Publications

repeated ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval from cyclic murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis): oocyte recovery and quality.	the present study was undertaken to explore the potential of the murrah breed of buffaloes as donors of oocytes and to find out the recovery rate and oocyte quality in cyclic murrah buffaloes subjected to oocyte recovery once a week. murrah buffaloes (n = 5) were synchronized for estrus by a single prostaglandin injection schedule. the animals were subjected to transvaginal oocyte retrieval (tvor) once weekly for 6 weeks, starting from day 7 of the oestrous cycle (day 0 = day of oestrus). tvor w ...	2006	15913926
enrichment of in vitro maturation medium for buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes with thiol compounds: effects of cystine on glutathione synthesis and embryo development.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether enriching the oocyte in vitro maturation medium with cystine, in the presence of cysteamine, would improve the in vitro embryo production efficiency in buffalo by further increasing the gsh reservoir created by the oocyte during maturation. cumulus-oocytes complexes were matured in vitro in tcm 199 + 10% fcs, 0.5 microg/ml fsh, 5 microg/ml lh and 1 microg/ml 17beta-estradiol in the absence or presence of cysteamine (50 microm), with or without 0. ...	2006	15979699
is one-wave follicular growth during the estrous cycle a usual phenomenon in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis)?	the pattern of growth and regression of ovarian follicles was monitored once daily for one complete estrous cycle in eight individual water buffaloes by ultrasonographic scanning of the ovaries for an entire interovulatory interval of normal cycle length. one-wave follicular growth was observed in five animals and two-wave follicular growth in three buffaloes during the estrous cycle. the first follicular wave of a two-wave cycle emerged significantly earlier (p < 0.05) than the emergence of the ...	2006	16046086
the bovine genome.	in approximately 20 years, bovine genomics has progressed from synteny mapping of protein gene products to a nearly completed 7.5x whole genome sequence. the cattle genome map serves as a prototype for genomic studies in other bovids such as goats, sheep, and river buffalo in which chromosome arms are totally conserved at the current level of cytogenetic and map comparison. cattle genomics has contributed to the discovery of genes underlying economically important phenotypes including quantitati ...	2006	18753770
host differences in response to trickle infection with fasciola gigantica in buffalo, ongole and bali calves.	progressive weight gain, faecal egg counts, packed cell volume, percent eosinophils in blood, serum antibody and serum levels of glutamate dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were recorded in seven swamp buffalo (bubalis bubalis), 7 ongole (bos indicus) and four bali calves (bos sundiacus) which were infected orally with 15 metacercariae of fasciola gigantica twice weekly for 32 weeks. similar observations were made on four buffalo, 4 ongole calves and 3 bali calves maintained fluke- ...	2006	17405628
cloning and characterization of novel cathelicidin cdna sequence of bubalus bubalis homologous to bos taurus cathelicidin-4.	cathelicidin synthesized by bone marrow cells plays an important role in neutralizing invading pathogens. in the present study, the myeloid cathelicidin cdna from bubalus bubalis has been cloned and characterized. rna from bone marrow of buffalo ribs was extracted, reverse transcribed and amplified using specific pair of primer designed from published cathelicidin-4 cdna sequences of bos taurus popularly known as indolicidin. an expected amplified product of 517 bp was obtained, which was cloned ...	2006	17381041
an outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) dairy herds in aurangabad, india.	an outbreak of buffalopox in domestic buffaloes, with high morbidity and significant production loss, was recorded in the aurangabad district of maharashtra state in india in november 2003. the disease was also associated with several cases of human infection, particularly in milkers working with the affected herds. pox lesions were observed on the udder and teats of the majority of the affected animals, while a few animals exhibited lesions on the hindquarters, indicating possible generalised i ...	2006	17361764
[protective effects of co-immunization with sjctpi-hsp70 and interleukin-12 dna vaccines against schistosoma japonicum challenge infection in water buffalo].	to induce protective effect of co-immunization with s. japonicum triose-phosphate isomerase fused to heat shock protein 70 (sjctpi-hsp70) plasmid and interleukin-12 (il-12) dna vaccines against schistosoma japonicum (chinese strain) infection in water buffalo.	2006	17366973
aluminium contents in baked meats wrapped in aluminium foil.	in this investigation, the effect of cooking treatments (60min at 150°c, 40min at 200°c, and 20min at 250°c) on aluminium contents of meats (beef, water buffalo, mutton, chicken and turkey) baked in aluminium foil were evaluated. cooking increased the aluminium concentration of both the white and red meats. the increase was 89-378% in red meats and 76-215% in poultry. the least increase (76-115%) was observed in the samples baked for 60min at 150°c, while the highest increase (153-378%) was in s ...	2006	22063217
occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in longissimus dorsi muscle of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and zebu-type cattle raised under savannah conditions.	lipid extracts from longissimus dorsi muscles of 64 water buffaloes and 68 zebu-type cattle were used to quantify the amount (mg/g of lipids) of total conjugated linoleic acid (cla), cla isomers c9, t11 and t10, c12 and linoleic acid (la), according to species (buffaloes and cattle), age (slaughter groups at 7, 17, 19 or 24 months of age) and gender (bulls and steers). the effects of gender and age were significant (p<0.05) but marginal. comparisons of lipid extracts from buffaloes vs. cattle sh ...	2005	22062643
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from the northern region of brazil.	anti-neospora caninum antibodies were determined in sera of 196 water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from three farms of the northern region of brazil, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibody titers were found in 139 (70.9%) buffaloes with dilution values ranging from > or =25 to <200 in 41 animals, > or =200 to <800 in 35 animals, and > or =800 in 63 animals. the number of animals presenting titers > or =800 was statistically higher (p<0.05). all farms presented positive animals, how ...	2005	16051440
expression of gap junction protein connexin 43 during follicular atresia in the ovary of swamp buffaloes.	the present study was performed to detect the presence of gap junction protein connexin 43 (cx43) and describe the changes in its expression during ovarian follicular atresia in the swamp buffalo in comparison with cattle. ovaries of philippine swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis; sb) and holstein-friesian cows (bos taurus; hf) were collected from slaughterhouses, fixed in 10% formalin in pbs and embedded in paraffin. sections of healthy follicles and at various follicular stages of atresia were im ...	2005	16034196
molecular cloning and characterization of beta-defensin cdna expressed in distal ileum of buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	defensins play a prominent role in protection of various epithelial surfaces. in this study, we have cloned and characterized the mrna from the distal ileum of bubalus bubalis. total rna after isolation from ileal epithelium was reverse transcribed to synthesize cdna using primers designed by taking conserved region of cattle enteric beta-defensin (ebd) mrna, goat beta-defensin 2 (bd 2) and cattle lingual antimicrobial peptide (lap) mrna sequences. the pcr amplified cdna of 254 bp was ligated to ...	2005	16040342
vaccination of buffaloes with fasciola gigantica recombinant fatty acid binding protein.	recombinant fatty acid binding protein (rfabp) of fasciola gigantica was expressed in escherichia coli and used as vaccine in freund's adjuvant to evaluate the level of protection induced in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves. fifteen buffalo calves were distributed to three groups of five calves each. an antigen dose of 400 mug for each of the three immunizations at 3-week intervals, and a challenge dose of 600 metacercariae was administered per calf. levels of anti-fabp antibodies increased rapi ...	2005	15986249
molecular cloning and expression profile analysis of interleukin-10 and interleukin-18 cdna of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	the cdnas encoding the interleukin-10 and interleukin-18 of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) were cloned and sequenced. a 537 bp il-10 cdna fragment and a 623 bp il-18 cdna fragment were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from concanavalin a stimulated splenocytes. sequence analysis of these cytokines revealed high level conservation at nucleic acid and protein level. both these cytokines also showed strict conservation in the predicted secondary structur ...	2005	15990173
pcr-rflp analysis: a promising technique for host species identification of blood meals from tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae).	a polymerase chain reaction with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) method using universal primers complementary to the conserved region of the cytochrome b gene (cyt b) of the mitochondrion dna (mtdna) of vertebrates was applied to the identification of the origin of blood meals in tsetse flies. blood samples from ten potential tsetse hosts of the family bovidae (cattle, water buffalo, red buffalo, waterbuck, springbok, goat, sheep, sable antelope, oryx and dik-dik) were in ...	2005	15999278
comparative mapping of the fragile histidine triad (fhit) gene in cattle, river buffalo, sheep and goat by fish and assignment to bta22 by rh-mapping: a comparison with hsa3.		2005	16026356
interleukin-12 subunits p35 and p40 of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) maintain high sequence homology with those of other ruminants.	the immune system of indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), one of the major dairy animals of the tropics, has received little attention. cdnas encoding the two subunits of the heterodimeric interleukin (il)-12 of indian water buffalo were isolated from concanavalin a-stimulated lymphocytes. the 710-bp p35 and 1012-bp p40 subunits were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), cloned, sequenced and compared with other ruminant sequences. the il-12 p35 subunit cdna h ...	2005	15932623
characterisation of a cryptosporidium isolate from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) by sequencing of a fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene (cowp).	cryptosporidium oocysts were detected using a direct immunofluorescence antibody test in the faeces of an asymptomatic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) heifer from a dairy farm close to santiago de compostela (nw spain). oocysts were morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum. using dna extracted from this sample and a pcr-rflp analysis of a 341 base pairs fragment of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene, a previously undescribed fragment pattern was generated. t ...	2005	15935559
the detection and pcr-based characterization of the parasites causing trypanosomiasis in water-buffalo herds in venezuela.	the usefulness of pcr-based assays for detecting trypanosomiasis in water buffaloes and other livestock was explored, under field conditions, in venezuela. the sensitivity and specificity of the assays, which were based on established primer pairs (21-mer/22-mer and ilo1264/ilo1265), were evaluated, partly by comparison with the results of parasitological tests (stained bloodsmears and microhaematocrit centrifugation) and immunological assays (ifat) run in parallel. the optimised pcr-based assay ...	2005	15949183
effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw treated with or without hcl on blood biochemical parameters in growing male buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves.	twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age; 88.54 +/- 3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three comparable groups (i, ii and iii) on the basis of their body weight (bw) in a completely randomised design to study the effect of long term feeding of ammoniated wheat straw (aws) and hydrochloric acid treated ammoniated wheat straw (hcl-aws) on blood biochemical changes. the animals were offered a concentrate mixture (cm) along with wheat straw (ws), ammoniated wheat straw (a ...	2005	15952422
evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses and bacterial clearance in 6-10 months old water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) experimentally vaccinated with four dosages of commercial brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine.	thirty water buffalo, obtained from a brucellosis-free farm, were used to evaluate cell-mediated immune responses and bacterial clearance in response to vaccination with brucella abortus strain rb51 (rb51) in a dose-response study. the animals were randomly divided into five treatment groups. groups i--v received the recommended dose (rd) of rb51 vaccine once, rd twice 4 weeks apart, double rd once, double rd twice 4 weeks apart and saline once, respectively. cell-mediated immune response to rb5 ...	2005	15963819
effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor treatment on growth, feed conversion efficiency and dry matter intake in growing female buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency (fce) and dry matter intake (dmi) were studied in growing buffaloes. twelve female murrah buffaloes of 6-8 months of age were divided into two groups of six each on the basis of their body weights so that the average body weights of the groups did not differ (p > 0.05). animals of each group were administered intravenously with either sterile distilled water (control group) or equal volum ...	2005	15972076
chromosome evolution and improved cytogenetic maps of the y chromosome in cattle, zebu, river buffalo, sheep and goat.	comparative fish-mapping among y chromosomes of cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60, bta, submetacentric y chromosome), zebu (bos indicus, 2n = 60, bin, acrocentric y chromosome but with visible small p-arms), river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50, bbu, acrocentric y chromosome), sheep (ovis aries, 2n = 54, oar, small metacentric y chromosome) and goat (capra hircus, 2n = 60, chi, y-chromosome as in sheep) was performed to extend the existing cytogenetic maps and improve the understanding of karyotype ...	2005	15973500
freemartinism in river buffalo: clinical and cytogenetic observations.	during the last five years forty phenotypic female river buffalos with reproductive problems and two phenotypic male co-twins of females, raised in the provinces of caserta and salerno (southern italy) underwent cytogenetic investigation. of the 42 animals studied, 10 freemartins (8 females and 2 males) were found with variable percentages of male and female blood cells, the majority however showing similar percentages of both. of the eight females, six showed normal body conformation, vagina an ...	2005	15627757
first established pregnancies in mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) following deposition of sexed spermatozoa near the utero tubal junction.	at the time of ai following ovsynch protocol, a total of 51 buffaloes were randomly divided in a first group (n = 30) subjected to conventional ai into the uterine body with 20 million non-sex sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa, while a second group (n = 21) was inseminated near the utero-tubal junction (utj) ipsilateral to the ovary carrying the preovulatory follicle with 2.5 million live (4 million total) sex-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa. the semen used for flowcytometric sorting was collect ...	2005	15655005
isolation of brucella abortus from cattle and water buffalo in brazil.		2005	15715008
postpartum ovarian follicular dynamics in primiparous and pluriparous mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	the objective of this study was to monitor ovarian function in postpartum primiparous and pluriparous mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) during months of increasing daylength. ovarian ultrasound monitoring was carried out for a total of 60 days from calving in 10 primiparous and 10 pluriparous buffaloes. progesterone was determined from calving until a week after first postpartum ovulation. the study was undertaken during months of increasing day length. time required for complete ...	2005	15725449
platelet activating factor improves the in vitro penetration of zona free hamster eggs by buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa.	twelve buffalo bulls of murrah breed, selected on the basis of their conception rates, were classified into low-, moderate- and high-fertility groups. frozen semen was thawed and treated with 200 microm platelet activating factor (paf) for 15 min at 37 degrees c and 5% co2. in both treated and control (no paf) semen samples (five replicates per bull), the following were assessed: motility, acrosome reaction (ar) evaluation (for 10 replicates of each bull), and zona-free hamster oocyte penetratio ...	2005	15763101
cloning and sequencing of indian water buffalo interleukin-18 cdna.	summary full-length cdna (582 bp) of the interleukin-18 (il-18) gene of the indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence has 99% and 95% similarity with the il-18 sequences of cattle and sheep, respectively. there are two amino acid substitutions at positions 132 and 182 in buffalo il-18 compared with that of cattle. phylogenetic analysis showed that the il-18 sequence of fish forms ...	2005	15787638
isolation of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 from water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in southern italy.		2005	15816184
serological responses to neospora caninum in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is an important natural host for neospora caninum. serologic responses to n. caninum were studied in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes in brazil. antibodies were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using a cut off value of 1:25. six buffaloes were each inoculated subcutaneously with 5 x 10(6) live culture-derived tachyzoites of the cattle illinois strain of n. caninum, and two calves were kept as uninoculated controls. ...	2005	15817198
ovum pick-up in cycling and lactating postpartum swamp buffaloes (bubalis bubalis).	the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of ovum pick up (opu) in cycling (n = 5) and lactating, postpartum, swamp buffaloes (n = 6) with and without gonadotropin stimulation. the opu was performed every two weeks in all groups of animals, for a total of six sessions. thirty collections were performed in five cycling buffaloes and 36 collections in six lactating postpartum buffaloes. buffaloes that received hormonal stimulation were given a total of 400 mg, follicle stimulating ...	2005	15819965
conception rate after fixed time insemination following ovsynch protocol with and without progesterone supplementation in cyclic and non-cyclic mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	the aim of this study was to test the effect of progesterone supplementation to ovsynch protocol in cyclic and non-cyclic mediterranean italian buffaloes on conception rate after fixed time artificial insemination. from 169 pluriparous buffaloes, 2 groups were identified and subjected to: (1) ovsynch protocol (ov; n=83) and (2) ovsynch protocol with the supplementation of progesterone from days 0 to 7 (ov+prog.; n=86). all cows were inseminated 16-20 h after the second gnrh administration. withi ...	2005	15823341
expression of leptin and its receptors in various tissues of ruminants.	the energy metabolism of domestic animals is under the control of hormonal factors, which include thyroid hormones and leptin. leptin signals from the periphery to the centre. it is mostly produced in the white adipose tissue and informs the central nervous system (cns) about the total fat depot of the body. low and high levels of leptin induce anabolic and catabolic processes, respectively. besides controlling the food uptake and energy expenditure leptin is also involved in regulation of the r ...	2005	15878255
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in intestinal and lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) by pcr and bacterial culture.	the efficacy of bacterial culture and is900-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was compared for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from the intestinal and mesenteric lymph node tissues of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) showing lesions of paratuberculosis (johne's disease). out of 20 (4.9%) animals showing histological lesions suggestive of paratuberculosis, 14 (70%) and 6 (30%) were positive in the pcr and bacterial culture, respectively. the results of t ...	2005	15885931
human ige binding to the glycosidic moiety of bovine kappa-casein.	ige ability for recognizing milk proteins was assayed in the serum of an adult atopic patient who outgrew cow milk allergy in early childhood. a number of protein species included in casein from bovine milk were detected by human ige in immunoblotting experiments. comparing these results with those obtained from an analysis using antibody preparations specifically directed toward the different casein fractions, ige-reactive bands were identified as isoforms of kappa-casein. ige-reactive protein ...	2005	16190658
effects of xylazine, lignocaine and their combination for lumber epidural analgesia in water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).	the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylazine alone (0.05 mg/kg), lignocaine alone (2.0 mg/kg) and a combination of xylazine and lignocaine (0.05 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively) after lumbar epidural administration in water buffalo calves. fifteen nondescript, male water buffalo calves of 6-8 months of age and weighing between 55 and 75 kg were randomly placed in 3 groups (a, b and c). the agents were administered at the 1st lumbar epidural space. clinico-physiological parameter ...	2005	16300183
the occurrence of nymphal stage of linguatula serrata in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis): nymphal morphometry and lymph node pathology.	the mesenteric lymph nodes (mln) of buffaloes (n = 100) were examined for the presence of parasitic infection. the nymphal stage of linguatula serrata was observed in two buffaloes. a single white-coloured nymph with transversely striated spines on a segmented body, two pairs of oral suckers and hooks was observed in the mln. the morphometrics of the nymphs were studied. the affected lymph nodes were grossly enlarged with cyst and showed pathological lesions of fibroblastic reaction with a mild ...	2005	16300658
high-performance liquid chromatography of governing liquid to detect illegal bovine milk's addition in water buffalo mozzarella: comparison with results from raw milk and cheese matrix.	a method to detect fraudulent addition of bovine milk in water buffalo mozzarella cheese by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), relying on the measurement of quantity ratios within beta-lactoglobulin protein family, is described. analyses were performed on raw milk, cheese matrix and cheese governing liquid using a c4 column and uv detection. this work demonstrated that bovine milk addition during cheesemaking can be detected in governing liquid of mozzarella down to the e ...	2005	16257304
efficacy of the ovsynch protocol for synchronization of ovulation and fixed-time artificial insemination in murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	two experiments were conducted to assess the timing and synchrony of ovulation, plasma lh concentrations, and pregnancy rate in murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) treated with the ovsynch (gnrh-pgf(2 alpha)-gnrh) protocol. in experiment 1, 10 non-lactating cycling buffaloes received 10 microg of a gnrh analogue i.m. (buserelin acetate) without regard to the stage of the estrous cycle (day of treatment, day 0), followed by 25mg of pgf(2 alpha) i.m. (dinoprost thromethamine) 7 days later. a second ...	2005	16125551
prospects for development of a transmission blocking vaccine against schistosoma japonicum.	despite intensive long-term control programmes, schistosomiasis japonica remains a serious public health problem in china and the philippines. the termination of mass praziquantel-treatment has seen a dramatic recent rebound in both its prevalence and associated morbidity. schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonosis but, despite complicating control efforts, this feature provides a practical method for attacking schistosoma japonicum through development and deployment of a transmission blocking veter ...	2005	16138851
development of embryos reconstructed by interspecies nuclear transfer of adult fibroblasts between buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and cattle (bos indicus).	the objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of employing adult fibroblasts as donor cells in interspecies nuclear transfer (nt) between buffaloes and cattle. buffalo and bovine oocytes matured in vitro for 22 h were enucleated by micromanipulation using the spindle view system. an ear fibroblast, pretreated with 0.1 microg/ml aphidicolin for 24 h, followed by culture for 2-9 days in dulbecco's modified eagle's media+0.5% fetal bovine serum, was introduced into the cytoplast by mic ...	2005	16139607
follicle turnover and pregnancy rates following oestrus synchronization protocols in mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	an ultrasound assessment of follicle turnover following two different protocols for synchronization of oestrus and ovulation, as well as an assessment of achieved synchronization between ovulation and ai and conception rates in nulliparous and pluriparous buffaloes were carried out during months of increasing day length. nulliparous buffaloes (n = 30) were subjected only to ovsynch protocol whereas pluriparous buffaloes (n = 31) were assigned to ovsynch (n = 14) or to prid-pregnant mare serum go ...	2005	16149950
[populational alteration of cells in the intestinal intraepithelial layer and morphological changes of the intestinal wall elicited by toxocara vitulorum infection in buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis)].	to understand the development of the inflammatory responses in the wall of the gut, during the process of expulsion of the parasites from the host, samples of tissues were removed from the small intestines from four groups of naturally infected buffalo calves with toxocara vitulorum during the beginning of the infection, at the peak of egg output, during the period of expulsion and post-expulsion of the worms, as well as from uninfected calves. cells (mast cells, eosinophils, intraepithelial lym ...	2005	16445869
haematological profile on non-lactating mediterranean buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) ranging in age from 24 months to 14 years.	haematological studies were performed on 100 clinically normal non-lactating mediterranean buffalo species ranging in age from 24 months to 14 years, to determinate the range of normal haematological values for this ruminant species. the animals were divided in 5 groups according to age: group i, 2-3 years old which had never calved, group ii, 3-4 years old (primipara buffaloes), group iii, 5-7 years old, group iv 8-10 years old and group v over 10 years of age. all the haematological values obt ...	2004	15894028
influence of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 on nuclear maturation and fertilization of buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes in serum free media and their subsequent development in vitro.	the in vitro maturation, fertilization and development of indian water buffalo (bubalus sp.) cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs) to blastocysts were studied during culture, either in serum free tissue culture medium 199 (tcm 199) or waymouth mb (wm). based on different supplements added to these media, the experimental groups included: (a) no supplement (control); (b) hormones (fsh, lh and oestradiol) (c) epidermal growth factor (egf); (d) igf-1; and (e) egf + igf-1. experiments were conducted to no ...	2004	15911173
a 1.3 kb satellite dna from bubalus bubalis not conserved evolutionarily is transcribed.	a 1.3 kb satellite dna from a size defined genomic library of mammal bubalus bubalis was cloned and sequenced. the clone psb1 is at rich with 447 a (33.6%), 262 c (19.7%), 240 g (19.0%) and 383 t (28.8%). there were about 1400 copies of contig in the bubaline genome but it did not uncover allele length variation when used as probe in conjunction with a number of restriction enzymes. the contig psb1 is not conserved evolutionarily and cross hybridizes only with the bovideae family. a set of prime ...	2004	15666549
culicoides midge trap enhancement with animal odour baits in scotland.	examples of the commercial trap mosquito magnet pro (mmp emitting attractant 1-octen-3-ol in carbon dioxide 500 ml/min generated from propane fuel), were run 24 h/day on the isle of skye, scotland, during june-august 2001 and evaluated for catching culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae). from 30 days trapping, the catch averaged 2626 +/- 1358 culicoides females/trap/day (mean +/- se, range 558 +/- 139 to 6088 +/- 3597, for five sets of six consecutive nights), predominantly the pest ...	2004	15641999
molecular characterisation of a field strain of bubaline herpesvirus isolated from buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) after pharmacological reactivation.	two healthy buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in a herd which had not been vaccinated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), were selected for their seropositivity for anti-bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bohv-1) glycoprotein e antibodies, and injected intramuscularly daily with dexamethasone for five consecutive days (day 1 to day 5) to reactivate any latent herpesvirus. blood samples and nasal and vaginal swabs were collected daily from day 5 to day 15 from each buffalo for virological examinat ...	2004	14979671
sexing river buffalo (bubalus bubalis l.), sheep (ovis aries l.), goat (capra hircus l.), and cattle spermatozoa by double color fish using bovine (bos taurus l.) x- and y-painting probes.	river buffalo, sheep, and goat spermatozoa were cross-hybridized using double color fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with bovine xcen- and y-chromosome painting probes, prepared by dop-pcr of laser-microdissected-catapulted chromosomes, to investigate the possibility of using bovine probes for sexing sperm of other members of the family bovidae. before sperm analysis, the probes were hybridized on metaphase chromosomes of each species, as control. frozen-thawed spermatozoa of cattle, ri ...	2004	14648881
analysis of mitochondrial d-loop region casts new light on domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) phylogeny.	the phylogeny of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) is still a matter of discussion, especially if the two types of domestic water buffalo (swamp and river) derived from different domestication events or if they are products of human selection. to obtain more insight, we analyzed the entire mitochondrial d-loop region of 80 water buffaloes of four different breeds, i.e., 19 swamp buffaloes (carabao) and 61 river buffaloes (murrah, jafarabadi, and mediterranean), sampled in brazil and italy. we de ...	2004	14715223
pcr-dgge fingerprints of microbial succession during a manufacture of traditional water buffalo mozzarella cheese.	to monitor the process and the starter effectiveness recording a series of fingerprints of the microbial diversity occurring at different steps of mozzarella cheese manufacture and to investigate the involvement of the natural starter to the achievement of the final product.	2004	14723687
effect of cryoprotectants and their concentration on in vitro development of vitrified-warmed immature oocytes in buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	experiments were conducted to study the effect of cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), ethylene glycol (eg), 1,2-propanediol (proh), and glycerol at different concentrations (3.5, 4, 5, 6, and 7 m each with 0.5 m sucrose and 0.4% bsa in dpbs) on survival, in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and post-fertilization development of vitrified-thawed immature buffalo oocytes. the cocs were harvested from the ovaries by aspirating the visible follicles. the recovery of post-thaw morphol ...	2004	14757469
occurrence of flehmen in male buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) with special reference to estrus.	pheromonal cues present in the urine and vaginal mucus during the estrus period elicit courtship behaviour in mammals including the characteristic flehmen behaviour. in the present study, the flehmen behaviour was assessed in male buffaloes by exposing them to heifers for three consecutive estrous cycles. behavioural observations revealed that the bulls sniffed the female's external genitalia, responded to the chemical signal(s) and exhibited the flehmen behaviour similar to those reported in ot ...	2004	14757472
repeated oocyte pick up in prepubertal swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves after fsh superstimulation.	the objective in this study was to investigate the effect of repeated oocyte collection by transvaginal, ultrasound-guidance, oocyte pick-up (opu) in nine, prepubertal (8-12 months), swamp buffaloes. animals were treated with fsh for 3 days and received gnrh on the third day, 24 h before opu. this session was repeated on five occasions at 2 weekly intervals. over the five sessions of hormone treatment followed by opu, 39/42 (92.9%) animals responded and had 6.6+/-3.6 follicles with a follicular ...	2004	15019465
ovarian follicular dynamics and hormonal profiles in heifer and mixed-parity mediterranean italian buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) following an estrus synchronization protocol.	the primary objective was to elucidate ovarian follicular dynamics and hormonal profiles in nulliparous heifer (he; n = 11 ) and mixed-parity (mp; n=10 ) mediterranean italian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) following an estrus synchronization protocol. both groups received a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (prid) implant for 10 days; a luteolytic dose of synthetic prostaglandin was given 7 days after prid insertion. daily ultrasound monitoring and collection of blood to determine p ...	2004	15036967
post-warming hatching and birth of live calves following transfer of in vitro-derived vitrified water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos.	viability of in vitro-derived vitrified-warmed preimplantation stage buffalo embryos were assessed in vitro and in vivo. oocytes were collected from ovaries of slaughtered riverine buffaloes, matured and fertilized in vitro with frozen semen from riverine buffalo bull and cultured on cumulus cell monolayers. resultant preimplantation stage embryos were cryopreserved by vitrification with ethylene glycol, ficoll and sucrose. seventy-one frozen embryos were warmed in 0.5m sucrose and were further ...	2004	15036974
effects of long-term gh-releasing factor administration on patterns of gh and lh secretion in growing female buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	to investigate the effects of long-term gh-releasing factor (grf) administration on the patterns of gh and lh secretion in growing female murrah buffalo (bubalus bubalis) calves, 12 buffaloes of 6-8 months of age were divided into two groups (treatment and control groups) of six each in such a way that average body weight between the groups did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). both the groups were administered i.v. with either synthetic bovine grf (bgrf(1-44)-nh(2)) at 10 microg/100 kg body ...	2004	15056769
primary structure of water buffalo alpha-lactalbumin variants a and b.	a novel electrophoretic alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) variant was detected in the italian water buffalo breed. the isoelectric point of the variant, labelled a, was lower than the most frequent variant b. it presented an allelic frequency of 0.5% compared with the 97.1% of the bb allele. from liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry, the molecular mass of the two alpha-la a and b variants were measured as 14,235.1+/-0.8 and 14,236.1+/-0.9 da, respectively. the two proteins ...	2004	15068061
evaluation of the card agglutination test (catt/t. evansi) for detection of trypanosoma evansi infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in egypt.	a card agglutination test (catt/t. evansi) was evaluated for detection of antibodies against trypanosoma evansi (t. evansi) in experimentally and naturally infected buffaloes. four calves were inoculated with a strain of t. evansi isolated from a dromedary camel. parasitological examination of the calves revealed trypanosomes in the blood from days 4 to 9 post-inoculation (pi). general emaciation appeared from day 26 pi and aggravated until the end of the experiment (day 88 pi). antibodies again ...	2004	15110402
the intravenous glucose tolerance test in water buffalo.	the response to intravenous glucose loading in the buffalo using the intravenous glucose tolerance test (igtt) was investigated to provide a reference for intravenous glucose injection in buffaloes.	2004	15120949
partial purification and characterization of gigantocotyle explanatum somatic antigens.	soluble extracts of gigantocotyle explanatum, isolated from the liver of buffalo bubalus bubalis were fractionated on sephadex g-200 columns. nine major fractions referred to as f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, f8 and f9 were separated. each fraction was tested by elisa for antigenicity using sera from g. explanatum-infected field buffaloes. fractions f1 and f2 were highly antigenic, f3, f4, f6 and f7 were moderately antigenic and f5, f8 and f9 were poorly antigenic. analyses by sds-page revealed tha ...	2004	15153279
humoral immune response of water buffalo monitored with three different antigens of toxocara vitulorum.	humoral immune response of water buffalo naturally infected with toxocara vitulorum was monitored using three different antigens of this parasite in serum and colostrum of buffalo cows and calves. soluble extract (ex) and excretory/secretory (es) larval antigens and perienteric fluid antigen (pe) of adult t. vitulorum were used to measure the antibody levels by an indirect elisa. serum of 7-12 buffalo cows for the first 365 days and colostrum of the same number of buffalo cows for the first 60 d ...	2004	15158557
absence of the functional myosin heavy chain 2b isoform in equine skeletal muscles.	nucleotide sequences which included the full coding region for three types of myosin heavy chain (myhc) isoforms were determined from equine skeletal muscles. the deduced amino acid sequences were 1937, 1938, and 1935 residues for the myhc-2a, -2x, and -slow, respectively. no myhc-2b isoform was amplified from the equine muscle cdna except for one pseudogene fragment. one nucleotide was inserted in the coding region of the equine pseudogene product, a minute amount of which was expressed in the ...	2004	15170063
cloning of a buffalo (bubalus bubalis) prostaglandin f(2alpha) receptor: changes in its expression and concentration in the buffalo cow corpus luteum.	acting primarily through its specific g protein-coupled receptor termed fpr, prostaglandin (pg) f(2alpha) induces regression of the corpus luteum (cl) at the end of a non-fertile oestrous cycle. this study was aimed at cloning a full-length cdna for fpr and determining its expression and protein concentrations during different stages of cl development in the water buffalo. serum progesterone and star expression were determined to establish temporal relationships between indices of steroidogenesi ...	2004	15175507
telomerase activity in swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes and embryos derived from in vitro fertilization, somatic cell nuclear transfer and parthenogenetic activation.	the objective of this study was to examine the telomerase activity in swamp buffalo oocytes and pre-implantation stage embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (ivf), somatic cell nuclear transfer (nt) and parthenogenetic activation (pa). immature and mature oocytes, and embryos at the 2-4 cell, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst stages produced by ivf, nt and pa were collected and the telomerase activity was assayed by using a telomerase pcr elisa kit. telomerase activity was detected in all d ...	2004	15182292
development of swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos after parthenogenetic activation and nuclear transfer using serum fed or starved fetal fibroblasts.	the knowledge of oocyte activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer in the swamp buffalo (buballus bubalis) is extremely rare. the objectives of this study were the following: (1) to investigate the various activation treatments on the parthenogenetic development of buffalo oocytes, (2) to examine the events of nuclear remodeling and in the in vitro development of cloned buffalo embryos reconstructed with serum fed or starved fetal fibroblasts, and (3) to investigate the in vivo development of ...	2004	15189011
changes in plasma non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and alpha-amino nitrogen and their relationship with body weight and plasma growth hormone in growing buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	a study was undertaken to investigate the changes of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (nefa), glucose and alpha-amino nitrogen and their relationship with age, body weight (bw) and plasma growth hormone (gh) in growing buffaloes. for the purpose, six growing female murrah buffalo calves of 6-8 months of age were selected on the basis of their bw and fed according to kearl standard (nutrient requirements of ruminants in developing countries, international feedstuffs institute, utah state univers ...	2004	15189427
changes in the thecal vasculature during follicular atresia in the ovary of swamp buffalo.	this study aimed to describe the changes in the thecal vasculature during ovarian follicular atresia in the swamp buffalo. ovaries of philippine swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis; sb), crossbred (sb x murrah buffalo; cb) and holstein-friesian cow (bos taurus; hf) were collected from slaughterhouses, fixed in 10% formalin in pbs and embedded in paraffin. sections of healthy follicle and various follicular stages of atresia were stained with bandeiraea simplicifolia-i lectin (bsl-i) to visualize the ...	2004	15226596
high nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarities in tumour necrosis factor-alpha amongst indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis), indian cattle (bos indicus) and other ruminants.	tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) mrna from indian water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and indian cattle (bos indicus) was reverse transcribed and amplified using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the nucleotide sequences of cdnas were determined after cloning into pgem-t-easy vector (promega, madison, wi) and compared with reported nucleotide sequences of tnf-alpha cdna from other species. the nucleotide sequences of tnf-alpha from indian cattle revealed significantly ...	2004	15265025
glomerulonephritis in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) naturally infected by fasciola hepatica.	glomerulonephritis caused by fasciola hepatica was observed in buffaloes. renal biopsies of 20 buffaloes, 11 with f. hepatica and 9 uninfected buffaloes (controls), were examined by light microscopy, direct and indirect immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical analysis. the biopsies of seven (63.6%) infected buffaloes revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, three biopsies (27.3%) showed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and one kidney presented normal biopsy specimens. in t ...	2004	15265573
maturation rates of vitrified-thawed immature buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes: effect of different types of cryoprotectants.	cryopreservation of oocytes collected from slaughtered animals of high genetic value, their subsequent utilisation for production of embryos for transfer may provide an opportunity to replenish the valuable germplasm lost. experiments were conducted to study the effect of cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), ethylene glycol (eg), 1,2-propanediol (proh) and glycerol at different concentrations (3.5, 4, 5, 6 and 7 m each with 0.5m sucrose and 0.4% bsa in dpbs) on morphological survival and ...	2004	15302375
production of progesterone induced by follicle-stimulating hormone by buffalo (bubalus bubalis) granulosa cells in vitro.		2004	15311803
the effect of different doses of gonadorelin on ovarian follicle dynamics in river buffalo (bubalus bubalis).	the objective of this study was to determine the response of the ovarian dominant follicle to the different doses of gnrh in river buffalo. the estrous cycle of 12 river bufflaloes was synchronized using norgestomet implant for 12 days in association with two injections of prostaglandin f2alpha analogue on days 0 and 7 of implant insertion. on day 6 or 7 of the ensuing cycle (day 0 of the experiment), females received a norgestomet implant in conjunction with two prostaglandin injections on days ...	2004	15325555
transvaginal follicle aspiration in thai swamp buffalo heifers using different vacuum pressures after fsh pretreatment (bubalus bubalis).	the objective of the experiment was to study oocyte recovery by transvaginal, ultrasound-guided, follicle aspiration, from thai swamp buffalo using different vacuum pressures. six adult buffalo heifers, aged 2.5-3.0 yrs were treated with a total dose of 280 mg fsh, given twice a day in a divided doses over a three day period (60/60 mg, 50/50 mg, 30/30 mg) at d7 after progesterone implant. three vacuum pressures were used; 100 (n=12), 80 (n=12) and 60 mmhg (n=12) and all of the pressures were per ...	2004	15353849
the complete coding region sequence of river buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sry gene.	the y-linked sry gene is responsible for testis determination in mammals. mutations in this gene can lead to xy gonadal dysgenesis, an abnormal sexual phenotype described in humans, cattle, horses and river buffalo. we report here the complete river buffalo sry sequence in order to enable the genetic diagnosis of this disease. the sry sequence was also used to confirm the evolutionary divergence time between cattle and river buffalo 10 million years ago.	2004	15354359
pcr detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes in staphylococcus spp. strains isolated from meat and dairy products. evidence for new variants of seg and sei in s. aureus ab-8802.	evaluation of the occurrence of most known staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) genes, egc (enterotoxin gene cluster) and tsst1 (toxic shock syndrome toxin 1) gene in both coagulase-positive (cps) and coagulase-negative (cns) staphylococcal strains isolated from meat and dairy products.	2004	15357721
effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor administration on plasma growth hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone profiles in growing female buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	to investigate the effects of long-term growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) administration on plasma growth hormone (gh), lh and progesterone and body weight gain in growing buffalo calves, 12 female murrah buffaloes within the age group of 6-8 months of age were divided into two groups (treatment and control groups) of six each in such a way so that average body weights between the groups did not differ (p > 0.05). control buffaloes were not given any hormonal treatment and treatment group bu ...	2004	15367266
shedding of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed tissues from naturally infected water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from brazil.	attempts were made to isolate neospora caninum from naturally infected water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from brazil. brains from six buffaloes with indirect fluorescent antibodies (>1:100) to n. caninum were used to isolate the parasite by bioassay in dogs and gerbils followed by in vitro culture. shedding of neospora-like oocysts was noticed in dogs fed brains from three buffaloes (isolate designation ncbrbuf-1, 2 and 4). two more isolates (ncbrbuf-3 and 5) were obtained by in vitro culture of ...	2004	15381294
chromosome fragility in two sheep flocks exposed to dioxins during pasturage.	in the last 3 years several farms raising cattle, river buffalo and sheep have been unable to sell dairy milk due to the presence of high levels of dioxins. furthermore, several cases of abortion (around 25% of total births) and abnormal foetuses (2.5% of total births) were recorded in two flocks of sheep raised in the province of naples where a higher level of dioxins (5.27 pg/g fat, as human who tcdd equivalent) have been found in the milk mass than that permitted (3.0 pg/g fat, as human who t ...	2004	15388807
cloning of taiwan water buffalo male-specific dna sequence for sexing.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting was carried out to investigate the sex-specific dna sequence for sexing in taiwan water buffalos. one hundred and forty random primers were used for rapd-pcr (polymerase chain reaction). one of these primers, opc-16, produced a 321 bp fragment found only in tested males. this male-specific fragment was isolated and constructed into plasmids for nucleotide sequencing, a novel male-specific sequence was obtained. two primers (busexopc16-f and ...	2004	15451261
chemical activation of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes by different methods: effects of aging on post-parthenogenetic development.	the possibility of artificially inducing activation of mii buffalo oocytes may allow us to evaluate indirectly the quality of oocytes after in vitro maturation. the aim of this work was to compare buffalo embryo development after ivf and after chemical activation by two different agents. a further goal was to evaluate the effects of aging of oocytes on post-parthenogenetic and post-fertilization development. in experiment 1 cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) were recovered from abattoir-derived ova ...	2004	15511550
the protective effect of a schistosoma japonicum chinese strain 23 kda plasmid dna vaccine in pigs is enhanced with il-12.	the schistosome integral membrane protein sm/sj23 was initially shown to induce protection in mice as a synthetic peptide vaccine and further, as a plasmid dna vaccine to induce protection in mice, sheep and water buffalo. in this study we asked if we could induce protection against challenge infection in pigs against schistosoma japonicum by vaccinating them with a plasmid dna vaccine encoding the s. japonicum chinese strain 23 kda membrane protein. further, we asked if we could enhance protect ...	2004	15519710
molecular phylogeny of the tribe bovini (bovidae, bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the kouprey, bos sauveli urbain 1937.	the kouprey is a very rare bovid species of the indochinese peninsula, and no living specimen has been described for a long time, suggesting that it is possibly extinct. its systematic position within the tribe bovini remains confused since the analyses of morphological characters have led to several conflicting hypotheses. some authors have also suggested that it could be a hybrid species produced by the crossing of the banteng with gaur, zebu, or water buffalo. here we performed a molecular ph ...	2004	15522811
use of sp-sephadexto fractionate and obtain semi-pure preparation from whole pituitaries of indian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	different charge isoforms of native luteinizing hormone (lh) (dimeric form) ve/vo = 1.49 can be fractionated on sp-sephadex into four different charge isoforms (lhub, lh25, lh50, and lh100) by stepwise elution using different molarities of na2hpo4. lhub was found to be difficult to purify, whereas lh50 and lh100 were found to be pure and highly immunoreactive against anti-blhbeta serum as indicated by the results obtained from direct binding elisa and western blot analysis. sds-page of lh50 and ...	2004	15553902
changes in plasma growth hormone (gh) and secretion patterns of gh and luteinizing hormone in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) during growth.	to assess the changes of plasma growth hormone (gh) and secretion patterns of gh and luteinizing hormone (lh) during growth in buffaloes, six growing female murrah buffalo calves (mean age 6+/-0.9 months and body weight 66+/-6 kg) were selected. plasma samples were collected twice a week for 52 weeks for gh and lh assay. to examine for pulsatile secretion samples were collected at 15 minutes interval for 9 hr at weeks 6 and 42 for gh and lh measurements. plasma progesterone was also estimated in ...	2004	15554346
molecular cloning and analysis of the swamp and river buffalo leptin gene.		2004	15566470
foot-and-mouth disease in the americas: epidemiology and ecologic changes affecting distribution.	foot-and-mouth disease(fmd) was first recorded in south america (sa) circa 1870, in buenos aires, argentina, in uruguay, and in southern brazil as a result of the introduction of cattle from europe during the early days of colonization. livestock production to trade with neighboring countries was established in the la plata region, and the trade of livestock and products with chile, northeastern and central western states of brazil, to peru, bolivia, and paraguay spread fmd, which reached venezu ...	2004	15604472
characterization of excretory/secretory antigen from toxocara vitulorum larvae.	toxocara vitulorum is a nematode parasite of the small intestine of cattle and water buffalo, particularly buffalo calves between one and three months of age, causing high morbidity and mortality. the purpose of this research was to characterize the excretory/secretory (es) antigens of t. vitulorum larvae by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and western blot (wb), using immune sera and colostrum of buffalo naturally infected by t. vitulorum. the parasitological status of the buffalo ...	2004	15604495
water buffalo (bubalus bubalis): complete nucleotide mitochondrial genome sequence.	in this work, we report the whole sequence of the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) mitochondrial genome. the water buffalo mt molecule is 16.355 base pair length and shows a genome organization similar to those reported for other mitochondrial genome. these new data provide an useful tool for many research area, i.e. evolutionary study and identification of food origin.	2004	15621663
bluetongue virus in south america: overview of viruses, vectors, surveillance and unique features.	since the first published report of bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) infection in south america from brazil in 1978, serological surveys have determined that the infection is widespread in sheep, cattle, goats and water buffalo but generally without clinical signs. only four outbreaks of bt disease have been reported so far in brazil. brazil and argentina are the only countries in south america where btv serotypes 12 and 4 have been isolated, respectively. by serology, serotypes 4, 6, 14, 17, 19 and ...	2004	20419641
bluetongue in italy: part ii.	in summer 2000, bluetongue (bt) infection was reported in italy and caused a widespread epidemic involving a total of ten southern and central regions and is still in progress after three years. from the date of the first case (18 august 2000) to 14 may 2001, when the lowpoint in the first epidemic curve was reached, a total of 310,234 animals in 6,869 flocks of three regions had been involved. from 15 may 2001 to 14 april 2002, when a second epidemic wave swept through central and southern ital ...	2004	20419673
bluetongue vaccination in europe: the italian experience.	the incursion of bluetongue (bt) into italy in august 2000 caused heavy economic losses, partly due to the disease itself, but mostly because of disruption caused to the national animal trade structure. to limit direct losses and the circulation of bt virus (btv), the italian ministry of health ordered, on 11 may 2001, the vaccination of all susceptible domestic ruminant species (i.e. sheep, goats, cattle and water buffalo) in both infected and surrounding areas. the vaccination strategy was bas ...	2004	20422595
effects of vaccination against bluetongue on milk production and quality in cattle vaccinated with live-attenuated monovalent type 2 vaccine.	the first epidemic of bluetongue (bt) to affect the three regions of sardinia, sicily and calabria (italy) in 2000 induced high economic losses caused by the disease itself and by the cessation of ruminant movements both within, and out of, the infected areas. in order to reduce virus circulation, and to create a resistant livestock population, the italian ministry of health ruled, in may 2001, that all sheep, cattle, goats and water buffalo, in infected and in neighbouring regions, be vaccinate ...	2004	20422604
sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene can identify meat species.	in this study, sequence analysis of mitochondrial 12s rrna has been applied for meat species identification. the procedure involves polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a fragment of mitochondrial (mt) 12s rrna gene and sequencing of amplicons. amplified product of mt 12s rrna gene was 456 bp in size. species sequenced include cattle (bos indicus), buffalo (bubalus bubalis), sheep (ovis aries), goat (capra hircus) and mithun (bos frontalis). sequences were compared with the reported ...	2004	22060864
effect of dietary energy content on the intramuscular fat depots and triglyceride composition of river buffalo meat.	the production of river buffalo meat in italy has long been under discussion due to poor acceptance by consumers. in order to understand whether dietary energy content may affect the organoleptic characteristics of buffalo meat, two groups of river buffalo calves were fed on two diets, with high (h) and low (l) energy contents. the animals were slaughtered at 4-monthly intervals starting from 6 months old (10, 14 and 18 months) and five muscles were dissected on the half-carcass: caput longum tr ...	2003	22063782
the accumulation of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in the milk of water buffalo is correlated with the plasma levels of triiodothyronine.	milk is the most important source of retinol and alpha-tocopherol for calves. these antioxidants save the food quality and prevent lipid oxidation in the mammary gland and the calf growing tissues. in bubalus bubalis, seasonal changes for the plasma levels of both antioxidants were not found. the levels of retinol and alpha-tocopherol in the milk were 2 and 1.7 times higher in winter than in summer, respectively. these levels were correlated with the plasma level of triiodothyronine, and markedl ...	2003	14757971
comparative fish-mapping of the survival of motor neuron gene (smn) in domestic bovids.	a comparative fluorescence in situ mapping of the smn gene was performed on r-banded chromosome preparations of cattle (bos taurus, bta, 2n = 60), river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, bbu, 2n = 50), sheep (ovis aries, oar, 2n = 54) and goat (capra hircus, chi, 2n = 60), as well as on those of a calf from piedmont breed affected by arthrogryposis. smn was located on bta20q13.1, oar16q13.1, chi20q13.1 and bbu19q13. these chromosomes and chromosome bands are believed to be homeologous, confirming the hi ...	2003	14970676
the river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50) cytogenetic map: assignment of 64 loci by fluorescence in situ hybridization and r-banding.	sixty-four genomic bac-clones mapping five type i (adcyap1, hrh1, il3, rbp3b and sry) and 59 type ii loci, previously fish-mapped to goat (63 loci) and cattle (sry) chromosomes, were fluorescence in situ mapped to river buffalo r-banded chromosomes, noticeably extending the physical map of this species. all mapped loci from 26 bovine syntenic groups were located on homeologous chromosomes and chromosome regions of river buffalo and goat (cattle) chromosomes, confirming the high degree of chromos ...	2003	14970681