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immunotherapy of established (pre)malignant disease by synthetic long peptide vaccines.this review deals with recent progress in the immunotherapy of established (pre)malignant disease of viral or non-viral origin by synthetic vaccines capable of inducing robust t-cell responses. the most attractive vaccine compounds are synthetic long peptides (slp) corresponding to the sequence of tumour viral antigens or tumour-associated non-viral antigens. crucial to induction of therapeutic t-cell immunity is the capacity of slp to deliver specific cargo to professional antigen-presenting ce ...200818418403
direct activation of caspase 8 by the proapoptotic e2 protein of hpv18 independent of adaptor proteins.the self-activation of initiator caspases is dependent on their oligomerization driven by interaction with the death fold domains (dfd) of adaptor proteins. here, we show that the e2 protein of human papillomavirus type 18 triggers apoptosis by assembling cytoplasmic filaments together with caspase 8, in which its efficient self-activation occurs. the e2 protein binds directly to the death effector domains (ded) of caspase 8 through non-dfd interaction. this interaction is independent of fadd, b ...200818421300
the impact of virus in n3 node dissection for head and neck cancer.this study is to determine the impact of virus in surgical outcomes among patients of head and neck cancer with n3 lymph node metastasis. a retrospective analysis was conducted for 32 patients with operable n3 neck metastasis undergoing surgical treatment between january 1987 and october 2006. the nuclei of the tumor cells were investigated for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) dnas and were taken into account as the variable for survival analysis. the prima ...200818421466
human papillomavirus 1 induced epidermoid cystic structure mimicking molluscum bodies. 200818422542
bd proex c: a sensitive and specific marker of hpv-associated squamous lesions of the cervix.bd proex c (proex c) is a recently developed immunocytochemical assay that targets the expression of topoisomerase ii-alpha and minichromosome maintenance protein-2, 2 genes shown to be overexpressed in cervical cancers. recent studies validated this reagent in liquid-based cytology specimens and suggested its usefulness as an adjunct in the diagnosis of challenging cases. limited information is available on its expression in tissue sections. this study aims to assess proex c expression patterns ...200818425044
prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in heterosexual men.in us men, the incidence of anal cancer, the primary cause of which is human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, has increased almost 3-fold in 3 decades; however, little is known about the epidemiology of anal hpv infection, especially in heterosexual men. in 2 us cities, behavioral data and anal biological specimens were collected from 253 men who acknowledged having engaged in sexual intercourse with a woman during the preceding year. on the basis of dna analysis, overall prevalence of anal hpv i ...200818426367
cervical and oral human papillomavirus types in hiv-1 positive and negative women with cervical disease in south africa.this study tested cervical and oral human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in hiv-1 seropositive (hiv+) and seronegative (hiv-) women to determine any association between infections at both sites and the difference in prevalence of the hpv types infecting these women. participants were 115 women referred to a colposcopy clinic after diagnosis of abnormal cervical cytology. the women showed low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin1) or high grade disease (cin2/3) or no cin based on colposc ...200818428143
population seroprevalence of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in men, women, and children in australia.representative population-based data on human papillomavirus (hpv) epidemiology are important for public health decision making but are difficult to obtain. seroepidemiology is a valuable tool, although the relationship between hpv infection and seropositivity is incomplete.200818444790
intention of parents to have male children vaccinated with the human papillomavirus vaccine.although already approved for use in males in some jurisdictions, there is little information about parental attitudes toward having their sons receive the human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine. the goal of this study was to ascertain parental intentions to vaccinate their sons with an hpv vaccine and to determine factors that predict this intention.200818445636
moving upstream: ecosocial and psychosocial correlates of sexually transmitted infections among young adults in the united states.we determined the associations of ecosocial factors and psychosocial factors with having a prevalent sexually transmitted infection (sti), recent sti diagnoses, and sexual risk behaviors.200818445794
epidemiology of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among young women in costa rica.to investigate chlamydia trachomatis (ct) epidemiology among 5829 women 18 to 25 years old, in costa rica.200818446086
karyopherin beta3: a new cellular target for the hpv-16 e5 oncoprotein.epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the causative agents of cervical cancer worldwide, and that hpv-16 is associated with more than half of these cases. in addition to the well-characterized e6 and e7 oncoproteins of hpv-16, recent evidence increasingly has implicated the hpv-16 e5 protein (16e5) as an important mediator of oncogenic transformation. since 16e5 has no known intrinsic enzymatic activity, its effects on infected cells ...200818455505
unusual histologic finding in tissue obtained from voluntary pregnancy termination: a case report.an unusual histologic finding in tissue obtained from voluntary pregnancy termination (vpt) is reported to demonstrate the utility of pathologic examination of this specimen.200818459558
enhancement of cd4+ t-cell help reverses the doxorubicin-induced suppression of antigen-specific immune responses in vaccinated mice.multimodality treatments that combine conventional cancer therapies with antigen-specific immunotherapy have emerged as promising approaches for the control of cancer. in the current study, we have explored the effect of doxorubicin on the antigen-specific immune responses generated in mice vaccinated with calreticulin (crt)/e6 and/or ii-padre dna. we observed that pretreatment with doxorubicin suppressed the e6-specific cd8+ t-cell immune responses generated by crt/e6 dna vaccination in vaccina ...200818463686
defining the minimal interacting regions of the tight junction protein magi-1 and hpv16 e6 oncoprotein for solution structure studies.the oncoprotein e6 produced by tumorigenic high-risk genital human papillomaviruses targets a number of cellular proteins containing pdz domains for proteasome-mediated degradation. in particular, e6 targets the tight junction protein magi-1 by binding to its pdz1 domain. using light scattering and nmr, we explored different fragments of both the hpv16 e6 and the magi-1 pdz1 domain to define the best-behaving complex for solution structure studies. we showed that the 70-residue hpv16 e6 c-termin ...200818467125
human papillomavirus infection in patients with residual or recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.the main purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the frequency of hpv infection in patients with residual or recurrent cin.200818468341
dyrk1a stabilizes hpv16e7 oncoprotein through phosphorylation of the threonine 5 and threonine 7 residues.hpv16, a high-risk tumorigenic virus, has been identified as one of the causative agents for the development of cervical cancer. subsequent to viral infection, the constitutive expression of the viral oncoproteins e6 and e7 plays a number of critical roles in maintaining the transformed phenotype. here we demonstrate that a cellular kinase, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a (dyrk1a), interacts with and phosphorylates hpv16e7 in vitro and in vivo. using substitution mu ...200818468476
involvement of human papillomavirus infections in prostate cancer progression.high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are sexually transmitted and have been associated with several human carcinomas especially cervical and colorectal. on the other hand, a small number of studies have examined the presence of high-risk hpv in human prostate cancer tissues. currently, the presence and role of high-risk hpv infections in prostate carcinogenesis remain unclear because of the limited number of investigations. this raises the question whether high-risk hpv infections play any ro ...200818468811
cervical cancer screening: from molecular basis to diagnostic practice, going through new technologies.in the era of human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination, a lot of misunderstanding still exists among healthcare professionals and patients regarding hpv infection. the purpose of this review is to synthesize the clinical molecular mechanisms that contribute to hpv-mediated cervical carcinogenesis, as well as to appraise the current status of new biomarkers and technologies in terms of available data on clinical applications and future promises.200818473488
human papillomavirus (hpv) genotypes and hpv16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus-positive italian women.human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive women have high rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) and concurrent human papillomavirus (hpv) infections with a variety of genotypes whose oncogenic risk is poorly documented. the prevalence and persistence of hpv genotypes and hpv16 variants were analysed in 112 hiv-positive and 115 hiv-negative italian women. hiv-positive women were more likely than hiv-negative women to be infected by hpv at the initial examination (39.3 vs 13.9 ...200818474553
egfr, p16, hpv titer, bcl-xl and p53, sex, and smoking as indicators of response to therapy and survival in oropharyngeal cancer.to prospectively identify markers of response to therapy and outcome in an organ-sparing trial for advanced oropharyngeal cancer.200818474878
effective induction of type 1 helper igg2a and cytotoxic t-cell responses in mice following immunization with human papillomavirus type 16 e2 in mf59.human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 e2-specific cell-mediated immunity to the early viral antigen e2 is associated with regression of natural infection in patients with cervical dysplasia. vaccination strategies that activate this type of immune response may have application in the immunotherapeutic treatment of pre-existing hpv infections. the objective of this study was to test if cell-mediated immunity to e2 could be activated when delivered with the already licensed adjuvant mf 59. we found that i ...200818476769
the physical state of hpv16 infection and its clinical significance in cancer precursor lesion and cervical carcinoma.integration of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpvs) into the host dna has been proposed as a risk for cervical carcinogenesis. hpv-16 is the predominant high-risk type and its integration ration varied largely in different cervical cancer (cc) samples. the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between physical state of hpv16 infection and extent of cervical lesion, as well as the clinical significance of virus existing state.200818478264
human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 vaccine (recombinant, as04 adjuvanted, adsorbed) [cervarix]: profile report. 200818481902
age considerations when vaccinating against hpv.human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines have been shown to be both highly effective and safe, and there is now considerable enthusiasm among healthcare providers to use the vaccines to reduce the burden of hpv-associated disease in women. when considering who should be vaccinated, it is important that providers understand the complex relationships between age and hpv infections. hpv infections and cervical cancer have a widespread impact on society. cervical cancer is the cause of a significant amou ...200818482558
invited commentary: is monitoring of human papillomavirus infection for viral persistence ready for use in cervical cancer screening?persistent cervical infections by approximately 15 carcinogenic genotypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer and its immediate precancerous precursor, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or carcinoma in situ. as is shown in a meta-analysis by koshiol et al. (am j epidemiol 2008;168:123-137), detection of carcinogenic hpv viral persistence could be used to identify women at the greatest risk of cervical precancer. specifically, women who have carcino ...200818483124
the human papillomavirus vaccine.dialogues in dermatology, a monthly audio program from the american academy of dermatology, contains discussions between dermatologists on timely topics. commentaries from dialogues editor-in-chief warren r. heymann, md, are provided after each discussion as a topic summary and are provided here as a special service to readers of the journal of the american academy of dermatology.200818485986
[frequency, persistence and recurrence of hpv lesions of the uterine cervix in hiv-seropositive women].the aim of this study was to determine the frequency, persistence and risk of recurrence of human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions of the uterine cervix in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected women.200818486518
alterations in the p53 pathway and their association with radio- and chemosensitivity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are established measures in treatment protocols of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc). however, we still lack reliable predictive markers for the response to radio- and chemotherapy. the p53 pathway is involved in stress response and thus might influence chemo-/radiosensitivity. using 29 hnscc cell lines previously characterized for p53 mutations, we simultaneously analyzed several key players in the p53 pathway by rt-pcr, transcript sequencing and imm ...200818487078
md simulations of papillomavirus dna-e2 protein complexes hints at a protein structural code for dna deformation.the structural dynamics of the dna binding domains of the human papillomavirus strain 16 and the bovine papillomavirus strain 1, complexed with their dna targets, has been investigated by modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. the simulations underline different dynamical features of the protein scaffolds and a different mechanical interaction of the two proteins with dna. the two protein structures, although very similar, show differences in the relat ...200818487311
the hpv vaccine: framing the arguments for and against mandatory vaccination of all middle school girls.human papillomavirus (hpv), the virus responsible for cervical cancer, is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection in the united states. a vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of hpv responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. proposals for routine and mandatory hpv vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large.200818489462
reductions in human papillomavirus-disease resource use and costs with quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) recombinant vaccination: the future study economic evaluation.to examine the short-term impact of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (hpv) (types 6/11/16/18) recombinant vaccination upon hpv disease-related health-care resource utilization and costs among young women.200818489503
incidental epidermodysplasia verruciformis human papillomavirus infection (ev acanthoma): evidence for 'field cancerization' and a putative cofactor in seborrheic keratosis. 200818494819
centrosome-mediated chromosomal instability and steroid hormones as co factors in human papillomavirus-associated cervical carcinogenesis: small viruses help to answer big questions. 200818497035
human papillomavirus vaccine: effect of ethnic group should be clarified. 200818497381
long-term outcome after combined radiochemotherapy for anal cancer - retrospective analysis of efficacy, prognostic factors, and toxicity.this retrospective study evaluated the efficacy, prognostic factors, and toxicity of combined radiochemotherapy for anal cancer.200818497514
human papillomavirus dna versus papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. 200818265440
induction of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes and antitumor activity by a liposomal lipopeptide vaccine.we have previously described a simple yet effective liposome-based therapeutic vaccine, dotap/e7, which contains only two molecules, the cationic lipid dotap and a peptide antigen derived from the e7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16. in the current report, we have improved the vaccine formulation by incorporation of e7-lipopeptide instead of the water-soluble native e7 peptide into the dotap liposome. the lipopeptide consists of an n-terminal alpha- or -palmitoyl lysine connecte ...200818266319
epidermodysplasia verruciformis with severe hand and foot deformity successfully treated with surgical excision.epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare skin disease due to human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. we report here a male patient of 39 years with severe giant lesion of hands and feet leading to disability for 20 years. the function of the hands was almost lost. we treated the case with the shaving technique and a satisfactory result without recrudescence in the following two years. no apparent scarring resulted.200818267314
improved survival of patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a prospective clinical trial.the improved prognosis for patients with human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) relative to hpv-negative hnscc observed in retrospective analyses remains to be confirmed in a prospective clinical trial.200818270337
a novel therapeutic fusion protein vaccine by two different families of heat shock proteins linked with hpv16 e7 generates potent antitumor immunity and antiangiogenesis.human papillomaviruses (hpv), particularly hpv16, is considered a necessary cause of cervical and oral cancer. thus, the development of a therapeutic vaccine against hpv is important for the control of cervical cancer. however, therapeutic vaccination has been limited by inadequate antigen-specific immune responses. heat shock proteins (hsp), including calreticulin (crt), hsp70 and gp96, have been shown to act as potent immunoadjuvant to enhance antigen-specific tumor immunity. previous studies ...200818272260
imiquimod leads to a decrease of human papillomavirus dna and to a sustained clearance of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in hiv-infected men.anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain), a human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated precursor lesion of anal carcinoma, is highly prevalent in hiv-infected men having sex with men (msm). this prospective follow-up study evaluated the long-term results of imiquimod treatment of ain in 19 hiv-infected msm. standardized follow-up examinations included high-resolution anoscopy, anal cytology/histology, hpv typing, and dna load determination for hpv types 16, 18, 31, and 33. mean follow-up time was 30.3 mo ...200818273049
role of il-2 secreted by padre-specific cd4+ t cells in enhancing e7-specific cd8+ t-cell immune responses.cd4(+) t helper cells are known to play an integral role in the generation of cd8(+) t-cell immune responses. we have previously shown that co-administration of dna vaccines containing e6 or e7 protein of human papillomavirus 16 (hpv-16) combined with dna encoding invariant (ii) chain in which class ii-associated ii peptide (clip) region is replaced with the cd4(+) t helper epitope, padre (pan-dr-epitope) (ii-padre dna) enhanced hpv antigen-specific cd8(+) t-cell immune responses in vaccinated m ...200818273057
age at menarche is not an independent risk factor for high-risk human papillomavirus infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.data are controversial as to the role of menarche age as a risk factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) infections. the objective of this study was to analyse the risk estimates for age at menarche as determinant of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and hr-hpv infections. a cohort of 3187 women were stratified into three groups according to their age at menarche: (i) women <13 years of age; (ii) those between 13 and 14 years and (iii) women >15 years of age. these groups were an ...200818275641
new viral vaccines for dermatologic disease.two new viral vaccines have recently been approved by the food and drug administration. human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine is intended to reduce infection with the most common hpv types that cause anogenital disease, including cervical cancer and genital warts. herpes zoster (hz) vaccine is intended to prevent shingles and its complications. the use of these two vaccines will immediately begin to impact dermatologic practice throughout the world and will reduce the healthcare burden associated w ...200818280332
human papillomavirus vaccination: expected impacts and unresolved issues. 200818280831
the effect of proteasome inhibition on p53 degradation and proliferation in tonsil epithelial cells.to determine whether proteasome inhibition could reverse e6-mediated p53 degradation, cause selective growth inhibition, and induce apoptosis in human papillomavirus e6-transformed primary tonsil epithelial cells.200818283158
long-term outcomes of high-risk human papillomavirus infection support a long interval of cervical cancer screening.knowing that infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) causes virtually all cervical cancer (cc), the long-term outcomes of hpv infection, especially the absolute risk and time lapse of developing cc, are beyond the scope of ordinary follow-up study owing to ethical concerns. the present study followed the natural history and long-term outcomes of hpv infection in a cohort of women by national health insurance care and data linkage without additional disturbance. the status of cervical h ...200818283313
circumcision and human papillomavirus infection in men: a site-specific comparison.lack of circumcision has been identified as a risk factor for male genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, although this association has not been consistently supported.200818284369
a giant condyloma accuminata.condyloma accuminata is not a rare disease in our country. but such a giant condyloma accuminata is very uncommon case that we reported here. it is a type of venereal wart that commonly grows in genital region, caused by the hpv (human papilloma virus). it is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted disease in western countries. the patient presented with cauliflower like fungating growth over the genitalia for 15 years with pain and burning sensation over the lesion for 1 month. p ...200818285732
a methodological framework to distinguish spectrum effects from spectrum biases and to assess diagnostic and screening test accuracy for patient populations: application to the papanicolaou cervical cancer smear test.a spectrum effect was defined as differences in the sensitivity or specificity of a diagnostic test according to the patient's characteristics or disease features. a spectrum effect can lead to a spectrum bias when subgroup variations in sensitivity or specificity also affect the likelihood ratios and thus post-test probabilities. we propose and illustrate a methodological framework to distinguish spectrum effects from spectrum biases.200818291032
human papillomavirus and mutated h-ras oncogene in cervical carcinomas and pathological negative pelvic lymph nodes: a retrospective follow-up.the metastasis status of pelvic lymph nodes (plns) seems to be a predictive factor of survival. it was suggested that the presence of hpv dna and other biological markers in pln may indicate a sub clinical early metastasis. the aim was to describe the prevalence and distribution patterns of hpv dna and h-ras mutations in intra operatively obtained cervical tumors and pln. thirty-seven cervical tumors and 61 lymph node biopsies from 37 patients with cervical cancer were selected. hpv typing and l ...200818297710
frequent epigenetic silencing of the fhit gene in penile squamous cell carcinomas.methylation of normally unmethylated cpg-rich islands in or near the promoter region has been associated with transcriptional inactivation of tumor-suppressor and tumor-related genes in human cancers. however, so far, only a few studies have searched for dna methylation in penile carcinoma (pc). on the other hand, human papillomavirus (hpv) has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of pc. to elucidate the methylation status of pc and hpv infection, the methylation status of eight ...200818299890
hpv vaccine mandates: just say 'no' to the "great big public health experiment".while many states are seriously considering requiring vaccination of pre-teen girls as a condition of middle school admission, the case for mandatory human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine is very weak. such a requirement lacks the traditional justification for vaccine mandates and therefore represents an unjustified usurpation ofparental authority. moreover, serious questions remain as to whether the vaccine is effective in preventing cervical cancer. the vaccine is the most expensive pediatric vac ...200818300597
anal intraepithelial neoplasia: correlation of grade with p16ink4a immunohistochemistry and hpv in situ hybridization.accurate diagnosis and grading of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) can be problematic, especially in separating ain from anal transitional-zone epithelium. immunohistochemistry (ihc) for p16 correlates with human papillomavirus (hpv) integration into the host genome, and hpv subtyping by in situ hybridization (ish) is now readily available. to investigate if p16 would help in more accurately diagnosing and grading ain, particularly when attempting to distinguish benign transitional-zone epit ...200818301250
screening with a primary human papillomavirus test does not increase detection of cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia 3.to determine cross-sectional validity of primary human papillomavirus (hpv) screening in comparison to cytological screening.200818248809
anomalous features of emt during keratinocyte transformation.during the evolution of epithelial cancers, cells often lose their characteristic features and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, in a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (emt). in the present study we followed early stages of keratinocyte transformation by hpv16, and observed diverse cellular changes, associated with emt. we compared primary keratinocytes with early and late passages of hf1 cells, a cell line of hpv16-transformed keratinocytes. we have previously shown that during ...200818253510
pcr detection rates of high risk human papillomavirus dna in paired self-collected urine and cervical scrapes after laser co2 conization for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.to compare the pcr detection rates of high risk human papillomavirus dna in self-collected urine and cervical scrapes during follow-up of patients treated for hg-cin by laser co2 conization.200818255129
hada3 degradation by papillomavirus type 16 e6 correlates with abrogation of the p14arf-p53 pathway and efficient immortalization of human mammary epithelial cells.two activities of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 (hpv16 e6) are proposed to contribute to the efficient immortalization of human epithelial cells: the degradation of p53 protein and the induction of telomerase. however, the requirement for p53 inactivation has been debated. another e6 target is the hada3 protein, a p53 coactivator and a component of histone acetyltransferase complexes. we have previously described the role of hada3 and p53 acetylation in p14arf-induced human mammary epithelial ...200818256148
human papillomavirus dna versus papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. 200818256402
dna-vaccination via tattooing induces stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than intramuscular delivery supported by molecular adjuvants.tattooing is one of a number of dna delivery methods which results in an efficient expression of an introduced gene in the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin. the tattoo procedure causes many minor mechanical injuries followed by hemorrhage, necrosis, inflammation and regeneration of the skin and thus non-specifically stimulates the immune system. dna vaccines delivered by tattooing have been shown to induce higher specific humoral and cellular immune responses than intramuscularly injected ...200818257910
p53 codon 72 polymorphism associated with risk of human papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in never-smokers.the tumor suppressor p53 protein can be bound, degraded and inactivated by the human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 oncoprotein. the p53 protein's susceptibility to this oncoprotein may be influenced by the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, but the role of such a polymorphism in the development of hpv16-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (sccop) has not been established. to investigate the role of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism in the risk of hpv16-associated sccop, we conducted a hospital-ba ...200818258602
reducing patient risk for human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer.the majority of cervical cancers result when the human papillomavirus (hpv) is transmitted from a man to a woman during vaginal intercourse. several factors, including vaginal intercourse at an early age or with multiple sex partners, place women at increased risk for infection with hpv. it is important for physicians to be aware of these risk factors and to screen for them in all of their female patients. it is also important for physicians to be familiar with the new hpv vaccinations that are ...200818303060
mechanisms of human papillomavirus type 16 neutralization by l2 cross-neutralizing and l1 type-specific antibodies.pseudovirions of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), the principal etiologic agent in 50% of cervical cancers, were used as a model system to investigate the cell surface interactions involved in the exposure of the broadly cross-neutralizing papillomavirus l2 epitopes. these neutralizing epitopes were exposed only after cell surface binding and a subsequent change in capsid conformation that permitted cleavage by the cellular protease furin at a specific highly conserved site in l2 that is im ...200818305047
risk assessment to guide the prevention of cervical cancer.advances in screening and diagnosis make it increasingly possible to prevent cervical cancer. however, if misused or poorly understood, these new tools will only increase costs and potentially harm patients without benefit. as a framework for standardized care that maximizes patient safety and well-being, we propose that a risk model be adopted to guide clinical management now and in the future. the model would use thresholds of increasing risk for cervical precancer and treatable cancer to guid ...200818162804
prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus types in mexican women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma.prevalence of high risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) types in the states of san luis potosí (slp) and guanajuato (gto), mexico, was determined by restriction fragment length-polymorphism (rflp) analysis on the e6 ~250 bp (e6-250) hr-hpv products amplified from cervical scrapings of 442 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma (280 from slp and 192 from gto). fresh cervical scrapings for hpv detection and typing were obtained from all of them and cytological and/or ...200818307798
distinct risk factor profiles for human papillomavirus type 16-positive and human papillomavirus type 16-negative head and neck cancers.high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv), including hpv-16, cause a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnsccs). we examined whether the risk factors for hpv-16-positive hnsccs are similar to those for hpv-16-negative hnsccs in a hospital-based case-control study.200818334711
hypermethylation of the thrombospondin-1 gene is associated with poor prognosis in penile squamous cell carcinoma.to evaluate the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, the methylation status in the promoter region of thrombospondin-1 (tsp-1), ras association domain family 1a (rassf1-a) and p16 genes, and the expression of tsp-1, cd31, p16 and p53 proteins in patients diagnosed with penile cancer, and the possible associations between these variables and clinical and pathological features.200818336597
[realgar nanometer suspension inducing apoptosis of siha cell and its effect on expression of hpve6/e7 oncogene].to study the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of realgar nanometer suspension in human carcinoma cervical cell siha line, and the effect on hpv16e6/e7 oncogene expression.200818338621
prevalence and genotypes identification of human papillomavirus infection in a population of south italy.a limited number of human papillomavirus (hpv) types account for the majority of invasive cervical cancer cases.200818339580
estimation of the impact of genital warts on health-related quality of life.one of the two new human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines protects against hpv types 6 and 11, which cause over 95% of genital warts, in addition to protecting against hpv types 16 and 18. in anticipation of hpv vaccine implementation, the impact of genital warts on health-related quality of life (hrqol) was measured to assess the potential benefits of the quadrivalent over the bivalent vaccine.200818339658
hpv type infection in different anogenital sites among hiv-positive brazilian women.to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types, and risk factors for hpv positivity across cervix, vagina and anus, we conducted a study among 138 women with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).200818341690
the evolution of hpv-related anogenital cancers reported in quebec - incidence rates and survival probabilities.non-cervical anogenital cancers (i.e. anal, vulvar, vaginal and penile cancers) associated with the human papillomavirus (hpv), for which hpv is known to be the necessary cause of carcinogenesis, are poorly documented due to their relatively low incidence rate. the aim of this study is to describe the incidence rates of these cancers between 1984 and 2001, and their relative survival probabilities, in quebec (canada) between 1984 and 1998. the incidence of these cancers is on the rise, particula ...200818341764
[treatment of pediatric genital condyloma].condyloma, also known as venereal warts, are caused by human papillomavirus (hpv). conventional wart therapies destroy infected keratinocytes rather than directly inhibiting viral infection or replication. no available drug therapy effectively eliminates hpv. treatments are often disappointing for the patient, the family and the physician due to the duration of the disease and the frequency of recurrences in spite of treatment.200818342497
hpv-related anogenital disease and hiv infection: not always 'ordinary' condylomata acuminata.human papillomavirus (hpv) is responsible for various diseases in the anogenital region which range from benign condylomata acuminata to anal carcinoma. buschke-loewenstein tumour is a clinically 'intermediate' condition which is histologically benign but due to extensive destruction of the local tissues can show malignant behaviour. its early recognition as a different clinical entity to 'ordinary' condylomata acuminata is important for its adequate management. immunocompromised persons, such a ...200818349464
selected class i and class ii hla alleles and haplotypes and risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.human leukocyte antigens (hlas) present foreign antigens to the immune system and may be important determinants of cervical neoplasia. previously published associations between hla and cervical neoplasia exhibit considerable variation in findings. the biomarkers of cervical cancer risk (bccr) case-control study addressed the role of specific hla alleles as cofactors in the development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (hg-cin) based on the most consistent evidence from published l ...200818351579
the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in paired urine and cervical smear samples of hiv-infected women.hiv-infected women are at increased risk for cervical dysplasia. cervical dysplasia is caused by persistent infections with certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv). conventional testing for genital hpv infections requires cervical cytology. a non-invasive screening method by detection of hpv dna in urine samples is preferable but is not a routine practice.200818354821
expression of human beta-defensin-2 and -3 in verrucae vulgares and condylomata acuminata.the human beta defensins (hbds) 2 and 3 contribute to the inducible antimicrobial peptides in human skin. besides an important role in fighting bacteria, they may also exert antiviral function. verrucae vulgares and condylomata acuminata are typical cutaneous viral diseases caused by different subtypes of the human papillomavirus. their tendency for spontaneous regression could be caused by antiviral proteins like defensins. in a retoperspective study, we investigated lesions of verrucae vulgare ...200818355203
connective tissue growth factor linked to the e7 tumor antigen generates potent antitumor immune responses mediated by an antiapoptotic mechanism.a novel method for generating an antigen-specific cancer vaccine and immunotherapy has emerged using a dna vaccine. however, antigen-presenting cells (apcs) have a limited life span, which hinders their long-term ability to prime antigen-specific t cells. connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) has a role in cell survival. this study explored the intradermal administration of dna encoding ctgf with a model tumor antigen, human papilloma virus type 16 e7. mice vaccinated with ctgf/e7 dna exhibited ...200818356819
evaluation of cobas ampliprep automated nucleic acid extraction for genotyping human papillomavirus (hpv) by the roche linear array hpv test. 200818358220
modification of human papillomavirus-like particle vaccine by insertion of the cross-reactive l2-epitopes.infection with human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16), which is one of the 15 types of hpv causally associated with cervical cancer and accounts for 50% of the cases, can be prevented in a type-specific manner by an hpv16 virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine comprised of particles of the l1 protein alone. we attempted to modify the vlp vaccine by inserting the hpv16 l2-peptides including cross-neutralization epitopes into the l1 polypeptide. the chimeric l1 had, between l1 amino acids (aa) 430 and 433, th ...200818360909
condoms for sexually transmissible infection prevention: politics versus science.the present review assesses the protection that condoms offer against sexually transmissible infections (sti) and the impact that social, political and religious opinion in the usa has had in the past 8 years on promoting condoms for safer sex. condoms offer protection against most sti. however, the degree of protection depends on correct and consistent use, the type of sexual activity and the biological characteristics of different infections. cross-sectional and case-control studies and other ...200818361848
activation of nf-kappab by alloferon through down-regulation of antioxidant proteins and ikappabalpha.alloferon is a 13-amino acid peptide isolated from the bacteria-challenged larvae of the blow fly calliphora vicina. the pharmaceutical value of the peptide has been well demonstrated by its capacity to stimulate nk cytotoxic activity and interferon (ifn) synthesis in animal and human models, as well as to enhance antiviral and antitumor activities in mice. antiviral and the immunomodulatory effectiveness of alloferon have also been supported clinically proved in patients suffering with herpes s ...200818363038
expression and purification of human papillomavirus 18 l1 virus-like particle from saccharomyces cerevisiae.cervical cancer caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) might be successfully prevented by hpv vaccination and screening. hpv vaccination and hpv serology assays have been investigated using hpv virus-like particles (vlps). in this study we produced hpv18 l1 vlps in saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified them. the hpv18 l1 gene was cloned into the yeast expression vector yegalpha-hir525, and transformed into saccharomyces cerevisiae. expression of hpv18 l1 protein was demonstrated by western blottin ...200818365691
will vaccination against human papillomavirus prevent eye disease? a review of the evidence.the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in eye disease is controversial. however, a recent case illustrates the possible role of hpv in conjunctival squamous carcinoma and the potentially devastating effects of this disease. the development of two vaccines to prevent infection with hpv types most commonly associated with anogenital cancers has led to debate about the pros and cons of a national immunisation programme to prevent cervical cancer. the introduction of such a vaccination pro ...200818369059
cervical cytology specimen adequacy: patient management guidelines and optimizing specimen collection.to provide updated management guidelines according to cervical cytology specimen adequacy and techniques to optimize adequacy based on literature review and expert opinion.200818369299
communicating colposcopy results: what do patients and providers discuss?we describe the content of providers' postcolposcopy consultations and women's perceptions of consultations and their conditions.200818369302
acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine by gynecologists in an urban setting.to determine the percentage of patients vaccinated per individual provider and to document attitudes and reasons for the acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine.200818369305
hpv vaccine acceptability in a rural southern area.although cervical cancer rates in the united states are highest in southern and rural areas, research on human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine acceptability has focused on other geographic areas.200818370586
summaries for patients. results of pap smears and human papillomavirus tests during cervical cancer screening. 200818378942
human papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology in women screened for cervical cancer in the united states, 2003-2005.millions of women in the united states receive cervical screening in sexually transmitted disease (std), family planning, and primary care clinical settings.200818378945
the majority of viral-cellular fusion transcripts in cervical carcinomas cotranscribe cellular sequences of known or predicted genes.integration of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna into the host genome is a frequent event in cervical carcinogenesis and is reported to occur at randomly selected chromosomal sites. however, as the databases are being up-dated continuously, the knowledge based on sequenced viral integration sites also expands. in this study, viral-cellular fusion transcripts of a preselected group of 74 cervical carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (cin3) biopsies harboring integrated hpv16, hpv1 ...200818381461
a direct comparison of human papillomavirus type 16 l1 particles reveals a lower immunogenicity of capsomeres than viruslike particles with respect to the induced antibody response.capsomeres are considered to be an alternative to viruslike particle (vlp)-based vaccines as they can be produced in prokaryotic expression systems. so far, no detailed side-by-side comparison of vlps and capsomeres has been performed. in the present study, we immunized mice with insect cell-derived human papillomavirus type 16 vlps and capsomeres. vlps induced consistently higher antibody titers than capsomeres but the two forms induced similar cd8 t-cell responses after subcutaneous, intranasa ...200818385253
treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical imiquimod.alternatives to surgery are needed for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. we investigated the effectiveness of imiquimod 5% cream, a topical immune-response modulator, for the treatment of this condition.200818385498
podophyllotoxin directly binds a hinge domain in e2 of hpv and inhibits an e2/e7 interaction in vitro.podophyllotoxin (pt), a strong cytotoxic agent from berberidaceae, has been known to inhibit tubulin polymerization. although pt has been used for developing anticancer drugs as one of seed compounds, clinical treatment by itself has been unsuccessful because of the side effects, except one example in the treatments of warts. in this study, we screened peptides binding to pt with t7 phage display clonings in order to obtain more information about molecular mechanism of the action. a selected pha ...200818396405
the case for a gender-neutral (universal) human papillomavirus vaccination policy in the united states: point. 200818398020
human papillomavirus in cervical cancer screening: important role as biomarker.cervical cytology screening has reduced cervical cancer morbidity and mortality but shows important shortcomings in terms of sensitivity and specificity. infection with distinct types of human papillomavirus (hpv) is the primary etiologic factor in cervical carcinogenesis. this causal relationship has been exploited for the development of molecular technologies for viral detection to overcome limitations linked to cytologic cervical screening. hpv testing has been suggested for primary screening ...200818398022
hpv status and regional metastasis in the prognosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer.prognostic factors are important for treatment decisions as they help adapt the therapy on a case-to-case basis. nodal status, number of positive nodes, and presence of extracapsular spread are considered to be the important prognostic factors in head and neck cancer. some studies suggest that human papillomavirus (hpv) status also influences the outcome of the treatment. this influence can be explained by the variation in tendency to develop regional metastases and by variation in the type of n ...200818094985
clinical cancer advances 2007: major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening--a report from the american society of clinical oncology.a message from asco's president: for the third year, the american society of clinical oncology (asco) is publishing clinical cancer advances: major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening, an annual review of the most significant cancer research presented or published over the past year. asco publishes this report to demonstrate the important progress being made on the front lines of clinical cancer research today. the report is intended to give all those with an interes ...200818086794
reactivity pattern of 92 monoclonal antibodies with 15 human papillomavirus types.most anti-human papillomavirus (hpv) capsid antibody assays are based on virus-like particles (vlp). we evaluated glutathione s-transferase (gst)-l1 fusion proteins as elisa antigens for determining type specificity and cross-reactivity of 92 vlp-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab) generated against nine mucosal alpha papillomavirus types of species 7, 9 and 10. the antibody panel included 25 new mab, and 24 previously published mab are further characterized. we determined the cross-reactivity ...200818089735
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