Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| both erk and jnk are required for enhancement of md-2 gene expression during differentiation of hl-60 cells. | md-2 is associated with the extracellular domain of tlr4 (toll-like receptor 4) and augments tlr4-dependent lps (lipopolysaccharide) responses in vitro. our previous investigation found that pma-induced hl-60 cell differentiation to macrophages is associated largely with tlr2 and cd14 and, to a much lesser extent, with tlr4. | 2008 | 18181766 |
| anaplastic oligodendroglioma with meningeal infiltration in a free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). | this report describes an anaplastic oligodendroglioma in a red deer, extending from the cerebellum and anterior medulla along the dorsal part of the brain stem to the posterior cerebral hemispheres and infiltrating the meninges. immunohistologically, the tumour cells were labelled for s-100 but were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and synaptophysin. this would appear to be the first report of an oligodendroglioma in a deer. | 2008 | 17983625 |
| hierarchical path analysis of deer responses to direct and indirect effects of climate in northern forest. | a problem in climate studies has been on how to treat causal chains of explanations and both direct and indirect effects. mammals in strongly seasonal environments of the boreal forest typically lose condition during winter and gain mass (and reproduce) during the summer season when biomass and plant quality peak. mass decay of large herbivores during winter is due to direct effects of winter weather, such as increased costs of movement, thermoregulation and reduced access to food when snow is d ... | 2008 | 18006411 |
| mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 deficiency is involved in expanded-huntingtin-induced transcriptional dysregulation and striatal death. | huntington's disease (hd) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to an abnormal polyglutamine expansion in the n-terminal region of huntingtin protein (exp-htt). this expansion causes protein aggregation and neuronal dysfunction and death. transcriptional dysregulation due to exp-htt participates in neuronal death in hd. here, using the r6/2 transgenic mouse model of hd, we identified a new molecular alteration that could account for gene dysregulation in these mice. despite a nuclear activation of ... | 2008 | 18029446 |
| activation of mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways after soman poisoning in rat cerebellar granule neurons. | the expression of activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and activated mapk transcription factors c-jun, c-myc and elk-1 were examined in rat cerebellum after soman poisoning to determine the pathogenetic mechanism of the non-specific long-term effects of nerve agents. male wistar rats were poisoned by intramuscular administration of soman at a dose 60 microg kg(-1) (70% ld(50)) and samples were taken 1, 7 and 14 days after poisoning, immunohistochemically stained and p-p38mapk, p ... | 2008 | 18041744 |
| transcriptional response to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation: regulation of egr-1 biosynthesis by erk, elk-1, mkp-1, and calcineurin in carbachol-stimulated human neuroblastoma cells. | carbachol-mediated activation of type m(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors induces the biosynthesis of the transcription factor egr-1 in human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells involving an activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. carbachol triggered the phosphorylation of the ternary complex factor elk-1, a key transcriptional regulator of serum response element-driven gene transcription, and strikingly enhanced the transcriptional activation potential of elk-1. chromatin immun ... | 2008 | 18061571 |
| an alternative approach to reconstructing organic matter accumulation with contrasting watershed disturbance histories from lake sediments. | a number of proxies, including carbon to nitrogen ratio (c:n) and stable isotopes (delta(13)c and delta(15)n), have been used to reconstruct organic matter (om) profiles from lake sediments and these proxies individually or in combination cannot clearly discriminate different sources. here we present an alternative approach to elucidate this problem from lake sediments as a function of watershed scale land use changes. stable isotope signatures of defined om sources from the study watersheds, sh ... | 2008 | 18063254 |
| heterologous in vitro fertility evaluation of cryopreserved iberian red deer epididymal spermatozoa with zona-intact sheep oocytes and its relationship with the characteristics of thawed spermatozoa. | a heterologous in vitro system, using zona-intact sheep oocytes, was used to evaluate the relationship between sperm factors of iberian red deer thawed epididymal sperm and the percentage of cleaved oocytes. epididymal spermatozoa were recovered from six males, diluted with freezing extender and cryopreserved. after thawing sperm motility (sm) and acrosome and membrane integrities were evaluated. again, these parameters were assessed after incubation in freezing extender at 37 degrees c for 2 h. ... | 2008 | 18067534 |
| taxol-induced mitochondrial stress in melanoma cells is mediated by activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase (jnk) and p38 pathways via uncoupling protein 2. | taxol (paclitaxel) is a new antineoplastic drug that has shown promise in the treatment of different tumor types. however, the molecular mechanisms governing taxol-induced apoptosis are poorly understood. activation of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases is induced by a wide variety of external stress signals and may lead to apoptosis. therefore, we challenged the human melanoma cell lines a375 and blm with taxol and characterized the molecular mechanisms regulating taxol-induced apoptosis. ... | 2008 | 18068334 |
| role played by disabled-2 in albumin induced map kinase signalling. | albumin has been shown to activate the mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathway in proximal tubular cells (ptecs) of the kidney. megalin, the putative receptor for albumin has potential signalling properties. however, the mechanisms by which megalin signals are unclear. the adaptor phosphoprotein disabled-2 (dab2) is known to interact with the cytoplasmic tail of megalin and may be involved in albumin-mediated mapk signalling. in this study, we investigated the role of dab2 in albumin-med ... | 2008 | 18070591 |
| association of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (lrp5) promoter snp with peak bone mineral density in chinese women. | low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (lrp5) is important for osteoblast differentiation and mutations of the gene are associated with both low and high bone mass syndromes. our study aimed to evaluate the importance of lrp5 in the determination of peak bone mass acquisition in chinese females in the general population. | 2008 | 18073493 |
| prevalence of coxiella burnetti infection in wild and farmed ungulates. | the aim of this study was to evaluate by serology and pcr analyses the prevalence of coxiella burnetti infection in ungulates in spain. sera were collected from red deer (cervus elaphus; n=116), roe deer (capreolus capreolus; n=39), fallow deer (dama dama; n=13) and cattle (n=79). sera were tested for anti-c. burnetii antibody detection by means of an immunofluorescence antibody assay (ifa) and c. burnetii dna was amplified by pcr in samples from ungulates that had antibodies to phase ii antigen ... | 2008 | 17669603 |
| histone h1 is released from myonuclei and present in rimmed vacuoles with dna in inclusion body myositis. | to investigate myonuclear alterations in sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-ibm), we immuno-localized histones in muscles in 11 patients. the examination showed that vacuolar rims were frequently positive for histone h1. in triple-color fluorescence study, the h1-positive products were found on the inner side of an emerin-positive circle with dna. moreover, h1-positive materials appeared to be released into the cytoplasm in some vacuoles and myonuclei. the localization of h1 was different from ... | 2008 | 17888663 |
| beta-arrestin-dependent mu-opioid receptor-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) translocate to nucleus in contrast to g protein-dependent erk activation. | the cellular location of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erks) activated by a g protein-coupled receptor was shown to be dependent on the pathway that mediated their activation. in general, fast activation of erks (2 min) mediated by g proteins resulted in the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated erks, whereas a slower activation of erks (10 min) mediated by beta-arrestins resulted in the cytosolic retention of the phosphorylated erks. however, we observed distinct differences from th ... | 2008 | 17947509 |
| expression of phospho-elk-1 in rat gut after the whole body gamma irradiation. | gastrointestinal form is the second stage of acute radiation syndrome (ars) with a threshold dose of 8 gy in man. it represents an absolutely lethal clinical-pathological unit, necro-hemorrhagic enteritis and proctocolitis, with unknown causal therapy. elk-1 is a protein acting as a transcription factor activating specified genes. the purpose of our study was to examine the expression of phospho-elk-1 in irradiated jejunum and transversal colon of rats with radiation-induced enterocolitis and to ... | 2008 | 17949253 |
| antisense oligonucleotide elk-1 suppresses the tumorigenicity of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | in previous studies, we showed that reducing ets-like protein-1 (elk-1) expression inhibited protein kinase c alpha (pkc alpha) expression and decreased cell migration and invasion in human hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). in this study, we have investigated the role of elk-1 in tumorigenesis. sk-hep-1 hcc cells were transfected with the elk-1 antisense oligonucleotide (odn). in the pretreated cells we detected a reduction of mrna level using rt-pcr. the inhibitory rate of cell growth was measure ... | 2008 | 17950002 |
| elk-1 is a novel protein-binding partner for fak, regulating phagocytosis in medfly hemocytes. | focal adhesion kinase (fak) and its downstream signaling targets, mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapks), are implicated in the process of phagocytosis by insect hemocytes. the goal of this study was to explore further the signaling pathways underlining the process of phagocytosis. the combination of bioinformatics, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches strongly support the expression of elk-1-like protein in medfly hemocytes. elk-1 is phosphorylated in e. coli or latex beads-challeng ... | 2008 | 17955497 |
| nuclear exclusion of forkhead box o and elk1 and activation of nuclear factor-kappab are required for c2c12-rasv12c40 myoblast differentiation. | activating ras point mutations are frequently found in skeletal muscle tumors such as rhabdomyosarcomas. in this study we investigated the impact of two different h-ras mutants in skeletal muscle differentiation: rasv12, a constitutively active form, and rasv12c40, a mutant deficient in raf1 activation. stably transfected c2c12-rasv12 myoblasts actively proliferated as indicated by the sustained expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and retinoblastoma at the hyperphosphorylated state ... | 2008 | 17962350 |
| toxic and essential metal concentrations in four tissues of red deer (cervus elaphus) from baranja, croatia. | kidney (n = 297), liver (n = 52), jawbone (n = 80) and muscle (n = 48) samples collected from red deer (cervus elaphus) from north-eastern croatia in the 2002--05 hunting season were analysed for cadmium (cd), copper (cu), iron (fe), mercury (hg), lead (pb), selenium (se) and zinc (zn) using atomic absorption spectrometry. statistical evaluation of results showed age-related accumulations of renal cortex cd and zn, bone pb, and muscle zn. renal cortex cd and zn were significantly associated. in ... | 2008 | 17852398 |
| hemin upregulates egr-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells via reactive oxygen species erk-1/2-elk-1 and nf-kappab. | reactive oxygen species (ros) and oxidant stress are important mediators of cardiovascular pathologies including atherosclerosis. one source of ros in the vasculature is free heme released from hemoglobin. because egr-1, the regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis, is also induced by oxidant stress and is likewise implicated in atherosclerosis, we examined the regulation of egr-1 by heme in vascular smooth muscle cells (smcs). hemin increased egr-1 expression (mrna, protein) within 30 minu ... | 2008 | 17967787 |
| regulating overabundant ungulate populations: an example for elk in rocky mountain national park, colorado. | in many areas of the world, populations of native ungulates have become so abundant that they are believed to be harming vegetation and disrupting ecosystem function. methods for controlling overabundance populations include culling animals from the population and controlling fertility using contraceptives. however, understanding the feasibility these alternatives requires insight into their long-term effects on populations. we constructed a simulation model to evaluate options for regulating el ... | 2008 | 17276577 |
| the temporal relationship between oocyte maturation and early fertilisation events in relation to the pre-ovulatory lh peak and preimplantation embryo development in red deer (cervus elaphus). | the temporal relationships among oocyte maturation, gamete transport and fertilisation following the pre-ovulatory luteinsing hormone surge in red deer were established; and secondly, early preimplantation development to the blastocyst stage in relation to the onset of oestrus was determined for red deer. in the first series of observations, oestrus was synchronised in april (n=22), for the fixed time recovery of gametes from 0 to 36 h after the estimated pre-ovulatory lh peak. matings were obse ... | 2008 | 17482775 |
| differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in mesenteric lymph nodes of iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) naturally infected with mycobacterium bovis. | little information is available about gene expression in natural mycobacterial infection of wildlife species. iberian red deer can serve as reservoir of mycobacterium bovis in spain, thus increasing the risk of bovine tuberculosis (btb) in humans and cattle. herein, we characterized the differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in mesenteric lymph nodes of deer naturally infected with m. bovis using microarray hybridization. results were validated by determination of seru ... | 2008 | 17604102 |
| anisomycin abrogates repression of protooncogene c-fos transcription in e1a + cha-ras-transformed cells through activation of mek/erk kinase cascade. | we have previously shown that transcription of immediate-early c-fos protooncogene is becoming strongly repressed in rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by oncogenes e1a and cha-ras, so that serum only slightly stimulated c-fos transcription in these cells in contrast to high level of c-fos activation in non-transformed ref52 cells. here we showed that stress-inducing agent anisomycin was able to override the c-fos repression and to induce c-fos transcription in e1a + ras transformants. in vitro ... | 2008 | 17647273 |
| synergistic effects of a combination of dietary factors sulforaphane and (-) epigallocatechin-3-gallate in ht-29 ap-1 human colon carcinoma cells. | the objective of this study was to investigate combinations of two chemopreventive dietary factors: egcg 20 microm (or 100 microm) and sfn (25 microm) in ht-29 ap-1 human colon carcinoma cells. | 2008 | 17657594 |
| the ternary complex factor net/elk-3 participates in the transcriptional response to hypoxia and regulates hif-1 alpha. | the ternary complex factor net/elk3 is downregulated in hypoxia and participates in the induction by hypoxia of several genes, including c-fos, vascular endothelial growth factor and egr-1. however, the global role of net in hypoxia remains to be elucidated. we have identified, in a large-scale analysis of rna expression using microarrays, more than 370 genes that are regulated by net in hypoxia. in order to gain insights into the role of net in hypoxia, we have analysed in parallel the genes re ... | 2008 | 17704799 |
| elk-1, creb, and mkp-1 regulate egr-1 expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulated gonadotrophs. | stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) receptors with the gnrh analogue buserelin enhances expression of the zinc finger transcription factor egr-1 in a pituitary gonadotroph cell line. the signaling cascade is blocked by overexpression of map kinase phosphatase-1 that dephosphorylates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase in the nucleus. chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the phosphorylated form of elk-1, a key regulator of gene transcription driven by ... | 2008 | 18814180 |
| antibody responses of cervids (cervus elaphus) following experimental mycobacterium bovis infection and the implications for immunodiagnosis. | captive and free-ranging wildlife animals are implicated in the maintenance and transmission of bovine tuberculosis and therefore pose a significant obstacle to eradication of the disease from domestic livestock. the current antemortem diagnostic method, the intradermal tuberculin skin test, is impractical for routine use with many wild animals. antibody-based assays are particularly attractive because the animals are handled only once and immediate processing of the sample is not required. this ... | 2008 | 18815233 |
| development of a management program for a mixed species wildlife park following an occurrence of malignant catarrhal fever. | during late 2001 and early 2002, a mixed species wildlife park in north carolina experienced an acute outbreak of morbidity and mortality in pere david's deer (elaphurus davidianus), axis deer (axis axis), blackbuck antelope (antelope cervicapra), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus). clinical signs varied from fulminant disease, progressing from depression to bloody scours to death in fewer than 4 days in pere david's deer, to a more protracted for ... | 2008 | 18817000 |
| integrative bioinformatics analysis of transcriptional regulatory programs in breast cancer cells. | microarray technology has unveiled transcriptomic differences among tumors of various phenotypes, and, especially, brought great progress in molecular understanding of phenotypic diversity of breast tumors. however, compared with the massive knowledge about the transcriptome, we have surprisingly little knowledge about regulatory mechanisms underling transcriptomic diversity. | 2008 | 18823535 |
| clinical parelaphostrongylus tenuis infection in two captive american bison (bison bison). | 2 juvenile (17 and 19 months of age) male american bison (bison bison) were examined because of acute bilateral hind limb weakness and ataxia; 1 animal also had urinary incontinence. | 2008 | 18828725 |
| eukaryotic-like protein kinases in the prokaryotes and the myxobacterial kinome. | ser/thr/tyr kinases, which together comprise a major class of regulatory proteins in eukaryotes, were not believed to play an important role in prokaryotes until recently. however, our analysis of 626 prokaryotic genomes reveals that eukaryotic-like protein kinases (elks) are found in nearly two-thirds of the sequenced strains. we have identified 2697 elks, most of which are encoded by multicellular strains of the phyla proteobacteria (myxococcales), actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, and chloroflex ... | 2008 | 18836084 |
| the dynamics of a quantitative trait in an age-structured population living in a variable environment. | time series of rapid phenotypic change have been documented in age-structured populations living in the wild. researchers are often interested in identifying the processes responsible for such change. we derive an equation to exactly decompose change in the mean value of a phenotypic trait into contributions from fluctuations in the demographic structure and age-specific viability selection, fertility selection, phenotypic plasticity, and differences between offspring and parental trait values. ... | 2008 | 18840061 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central italy. | from january 2004 to july 2007, 2455 sera were collected from domestic and wild animals living in central italy and tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum. considering sera with 1:40 antibody titers as positive, 336 (13.68%) animals scored positive. the percentages of seropositivity were: 46.26% (31/67) in fallow deer, 46.15% (24/52) in red deer, 16.89% (134/793) in horses, 16.78% (23/137) in cattle, 12.74% (13/102) in sheep, 8.76% (108 ... | 2008 | 18843892 |
| toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite (+)-usnic acid in domestic sheep. | toxicity following ingestion of the vagrant, foliose lichen xanthoparmelia chlorochroa was identified as the putative etiology in the death of an estimated 400-500 elk on the red rim-daley wildlife habitat management area in wyoming during the winter of 2004. a single, unsubstantiated report in 1939 attributed toxicity of x. chlorochroa in cattle and sheep to usnic acid, a common lichen secondary metabolite. to test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poison ... | 2008 | 18192570 |
| the elk prnp codon 132 polymorphism controls cervid and scrapie prion propagation. | the elk prion protein gene (prnp) encodes either methionine (m) or leucine (l) at codon 132, the l132 allele apparently affording protection against chronic wasting disease (cwd). the corresponding human codon 129 polymorphism influences the host range of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) prions. to fully address the influence of this cervid polymorphism on cwd pathogenesis, we created transgenic (tg) mice expressing cervid prpc with l at residue 132, referred to as cerprpc-l132, and compar ... | 2008 | 18198392 |
| human influence on distribution and extinctions of the late pleistocene eurasian megafauna. | late pleistocene extinctions are of interest to paleontological and anthropological research. in north america and australia, human occupation occurred during a short period of time and overexploitation may have led to the extinction of mammalian megafauna. in northern eurasia megafaunal extinctions are believed to have occurred over a relatively longer period of time, perhaps as a result of changing environmental conditions, but the picture is much less clear. to consider megafaunal extinction ... | 2008 | 18199470 |
| testing for genetic trade-offs between early- and late-life reproduction in a wild red deer population. | the antagonistic pleiotropy (ap) theory of ageing predicts genetically based trade-offs between investment in reproduction in early life and survival and performance in later life. laboratory-based research has shown that such genetic trade-offs exist, but little is currently known about their prevalence in natural populations. we used random regression 'animal model' techniques to test the genetic basis of trade-offs between early-life fecundity (elf) and maternal performance in late life in a ... | 2008 | 18211877 |
| bradykinin induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and cell migration through a pkc-delta-dependent erk/elk-1 pathway in astrocytes. | many reports have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9 plays an important role in brain inflammation and diseases. in our previous study, bradykinin (bk) has been shown to induce prommp-9 expression via mapks and nf-kappab in rat brain astrocytes (rba-1). however, the molecular mechanisms and physiological roles underlying bk-induced mmp-9 expression in rba-1 remain unclear. here we reported that bk induced prommp-9 expression and promoted rba-1 cell migration, via a b(2) bk receptor-acti ... | 2008 | 18240315 |
| elk-1 associates with fak, regulates the expression of fak and map kinases as well as apoptosis in hk-2 cells. | focal adhesion kinase (fak), map kinases and the nuclear transcription factor elk-1 have been reported to be implicated in the same cellular processes, however, their direct or indirect interaction and potential function(s) has not been documented. here, we explored the association of fak with elk-1, the implication of elk-1 in the regulation of fak and map kinases expression as well as apoptosis, in hk-2 cells. biochemical and immunofluorescence approaches strongly support the association of lo ... | 2008 | 18247360 |
| transcriptional profiling defines the roles of erk and p38 kinases in epidermal keratinocytes. | epidermal keratinocytes respond to extracellular influences by activating cytoplasmic signal transduction pathways that change gene expression. using pathway-specific transcriptional profiling, we identified the genes regulated by two such pathways, p38 and erk. these pathways are at the fulcrum of epidermal differentiation, proliferative and inflammatory skin diseases. we used sb203580 and pd98059 as specific inhibitors and affymetrix hu133av2 microarrays, to identify the genes regulated after ... | 2008 | 18247374 |
| estimating the true prevalence of mycobacterium bovis in free-ranging elk in michigan. | although relatively small, michigan's elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) herd is highly valued by both hunters and the general public. elk and red deer (cervus elaphus elaphus) are highly susceptible to infection with mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (tb), and outbreaks have been documented worldwide. the michigan elk range lies entirely within counties where tb is known to be enzootic in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). consequently, a project was undertaken ... | 2008 | 18957636 |
| enhanced expressions of microvascular smooth muscle receptors after focal cerebral ischemia occur via the mapk mek/erk pathway. | mek1/2 is a serine/threonine protein that phosphorylates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk1/2). cerebral ischemia results in enhanced expression of cerebrovascular contractile receptors in the middle cerebral artery (mca) leading to the ischemic region. here we explored the role of the mek/erk pathway in receptor expression following ischemic brain injury using the specific mek1 inhibitor u0126. | 2008 | 18793415 |
| environmentally-relevant forms of the prion protein. | scrapie and chronic wasting disease (cwd) are prion diseases of particular environmental concern as they are horizontally transmissible and can remain infectious after years in the environment. recent evidence suggests that the n-terminus of prpsc, the infectious conformation of the prion protein, plays an important role in the mechanism of sorption to soil particles. we hypothesize that, in a prion-infected animal carcass, a portion of the n-terminus of prpsc could be cleaved by proteinases in ... | 2008 | 18800532 |
| mitogen-induced recruitment of erk and msk to sre promoter complexes by ternary complex factor elk-1. | many eukaryotic genes are acutely regulated by extra-cellular signals. the c-fos serum response element (sre) mediates transcriptional activation in response to mitogens through serum response factor (srf)-dependent recruitment of elk-1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk)-responsive transcription factor. how subsequent events at sre promoters stimulate initiation of transcription has yet to be fully resolved. here we show that extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) and mitogen and s ... | 2008 | 18334532 |
| preliminary observations on the experimental transmission of chronic wasting disease (cwd) from elk and white-tailed deer to fallow deer. | to determine the transmissibility of chronic wasting disease (cwd) to fallow deer (dama dama) and to provide information about clinical course, lesions and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of cwd in this species, 13 fawns were inoculated intracerebrally with cwd brain suspension from elk (n=6) or white-tailed deer (n=7). three other fawns were kept as uninfected controls. three cwd-inoculated deer were killed 7.6 months post-inoculation (mpi). none had abnormal p ... | 2008 | 18336829 |
| fine-scale predation risk on elk after wolf reintroduction in yellowstone national park, usa. | while patterns from trophic cascade studies have largely focused on density-mediated effects of predators on prey, there is increasing recognition that behaviorally mediated indirect effects of predators on prey can, at least in part, explain trophic cascade patterns. to determine if a relationship exists between predation risk perceived by elk (cervus elaphus) while browsing and elk position within the landscape, we observed a total of 56 female elk during two summers and 29 female elk during o ... | 2008 | 18224339 |
| plaque-based competitive hybridization. | the authors have developed a simple, cost-saving experimental design, plaque-based competitive hybridization (pbch), for genome-wide identification of genes differentially expressed in different tissues. pbch offers advantages in comparison with other methods used in comparative genomics by combining the principles of differential hybridization with the subtractive hybridization. pbch is particularly advantageous when libraries with few differences are to be analyzed. the authors demonstrate the ... | 2008 | 18227228 |
| hypertrophic osteopathy associated with mycotic pneumonia in two juvenile elk (cervus elaphus). | two yearling bull elk (cervus claphus) from the same farm developed anorexia, weight loss, and lameness. on physical examination, both elk were thin and showed diffuse swelling of all lower limbs. radiographs of the lower limbs showed periosteal thickening of the distal extremities, consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. thoracic radiographs indicated the presence of pulmonary nodules. cytologic evaluations of tracheal washes on both elk were consistent with inflammation. acid-fast stains on b ... | 2008 | 18987246 |
| risk factors associated with anthrax outbreak in animals in north dakota, 2005: a retrospective case-control study. | we identified the risk factors associated with the anthrax outbreak of 2005 in animals in north dakota. | 2008 | 19006977 |
| molecular responses of the ts65dn and ts1cje mouse models of down syndrome to mk-801. | down syndrome (ds), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (chr21), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. the ts65dn mouse model of ds is trisomic for orthologs of 94 chr21-encoded, confirmed protein-coding genes and displays a number of behavioral deficits. recently, ts65dn mice were shown to be hypersensitive to the locomotor stimulatory effects of the high-affinity n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor (nmdar) channel blocker, mk-801. this is consistent with the functi ... | 2008 | 19125866 |
| vestibular schwannoma: how much residual hearing is useful? | the objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of residual hearing in the tumour ear in vestibular schwannoma patients. | 2008 | 19128646 |
| regulatory effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (erk) on type i collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts stimulated by il-4 and il-13. | synthesis of collagen is up-regulated by pro-fibrogenic growth factors and cytokines such as tgf-beta 1, il-4, and il-13 binding to their corresponding cell membrane receptors of fibroblasts. the erk pathway is an important mapk signaling pathway that is involved in regulating cell function. the aim of our studies was to examine effects of il-4 and il-13 on the erk signaling pathway and its function in regulating type i collagen gene expression in human fibroblasts. we found that human dermal fi ... | 2008 | 19065352 |
| multiple movement modes by large herbivores at multiple spatiotemporal scales. | recent theory suggests that animals should switch facultatively among canonical movement modes as a complex function of internal state, landscape characteristics, motion capacity, and navigational capacity. we tested the generality of this paradigm for free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) over 5 orders of magnitude in time (minutes to years) and space (meters to 100 km). at the coarsest spatiotemporal scale, elk shifted from a dispersive to a home-ranging phase over the course of 1-3 years after in ... | 2008 | 19060190 |
| [determination of limits of ashworthiosis foci in eastern and southern poland]. | the task was to establish the foci of ashworthiosis. the locations were: białowieza forest and bieszczady mountains. the wild cervides including: 52 red deer and 15 roe deer as well as domestic ruminants: 17 cattle and 18 sheep were examined parasitologically. also, the examination was extended to neighbouring and additional areas. contents of abomasa after multiple decantation were conserved with 2% formaldehyde. all nematodes were isolated from the contest, cleared in 70% ethanol with 5% glyce ... | 2008 | 19055063 |
| prolactin induced production of cytokines in macrophages involves ca++ and p42/44 map kinase signaling pathway. | the immunomodulatory properties of prolactin (prl) are well recognized. recently, we have reported the activation and enhanced production of nitric oxide by macrophages on treatment with prl. the involvement of protein tyrosine kinases, map kinases and ca++ signaling in the enhanced nitric oxide production by macrophages on prl treatment was also established. in the present study, it has been observed that prl induces the intracellular release of ca++; activates protein kinase c (pkc)-8 and p42/ ... | 2008 | 19021033 |
| cross-generational effects of habitat and density on life history in red deer. | we used long-term data on movements, survival, and reproduction of female red deer (cervus elaphus linnaeus) of the isle of rum, scotland (1970-2001), to explain variation in life history (age at maturity) from a hind's access to habitat resources and exposure to local density, and cross-generational (maternal) effects on observed relationships. we described each hind's use of resources relative to availability in the study area from an individual-based resource selection function (rsf); we defi ... | 2008 | 19137939 |
| effectiveness of action to reduce exposure of free-ranging california condors in arizona and utah to lead from spent ammunition. | california condors (gymnogyps californianus) released into the wild in arizona ranged widely in arizona and utah. previous studies have shown that the blood lead concentrations of many of the birds rise because of ingestion of spent lead ammunition. condors were routinely recaptured and treated to reduce their lead levels as necessary but, even so, several died from lead poisoning. we used tracking data from vhf and satellite tags, together with the results of routine testing of blood lead conce ... | 2008 | 19107211 |
| real-time pcr for detection and quantification of red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in meat mixtures. | a rapid real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique using sybr green detection system, has been developed for the quantification of red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer dnas in meat mixtures. the method combines the use of cervid-specific primers that amplify a 134, 169, and 120bp of the 12s rrna gene fragment of red deer, fallow deer and roe deer, respectively, and universal primers that amplify a 140bp fragment on the nuclear 18s rrna gene from eukaryotic dna. the c(t) (threshold cycle) ... | 2008 | 22062757 |
| authentication of meat from game and domestic species by snapshot minisequencing analysis. | the aim of the present study is to develop an assay for the specific identification of meat from capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra, targeting sequences of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of mitochondrial dna. the assay is also intended to enable differentiation between meat from these wild species as well as ovis aries, capra hircus, bubalus bubalis, bos taurus and sus scrofa domestic species. the primers used in the preliminary pcr were designed in well conserve ... | 2008 | 22063325 |
| cholesterol concentration and fatty acid profile of red deer (cervus elaphus) meat. | the effects of gender and age on intramuscular fat (imf) levels, cholesterol concentration, and fatty acid composition were investigated in the semitendinosus (st) and triceps brachii (tb) muscles of feral red deer (cervus elaphus). six stags of >2years of age, four hinds of 1year, and six calves of 6months were shot in slovenia. generally, all parameters measured were influenced by interaction of muscle and treatment group (hinds, stags and calves) at the 5% level or less. in st muscle, the imf ... | 2008 | 22063609 |
| cross-species tests of 45 microsatellite loci isolated from different species of ungulates in the iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) to generate a multiplex panel. | the iberian red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) is an emblematic game species in spain. to generate a battery of polymorphic markers for multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the spanish red deer, 45 loci isolated in different species of ungulates were tested. of the primers tested, 27 amplified but only 21 were polymorphic. eleven of these markers were subsequently optimized for multiplex in four polymerase chain reactions. this allows analysing several molecular markers jointly to substant ... | 2008 | 21586051 |
| microbiological quality of freshly shot game in germany. | in the framework of a project on the hygiene status of freshly shot game 289 samples were microbiologically analysed: 127 samples from wild boars, 95 from roe deer and 67 from red deer. the microbiological parameters evaluated were the mesophilic aerobic count (apc), which showed mean log10-counts of 2.6cfu/cm(2) for roe deer, 2.9cfu/cm(2) for red deer and 3.2cfu/cm(2) for wild boars and the numbers of enterobacteriaceae, which gave mean log10-values of 2.1cfu/cm(2) for all three species with di ... | 2008 | 22062460 |
| toxic (pb, cd, hg) and essential (fe, cu, zn, mn) metal content of liver tissue of some domestic and bush animals in ghana. | accumulation of toxic metals in liver, a rich natural source of essential elements, can present health risks to regular consumers of liver. a total of 35 fresh liver samples of cow, sheep, goat, pig, grass-cutter (thryonomys swinderianus), giant rat (cricetomys gambianus), red deer (cervus elaphus), chicken and antelope (antilocapra americana) were obtained from three different markets in accra and kumasi, ghana. samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and an automatic mercury ... | 2008 | 24784805 |
| shapes of differential pulse voltammograms and level of metallothionein at different animal species. | metallothioneins play a key role in maintaining homeostasis of essential metalsand in protecting of cells against metal toxicity as well as oxidative damaging. exceptinghumans, blood levels of metallothionein have not yet been reported from any animalspecies. blood plasma samples of 9 animal species were analysed by the adsorptive transferstripping technique to obtain species specific voltammograms. quite distinct records wereobtained from the takin (budorcas taxicolor), while other interesting ... | 2007 | 28903235 |
| using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition of herbivores: a novel mathematical approach. | n-alkanes are long-chain saturated hydrocarbons occurring in plant cuticles that can be used as chemical markers for estimating the diet composition of herbivores. an important constraint of using n-alkanes to estimate diet composition with currently employed mathematical procedures is that the number of markers must be equal or larger than the number of diet components. this is a considerable limitation when dealing with free-ranging herbivores feeding on complex plant communities. we present a ... | 2007 | 22444217 |
| identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) using polymerase chain reaction targeting specific sequences from the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on oligonucleotide primers targeting the mitochondrial 12s rrna gene was applied to the specific identification of meats from red deer (cervus elaphus), fallow deer (dama dama), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus). the use of a common reverse primer, together with forward specific primers for red deer, fallow deer, and roe deer, allowed the selective amplification of the desired cervid sequences. the specificity of each primer pair was verified by pcr analysi ... | 2007 | 22064291 |
| influence of hunting-season stage and ripening conditions on nitrogen fractions and degradation of myofibrillar proteins in venison (cervus elaphus) chorizo sausages. | the influence of hunting-season stage (deer hunted at the start versus deer hunted at the end of the season) and ripening conditions (natural versus controlled drying rooms) on nitrogen fractions and degradation of myofibrillar proteins were studied in chorizo sausages made with venison. variations of nitrogen fractions during 21 days of ripening were found. in all batches, myofibrillar protein content decreased and proteolysis indices were between 4.6% and 14.4% at the end of ripening. however, ... | 2007 | 22064193 |
| testing sexual segregation and aggregation: old ways are best. | the study of sexual segregation has received increasing attention over the last two decades. several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the existence of sexual segregation, such as the "predation risk hypothesis," the "forage selection hypothesis," and the "activity budget hypothesis." testing which hypothesis drives sexual segregation is hampered, however, by the lack of consensus regarding a formal measurement of sexual segregation. by using a derivation of the well-known chi-square (her ... | 2007 | 18229854 |
| distribution of cryptosporidium and giardia spp. in selected species of protected and game mammals from north-eastern poland. | cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. are wide-spread pathogens of humans and many species of mammals. the ways of transmission are very complex and difficult to define. both parasites occur in similar environments and share a broad host range. however, in poland there is still little known about the epidemiology of these parasites due to the paucity of data on human cases and only few studies in wildlife. the aim of our study was to determine the distribution of two intestinal protozoa in a few ... | 2007 | 18247463 |
| anthrax in red deer (cervus elaphus), italy. | 2007 | 18214198 | |
| reconciling divergent interpretations of quaking aspen decline on the northern colorado front range. | ecologists have debated over the past 65 years whether quaking aspen (populus tremuloides michx.) has or has not declined in abundance, vigor, or regeneration in western north america. many studies have provided divergent interpretations of the condition of aspen forests, leading to difficulty in translating this ecological information into management recommendations. to reconcile these contrasting conclusions and to test the hypothesis that multiple types of aspen decline and persistence occur ... | 2007 | 17708209 |
| intracellular signal transduction in mouse oocytes and irradiated early embryos. | in order to determine the effect of x-irradiation on intracellular signal transduction in mouse oocytes and embryos, jnk, erk and p38 kinase activities were measured by the state of phosphorylation of their respective substrates (c-jun, elk-1 and atf-2, respectively) in two mouse strains differing in radiation sensitivity, namely c57bl and balb/c. in a first step, control oocytes and embryos were compared for their respective kinase activities at various stages of oocyte maturation (germinal ves ... | 2007 | 17708350 |
| basic fibroblast growth factor activates the mapk and nfkappab pathways that converge on elk-1 to control production of matrix metalloproteinase-13 by human adult articular chondrocytes. | the pathology of joint destruction is associated with elevated production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (mmp-13). in osteoarthritic joint disease, expression of bfgf and mmp-13 in chondrocytes and their release into the synovial fluid are significantly increased. we have previously found that the capacity for cartilage repair in human adult articular chondrocytes is severely compromised by minimal exposure to bfgf because bfgf reduces responsiveness to ... | 2007 | 17724016 |
| equol, a metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein, inhibits neoplastic cell transformation by targeting the mek/erk/p90rsk/activator protein-1 pathway. | daidzein and genistein are isoflavones found in soybean. genistein is known to exhibit anticarcinogenic activities and inhibit tyrosine kinase activity. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventive activities of daidzein and its metabolite, equol, are not understood. here we report that equol inhibits 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced neoplastic transformation of jb6 p+ mouse epidermal cells by targeting the mek/erk/p90rsk/activator protein-1 signaling pat ... | 2007 | 17724030 |
| spatial regulation of raf kinase signaling by rktg. | subcellular compartmentalization has become an important theme in cell signaling such as spatial regulation of ras by rasgrp1 and mek/erk by sef. here, we report spatial regulation of raf kinase by rktg (raf kinase trapping to golgi). rktg is a seven-transmembrane protein localized at the golgi apparatus. rktg expression inhibits egf-stimulated erk and rsk phosphorylation, blocks ngf-mediated pc12 cell differentiation, and antagonizes ras- and raf-1-stimulated elk-1 transactivation. through inte ... | 2007 | 17724343 |
| comparative analysis of the activation of map/erk kinases in the cns of animals with different learning abilities. | western blot analysis was used to study the activation of map/erk protein kinases responsible for controlling gene expression via phosphorylation of transcription factors creb and elk-1 in native common snails and animals with impaired abilities to form long-term types of conditioned aversive reflexes. different periods of the formation of this reflex were found to be characterized by different levels of activation of map-erk kinases. the extents of activation of map-erk kinase cascade were diff ... | 2007 | 17763991 |
| outbreak of mycobacterium bovis infection in a wild animal park. | an outbreak of tuberculosis due to mycobacterium bovis occurred in a wild animal park. three pot-bellied pigs (sus scrofa vittatus), one red deer (cervus elaphus), one buffalo (bison bonasus) and two european lynxes (lynx lynx) were affected and showed clinical signs including weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes and paralysis of the hindlimbs. postmortem examinations revealed multifocal granulomatous lesions in various organs, including the lymph nodes, lungs, intestines, kidneys and the central n ... | 2007 | 17766809 |
| expanding the repertoire of an erk2 recruitment site: cysteine footprinting identifies the d-recruitment site as a mediator of ets-1 binding. | many substrates of erk2 contain a d-site, a sequence recognized by erk2 that is used to promote catalysis. despite lacking a canonical d-site, the substrate ets-1 is displaced from erk2 by peptides containing one. this suggests that ets-1 may contain a novel or cryptic d-site. to investigate this possibility a protein footprinting strategy was developed to elucidate erk2-ligand interactions. using this approach, single cysteine reporters were placed in the d-recruitment site (drs) of erk2 and th ... | 2007 | 17658891 |
| the anti-apoptotic protein pea-15 is a tight binding inhibitor of erk1 and erk2, which blocks docking interactions at the d-recruitment site. | pea-15 is a small anti-apoptotic protein that is enriched in astrocytes, but expressed in a broad range of tissues. it sequesters the protein kinases erk1 and 2 in the cytoplasm, thereby limiting their proximity to nuclear substrates. using a fluorescence anisotropy approach, pea-15 is shown to be a high-affinity ligand for both erk1 and 2, exhibiting a dissociation constant in the range of kd = 0.2-0.4 microm, regardless of their activation states. neither the phosphorylation of pea-15 (phospho ... | 2007 | 17658892 |
| the dispersal of vascular plants in a forest mosaic by a guild of mammalian herbivores. | endozochorous seed dispersal by herbivores can affect plant spatial dynamics and macroecological patterns. we have investigated the number and species composition of viable seeds deposited in faeces of a full guild of macroherbivores (four deer and two lagomorph species) in a forest in eastern britain. one hundred and one plant species germinated from faecal pellet material, 85 of which were among the 247 vascular plant species recorded in the forest. however, three species - chenopodium album, ... | 2007 | 17661087 |
| effect of time and temperature on prpcwd immunoreactivity as evidenced by western blot. | the protease-resistant infectious prion protein, prpres, that causes transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, is remarkably resistant to conventional physical and chemical sterilization methods, including heat. it was hypothesized that thermal-dependent prpres degradation has been underestimated, and the effect of prolonged incubation at 37 degrees c, 55 degrees c, and 80 degrees c on prpres detection was examined using brain homogenates from chronic wasting disease-affected elk and mule deer ... | 2007 | 17609348 |
| requirement for erk map kinase in mouse preimplantation development. | preimplantation development is a crucial step for successful implantation and pregnancy. although both compaction and blastocyst formation have been extensively studied, mechanisms regulating the early cell division stages before compaction have remained unclear. here, we show that extracellular signal regulated kinase (erk) mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase function is required for early embryonic cell division before compaction. our analysis demonstrates that inhibition of erk activation ... | 2007 | 17611221 |
| alteration of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway after soman poisoning. | the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and activated mapk transcription factors c-jun, c-myc, and elk-1 were investigated in rat enterocytes after sublethal poisoning with soman to study the pathogenetic mechanism of nonspecific long-term effects of nerve agents. wistar rats were poisoned by intramuscular administration of soman at a dose 60 microg x kg(-1) (70% ld(50)) and sacrificed by cervical dislocation 3 and 5 days after poisoning. control groups were administered physiologic sali ... | 2007 | 17613012 |
| oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles. | soil may serve as an environmental reservoir for prion infectivity and contribute to the horizontal transmission of prion diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies [tses]) of sheep, deer, and elk. tse infectivity can persist in soil for years, and we previously demonstrated that the disease-associated form of the prion protein binds to soil particles and prions adsorbed to the common soil mineral montmorillonite (mte) retain infectivity following intracerebral inoculation. here, we ass ... | 2007 | 17616973 |
| elk1 and srf transcription factors convey basal transcription and mediate glucose response via their binding sites in the human lxrb gene promoter. | the nuclear receptors lxralpha (nr1h3) and lxrbeta (nr1h2) are attractive drug targets for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease due to their established role as regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. a large body of literature has recently indicated their important roles in glucose metabolism and particularly lxrbeta is important for proper insulin production in pancreas. in this study, we report that glucose induces transcription via the lxrb gene promoter. the transcri ... | 2007 | 17626048 |
| epidemiological characteristics of an invading parasite: dicrocoelium dendriticum in sympatric wapiti and beef cattle in southern alberta, canada. | previous surveys of wild ungulates indicate that the liver fluke, dicrocoelium dendriticum, was rare in the cypress hills area of southeastern alberta. however, 41 of 59 wapiti (cervus elaphus) sampled during the 2003 and 2004 hunting seasons from this region were infected, with 7 hosts containing >1,000 worms. prevalence and mean intensity were similarly high in sympatric beef cattle and mule deer. worm abundance in wapiti was age related, with calves containing significantly higher numbers of ... | 2007 | 17626339 |
| water quality in headwater catchments with deer wallows. | the pastoral grazing of farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) is common in new zealand. however, red deer have a natural instinct to seek out water and wallow in it. often, in headwater catchments, they will create a wallow in a wet area connected to a waterway. aesthetically, wallowing areas can be unpleasant and give the impression they are significant sources of contaminants entering waterways. this paper aimed to quantify their contribution to loads of contaminants lost from three headwater catch ... | 2007 | 17636300 |
| sperm traits and male fertility in natural populations. | male fertility has seldom been studied in natural populations because it has been assumed that strong selection would result in uniformly high values among males, and therefore mating success has been equated with fertilisation success. in contrast, male fertility has received much attention in studies of domestic livestock, where economic benefits rely on improving productivity, and in human infertility studies, where the efficiency of treatments depends on understanding which ejaculate traits ... | 2007 | 17641085 |
| xy sperm separation and use in artificial insemination and other arts. | many tens of thousands of calves resulting from artificial insemination (ai) have been born worldwide after xy sperm separation and commercial production is underway in several countries. accuracy of sex selection is some 90% and can be achieved both in research facilities and at ai studs in rural locations. most facilities sort x- sperm which have also be utilised for superovulation and embryo transfer projects and for in vitro fertilisation (ivf) as well as ai. sort rates of some 15 x 10(6) sp ... | 2007 | 17644986 |
| morphometric and immunohistochemical study of the abomasum of red deer during prenatal development. | the red deer is well suited to scientific study, given its economic importance as an animal to be hunted, and because it has a rich genetic heritage. however, there has been little research into the prenatal development of the stomach of ruminants in general, and none for the red deer. for this reason, we undertook histological evaluation of the ontogenesis of the abomasum in red deer. histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out on 50 embryos and fetuses from the initial ... | 2007 | 17645454 |
| risk factors associated with the prevalence of tuberculosis-like lesions in fenced wild boar and red deer in south central spain. | in recent decades the management of large game mammals has become increasingly intensive in south central spain (scs), resulting in complex epidemiological scenarios for disease maintenance, and has probably impeded schemes to eradicate tuberculosis (tb) in domestic livestock. we conducted an analysis of risk factors which investigated associations between the pattern of tuberculosis-like lesions (tbl) in wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) across 19 hunting estates from scs and ... | 2007 | 17425933 |
| a qtl study of growth and body shape in the inter-species hybrid of père david's deer (elaphurus davidianus) and red deer (cervus elaphus). | an interspecies deer hybrid resource population developed from a cross of père david's and red deer was used to detect qtl that account for species differences. a genome scan, coupled with composite interval mapping, was conducted to search for qtl controlling body measurements at pre-pubescent age (6 months of age) and puberty (15 months of age) in this interspecies hybrid. five linkage groups that harbour qtl affecting morphology were identified. a joint-traits analysis was used to search for ... | 2007 | 17433011 |
| adsorption of pathogenic prion protein to quartz sand. | management responses to prion diseases of cattle, deer, and elk create a significant need for safe and effective disposal of infected carcasses and other materials. furthermore, soil may contribute to the horizontal transmission of sheep scrapie and cervid chronic wasting disease by serving as an environmental reservoirforthe infectious agent. as an initial step toward understanding prion mobility in porous materials such as soil and landfilled waste, the influence of ph and ionic strength (l) o ... | 2007 | 17438782 |
| transforming growth factor beta signaling via ras in mesenchymal cells requires p21-activated kinase 2 for extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent transcriptional responses. | transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta) signaling via smad proteins occurs in various cell types. however, whereas the biological response to tgf-beta can be as distinct as growth promoting (i.e., mesenchymal cells) versus growth inhibiting (i.e., epithelial cells), few discernible differences in tgf-beta signaling have been reported. in the current study, we examined the role of ras in the proliferative response to tgf-beta and how it might interface with smad-dependent and smad-independent ... | 2007 | 17440079 |
| differential extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 activation by the angiotensin type 1 receptor supports distinct phenotypes of cardiac myocytes. | the angiotensin ii (angii) type 1 receptor (at(1)r) is a seven-transmembrane receptor well established to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (erk1/2) by discrete g protein-dependent and beta-arrestin2-dependent pathways. the biological importance of this, however, remains obscure. application of the modified analogue [sar(1), ile(4), ile(8)]-angii ([sii] angii) allowed us to dissect the two pathways of erk1/2 activation in native cardiac myocytes. although cytosol-retained, ... | 2007 | 17448114 |
| chronic wasting disease of deer and elk in transgenic mice: oral transmission and pathobiology. | to study the pathogenesis of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in deer and elk, transgenic (tg) mice were generated that expressed the prion protein (prp) of deer containing a glycine at amino acid (aa) 96 and a serine at aa 225 under transcriptional control of the murine prp promoter. this construct was introduced into murine prp-deficient mice. as anticipated, neither non-tg mice nor prp ko mice were susceptible when inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) or orally with cwd brain material (scrapie pool ... | 2007 | 17451773 |
| accumulation of polonium 210po in tissues and organs of deer carvidae from northern poland. | this study was undertaken to provide information on accumulation of polonium in tissues and organs of deer carvidae in order to assess the potential transport of this element via food-chain to game meat consumers. livers, kidneys and muscles of large herbivorous animals belonging to three species: roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus) and fallow deer (dama dama), collected in northern poland, were the subject of the present investigation. activities of (210)po were determined ... | 2007 | 17454388 |
| apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest is mediated by modulation of mapk, pi3k-akt, and loss of cyclin d1 associated retinoblastoma dephosphorylation in human prostate cancer cells. | apigenin, a dietary plant-flavonoid has shown anti-proliferative and anticancer properties, however the molecular basis of this effect remains to be elucidated. we studied the molecular events of apigenin action in human prostate cancer cells. treatment of lncap and pc-3 cells with apigenin causes g0-g1 phase arrest, decrease in total rb protein and its phosphorylation at ser780 and ser807/811 in dose- and time-dependent fashion. apigenin treatment caused increased phosphorylation of erk1/2 and ... | 2007 | 17457054 |
| mortality in pennsylvania captive elk (cervus elaphus): 1998-2006. | the necropsy records of 65 elk ranging from 1 day to 13(1/2) years of age were reviewed to determine the primary cause of death of each animal. the animal carcasses were submitted from 22 separate pennsylvania elk farms over an approximately 8-year period. the most common causes of mortality in animals in which the cause of death was determined were gastrointestinal parasitism (21 cases), pneumonia (7 cases), enterocolitis (5 cases), malnutrition (5 cases), and rumenitis/acidosis (5 cases). the ... | 2007 | 17459871 |