Publications

hiv-2 in rhesus monkeys: serological, virological and clinical results.	diseases induced by animal retroviruses are not considered to be good models for the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at present. the lack of an animal model for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection presents a main problem in the complete understanding of the pathogenesis of hiv-mediated diseases. because of the homologies between simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and hiv-2, we inoculated rhesus monkeys with hiv-2 and hiv-2 adapted in vitro to monkey cells. one of th ...	1989	2708010
identification and biologic characterization of an acutely lethal variant of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabeys (siv/smm).	a virus pool isolated from lymphoid tissue of a macaque (pbj) infected for 14 months with siv/smm was found to be associated with acute disease and death. six of six pig-tailed macaques, one of three rhesus macaques, and three of four siv/smm-seronegative mangabeys developed acute disease within 5 days and died from 7 to 13 days postinoculation; however, neither of two siv/smm-infected mangabeys died or developed disease. the virus associated with acute disease and death was shown by electron mi ...	1989	2765298
genital mucosal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus: animal model for heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus.	an animal model for the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was developed by the application of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) onto the genital mucosas of both mature and immature, male and female rhesus macaques. virus preparations were infused into the vaginal vaults or the urethras (males) of the animals through a soft plastic pediatric nasogastric feeding tube. the macaques that were infected by this route (six males and nine females) developed siv-specific a ...	1989	2778875
an african primate lentivirus (sivsm) closely related to hiv-2.	the ancestors of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) may have evolved from a reservoir of african nonhuman primate lentiviruses, termed simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv). none of the siv strains characterized so far are closely related to hiv-1. hiv-2, however, is closely related to siv (sivmac) isolated from captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). siv infection of feral asian macaques has not been demonstrated by serological surveys. thus, macaques may have acquired siv i ...	1989	2786147
cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines can harbor the aids virus in vitro.	a detailed definition of aids virus-specific t lymphocytes will require the generation and characterization of hiv-1-specific, cloned t cell populations. in our studies, we show that cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines, derived from pbl of rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques and humans infected with hiv-1, can harbor aids viruses. cd8+cd4- lymphocyte lines derived from infected individuals are shown to express aids virus-encoded proteins and generate reverse transcriptas ...	1989	2787348
seroprevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in guinea bissau in 1980.	to determine the past prevalence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 in west africa, we tested 440 serum samples collected in 1980 from people living in rural areas of guinea bissau. the sera were screened for antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (eia) using purified simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolated from rhesus macaque monkeys (sivmac) and then confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence assays for antibodies to siv, hiv-2, and hiv-1. five of the serum samples were repeatedly reactive by all assays to ...	1988	3132940
isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses.	two isolates of simian retrovirus related to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were obtained from apparently healthy mandrills, papio (mandrillus) sphinx, in western equatorial africa. this virus, designated sivmnd (simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills), appeared morphologically similar to hiv by electron microscopy, showed mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity, and induced cytopathic effect in human cd4-positive cells. western blotting (immunoblotting) analyses revealed tha ...	1988	3172337
inoculation of baboons and macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus/mne, a primate lentivirus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2.	a primate lymphotropic lentivirus was isolated on the human t-cell line hut 78 after cocultivation of a lymph node from a pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that had died with malignant lymphoma. this isolate, originally designated m. nemestrina immunodeficiency virus (mniv) and now classified as simian immunodeficiency virus (siv/mne), was inoculated intravenously into three juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), three juvenile pig-tailed macaques (m. nemestrina), and two juvenile baboon ...	1988	3285032
sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkey, a new member of the hiv/siv group.	some wild african green monkeys are known to be naturally infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) without having any apparent symptoms of an aids-like disease. this simian immunodeficiency virus, designated sivagm, may be helpful in clarifying the evolution and pathogenicity of hiv. some virus strains that were previously reported to be isolated from african green monkeys were shown to be laboratory contaminations of sivmac (siv from a rhesus macaque) here we rep ...	1988	3374586
trichomonas gastritis in rhesus monkeys infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus.		1988	2834463
functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1.	simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (ltr)-directed gene expression. we performed cotransfection assays of sivmac and hiv-1 tat constructs with ltr-cat reporter plasmids. the primary effect of transactivation for both sivmac and hiv-1 is an increase in ltr-directed mrna accumulation. the sivmac tat gene product partially transactivates an hiv-1 ltr, where ...	1988	2846868
characterization of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2: persistent infection of rhesus monkeys with molecularly cloned sivmac.	infection of macaque monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is probably the best animal model currently available for studying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. in this report, we describe three infectious molecular clones of sivmac and one of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and their use in the study of cell and species specificity, animal infection, and the relationship of gene sequence to function. replication of the cloned viruses in different cell lines varied dramat ...	1988	2846880
simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-induced immunodeficiency disease in rhesus monkeys: relation of antibody response and antigenemia.	infection of the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) induces a disease similar to aids. we compared siv-specific antibody and antigenemia with the progression of disease in monkeys experimentally infected with siv/delta isolates that varied in pathogenicity. western blot, immunoprecipitation, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serial sera from macaques infected with attenuated virus revealed a persistent antibody response and no evidence of siv ...	1988	2848903
necropsy findings in rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with cultured simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta.	lesions induced in rhesus monkeys by different isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/delta were studied at necropsy. four groups of monkeys were inoculated with siv/delta isolated from other experimentally infected rhesus monkeys, while one group was inoculated with siv/delta from an asymptomatic mangabey monkey. three rhesus isolates and the mangabey isolate were virulent, killing 75-100% of infected monkeys. one rhesus isolate, which had been extensively passaged in vitro, was attenu ...	1988	2850650
comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates.	information on the extent of genetic variability among non-human primate lentiviruses related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is sorely lacking. here we describe the isolation of two molecular clones from the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and their use to derive restriction endonuclease maps of five siv isolates from rhesus macaques and one from a cynomolgus macaque. although similar, all six viral isolates are readily distinguishable; the single isolate from a cynomolgus macaque is ...	1988	2893293
prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in a captive colony of macaque monkeys.	the prevalence of antibodies to 3 retroviruses in the macaque colony of the new england regional primate research center (nerprc) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures as well as radioimmunoprecipitation-sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence tests. out of 848 macaques, 3 (0.35%) had antibodies to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), 27 (3.2%) had antibodies to simian t-lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-1) and approximately 285 (34%) had ...	1988	2895751
suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro by cd8+ lymphocytes.	the aids-like disease in rhesus monkeys induced by the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) has been used as a model to explore the nature of the t lymphocyte response after infection with viruses of the human immunodeficiency virus family. activated cd8+ lymphocytes are present in increased numbers in the paracortex of lymph nodes of siv-infected rhesus monkeys with a lymphadenopathy syndrome. we demonstrate that siv is more readily isolated from cd8+ lymphocyte-depleted pbl of siv-infected anim ...	1988	2965185
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the transmembrane protein of simian immunodeficiency virus from the african green monkey.	mouse monoclonal antibodies were produced against simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) from the african green monkey (sivagm). the antibodies reacted with the transmembrane protein of all five sivagm isolates but not with those of sivs from the rhesus macaque and mandrill or of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or type 2, indicating that they recognize a species-specific epitope strongly conserved in sivagm. the transmembrane proteins of several sivagm isolates were found to vary in molecular s ...	1988	2460641
immunophenotypic characterization of the cutaneous exanthem of siv-infected rhesus monkeys. apposition of degenerative langerhans cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes during the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a t-cell tropic retrovirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), has recently been isolated from immunodeficient rhesus monkeys. this virus has remarkable similarities to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. subsequent studies of simian infection with siv have shown it to be a relevant animal model for studying the pathogenesis of aids in man. in both hiv-infected humans and siv-infected monkeys, a cutaneous maculopapular eruption has bee ...	1987	3030113
natural history of endemic type d retrovirus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in group-housed rhesus monkeys.	a 2.5-year epidemiologic study of a breeding group of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which is a focus of endemic simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids), demonstrated a strong association between the occurrence of saids and infection with a type d retrovirus, saids retrovirus serotype 1 (srv-1). of 23 healthy "tracer" juvenile rhesus monkeys, 19 (83%) died with saids within 9 months of introduction into the resident saids-endemic population. in contrast, 21 healthy "sentinel" juvenil ...	1987	3477665
sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses.	because of the growing incidence of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the need for studies on animal models is urgent. infection of chimpanzees with the retroviral agent of human aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), will have only limited usefulness because chimpanzees are in short supply and do not develop the disease. among non-human primates, both type d retroviruses and lentiviruses can be responsible for immune deficiencies. the d-type retroviruses, although important pat ...	1987	3649576
disseminated cryptosporidiosis in simian immunodeficiency virus/delta-infected rhesus monkeys.		1987	2823446
long-term persistent infection of macaque monkeys with the simian immunodeficiency virus.	juvenile rhesus macaques 6 to 18 months of age were experimentally infected by intravenous inoculation with the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), the t cell-tropic retrovirus of monkeys related to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) virus hiv. the siv used for inoculation was grown either in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of interleukin 2 or in the human tumour cell line hut-78. eight of the macaques died 129 to 352 days post-inoculation with a varie ...	1987	2826656