia.a 37-year-old woman experienced local symptoms on returning from a camping trip. within three weeks she developed generalized symptoms and was hospitalized. tularemia, and often overlooked cause of bubo formation, is endemic in nevada. the diagnosis should be considered when patients who have visited such an area present with enlarged, painful lymph nodes, skin pustules, ulcers, headache, myalgia, malaise and nausea. cultures tend to be negative, because the causative organism, francisella tular ...198221286087
the use of fa-technique for detecting francisella tularensis in formalin fixed material. a method useful in routine post mortem work. 19817046398
towards serodiagnosis of serratia marcescens infections: examination of sera from noninfected patients and from experimentally infected rabbits for anti-h and anti-o antibodies; s. marcescens o-antigen cross-reactions with those of other enterobacteriaceae.sera from 100 patients not infected with serratia marcescens at the time of hospital admission lacked detectable h-immobilizing antibodies against all 20 currently recognized h-antigens of this microorganism. however, various patient sera revealed elevated titers of o-agglutinins against several of the 20 o-antigens of s. marcescens, in a particular o-antigens, o1, o3, o4, o5, o7, o8, o10, o11, o16, o17, o18, o19, and o20. rabbit anti-shigella serogroup b immune serum cross-reacted with s. marce ...19817036590
[effective method of detecting winter epizootics of tularemia]. 19816454317
[experience with a bacteriologic and serologic study of a tularemia epizootic in rodents in a natural focus of the meadow and field type].the autumn-winter (1977-1978) tularemia epizootic in small murine rodents was revealed and studied at the natural focus of the meadow and field type in the south of the moscow region. the efficacy of the serologic method (the antibody neutralization test) of studying the organs of the caught rodents and the bodies of dead rodents was found to be greater than that of the traditional bacteriologic methods (26.6% and 9.6%, respectively). the serologic study of 908 specimens of avian excrements coll ...19816454319
[peroxidase activity of tularemia bacteria]. 19817234236
[leukocytolysis reaction and the neutrophil damage test as methods of demonstrating allergy to francisella tularensis]. 19817269912
tularemia simulating acute myocardial infarction. 19817299963
case report. tularemia in ohio: report of two cases and clinical review.although unusual, human tularemia continues to be reported from areas of the united states which are not heavily endemic for the disease. two patients with ulceroglandular tularemia diagnosed in ohio are described. the causative microorganism, francisella tularensis, is a small, pleomorphic gram negative coccobacillus which requires special microbiological media for laboratory isolation. in nature, the organism is usually transmitted to man by the handling of infected animal tissues and body flu ...19817315867
[further study of intraspecific taxonomy of francisella tularensis]. 19817331604
[natural focus of tularemia on the kerchen peninsula (crimea)].the study confirming the existence of the steppe-type natural focus of tularemia on the kerch peninsula has been carried out. for the first time the cultures of francisella tularensis have been isolated. voles and house mice play the main role in the circulation of the infection. the parasitic system comprises ticks (ixodidae and nyalomma), as well as some species of fleas. in carrying out erizootological studies for detecting tularemia in the crimea the use of low temperature (0 degrees c) for ...19817331615
modulation of the immune response by aerodin. ii. influence on the antiinfectious resistance in rabbits and guinea pigs experimentally infected by francisella tularensis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. 19817332454
respiratory tularemia: comparison of selected routes of vaccination in fischer 344 rats.fischer 344 rats were given the attenuated live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis by small-particle aerosol, intranasal instillation, or intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection. all of the vaccinated rats developed subclinical infection by 3 days after exposure, which cleared by day 28. temporal patterns and concentrations of the live vaccine strain organism within the hosts were dependent on the route of vaccination. pathological alterations were limited to minimal lung ...19817333669
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