Publications

contamination of primary embryonic bovine kidney cell cultures with parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	two different viruses were isolated from bovine embryonic cell cultures after two subcultures from the primary cells. one virus was identified as parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 (sv-5), and the other was identified as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. six months later, stock cultures of pig kidney (pk-15) cells were found to be contaminated with sv-5 virus. we believe that the source of the sv-5 virus in the bovine cells was a cross-contamination from monkey kidneys during preparation ...	1978	75889
structural proteins of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus grown in bovine embryo kidney cell cultures was concentrated and purified in ficoll density gradients. the polypeptide composition of the virus was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the mature virion was found to contain 18 structural proteins with molecular weights from 250,000 to 29,000 daltons; 8 of them were glycosylated. the similarity of ibr virus protein composition to proteins of other herpetoviruses is discussed.	1977	20761
experimental infection of rabbits with the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.	adult and newborn rabbits were infected with the la strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. adult rabbits developed only mild, self-limiting conjunctivitis, but had microscopic inflammatory foci in the liver and adrenal glands. newborn rabbits developed a severe, sometimes fatal, generalized infection with focal and diffuse necrosis of the liver and adrenal glands.	1977	193550
investigation of causative agents of bovine respiratory tract disease in a beef cow-calf herd with an early weaning program.	serum samples were collected from early weaned fall calves shortly after the onset of respiratory tract disease. antibody titers to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus, bovine adenovirus type 3 (bav-3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) were determined on paired (acute and convalescent) serums. seroconversion rate (a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titer) for ibr virus was 4.3%, pi-3 virus--16.3%, bv ...	1977	201196
mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis in pneumonia and arthritis of the bovine.	the pneumonic lungs of 42 cattle from 26 feedlots were examined for the presence of mycoplasma, pathogenic bacteria and viruses. four animals representative of two lots failed to yield mycoplasma. one of these yielded the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and pasteurella hemolytica, the other yielded only p. p. multocida. nine animals in eight lots yielded mycoplasma sp.: five of these were m. bovirhinis, two were m. arginini and two were untypable. all of these animals yielded one or m ...	1977	832194
in vitro transmission and propagation of the bovine leukemia virus in monolayer cell cultures.	this study demonstrates that the bovine leukemia virus (blv) can infect in vitro cells of human, simian, bovine, canine, caprine, ovine, and bat origin. cultures of these cells, cocultivated with blv-infected cells or inoculated with cell-free blv preparations, continuoously showed the presence of cells with the internal blv antigen as well as blv-induced syncytia. virus replication was abundant and increased with passage in bat lung cells and was moderate but constant in fetal canine thymus cel ...	1976	61801
use of polyethyleneglycol-treated serum for animal cell cultures.	although many proteins will be removed from sera by precipitation with 10% polyethyleneglycol (peg) the growth-promoting properties of such peg-treated sera for many cell lines and cell strains are hardly reduced. among the precipitated proteins are the macroglobulins which are difficult to remove from cell cultures and which may cause allergic reactions if incorporated into vaccines. the gammaglobulins are removed in this way as well. if the sera are contaminated with viruses or phages the titr ...	1976	201528
purification and buoyant density of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	a purification scheme for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus utilizing rate-zonal centrifugation in a 10-40% potassium tartrate gradient was described. the density of ibrv in the potassium tartrate gradient was found to be 1.22 g/cm3. electron microscopic examination of purified virus preparations revealed homogeneous populations of enveloped virions with minute projections on the envelope surface.	1976	175368
growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) in human diploid cell strain wi-38.	ibr virus was found to replicate in wi-38 cells. at a high input multiplicity the virus yield was comparable to that obtained in bovine cells, but comparable degree of cpe took longer to achieve. at a low input multiplicity of ibr virus, such as may be encountered in virus contaminated bovine serum, virus yield was only about 1% of that in bovine cells, with 50% of the cells showing cpe, followed by cell regrowth. infectious virus was not recoverable from the regrown cells by 5 weeks after initi ...	1976	175382
shipping fever pneumonia in yearling feedlot cattle.	during each week of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, a continually changing population of yearling feedlot cattle that, for the year, totaled 407,000 animals. about 5.1% of the cattle sickened and, of these, 18.9% died. from the 3,943 fatalities, 1,988 necropsies were made. about 75% of the clinical diagnoses and 64% of the necropsy diagnoses were respiratory tract diseases; of the fatalities from respiratory tract diseases, 75% were attributed to shipping fever pneumonia. nearly 72% ...	1976	783102
pathological and microbiological observations made on spontaneous cases of acute neonatal calf diarrhea.	the purpose of this report is to describe clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, bacteriological and immunofluorescence observations made on spontaneous cases of acute neonatal calf diarrhea (ncd) in dairy and beef herds. the following diagnostic tools were used: 1) direct smears of intestinal content, 2) escherichia coli counts, 3) aerobic bacterial cultures of the small intestine and other organs (the o serogroup and the enterotoxigenicity of the e. coli isolated was determined), 4) de ...	1976	793692
effects of crude extracts of various plants on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-plaque production.	extracts of 28 plants were tested without demonstable antiviral activity in an agar-overlay plaque-reduction antiviral assay system, using infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine endocardial cell cultures. ethanolic extract of narcissus tazetta l bulb elicited antiviral activity by inhibition of viral plaque formation. antiviral activity was demonstrated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine rhinopneumonitis viruses. narcissus tazetta l bulb did not directly inactivate ...	1976	176907
effects of vaccination infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and simultaneous administration of levamisole on primary humoral responses in calves.	in a study on the primary humoral response of calves vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and simultaneously given levamisole, mild but consistent suppression of the group's geometric mean serum-neutralization titer to ibr virus occurred between 12 and 59 days later. the quantitative determination of circulating immunoglobulins (ig) over the same period indicated a slight decrease in the igg concentrations from an initial geometric mean concentration of 18.28 mg/ml before c ...	1976	176908
effects of swab materials on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	the recovery rates of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from swab materials were compared. the adsorptive and elutive properties of cotton, polyester, and calcium alginate wool were examined by direct exposure of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus to swab materials in buffered tissue culture medium. calcium alginate wool was virucidal; this was apparent after 2 hours' exposure. cotton and polyester swab materials exhibited little virucidal effects. the addition of wooden applicator st ...	1976	180853
[study of the immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccines prepared with the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr)].	tested were the chemical and physico-chemical means for the inactivation of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. formalin and saponin were shown to decrease the immunogenic activity of the virus. the inactivation of the virus, preserving its immunogenic properties, was achieved with the use of two inactivating factors (1 and 2), and the concentrated vaccines produced containing an oil adjuvant at amounts of 10 cu. cm per dose in the vaccination and revaccination at a 28-day interval prov ...	1976	181897
[local interferon production in cattle after intranasal infection with avirulent ibr/ipv virus and its effect on a subsequent infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus].		1976	183421
envelopment and the envelopes of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in ultrathin sections.	an electron microsopic study of cell cultures and bovine foetal tracheal organ cultures infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus showed the following. a) the difference in the site at which the outer envelope is acquired in the infected cell is responsible for some morphological differences between the virions. where envelopment of the capsids occurs by budding into cytoplasmic tubules, dense material adjacent to the tubules is often incorporated between the capsid and the out ...	1976	183630
lymphocyte activation by cell separation procedures.	cell separation techniques normally used to obtain subpopulations of lymphocytes were shown, under certain conditions, to render the cells cytotoxic towards a number of target-cells including autologous lymphocytes. to cause cytotoxicity, it was necessary to pass cells through glass wool and/or nylon wool columns equilibrated with media containing fresh plasma or serum. cells lost activation upon overnight in vitro culture or treatment with trypsin. in addition to direct cell cytotoxicity, cells ...	1976	186400
[the presence of antibodies to ibr/ipv virus in cattle in the environs of leyden (author's transl)].	the appearance of ibr among cattle in the environs of leyden is reported. possible explanations of local differences in the incidence of ibr and possible effects on ibr immunisation of cattle in these areas are referred to in the discussion.	1976	189454
persistent infection with bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) in cultured hamster cells.	bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in hamster embryo cells was found to be dependent upon input multiplicity; productive infection was achieved at input multiplicities greater than one, while persistent infection was established when input multiplicities were about 0.5. this persistence was characterized by a noncyclic, minimal degree of cytopathic effect with a low level of released virus. maintenance of the persistently infected cultures did not require external supportive measures. subcultivation ...	1976	190164
[corticoid activation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus--infectious pustular vulvovaginitis virus (ibr-ipv)].	the course of infection and ibr virus reactivation was studied in three experimentally infected weaned calves and three cows from naturally invaded herds. the animals were infected intranasally, intratracheally, and by contact. after 20, 41, and 105 days from primary infection, both in calves and in cows, dexametazon was applied in a series of six to seven intramuscular injections. the presence of the virus was examined in the nasal, conjunctival, vaginal and/or preputial secretions and in blood ...	1976	190757
the use of frozen cells in the microtitre serum neutralization test for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.	some parameters of the microtitre serum neutralization test were examined when using bovine fetal kidney cells derived from stocks stored in liquid nitrogen. in replicate tests with one serum there was no significant difference (p greater than 0.05) between titres calculated on the basis of cytopathic effect when either two or four wells were used per serum dilution. also, there was no significant difference between titres calculated on the basis of a cell staining method when either two or four ...	1975	163125
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis viral isolates from cattle with epididymitis and vaginitis.	infectious bovine rhinotracheitis-infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr-ipv) viral isolates were obtained from cattle affected with epididymitis-vaginitis. isolation of virus from the diseased animals indicated that the genital form of ibr-ipv virus infection exists in kenya and that epididymitis-vaginitis may be associated with ibr-ipv virus. serums prepared from cattle having the genital form of the disease did not always have detectable antibody titers.	1975	163602
correlation between the serum neutralization test and the indirect immunofluorescent test for the detection of specific antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	comparative titrations show that immunofluorescence on infected rabbit kidney cells is relatively as sensitive as the neutralization test for the detection of antibodies to the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. when calf testis cells infected with this virus are used for the detection of antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescent test nonspecific staining is high. this nonspecific reaction is absent when rabbit kidney cells are used.	1975	164993
antibody levels and immunity to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) infections in wisconsin dairy cattle.	individual cows and calves in 7 holstein-friesian herds with a history of respiratory disease in green county, wisconsin, usa, were swabbed intranasally and bled monthly, some for periods over 1 year. virus isolation and serological procedures were completed on the samples in an attempt to recognize the problems and peculiarities that ibr virus continues to cause in dairy cows, in spite of, and possibly because of vaccines available for immunization against this agent. while ibr virus was isolat ...	1975	165127
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. history and recent developments.	the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus belongs to the group of herpes viruses. it causes in cattle a severe disease predominantly in the upper respiratory tract. morbidity rate is 100 percent, mortality - depending on hygienic and other factors - ranges from 0-15 percent. the ibr virus is serologically indistinguishable from the infect pustulat vulvovaginitis (ipv) virus which causes disorders of the genital tract in both male and female cattle. possibly the ipv virus is the older of ...	1975	165129
a serologic survey of pronghorns in alberta and saskatchewan, 1970-1972.	to determine the exposure of free-ranging pronghorns (antilocapra americana ord) to selected pathogens, serum samples were obtained from 33 live-trapped animals from southwestern saskatchewan in 1970, and from 26 and 51 animals from southeastern alberta, in 1971 and 1972, respectively. antibodies were found to the agents of parainfluenza 3, bovine virus diarrhea, eastern and western encephalomyelitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the chlamydial group. no serologic reactors were found to ...	1975	167203
[i.b.r (author's transl)].	the clinical pictures which may be produced by ibr/ipv virus in cattle are briefly reviewed. up to the autumn of 1972, infection occurred only sporadically in the netherlands, no typical cases of ibr having been reported up to the fall of that year. since the winter of 1972-1973 ibr has increasingly been diagnosed, particularly during the winter months. it may, however, be mistaken for other infections of the respiratory tract. the infection apears to be spreading. the clinical features, diagnos ...	1975	168664
synthesis and cell culture studies on the antiviral activity of 5-mercaptomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine.	treatment of 5-mercaptomethyluracil (i) with trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine gave 2,4,5-tris-(trimethylsilyl)-5-mercaptomethyluracil (ii) which, upon coupling with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-o-(p-toluoyl)-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl chloride, furnished as anomeric mixture of fully substituted 2'-deoxy ribonucleosides. the nucleoside with beta configuration (iii) was predominantly formed and was isolated as a crystalline solid. the free nucleoside iv was obtained by removal of blocking ...	1975	169351
evaluation of inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines.	sixty-five calves of approximately three months of age and of mixed sex were vaccinated twice at four week intervals with either attenuated or inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccines. following initial vaccination there was no demonstrable serum infectious bovine rhinotracheitis titer in any of the calves receiving the inactivated vaccine with 20.7% of the calves receiving the attenuated vaccines having demonstrable titers. following a second administration of vaccine at eight wee ...	1975	169968
isolation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from mustelidae.	herpesviruses isolated from either domesticated or wild carnivores should be immunologically compared with known viruses of this group which could have been included in the diet of the animal before being considered to be previously undescribed herpesviruses native to the carnivore in question.	1975	170300
detection of bovine viruses in fetal bovine serum used in cell culture.	this investigation employed a viral screening method detect endogenous bovine virus contaminants in commercially supplied fetal bovine serum. fifty-one lots of fetal bovine serum from 14 suppliers were examined. over 30% of the lots tested were found to contain bovine viruses; they included bovine virus diarrhea virus, parainfluenza type3-like virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine enterovirus type 4, and an unidentified cytopathogenic agent. of the 51 lots, 20 had been pretested by the suppliers ...	1975	172434
[localization of viral antigen in cell cultures infected with the ibr-ipv virus].	using the immunofluorescence method and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled antibodies against the ibr-ipv virus the dynamics was followed up of the production of the viral antigen in primary cell cultures of calf kidney and a permanent cell line of calf kidney infected with ibr-ipv strains isolated in this country. to avoid nonspecific reactions in the fluorescence-and-serologic demonstration of the viral antigen a method was employed for the contrast staining with evans blue. a positive reacti ...	1975	175554
use of corticosteroids to isolate ibr virus from cattle in cyprus after respiratory disease and ataxia.	an outbreak of ataxia, blindness, respiratory disease and kerato-conjunctivitis occurred in october 1972 in a beef feedlot in cyprus. fifteen animals died and 10 that were severely ataxic were slaughtered; many animals became blind. there was no opportunity to isolate virus when the disease was active but in march and october 1973 infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus was isolated from cattle after they had been treated corticosteroids to stimulate virus excretion. it is probable that ...	1975	49119
virus isolations from cases of infectious bovine pustlo-vulvovaginitis and posthitis (ipv/ipb) in cattle in tanzania.		1974	4378003
role of cell-mediated immunity in the recovery of cattle from primary and recurrent infections with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	when cattle infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) were treated 3 months later with a synthetic corticosteroid, consistent recrudescence of the infection was observed. suppression of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by lymphocyte transformation responses, could be demonstrated at the time of recrudescence. treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and trigeminal neurotomy also resulted in recrudescence of ibrv, but immunosuppression was not detected in these animals. th ...	1973	4355136
respiratory viruses of cattle.		1971	4335759
a micro-passive hemagglutination test for the rapid detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.	serum antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus are most commonly detected using the serum-virus-neutralization test, a time-consuming and expensive procedure. a passive hemagglutination test was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies using the microtiter system. two cloned strains of the virus were used in the investigation, namely the bf strain and the los angeles strain. erythrocytes from several species were used. the best results were obtained using the los angeles stra ...	1971	4338673
probable occurrence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in tanzania in wildlife and cattle.		1970	4312880
complications in cattle following vaccination with a combined bovine viral diarrhea-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis vaccine.		1968	4297313
experimental exposure of pigs to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus.	thirteen specific-pathogen-free pigs were used in an experiment to determine the pathogenicity of ibr virus for pigs. three pigs were used as controls, eight were exposed to ibr virus by either the intravenous, subcutaneous, intratracheal, or intranasal route, and two pigs served as contact controls. the clinical response consisted of a temperature rise, depression and variable lymphocytosis. the major tissue alterations were interstitial pneumonitis, and peribronchiolitis with round cell aggreg ...	1968	15846897
viral respiratory infection in commercial feedlot cattle.		1967	4291850
[epizootiology and prevention, in the territory of the federal republic of germany, of virus diseases of cattle affecting the mucous membranes].		1966	4298152
isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: isolation, serologic characterization, and induction of the experimental disease.		1966	4291326
isolation and characterization of a strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus associated with enteritis in cattle: pathogenesis studies by fluorescent antibody tracing.		1966	4291328
abortion experimentally induced in cattle by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.		1964	14156996
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in new york dairy cattle.		1964	14193053
the detection of antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in ontario cattle.		1961	17649282
the combined effect of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and pasteurella hemolytica on cattle.		1960	13811232