Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bovine virus diarrhoea virus--which way to turn? | 2002 | 12090762 | |
| bvdv: 40 years of effort and the disease still has a firm hold. | 2002 | 12092944 | |
| screening of neonatal calves for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy samples. | detection and elimination of cattle that are persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is important for controlling the transmission of this virus. colostrum-derived antibodies make the detection of persistently bvdv-infected neonatal calves cumbersome and expensive. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy samples from neonatal calves as a method for the early detection of persistent bvdv infection. three hundred thir ... | 2002 | 12093692 |
| probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into dutch spf dairy farms: a cohort study. | a 2-year cohort study was conducted to investigate the probability of disease introduction into dutch dairy farms. the farms were tested regularly for diseases and were visited biannually to collect management data. ninety-five specific pathogen-free (spf) dairy farms were selected from a database of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1)-free farms to study the probability of, and risk factors for, introduction of bhv1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype ... | 2002 | 12114014 |
| bovine adenovirus serotype 7 infections in postweaning calves. | to detect bovine adenovirus serotype 7 (bav-7) infections in calves by use of viral isolation and serologic testing. | 2002 | 12118678 |
| prevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever, aujeszky's disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses in wild boars in croatia. | during the hunting season in february 1999, a total of 44 blood samples were collected from wild boars shot in the area of moslavacka gora. these blood samples were examined by enzyme immunoassay for the presence of antibodies to classical swine fever (csfv), aujeszky's disease (adv), bovine viral diarrhoea (bvdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrsv) viruses. out of 44 serum samples examined, 17 (38.63%) were positive for csfv, 24 (54.54%) were positive for adv and two (4.5 ... | 2002 | 12121047 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus by taqman reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | detection and elimination of calves and cows persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is important for the control of this pathogen. historically, bvdv detection involved cell culture isolation followed by virus detection through immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) methods. more recently, immunohistochemistry (ihc) has been added as a routine test for bvdv detection. the detection of bvdv by gel-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... | 2002 | 11939332 |
| the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture. | the virucidal spectrum of a high concentration alcohol mixture (80% ethanol and 5% isopropanol) was determined for a broad series of lipid-enveloped (le) and non-lipid-enveloped (nle) viruses covering all relevant blood-borne viruses. le viruses were represented by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a specific model virus for hepatitis c virus (hcv), pseudorabies virus (prv), and vaccinia virus. for the nle viruses hepatitis a virus, canine parvovirus (a mod ... | 2002 | 12090799 |
| enveloped virus inactivation by caprylate: a robust alternative to solvent-detergent treatment in plasma derived intermediates. | solvent-detergent treatment, although used routinely in plasma product processing to inactivate enveloped viruses, substantially reduces product yield from the human plasma resource. to improve yields in plasma product manufacturing, a new viral reduction process has been developed using the fatty acid caprylate. as licensure of plasma products warrants thorough evaluation of pathogen reduction capabilities, the present study examined susceptibility of enveloped viruses to inactivation by capryl ... | 2002 | 12127317 |
| phylogenetic analysis of brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (bvdv-2) isolates: evidence for a subgenotype within bvdv-2. | phylogenetic analysis divides bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) into two different genotypes (bvdv1 and bvdv2). bvdv1 strains have been further subdivided into two to 11 subgenotypes. phylogenetic analysis of bvdv2 isolates, however, has not been able to identify discrete subgenotypes. in this study, we identified six south american bvdv2 strains and one north american bvdv2 strain that cluster to a separate genetic group within bvdv2, thus representing a distinct subgenotype. the 5' untransl ... | 2002 | 12135789 |
| evaluation of health status of calves and the impact on feedlot performance: assessment of a retained ownership program for postweaning calves. | the objective of this study was to evaluate animal health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. there were 24 herds represented by 417 calves in a retained ownership program. the health status at entry was represented by the levels of serum antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv1a, bvdv2), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi3v), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), mannheimia haemolytica, and paste ... | 2002 | 12146889 |
| in vitro and in vivo detection of mx gene products in bovine cells following stimulation with alpha/beta interferon and viruses. | this study focused on products of the bovine mx1 gene as specific markers for acute viral infections. the rationale for this is the fact that viral infections are commonly paralleled by the synthesis, release, and remote action of alpha/beta interferons (ifn-alpha/beta). released ifn-alpha/beta act through specific receptors present on nucleated cells to transduce signals for the transcription of numerous ifn-regulated genes, such as the ones for double-stranded-rna-dependent protein kinase, 2'- ... | 2002 | 12414749 |
| evaluation of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/probe test of serum samples and immunohistochemistry of skin sections for detection of acute bovine viral diarrhea infections. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) cause both acute and persistent infections. while diagnostic tests have been designed to detect animals persistently infected (pi) with bvdv, the reliability of these tests in detecting acute bvdv infections is not known. it is also possible that acute bvdv infections may be confused with persistent infections in surveys for pi animals. in this study, 2 tests presently in use in diagnostic laboratories to test for pi animals, polymerase chain reaction amplifi ... | 2002 | 12152809 |
| effect of gamma irradiation on human cortical bone transplants contaminated with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. | in the production of bone grafts intended for transplantation, basic safety measures to avoid the transmission of pathogens are selection and serological screening of donors for markers of virus infections. as an additional safety tool we investigated the effect of gamma irradiation on the sterility of human bone diaphysis transplants and evaluated its impact on the virus safety of transplants. model viruses were included in the study to determine the dose necessary to achieve a reduction factor ... | 2002 | 12127314 |
| distribution of viral antigen and development of lesions after experimental infection with highly virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in calves. | to correlate tissue distribution with development of lesions after experimental infection with a virulent strain of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 2 in calves. | 2002 | 12428670 |
| antiviral activity of petiveria alliacea against the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | natural products are a relevant source of antiviral drugs. five medicinal plants used in argentina have been assayed to detect inhibition of viral growth. | 2002 | 12138331 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) 1b: predominant bvdv subtype in calves with respiratory disease. | the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. in 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. during the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isola ... | 2002 | 12146890 |
| role of disulfide bond formation in the folding and assembly of the envelope glycoproteins of a pestivirus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus member of the flaviviridae family, closely related to, and used as a surrogate model for the hepatitis c virus. its envelope contains the e1 and e2 glycoproteins, disulfide linked into homo- and heterodimers. in this study, we investigate the role of disulfide bond formation in the folding, assembly, and stability of bvdv glycoproteins. we provide molecular evidence that intact disulfide bonds are critical for the acquirement of a stable conform ... | 2002 | 12163043 |
| identification of the glycosaminoglycan-binding site on the glycoprotein e(rns) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus by site-directed mutagenesis. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) envelope glycoprotein e(rns) interacts with highly sulphated heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (gags) located on the cell surface as an early step in virus infection of cells. site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant e(rns) was undertaken and analysis of mutants by heparin-affinity chromatography and cell surface binding showed that a cluster of basic amino acids (480kklenksk487) near the c terminus of e(rns) was essential for binding. mutants with amino acid su ... | 2002 | 12185268 |
| quasispecies in the 5' untranslated genomic region of bovine viral diarrhoea virus from a single individual. | the variability of the 5' untranslated genomic region (5'utr) of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) rna obtained from a single individual was analysed. lung, kidney and spleen tissues from a naturally infected foetus were used as the source of viral rna. a fragment of 288 bases of the internal ribosome entry site from the bvdv 5'utr was amplified by rt-pcr using a proofreading dna polymerase. pcr products were cloned into pgem and, subsequently, transformed into escherichia coli. the single-str ... | 2002 | 12185269 |
| comparative virulence of isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus type ii in experimentally inoculated six- to nine-month-old calves. | to determine the comparative virulence of 5 isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type ii by inoculating 6- to 9-month-old beef calves with isolates originating from the tissues of cattle affected with naturally occurring, transient, acute, nonfatal infections or naturally occurring, peracute, fatal infections. | 2002 | 12371763 |
| [study of the antiviral mechanism of action of ribavirin in the bovine viral diarrhea virus model]. | due to the absence of a cell culture model for hcv, this study evaluated the hypothesis of lethal mutagenic activity of the guanosin analogue ribavirin in hcv, using the bvdv model. | 2002 | 12193857 |
| replication of a cytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus activates perk and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis of mdbk cells. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress signaling is an adaptive cellular response to the loss of er ca(2+) homeostasis and/or the accumulation of misfolded, unassembled, or aggregated proteins in the er lumen. er stress-activated signaling pathways regulate protein synthesis initiation and can also trigger apoptosis through the er-associated caspase 12. viruses that utilize the host cell er as an integral part of their life cycle would be predicted to cause some level of er stress. bovine viral diarr ... | 2002 | 12208938 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from an alpaca. | a frozen, stillborn alpaca (lama pacos) was submitted to the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory for diagnostic purposes. no gross or histopathologic changes of any significance were seen. a pool of lung, liver, and brain tissues was positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. on inoculation in cell cultures, a noncytopathic bvdv (type 1b) was isolated. no evidence of bvdv was seen on immunohistochemical examination of tissues. this ... | 2002 | 12423040 |
| predicted ages of dairy calves when colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus antibodies would no longer offer protection against disease or interfere with vaccination. | to develop models that could be used to predict, for dairy calves, the age at which colostrum-derived bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antibodies would no longer offer protection against infection or interfere with vaccination. | 2002 | 12216908 |
| failure to spread bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection from primarily infected calves despite concurrent infection with bovine coronavirus. | previous reports on the spread of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) from animals primarily infected with the agent are contradictory. in this study, the possibility of transmission of bvdv from calves simultaneously subjected to acute bvdv and bovine coronavirus (bcv) infection was investigated. ten calves were inoculated intranasally with bvdv type 1. each of the 10 calves was then randomly allocated to one of two groups. in each group there were four additional calves, resulting in five infe ... | 2002 | 12090767 |
| role of bovine viral diarrhea virus biotype in the establishment of fetal infections. | to examine the role of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) biotype on the establishment of fetal infection in cattle. | 2002 | 12375578 |
| comparable virus inactivation by bovine or vegetable derived tween 80 during solvent/detergent treatment. | a mixture of tri-n-butyl phosphate (tnbp) and polysorbate 80 (tween 80) is often used for virus inactivation during the manufacture of medicinal products derived from human plasma. this procedure, known as solvent/detergent treatment, is of high effectiveness for inactivation of enveloped viruses. tween 80 can be manufactured from bovine tallow or from vegetable material. as the bovine-derived tween 80 is normally used for the solvent/detergent treatment, the question has been raised whether veg ... | 2002 | 12217344 |
| natural changes in the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle. | the results of a survey conducted during 1993-2000 to study the spread of bovine viral diarrhoeal virus (bvdv) among estonian cattle are presented. the bvdv infection status of a representative random sample of cattle herds housing 20 or more dairy cows was established to estimate the prevalence of herds with active bvdv infection [potentially having persistently infected (pi) cattle--suspect pi herds]. the herds investigated comprised approximately 70% of all estonian dairy cows. the bvdv infec ... | 2002 | 12241025 |
| seroprevalence of ohv-2, bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv in ranch-raised bison (bison bison). | serum samples were collected at slaughter from 226 24-30-month-old american bison (bison bison) bulls from kansas, minnesota, north dakota, and manitoba and assayed for antibodies to ovine herpesvirus type-2 (ohv-2), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv). antibodies were detected by serum neutralization for bvdv, bhv-1, and brsv, while antibodies to ohv-2 were detected by competitive inhibition-elisa (ci-elisa). detec ... | 2002 | 12680649 |
| inhibitors of the impdh enzyme as potential anti-bovine viral diarrhoea virus agents. | ribavirin and mycophenolic acid (mpa) are known inhibitors of the impdh enzyme (e.c. 1.1.1.205). this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of inosine monophosphate to xanthine monophosphate, leading eventually to a decrease in the intracellular level of gtp and dgtp. the antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) of 15 analogues related to mpa was determined. mdbk cells were infected with the cytopathic strain of bvdv in presence or absence of test compounds. viral rna was extracted ... | 2002 | 12718406 |
| neutralizing antibody responses in preconditioned calves following vaccination for respiratory viruses. | calf preconditioning programs that include vaccinations against common respiratory pathogens are beneficial; however, optimal vaccination protocols have not been determined. in the study described here, calves were placed in a preconditioning program and assigned to one of nine vaccine regimens, each consisting of some combinations of killed or modified-live virus vaccines against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus, and bovine respirato ... | 2002 | 19750742 |
| experimental fetal challenge using type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus in cattle vaccinated with modified-live virus vaccine. | nineteen open heifers or cows were vaccinated 45 days prior to breeding with a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vaccine. an additional six animals were not vaccinated and served as controls. all 25 animals were estrus-synchronized and bred. at 75 days of gestation, the 25 pregnant animals were experimentally infected with a type ii isolate of bvdv by intranasal inoculation. at 75 days after inoculation, the animals were euthanized and each fetus was removed and retained for sampl ... | 2001 | 19746658 |
| tissue distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigens in persistently infected cattle. | the tissue distribution and cellular localization of viral antigens in three cattle with persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection was studied. in three cases, necropsy findings of oral ulcers, abmasal ulcers and necrosis of peyer's patches were suspected have been caused by bvdv infection. non-cytopathic bvdv was isolated from a tissue pool of liver, kidneys and spleen. immunohistochemical detection of bvdv showed that bvdv antigens were detected in both epithelial and nonepitheli ... | 2001 | 14614275 |
| comparison of the efficacy of virus inactivation methods in allogeneic avital bone tissue transplants. | several procedures for inactivating viruses are used presently in the context of bone tissue transplants. common methods used are gamma irradiation (25 kgy), treatment with moist heat (82.5 degrees c/15 min., lobator-sd2-system) as well as chemical sterilisation using peracetic acid-ethanol treatment (pes, 2% peracetic acid, 96% ethanol, aqua [2:1:1], 200 mbar, agitation, 4 hours). based on national and international guidelines, we tested the antivirucidal effectiveness of these methods in human ... | 2001 | 15256903 |
| pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. | serological surveys were carried out to determine the prevalence of pestiviral infections in sheep and pigs in northern ireland. sera from 918 ewes in 92 flocks from 10 regions were tested by elisa for antibodies to border disease virus and positive results were obtained from 49 ewes (5.3 per cent) in 28 flocks (30.4 per cent). there were highly significant geographical variations in its flock prevalence ranging from 0 per cent in the enniskillen region to 70 per cent in the coleraine region. th ... | 2001 | 12503593 |
| the immunohistochemical detection of mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis. | the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of selected pathogens in the tissues of a group of feedlot cattle with chronic disease (most often respiratory disease and/or arthritis). samples of lung and joint tissues from 49 feedlot animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy were tested by immunohistochemical staining for the antigens of mycoplasma bovis, haemophilus somnus, pasteurella (mannheimia) hemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). mycoplasma bovis wa ... | 2001 | 11708203 |
| informative value of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in milk. | bulk and individual milk samples from 117 herds located in brittany (west france) were used to assess: (i) the performance characteristics of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) applied to individual milk for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv); and (ii) the relationship between the bulk milk result obtained from this test and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive lactating cows. this elisa test was based on a monoclonal antibody directe ... | 2001 | 11765806 |
| recombination with a cellular mrna encoding a novel dnaj protein results in biotype conversion in genotype 2 bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) exist as two biotypes, cytopathic and noncytopathic, based on their ability to produce cytopathology in cultured cells. cytopathic viruses arise from noncytopathic viruses following genetic alteration (insertions, duplications, rearrangements) within the region encoding the ns2/3 protein. in bvdv genotype 2, the majority of biotype conversions result from the integration of a cellular mrna into the genomic rna of a noncytopathic virus within the ns2/3 coding ... | 2001 | 11551646 |
| platelet aggregation responses and virus isolation from platelets in calves experimentally infected with type i or type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus. | altered platelet function has been reported in calves experimentally infected with type ii bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). the purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the ability of bvdv isolates to alter platelet function and to examine for the presence of a virus-platelet interaction during bvdv infection. colostrum-deprived holstein calves were obtained immediately after birth, housed in isolation, and assigned to 1 of 4 groups (1 control and 3 treatment groups). control calv ... | 2001 | 11768131 |
| testing of bulk tank milk from northern ireland dairy herds for viral rna and antibody to bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bulk tank milk samples collected from 929 northern ireland dairy herds were classified according to their geographical location, somatic cell count and milk yield. each sample was tested by elisa for antibody levels to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and the herds were assigned to four groups with increasing antibody levels. in nine herds (1 per cent) no antibodies were detectable in the milk samples (group 1) and they were detectable at low levels in the milk from 90 herds (9.7 per cent, gr ... | 2001 | 11558660 |
| descriptive epidemiology of postnatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in intensively managed dairy heifers. | to evaluate risk of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection between birth and 9 months of age for dairy replacement heifers raised under typical dry-lot management conditions. | 2001 | 11724183 |
| distribution pattern of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains in intensive cattle herds in italy. | the genetic variation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied by comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of 26 italian field strains collected during the period 1995-2000 in 18 cattle herds. a fragment within the 5'-untranslated region (utr) was sequenced directly from gel-purified products obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. bvdv-1b (n=14), -1c (n=1), -1d (n=1) and bvdv-2 (n=2) strains have been isolated. most herds were infected by bvdv-1b. pairwise similar ... | 2001 | 11574174 |
| localization of viral proteins in cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. in this report, protein localization studies were performed to assess the mechanism for the release of mature virus particles from infected cells. since bvdv is an enveloped virus, budding from either intra- or extracellular membranes is feasible. a prerequisite for the latter mechanism is the integration of viral glycoproteins into the host cell membrane. using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) di ... | 2001 | 11602770 |
| genotypic characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 strains isolated in northern italy. | two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) were isolated from calves in northern italy. variations in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the genome were studied by primary structure alignment and neighbor-joining method based phylogenetic tree analyses and by palindromic nucleotide substitutions at the three variable loci in the 5'-utr. genetic analysis indicated their appurtenance to genovar bvdv-2a. nucleotide sequence at the 5'-utr of strain bs-95-ii, one of the italian isolates f ... | 2001 | 11642277 |
| validation of a reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) to detect bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) associated with in vitro-derived bovine embryos and co-cultured cells. | sensitive rt-npcr assays can be used for the rapid detection of viruses. the objective of this research was to validate an rt-npcr assay for detection of bvdv associated with various samples collected from an ivf system. in 12 research replicates, we maintained matured cocs as negative controls or exposed them to 1 of 4 noncytopathic strains (sd-1, ny-1, cd-87, or pa-131) of bvdv for 1 h immediately before ivf. after 4 d of ivc, we harvested groups of 5 nonfertile ova or degenerated embryos (nfd ... | 2001 | 11665882 |
| estimating transfer of bovine virus-diarrhoea virus in danish cattle by use of register data. | to study how routinely recorded data (also called "register data") might be used in disease monitoring on a regional or national level, a database for bovine virus-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was made from existing databases, covering the period january 1995-november 1999. this paper includes a general description of the database, including basic statistics for selected variables. information was largely complete for cattle herds in the milk-recording scheme (mrs), but only partly available for other ... | 2001 | 11679171 |
| the immunology of the bovine respiratory disease complex. | the bovine respiratory disease complex continues to be an economically important syndrome in an era when immunologic control is likely to become increasingly important. recent studies have yielded a better understanding of the interaction, at the molecular level, of various pathogens with the bovine immune system. improved challenge models for important viral pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus have provided evidence of the efficacy of immune resp ... | 2001 | 11692507 |
| masking of two in vitro immunological assays for mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in calves acutely infected with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | acute infection of calves, previously vaccinated with bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), with non-cytopathic viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) resulted in the temporary suppression of two in vitro assays used to monitor mycobacterium bovis infection. lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-gamma production by whole blood cultures containing purified protein derivatives prepared from mycobacterium avium (ppd-a) and m bovis (ppd-b) were markedly suppressed. the implication is that acute infections of cattl ... | 2001 | 11700926 |
| a swiss case-control study to assess neospora caninum-associated bovine abortions by pcr, histopathology and serology. | neospora caninum is one of the most frequent infectious organisms causing abortion in cattle worldwide. the present case-control study was designed to assess the importance of bovine neosporosis for causing abortion in swiss cattle and to identify selected risk factors. infection was primarily diagnosed by a n. caninum-specific pcr and serology, complemented with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. a total of 113 case and 113 corresponding control-farms were studied for 1.5 year. during thi ... | 2001 | 11705647 |
| characterization of rna synthesis and translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). | full length and replicon genomes of various strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been characterized. analysis of growth kinetics for a pair of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) strains revealed that ncp strain synthesized viral rna at much reduced level compared to the cp strain. kinetics of translation and replication, the effects of bi-cistronic versus mono-cistronic genomes, and cis requirements for viral replication were also examined in a bvdv replicon d19c. impo ... | 2001 | 11724267 |
| involvement of microbial respiratory pathogens in acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle. | to evaluate viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens and mycoplasma spp isolated from lung tissues of cattle with acute interstitial pneumonia (aip) and cattle that had died as a result of other causes. | 2001 | 11592313 |
| isolation and characterization of noncytopathic pestivirus mutants reveals a role for nonstructural protein ns4b in viral cytopathogenicity. | isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the prototype pestivirus, are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. the cp viruses also differ from ncp viruses by the production of viral nonstructural protein ns3. however, the mechanism by which cp viruses induce cytopathic effect in cell culture remains unknown. here we used a genetic approach to isolate ncp variants that arose from a cp virus at low frequency. a bicistronic b ... | 2001 | 11602707 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus interacts with the alpha subunit of translation elongation factor-1. | a cellular protein that interacts with the ns5a polypeptide of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen. the ns5a interactor was identified as the alpha subunit of bovine translation elongation factor 1a (eef1a). cell-free binding studies were performed with chimeric ns5a fused to glutathione s-transferase (gst-ns5a) expressed in bacteria. gst-ns5a bound specifically to both in vitro-translated and mammalian cell-expressed eef1a. moreover, purified eef1a bo ... | 2001 | 11714969 |
| chimeric (marker) c-strain viruses induce clinical protection against virulent classical swine fever virus (csfv) and reduce transmission of csfv between vaccinated pigs. | two live recombinant vaccines (flc9 and flc11) against classical swine fever (csf) were evaluated for their capacity to reduce transmission of virulent csf virus (csfv) among vaccinated pigs. in flc9 the 5' terminal half of the e2 gene of the c-strain, a csfv vaccine strain, was exchanged with the homologous gene of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) strain 5250, the e(rns) gene was exchanged likewise in the chimeric flc11 virus. both recombinant vaccines induce an antibody response in pigs ... | 2001 | 11163670 |
| development of a competitive elisa using a truncated e2 recombinant protein as antigen for detection of antibodies to classical swine fever virus. | the sequence encoding a truncated e2 glycoprotein of the alfort/187 strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was expressed in escherichia coli using the pet expression system and the recombinant product purified by ni-nta agarose affinity chromatography. the antigenicity of this recombinant protein was demonstrated by immunoblot using anti- csfv-specific antibodies. a monoclonal antibody was produced against the truncated e2 protein and used as competitor in an elisa for the detection of ant ... | 2001 | 11170845 |
| validation of a test for dams carrying foetuses persistently infected with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus based on determination of antibody levels in late pregnancy. | our objective was to estimate, using a generalised linear mixed-model approach, the sensitivity and specificity of an indirect elisa when used to identify dams pregnant with persistently bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-infected foetuses. cows that had been tested for antibodies to bvdv with a positive result during their pregnancy and where the offspring had been tested for both antibody and virus were identified by accessing the swedish bvd database and the official pedigree records. the re ... | 2001 | 11535280 |
| assessing the within-herd prevalence of cows antibody-positive to bovine viral diarrhoea virus with a blocking elisa on bulk tank milk. | milk samples from 135 herds in brittany were tested by a blocking elisa for antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and used to assess the relationship between the bulk milk result and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive lactating cows. this relationship was first quantified by using a general linear model and controlling for the number of cows contributing milk to the bulk tank, for the percentage of primiparous cows in the herds and for the number of milkings contributing ... | 2001 | 11554568 |
| development of multiplexed nucleic acid testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis c virus. | in most western countries, blood donations are routinely screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or other nucleic acid tests. we describe the development of a multiplexed assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hcv in an internally controlled pcr suitable for large-scale blood donor screening. | 2001 | 11555468 |
| classical swine fever (csf) marker vaccine. trial iii. evaluation of discriminatory elisas. | the objective of the marker vaccine trial was to test the two available csf marker vaccines in scenarios which are likely to occur in the field and to evaluate the reliability of the discriminatory tests. the evaluation of the discriminatory tests was of special importance because there is no requirement for formal data concerning their performance by the european medicinal products evaluation agency (emea) in london. emea is responsible for the licensing procedure of the marker vaccines within ... | 2001 | 11557153 |
| epidemiological pattern and risk factors associated with bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a non-vaccinated dairy-cattle population from the asturias region of spain. | a survey of bovine viral-diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection was carried out in a non-vaccinated cattle population from the asturias region of spain in 1997 to assess seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with infection. twenty-eight herds were included; 529 cows were bled. information regarding the herd and each animal sampled were recorded through a personal interview with the farmer. the true prevalence was estimated to be 21%. according to the antibody-age profiles and the herd-ma ... | 2001 | 11566379 |
| a cellular j-domain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus. | pestiviruses are positive-strand rna viruses closely related to human hepatitis c virus. gene expression of these viruses occurs via translation of a polyprotein, which is further processed by cellular and viral proteases. here we report the formation of a stable complex between an as-yet-undescribed cellular j-domain protein, a member of the dnaj-chaperone family, and pestiviral nonstructural protein ns2. accordingly, we termed the cellular protein jiv, for j-domain protein interacting with vir ... | 2001 | 11533209 |
| effect of calfhood vaccination on transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus under typical drylot dairy conditions. | to estimate transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and crude morbidity and mortality ratios in bvdv-vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy heifer calves managed under typical dairy drylot conditions. | 2001 | 11601795 |
| a family of closely related bovine viral diarrhea virus recombinants identified in an animal suffering from mucosal disease: new insights into the development of a lethal disease in cattle. | induction of lethal mucosal disease (md) in cattle is linked to the generation of cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in animals persistently infected with a noncytopathogenic bvdv. in most cases the cp variants are generated by recombination with cellular or viral sequences. bvdv was obtained from the serum of an md animal and propagated in tissue culture without plaque purification. analysis of cdna clones established from rna of these cells showed that apparently a variety ... | 2001 | 11878878 |
| genetic typing of ruminant pestivirus strains from northern ireland and the republic of ireland. | a study was performed to investigate the genotypes and sub-groups of pestiviruses present in ruminants in ireland. these comprised one ovine and eighteen bovine pestiviruses from northern ireland and six bovine pestiviruses from the republic of ireland. a 288 base pair (bp) portion of the 5'-non coding region (5'-ncr) from each of 25 pestiviruses collected over a period of 31 years was amplified by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the product directly sequenced. from ... | 2001 | 11883891 |
| inhibition of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus ns3 serine protease by a boron-modified peptidyl mimetic of its natural substrate. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv), and has been used as a surrogate virus in drug development for hcv infection. similar to hcv, bvdv-encoded ns3 serine proteinase is responsible for multiple cleavages in the viral polyprotein, generating mature ns4a, ns4b, ns5a and ns5b proteins. ns3-dependent cleavage sites of bvdv contain a strictly conserved leucine at p1, and either serine or alanine at p1'. the full length bvdv ns3/4a serine protease has been ... | 2001 | 12018682 |
| single-tube single-enzyme reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in pooled bovine serum. | a reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was developed for use as a diagnostic screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in pooled bovine serum samples. individual serum samples from 60 dairy cattle herds located in pennsylvania were evaluated by the microplate virus isolation method, and pooled sera were analyzed by rt-pcr. rt-pcr was sensitive and specific and detected a single viremic serum sample in up to 100 pooled serum samples. rt-pcr analysis of pooled sera provi ... | 2001 | 11136796 |
| diversity among bovine pestiviruses. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates are characterized by an important genetic, antigenic and pathogenic diversity. the emergence of new hypervirulent bvdv strains in north america has provided clear evidence of pathogenic differences between bvdv strains. the origin of bvdv diversity is related to high mutation rate occurring in rna viruses but the consequences of mutations obviously depend on the genes which are involved. mutations in genes encoding for structural proteins of immunolog ... | 2001 | 11243683 |
| seroprevalence of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in maritime canada dairy cattle. | the purpose of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of infection with the agents of production-limiting diseases in dairy cattle in new brunswick, nova scotia, and prince edward island. in 30 randomly selected herds per province, 30 cattle per herd were randomly selected and tested for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (blv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), while 5 unvaccinated cattle over 6 months of age were tested for antibodies to bovine vir ... | 2001 | 11265187 |
| isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from a free-ranging mule deer in wyoming. | a noncytopathic type 1a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was isolated from a free-ranging yearling female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from northwestern wyoming (usa). the mule deer was emaciated, weak, and salivating, and arcanobacterium pyogenes was cultured from lung abscesses. bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from lung, however, bvdv antigen was not detected by immunohistochemistry. the bvdv genotype was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and the rna s ... | 2001 | 11310881 |
| genomic characterization of pestiviruses isolated from lambs and kids in southern italy. | a nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify 13 pestivirus strains isolated from small ruminants in several mixed (sheep and goats) flocks of southern italy, and for classification as bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1, bvdv type 2, and border disease virus (bdv) genotypes. of the nine ovine isolates, two were characterized as bvdv type 1, and seven as bvdv type 2. the four pestiviruses isolated from kids belong to bvdv type 1. none of the pestivirus strains tested could be cl ... | 2001 | 11337042 |
| pathogenesis of primary respiratory disease induced by isolates from a new genetic cluster of bovine viral diarrhea virus type i. | the pathogenesis of infection induced by cytopathogenic isolates from the newly identified genetic cluster id of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i was studied in two experimental infections of previously seronegative, immunocompetent calves. experiment 1 focused on the evaluation of clinical patterns, viremia, and serological responses. all infected calves in this experiment developed respiratory symptoms and seroconverted to bvdv positivity. contact calves also contracted a respiratory ... | 2001 | 11136763 |
| microparticle-mediated rna immunization against bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infectious transcripts from the full-length infectious clone of the nadl strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were used to vaccinate cattle and sheep against bvdv. in vitro synthesized rna delivered by microparticle bombardment with a helios gene gun initiated replication of bvdv and consequently induced humoral immunity against type i bvdv (serum neutralization titers, snt > 2(12)) and type ii bvdv (snt > 2(7)). the quality and long-term stability of the rna-carrier complexes was assess ... | 2001 | 11228372 |
| genotyping of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle in northern italy. | following the first official report of a clinically severe outbreak of bovine viral diarrhoea disease occurring in a farm in northern italy, which had originated from the use of a live vaccine contaminated with a strain of bvd genotype ii virus, a retrospective study on the prevalence of bvdv genotypes in italy became highly relevant. for this purpose, the genotype of 78 bvdv-positive specimens, obtained in 1998-1999 from dairy cattle in an area near to where the outbreak occurred, was character ... | 2001 | 11243658 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a virus type-specific peptide based on a subdomain of envelope protein e(rns) for serologic diagnosis of pestivirus infections in swine. | peptides deduced from the c-terminal end (residues 191 to 227) of pestivirus envelope protein e(rns) were used to develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to measure specifically antibodies against different types of pestiviruses. the choice of the peptide was based on the modular structure of the e(rns) protein, and the peptide was selected for its probable independent folding and good exposure, which would make it a good candidate for an antigenic peptide to be used in a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11230402 |
| genomic and serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in japan. | genomic properties of 62 field isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) collected from 1974 to 1999 in japan were investigated. the 5' untranslated region (utr) was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the 244 to 247 base nucleotide sequences were determined. serological properties were also characterized by the cross-neutralization test using antisera against the representative strain of the classified genotype. using phylogenetic tree analysis, bvdv 1 ... | 2001 | 11407396 |
| [differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and border disease: seroepidemiological investigation of a pestivirus infection on a mixed sheep and swine farm]. | during recent years neutralizing antibodies against border disease virus (bdv) were found repeatedly in german pig herds. consequently there was a demand for a differential diagnostic system. a permanent sheep cell line and bdv reference strain moredun were chosen and were applied in a could be used case study. a pestivirus could be isolated from piglets on a mixed farm and was characterised as 'non-classical swine fever' (csf) by using monoclonal antibodies. due to a csf suspicion the pig herd ... | 2001 | 11417380 |
| antigen-presenting cells from calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus, a member of the flaviviridae, are not compromised in their ability to present viral antigen. | the aim of this study was to assess whether the infection of antigen-presenting cells (apc) in vivo, evident in calves persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), compromised their ability to stimulate virus-specific t cell responses. major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecule-identical cattle were identified from the inbred family at the institute for animal health. one was pi and immunotolerant to bvdv. virus was not isolated from the remaining calves, which were ... | 2001 | 11413379 |
| mucosal disease induced in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus by antigenically different cytopathic virus. | four cattle persistently infected with non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were challenged with cytopathic (cp) bvd virus that was antigenically different from the persistent virus. two of the animals were injected with dexamethasone (dm) and then challenged. they developed mucosal disease on days 21 and 33 post-challenge. cp-bvd viruses were isolated from their lymph nodes but not from the sera. the isolates were antigenically different from the persistent virus and the nucle ... | 2001 | 11448036 |
| application of single-strand conformation polymorphism to the study of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates. | single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products is a genetic screening technique for rapid detection of nucleotide substitutions in pcr-amplified genomic dna or cdna. it is based on the observation that partially formamide-denatured double-stranded dna migrates as 2 single-stranded dna molecules when electrophoresed in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. the mobility depends on the 3-dimensional conformation of the strand under the conditions us ... | 2001 | 11243363 |
| rna recombination between persisting pestivirus and a vaccine strain: generation of cytopathogenic virus and induction of lethal disease. | molecular analysis of a cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolate (1741) obtained from a case of mucosal disease (md) led to the identification of five different viral subgenomic rnas in addition to a noncytopathogenic (noncp) strain (ncp 1741). for each of the subgenomes, a large internal deletion was found together with an inserted sequence encoding part of ribosomal protein s27a fused to an n-terminally truncated ubiquitin monomer. surprisingly, the two cellular insertion ... | 2001 | 11413291 |
| antiviral effect of n-butyldeoxynojirimycin against bovine viral diarrhea virus correlates with misfolding of e2 envelope proteins and impairment of their association into e1-e2 heterodimers. | the iminosugar n-butyldeoxynojirimycin (nb-dnj), an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has an antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). in this report, we investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition by studying the folding pathway of bvdv envelope glycoproteins in the presence and absence of nb-dnj. our results show that, while the disulfide-dependent folding of e2 glycoprotein occurs rapidly (2.5 min), the folding of e1 occurs slowly (30 min). both ... | 2001 | 11264342 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus genotype 1 can be separated into at least eleven genetic groups. | seventy-eight bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (bvdv) recently collected in austria, france, hungary, italy, slovakia, spain and uk were genetically typed in the 5'-untranslated (5'utr) and autoprotease (npro) regions of the pestivirus genome. seventy-six of the isolates were bvdv-1 and two french isolates were of the bvdv-2 genotype. phylogenetic analysis of the 5'utr (245 nt), including additional bvdv-1 sequences from usa, canada, germany, new zealand, mozambique and sweden, taken from genbank ... | 2001 | 11266221 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection in us beef herds. | in the summer of 1996, we screened 18,931 calves in 128 beef herds located in five us states for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infection. of these, 76 herds were randomly selected from the client database of collaborating veterinary practices, and 52 herds were suspected by the collaborating veterinarians to have bvdv infection based on history or clinical signs. serum was obtained from each calf in the cooperating herds prior to 4 months of age and tested for the presence of bvd ... | 2001 | 11267691 |
| experimental infection of pregnant ewes with bovine viral diarrhea virus type-2 (bvdv-2): effects on the pregnancy and fetus. | the reproduction effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus type-2 (bvdv-2) infection were investigated in ewes inoculated with a non-cytopathic bvdv-2 isolate at three stages of gestation. virus inoculation was followed by a transient viremia, accompanied by a transient and mild hyperthermia and nasal discharge in a few animals. some ewes were sacrificed at different time-points after virus inoculation to study the kinetics of fetal infection. infectivity and viral antigens were detected in placent ... | 2001 | 11267789 |
| [outbreak of bovine virus diarrhea on dutch dairy farms induced by a bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine contaminated with bovine virus diarrhea virus type 2]. | on 23 february 1999, the dutch animal health service advised all dutch veterinary practices to postpone vaccination against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) immediately. the day before severe disease problems were diagnosed on four dairy farms after vaccination with the same batch of bhv1 marker vaccine. using monoclonal antibodies, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 2 was found in the vaccine batch. this paper describes an outbreak of bvdv type 2 infection caused by the use of a batch of modif ... | 2001 | 11285633 |
| [detection of bovine virus diarrhea virus in a live bovine herpes virus 1 marker vaccine]. | in february 1999, 12 dutch herds were vaccinated with a live bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine from which bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) could be isolated. all vaccine batches that were on the dutch market and that had not yet reached the expiry date were tested for bvdv. in total, seven of 82 batches tested were found positive. batch numbers tx3607, vb3914, vb3915, vb4046, tw3391, and tv3294 were positive for bvdv type 1, and batch number wg4622 was positive for bvdv type 2. this latter batch in ... | 2001 | 11285638 |
| [vaccination of calves with contaminated batches of bovine herpes virus 1 vaccines did not result in infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus]. | the aim of the experiment was to study whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine batches known to be contaminated with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1 could cause bvd in cattle. for this purpose, four groups of cattle were used. the first group (n = 4 calves, the positive control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch contaminated with bvdv type 2. the second group (n = 4 calves, the negative control group), was vaccinated with vaccine from a batch that was not cont ... | 2001 | 11285641 |
| efficient translation initiation is required for replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenomic replicons. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) mediates translation initiation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) rna. studies have suggested that a portion of the n(pro) open reading frame (orf) is required, although its exact function has not been defined. here we show that a subgenomic (sg) bvdv rna in which the ns3 orf is preceded only by the 5' nontranslated region did not replicate to detectable levels following transfection. however, rna synthesis and cytopathic effects were observed following ... | 2001 | 11287572 |
| evidence for the presence of two novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae comprises four species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). comparative analyses of partial sequences have suggested that pestivirus isolates from giraffe (giraffe-1) and reindeer (reindeer-1) are distinct from the established species (becher et al., virology 262, 64--71, 1999). in this study, we report the complete genomic sequences of pestivirus strains giraffe ... | 2001 | 11485413 |
| factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral rna-dependent rna polymerases: implications for rna-rna recombination. | copy-choice rna recombination occurs during viral rna synthesis when the viral transcription complex switches templates. we demonstrate that rna-dependent rna polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus and the replicases from three plant-infecting rna viruses can produce easily detectable recombination products in vitro by switching templates during elongative rna synthesis. template sequence and/or structure, and ntp availability affected the frequency of template switch by the transcription c ... | 2001 | 11309487 |
| an inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 1 vaccine affords clinical protection against bvdv type 2. | this study was designed to answer to two distinct questions. firstly, is it possible to reproduce clinical signs of acute bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) type 2 infection including signs of haemorrhagic disease under experimental conditions in cattle at 20 weeks of age? secondly, what is the extent of the protection afforded by vaccination with an inactivated bvdv type 1 vaccine against bvdv type 2 infection? calves were vaccinated at 12 and 16 weeks of age with a commercially available inac ... | 2001 | 11312023 |
| noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis and interferon synthesis. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. both noncytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp) biotypes of bvdv can be isolated from persistently infected cattle suffering from the lethal mucosal disease. the cp biotype correlates with the production of the ns3 nonstructural protein, which in the corresponding ncp biotype is present in its uncleaved form, ns23. previously, we have shown that cp ... | 2001 | 11312340 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the palm subdomain of hepatitis c virus nonstructural protein 5b polymerase. | the nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) which plays an essential role in viral rna replication. antibodies that specifically recognize ns5b will have utilities in monitoring ns5b production and subcellular localization, as well as in structure-function studies. in this report, three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 16a9c9, 16d9a4 and 20a12c7, against a recombinant ns5b protein (genotype 1a, h-77 strain) were produced. these mabs ... | 2001 | 11325472 |
| evaluation of a blocking elisa for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies in serum and milk. | the performance characteristics of a blocking elisa test applied to serum and individual milk for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were assessed using 1189 matched milk/serum samples collected from cows of 42 dairy herds located in brittany (west of france). this test was based on a monoclonal antibody directed against non-structural protein ns2-3 of pestiviruses. all tests were performed blind. for each type of sample, negative/positive cut-off values were dete ... | 2001 | 11348769 |
| rapid transplacental infection with bovine pestivirus following intranasal inoculation of ewes in early pregnancy. | despite the importance of congenital viral infections in both veterinary and human medicine, only limited experimental work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in transplacental virus infections. to further an understanding of fetal infection with pestiviruses, the distribution of bovine pestivirus in the uterine and fetal tissues of ewes in early pregnancy, following a natural route of infection, was investigated. on the 18th day of pregnancy, nine ewes were inoculated by ... | 2001 | 11355657 |
| prevalence of genotypes 1 and 2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus in lower saxony, germany. | the aim of this study was to find whether an antigenic drift had occurred in lower saxony in the past 40 years. for this, the genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates mainly from lower saxony was estimated by rt-pcr and sequencing of a 420 bp fragment of the e2 glycoprotein gene. sixty-one field virus isolates collected during routine diagnostics between 1960 and 2000 in lower saxony, northern germany, were analyzed. phylogenetic analysis allowed discrimination of genotyp ... | 2001 | 11376844 |
| highly sensitive one-tube rt-pcr and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses. | rapid, sensitive and specific laboratory diagnostic methods are necessary to confirm outbreaks of classical swine fever. the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and its discrimination from other pestiviruses can be achieved by virus isolation on cell culture, antigen detection, or molecular methods. to reduce the time and the number of steps in the diagnostic procedure a sensitive and rapid detection method based on specific amplification of the pestiviral rna by one-step reverse tra ... | 2001 | 11377717 |
| genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from argentina. | genetic typing of 29 bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) isolates from argentina was carried out by sequencing 245 nucleotides of the rt-pcr products of the 5'-utr region. sequence analysis shows that these argentinean bvdv include types 1 and 2. the majority (26/29) of the isolates are type 1, which comprises subtypes 1a and 1b, together with an additional subgroup within subtype 1a. this subgroup is close to the south african subgroup ic of 1a viruses, and to the deer pestivirus strain "deer". ... | 2001 | 11390117 |
| preventing the spread of hepatitis b and c viruses: where are germicides relevant? | hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are the most prevalent bloodborne pathogens. infections caused by these organisms can become chronic and may lead to liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. limited chemotherapy is now available, but only hbv can be prevented through vaccination. both viruses are enveloped and relatively sensitive to many physical and chemical agents; their ability to survive in the environment may not be as high as often believed. as a result, their spread occurs mainl ... | 2001 | 11391281 |