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effects of environmental factors on natural reproduction of the four major chinese carps in the yangtze river, china.the four major chinese carps are commercially important fish species with high production in china. however, their recruitment decreased sharply in the yangtze river since the late 20(th) century. in the present study, to reveal the relationships between spawning activities of the four species and environmental factors, drifting eggs were collected at yidu city, in the middle reaches of the yangtze river, from may to july each year between 2005 and 2010. classification and regression trees (cart ...201323537240
high-confidence de novo peptide sequencing using positive charge derivatization and tandem ms spectra merging.de novo peptide sequencing holds great promise in discovering new protein sequences and modifications but has often been hindered by low success rate of mass spectra interpretation, mainly due to the diversity of fragment ion types and insufficient information for each ion series. here, we describe a novel methodology that combines highly efficient on-tip charge derivatization and tandem ms spectra merging, which greatly boosts the performance of interpretation. tmpp-ac-osu (succinimidyloxycarbo ...201323536960
genotoxicity and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium in cyprinus carpio after in vivo exposure.fish, being an important native of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to multipollution states and are therefore considered as model organisms for ecotoxicological studies of aquatic pollutants, including metal toxicity. we investigated oxidative stress (os) in liver, kidney and gill tissues through antioxidant enzyme activities and genotoxicity induced in whole blood and gill tissues through comet assay and micronucleus (mn) test in cyprinus carpio after 96-hour in vivo static exposure to potas ...201323534497
wrist and shoulder posture and muscle activity during touch-screen tablet use: effects of usage configuration, tablet type, and interacting hand.due to its rapid growth in popularity, there is an imminent need for ergonomic evaluation of the touch-screen tablet computing form-factor.201323531566
molecular cloning and characterization of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a genes and their response to 17α-methyltestosterone in pengze crucian carp.the proteins encoded by amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a play important roles in gonad differentiation. their functions have been far less studied in teleosts. in this study, the full-length cdnas of amh, dax1 and cyp19a1a were cloned and characterized in a triploid gynogenic fish, the pengze crucian carp. their expression profilings in juvenile development, adult tissues and juveniles exposed to 100 ng/l 17α-methyltestosterone (mt) were investigated. results showed that their putative proteins shared hig ...201323528270
slaf-seq: an efficient method of large-scale de novo snp discovery and genotyping using high-throughput sequencing.large-scale genotyping plays an important role in genetic association studies. it has provided new opportunities for gene discovery, especially when combined with high-throughput sequencing technologies. here, we report an efficient solution for large-scale genotyping. we call it specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq). slaf-seq technology has several distinguishing characteristics: i) deep sequencing to ensure genotyping accuracy; ii) reduced representation strategy to reduce se ...201323527008
soybean β-conglycinin induces inflammation and oxidation and causes dysfunction of intestinal digestion and absorption in fish.β-conglycinin has been identified as one of the major feed allergens. however, studies of β-conglycinin on fish are scarce. this study investigated the effects of β-conglycinin on the growth, digestive and absorptive ability, inflammatory response, oxidative status and gene expression of juvenile jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian) in vivo and their enterocytes in vitro. the results indicated that the specific growth rate (sgr), feed intake, and feed efficiency were reduced by β-conglycinin. i ...201323520488
carp head kidney leukocytes display different patterns of oxygen radical production after stimulation with pamps and damps.wound healing and tissue regeneration are essential mechanisms to ensure the survival and health of any organism. despite this, only a few studies have been devoted to study tissue regeneration during wound healing in fish. reactive oxygen species (ros), in particular hydrogen peroxide, play an important dual role both for promoting tissue repair, but also for eradication of pathogens. this study aims at dissecting the contribution of pamps (using β-glucan) and damps in the respiratory burst res ...201323517739
artificially-born "killer" lake: phytoplankton based water quality and microcystin affected fish in a reconstructed lake.lake karla (greece) is an example of a lake ecosystem which was dried in 1960's and now is restored, facing various anthropogenic pressures, whereas it is also listed in the network of greek protected areas in terms of its conservation value. the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of microcystins (mcyst) in the lake water and their accumulation in tissues of the commercial fish species cyprinus carpio, along with the highlighting of phytoplankton community and general l ...201323500405
a consensus linkage map of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to compare the distribution and variation of qtls associated with growth traits.the ability to detect and identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) in a single population is often limited. analyzing multiple populations in qtl analysis improves the power of detecting qtls and provides a better understanding of their functional allelic variation and distribution. in this study, a consensus map of the common carp was constructed, based on four populations, to compare the distribution and variation of qtls. the consensus map spans 2371.6 cm across the 42 linkage groups and compr ...201323483339
cloning, expression, and bioinformatics analysis of the sheep carp gene.the cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (carp) is a multifunctional protein that is expressed specifically in mammalian cardiac muscle and plays important roles in stress responses, transcriptional regulation, myofibrillar assembly, and the development of cardiac and skeletal muscle. in this study, the sheep homolog of the carp gene was cloned and characterized. the coding region of the gene consists of 960 bp and encodes 319 amino acids with molecular weight 36.2 kd. bioinformatics analysis demonstr ...201323475534
diclofenac-induced oxidative stress in brain, liver, gill and blood of common carp (cyprinus carpio).due to its analgesic properties, diclofenac (dcf) is one of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids). while residue from this pharmaceutical agent has been found in diverse water bodies in various countries, there is not enough information of its potential toxicity on aquatic organisms, particularly in species which are economically valuable due to their high consumption by humans, such as the common carp cyprinus carpio. this study aimed to evaluate potential dcf-in ...201323474065
oxidative stress in carp exposed to quinclorac herbicide under rice field condition.this study evaluated parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant profile in fish after herbicide exposure. cyprinus carpio were exposed to quinclorac (initial concentration 344.60μg/l) for 7, 30, and 90 days under rice field condition. thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars) were evaluated in brain, liver and muscle tissues, and protein carbonyl in liver. enzymatic parameters such as catalase (cat) and gluthatione s-transferase (gst) activities also were studied in liver. tbars levels ...201323474064
chitosan-nanoconjugated hormone nanoparticles for sustained surge of gonadotropins and enhanced reproductive output in female fish.a controlled release delivery system helps to overcome the problem of short life of the leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) in blood and avoids use of multiple injections to enhance reproductive efficacy. chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates of salmon lhrh of desired size, dispersity and zeta potential were synthesized and evaluated at half the dose rate against full dose of bare lhrh for their reproductive efficacy in the female fish, cyprinus carpio. whereas injections of both t ...201323468918
trophic interactions of the endangered southern river otter (lontra provocax) in a chilean ramsar wetland inferred from prey sampling, fecal analysis, and stable isotopes.non-invasive methodological approaches are highly recommended and commonly used to study the feeding ecology of elusive and threatened mammals. in this study, we use multiple lines of evidence to assess the feeding strategies of the endangered southern river otter, by determining seasonal prey availability (electrofishing), analysis of undigested prey remains (spraints), and the use of stable isotopes (δ(15)n and δ(13)c) in otter spraints (n = 262) and prey in a wetland ecosystem of southern chi ...201323467968
compositional characteristics of materials recovered from headed gutted silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by isoelectric solubilization and precipitation using organic acids.protein was recovered from headed gutted silver carp by isoelectric solubilization at ph 2.5, 3.0, 11.5, or 12.0 and precipitation (isp) at ph 5.5 using acetic (aa) or a 30% formic and lactic acid combination (f&l) and 10 n sodium hydroxide. total protein and fat recovery yields, proximate composition and mineral analyses of fractions were determined. protein and lipid recovery yields when solubilized under basic conditions were comparable to yields reported from other studies using hydrochloric ...201323458747
contamination of the river ganga and its toxic implication in the blood parameters of the major carp labeo rohita (ham).a field study was conducted to examine different physicochemical properties of water and various haematological and biochemical parametres of the fish labeo rohita collected from the ganga river (national river of india) at varanasi district, india. the water was found to be greatly contaminated with a number of dissolved metals (fe, cr, zn, cu, mn, ni and pb) whose concentrations were above the safe limits suggested by bureau of indian standard (bis 1991) for drinking water (fe, 1,353.33 %; cr, ...201323456946
comparative study of β-glucan induced respiratory burst measured by nitroblue tetrazolium assay and real-time luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the respiratory burst is an important feature of the immune system. the increase in cellular oxygen uptake that marks the initiation of the respiratory burst is followed by the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide which plays a role in the clearance of pathogens and tissue regeneration processes. therefore, the respiratory burst and associated ros constitute important indicators of fish health status. this paper compares two methods for quant ...201323454430
occurrence of endocrine disruption chemicals (bisphenol a, 4-nonylphenol, and octylphenol) in muscle and liver of, cyprinus carpino common, from anzali wetland, iran.phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals are environmental pollutants with xenostrogen effects in wildlife and humans. the aim of this study was to determine 4-nonylphenol, octylphenol, and bisphenol a residues in various tissues of carp fish samples from anzali wetland, iran. 4-np, op, and bpa were detected with gc-ms in the muscle of fish from sampling location with maximal concentrations of 8.17, 9.67 and 5.87 μg/gdw, respectively. the highest concentrations of these compounds were found in th ...201323429963
effect of phenol on ovarian secretion of 17β-estradiol in common carp cyprinus carpio.phenol is a common substance present in many industrial wastewaters and in nonspecific pesticides. due to its solubility and volatility phenol is often found in marine and freshwater environment. it is lipophilic compound and has a high potential for accumulating along the trophic chain. phenol thus is not only a threat to natural environment but also to human health. the effects of phenol on the secretion of 17β-estradiol were examined in female common carp cyprinus carpio. vitellogenic stage f ...201323423282
carp neutrophilic granulocytes form extracellular traps via ros-dependent and independent pathways.neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) have recently been described as an important innate defense mechanism that leads to immobilization and killing of invading pathogens. nets have been identified in several species, but the mechanisms involved in net formation and their role in infection have not been well determined yet. here we show that upon in vitro stimulation with different immunostimulants of bacterial, fungal or viral origin, carp neutrophilic granulocytes rapidly release net structure ...201323422817
gene transfer and mutagenesis mediated by sleeping beauty transposon in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).the success of gene transfer has been demonstrated in many of vertebrate species, whereas the efficiency of producing transgenic animals remains pretty low due to the random integration of foreign genes into a recipient genome. the sleeping beauty (sb) transposon is able to improve the efficiency of gene transfer in zebrafish and mouse, but its activity in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) has yet to be characterized. herein, we demonstrate the potential of using the sb transposon system as an eff ...201323417791
human consumption as an invasive species management strategy. a preliminary assessment of the marketing potential of invasive asian carp in the us.over the past 20 years, asian carp have invaded rivers and lakes in the midwest and southern united states, with large negative impacts, such as encroachment on the habitat of native fish and mass die-off. they also respond to boat motors by jumping out of the water, which can cause harm to boaters and fishermen. policymakers in the great lakes region between the us and canada are worried about possible expansion of the asian carp to their region and its effects on their fishing industry. a pote ...201323415978
effects of fluoride on liver apoptosis and bcl-2, bax protein expression in freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fish take up fluoride directly from water and are the target organisms for fluoride pollution in the aquatic ecosystems. this study was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress, histopathological changes, apoptosis and bcl-2, bax expression in the livers of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. our results showed that after 90 d of exposure, the inhibition of sod, gsh activities and a dose-dependent stimulation of mda levels in the liver tissues indicated that fluoride ...201323415306
modulation of antioxidant and detoxifying capacity in fish cyprinus carpio (cyprinidae) after treatment with nanocapsules containing lipoic acid.lipoic acid (la) is a water- and lipid-soluble molecule with capacity to pass through cell membranes and with several antioxidant properties. previous studies have shown that polymeric nanocapsules with la favor the protection of this antioxidant, increasing their physical and chemical stability compared to formulations containing free la. the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of free la and la-nanocapsules on antioxidant enzymes, the concentration of reduced glutathione ( ...201323402748
volume changes during the motility period of fish spermatozoa: interspecies differences.the aim of this study was to describe spermatozoa volume changes during the motility period of fish species with either osmotic (common carp cyprinus carpio) or with ionic (sterlet acipenseri ruthenus and brook trout salvelinus fontinalis) modes of motility activation. nephelometry, light microscopy, and spermatocrit methods were used for quantitative assessment of cell volume changes in media of different osmolalities. significant correlation (r(2) = 0.7341; p < 0.001) between parameter of volu ...201323394972
distribution and accumulation of elements (as, cu, fe, hg, mn, and zn) in tissues of fish species from different trophic levels in the danube river at the confluence with the sava river (serbia).pikeperch (sander lucioperca), european catfish (silurus glanis), common carp (cyprinus carpio), and gobies (neogobius gymnotrachelus, neogobius melanostomus) were collected from the danube river (belgrade section), and samples of liver, muscle, or whole-body composites (in the case of gobies) were analyzed for as, cu, fe, hg, mn, and zn with inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry to find out if there was a correlation between accumulation of these elements in predatory and prey species ...201323389858
tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fish take up fluoride directly from water and are susceptible to fluoride contamination of their environment. in this study, we examined the tissue distributions of fluoride and its toxicity in the gills of the common carp (cyprinus carpio) chronically exposed to fluoride. carp were exposed to a range of aqueous fluoride (35-124 mg/l) and sampled at 30, 60 and 90 days. the accumulation of fluoride in the tissues increased with the level and duration of exposure. steady state was not achieved und ...201323376696
hydroxylated pahs alter the synthesis of androgens and estrogens in subcellular fractions of carp gonads.four different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene) and their hydroxylated metabolites (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxy-phenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxychrysene) were investigated for their ability to alter the synthesis of steroids by testes and ovaries of the carp cyprinus carpio. parental compounds had no significant effect on c17,20-lyase (cyp17), cyp11β and 11β-hsd catalyzed activities, all of them involved in the synthesis of active androge ...201323376527
bioaccumulation and sub-acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles in juvenile carp (cyprinus carpio): a comparative study with its bulk counterparts.in this study, bioaccumulation and sub-acute toxicity of water-borne nano-zno in the test fish, juvenvile carp (cyprinus carpio) were evaluated. to clarify the contribution of particle size and free zn ion to nps toxicity, its bulk counterparts (bulk-zno) and the released zn(2+) were also tested. the results showed that after a 30-day exposure, 50mg/l of nano-zno and bulk-zno could be significantly accumulated and distributed in various tissues of fish, but nano-zno exhibited more hyper-bioaccum ...201323375439
accumulation and half-lives of 13 pesticides in muscle tissue of freshwater fishes through food exposure.fish are often exposed to various molecules like pesticides. some of these compounds get biomagnified within aquatic food web, inducing health hazards of consumers. however, behaviors of many pesticides are still unknown. this work aims to study the uptake and the elimination of some of them in muscle tissue of edible fish (azoxystrobin, clomazone, diflufenican, dimethachlor, carbendazim, iprodion, isoproturon, mesosulfuron-methyl, metazachlor, napropamid, quizalofop, and thifensulfuron-methyl). ...201323374295
melanocortin receptor 1 and black pigmentation in the japanese ornamental carp (cyprinus carpio var. koi).colors and their patterns are fascinating phenotypes with great importance for fitness under natural conditions. for this reason and because pigmentation is associated with diseases, much research was devoted to study the genetics of pigmentation in animals. considerable contribution to our understanding of color phenotypes was made by studies in domesticated animals that exhibit dazzling variation in color traits. koi strains, the ornamental variants of the common carp, are a striking example f ...201323355846
environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations of cadmium and zinc in coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas.cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) in surface water, sediment, carp, and crab samples collected from upstream and downstream regions of coastal watersheds along the chinese northern bohai and yellow seas were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding and assessment of their environmental concentrations and bioaccumulations. the results showed that downstream waters contaminated with zn would have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. although nearly all sediments were contaminated with cd due to ...201323354695
effects of growth hormone (gh) transgene and nutrition on growth and bone development in common carp.limited information is available on effects of growth hormone transgene and nutrition on growth and development of aquatic animals. here, we present a study to test these effects with growth-enhanced transgenic common carp under two nutritional conditions or feeding rations (i.e., 5% and 10% of fish body weight per day). compared with the nontransgenic fish, the growth rates of the transgenic fish increased significantly in both feeding rations. the shape of the pharyngeal bone was similar among ...201323744555
molecular characterization and expression analysis of tlr 7 and tlr 8 homologs in large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea).the two toll-like receptor (tlr) genes, lyctlr7 and lyctlr8, were cloned from large yellow croaker (pseudosciaena crocea), an economically important marine fish in china. the full-length cdnas of lyctlr7 and lyctlr8 are 3544 and 3593 bp, with an open reading frame (orf) of 3165 and 3093 bp, encoding 1053 and 1030 amino acids, respectively. the tlr family motifs, such as leucine rich repeat (lrr) and toll/interleukin (il)-1 receptor (tir) domain, are conserved in the lyctlr7 and lyctlr8, with 17 ...201323742866
gut microbiota contributes to the growth of fast-growing transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).gut microbiota has shown tight and coordinated connection with various functions of its host such as metabolism, immunity, energy utilization, and health maintenance. to gain insight into whether gut microbes affect the metabolism of fish, we employed fast-growing transgenic common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to study the connections between its large body feature and gut microbes. metagenome-based fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing on bacterial 16s rrna genes indicated that fish gut wa ...201323741344
effects of deltamethrin on biometric parameters and liver biomarkers in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of sublethal exposure to the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin, according to biometric parameters and important liver biomarkers in the common carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were exposed for 4, 15 and 30 days to deltamethrin mixed to the aquaria water at the concentrations of 0.08, 0.4 and 0.8μg/l. the exposure did not affect fish biometric parameters. glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity in liver (hepatopancreas) increased in fish exposed to t ...201323736096
bioconcentration of perfluorinated alkyl acids: how important is specific binding?perfluorinated alkyl acids (pfaas) are important global pollutants with unique pharmacokinetics. evidence is accumulating that their behavior within organisms is affected by interaction with a number of proteins. in mammals, serum albumin, fatty acid binding proteins (fabps) and organic anion transporters (oats) have been identified as important to the tissue distribution, species-specific accumulation, and species- and gender-specific elimination rates of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and perfluo ...201323734664
[sequences analysis of jlfabp2 and the correlation between polymorphisms and body weight gain in cyprinus carpio var. jian].two replicate intestine fatty acid binding protein genes (jlfabp2a and jlfabp2b) were cloned from cyprinus carpio var. jian using pcr. both orfs were 399 bp in length sharing 92.2% similarity with each other, and 88.0% and 90.5% with their counterpart in zebrafish, respectively. the gene structure of jlfabp2s was same as other fabps, which contained four exons and three introns. sequences and lengths of introns between 2a and 2b. were obviously different phylogenetic tree displayed that two jlfa ...201323732670
residual levels, tissue distribution and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in edible fishes from taihu lake, china.tissue distribution and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in edible fishes collected from taihu lake, cyprinus carpio (c. carpio) and ctenopharyngodon idellus (c. idellus), were studied. ocps were detected in all samples with hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs), aldrins (including aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, and endrin ketone), heptachlors (heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts) being the predominant compounds for both fish speci ...201323729160
toxic effects, bioconcentration and depuration of verapamil in the early life stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).verapamil is a pharmaceutical that belongs to a group of calcium channel blockers and is mainly used as a treatment of angina pectoris and arterial hypertension. verapamil has been detected in aquatic environments in concentrations ranging from ng l(-1) to μg l(-1). in the present study, a series of acute toxicity tests of verapamil on various developmental stages of common carp (cyprinus carpio) were conducted. as a result, 96hlc50 values of verapamil were estimated at 16.4±9.2, 7.3±1.5 and 4.8 ...201323727993
an evaluation of soybean lecithin as an alternative to avian egg yolk in the cryopreservation of fish sperm.plant-derived lecithin has been used as a more sanitary alternative to avian egg yolk in livestock sperm cryopreservation protocols but its efficacy for cryopreserving fish sperm has not previously been tested comparatively. here various concentrations of soybean lecithin were evaluated for the cryopreservation of carp (cyprinus carpio) sperm. sexually mature fish were induced to spermiation and ovulation with ovopel. the extenders were prepared by using 300 mm glucose, 10% dmso, supplemented wi ...201323727066
the co-effect of organic matrix from carp otolith and microenvironment on calcium carbonate mineralization.in vitro mineralization experiment is an effective way to study the effect of organic matrix on calcium carbonate crystallization, and to reveal the relationship between organic matrix and inorganic crystal in natural biominerals. in natural biominerals, organic matrix plays an important role in crystal formation and stability, together with microenvironment changes, they can affect crystal polymorph, morphology, density, size, orientation etc. in this work, we systematically studied the effects ...201323706232
a dense genetic linkage map for common carp and its integration with a bac-based physical map.common carp (cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquaculture species with an annual global production of 3.4 million metric tons. it is also an important ornamental species as well as an important model species for aquaculture research. to improve the economically important traits of this fish, a number of genomic resources and genetic tools have been developed, including several genetic maps and a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based physical map. however, integrated genetic an ...201323704958
immunomodulatory effect of cimetidine in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the main indication of cimetidine is being h₂-receptor antagonist, but studies suggest that cimetidine may also act as a non-specific stimulant of cell-mediated immunity and immunomodulator. in order to determine the immunomodulatory effect of dietary intake of cimetidine in the common carp (100 ± 10 g), subjects were fed diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200 mg cimetidine kg⁻¹ of dry diet for a period of 6 weeks. tlc and nbt assays were significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated in cimetidine- ...201323703690
effect of atrazine and chlorpyrifos exposure on cytochrome p450 contents and enzyme activities in common carp gills.chlorpyrifos (cpf) and atrazine (atr) are the most widely used organophosphate insecticides and triazine herbicides, respectively, worldwide. this study aimed at investigating the effects of atr, cpf and mixture on common carp gills following 40-d exposure and 40-d recovery experiments. cytochrome p450 content, activities of aminopyrine n-demethylase (apnd) and erythromycin n-demethylase (ernd) and the mrna levels of the cyp1 family (cyp1a, cyp1b, and cyp1c) were determined. in total, 220 common ...201323702303
recovery ability of common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a short-term exposure to terbuthylazine.effects of a high terbuthylazine concentration (3.3 mg/1) on cyprinus carpio were studied using a commercial herbicide formulation click 500 sc (terbuthylazine 500 g/l). the fish were exposed to the pesticide for 24 h and allowed to recover for 6 days. biometric parameters, plasma biochemical parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as histopathological changes in selected tissues were assessed on day 1 and 7. after a 24-h exposure, there were significant alterations found in the ac ...201323691571
study the seasonal steroid hormones of common carp in caspian sea, iran.in this investigation, serum steroid hormones such as testosterone (t), 17β-estradiol (e2) and progesterone (p) in 12 female of the migratory population of common carp (cyprinus carpio) in southeast of caspian sea during a year from may 2011 to may 2012 were studied. the results of present study revealed that changes in levels of steroid hormones, (e2) and (t) were closely correlated to ovarian development. there was significant difference in level of 17 β- estradiol between autumn and winter se ...201323687630
cloning of cytochrome p450 3a137 complementary dna in silver carp and expression induction by ionic liquid.cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes, especially cyp 3a, are responsible for metabolizing of various kinds of endogenous and exogenous compounds in animals. in the present study, a full-length sequence of cyp 3a137 cdna in silver carp was cloned and sequenced, and then a phylogenetic tree of cyp 3a was structured. additionally, the acute toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([c8mim]br) on silver carp and transcription and microsome enzyme activity of cyp 3a137 in the liver o ...201323683867
evaluation of the effects of tricaine methanesulfonate on retinal structure and function in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).to determine whether repeated exposure to clinically relevant concentrations of tricaine methanesulfonate (ms-222) would alter retinal function or induce histologically detectable retinal lesions in koi carp (cyprinus carpio).201323683025
detoxification of jatropha curcas kernel cake by a novel streptomyces fimicarius strain.a huge amount of kernel cake, which contains a variety of toxins including phorbol esters (tumor promoters), is projected to be generated yearly in the near future by the jatropha biodiesel industry. we showed that the kernel cake strongly inhibited plant seed germination and root growth and was highly toxic to carp fingerlings, even though phorbol esters were undetectable by hplc. therefore it must be detoxified before disposal to the environment. a mathematic model was established to estimate ...201323792974
evaluation of food chain transfer of the antibiotic oxytetracycline and human risk assessment.there has been recent concern regarding the possibility of antibiotics entering the aquatic food chain and impacting human consumers. this work reports experimental results of the bioconcentration of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc) by the asian watermeal plant (wolffia globosa hartog & plas) and bioaccumulation of otc in watermeal and water by the seven-striped carp (probarbus jullieni). they show, for the first time, the extent to which otc is able to transfer from water to plant to fish a ...201323790827
β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. a number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. the aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. throughout a ...201323770625
toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on lysozyme activities, the contents of complement c3 and igm, and igm and complement c3 expressions in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).chlorpyrifos is one of the organophosphate pesticides widely used in agricultural practices throughout world. it has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. in the present study, toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on lysozyme activities, contents of igm and complement c3, and the expressions of igm and complement c3 at mrna level in common carp were evaluated by acute exposure of 15 (1/10 lc50) or 75μgl(-1) ...201323769463
cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and regulated by pth.bone mass is dependent on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and life-span of osteoblasts. parathyroid hormone (pth) controls osteoblast cell cycle regulatory proteins and suppresses mature osteoblasts apoptosis. intermittent administration of pth increases bone mass but the mechanism of action are complex and incompletely understood. cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (carp)-1 (aka ccar1) is a novel transducer of signaling by diverse agents including cell growth and differentiat ...201323764399
transgenic common carp do not have the ability to expand populations.the ecological safety of transgenic organisms is an important issue of international public and political concern. the assessment of ecological risks is also crucial for realizing the beneficial industrial application of transgenic organisms. in this study, reproduction of common carp (cyprinus carpio, cc) in isolated natural aquatic environments was analyzed. using the method of paternity testing, a comparative analysis was conducted on the structure of an offspring population of "all-fish" gro ...201323762383
effects of fluoride on growth, body composition, and serum biochemical profile in a freshwater teleost, cyprinus carpio.fluoride is ubiquitously distributed in natural waters. elevated fluoride may cause histopathological changes and induce oxidative stress in the gills of the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the present study further evaluates the effects of fluoride on growth performance, body composition, and biochemical measurements of c. carpio. the results showed that food intake, growth, serum osmolality, body composition, and biochemical measures in the blood were affected by fluoride. weight gain rate and ...201323761139
bulgarian marine and freshwater fishes as a source of fat-soluble vitamins for a healthy human diet.the aim of the present study evaluates the fat-soluble vitamins all-trans retinol (vitamin a), cholecalciferol (vitamin d₃) and α-tocopherol (vitamin e) content in the fresh edible tissue of bulgarian fish species: marine-grey mullet (mugil cephalus) and bonito (sarda sarda), and freshwater-rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). the sample preparation procedure includes alkaline saponification, followed by liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane. all-trans retinol, ...201328239118
the relationship of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage with blood aluminum levels and oxidative stress induced by this metal in common carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes.aluminum is one of the most abundant elements in nature and is used in diverse industrial processes. as a result, it contaminates aquatic ecosystems, inducing damage on associated biota. in fish, it has been observed to induce hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory arrest. although there is little information on al-induced cytotoxicity and dna damage, this type of studies are essential in order to identify the mechanisms of action of this metal. the cytotoxic and genotoxic effe ...201323856122
heavy metals contamination in water and three species of most consumed fish sampled from caspian sea, 2011.the present study is an attempt to evaluate the heavy metal contamination in the marine environment of the caspian sea of iran. the concentrations of zinc, chromium, cadmium, and lead were measured in water and dorsal muscle of fish sampled from 10 selected stations along gorgan coast using atomic absorption spectrophotometry during summer of 2011. the average concentrations of lead in water and fish samples (115.29 ± 14.78 and 113.23 ± 27.01 μg/l) were significantly higher than that of cadmium ...201323842607
the effect of prolonged exercise training on swimming performance and the underlying biochemical mechanisms in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).to investigate the effect of prolonged exercise training on swimming performance and the underlying biochemical mechanisms in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio), we measured the critical swimming speed (ucrit), the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (epoc), the activity of red and white muscle enzymes [pyruvate kinase (pk), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) and citrate synthase (cs)], the tissue substrates (glycogen and glucose content of muscle and liver) and metabolite (the lactate content ...201323838144
production of oocytes of nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) for in vitro fertilization via hormonal treatments.only a few studies have described hormonal treatments for induction of synchronicity and gamete collection in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus), both important for assortative matings in breeding programmes and essential for polyploidy technologies. in this study, we compared the effectiveness of carp pituitary extract (cpe), nile tilapia pituitary extract (tpe), human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) protocols on the induction of spawning and egg product ...201323834584
impact of the introduction of drug eluting stents on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous and surgical coronary artery revascularisation procedures in western australia.increasing rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) and decreasing rates of coronary artery bypass graft (cabg) surgery followed the introduction of drug eluting stents in western australia in 2002. we assessed the impact of these changes on one-year outcomes for the total population of patients undergoing coronary artery revascularisation procedures (carp) in western australia between 2000-2004.201323826870
carp-1 functional mimetics: a novel class of small molecule inhibitors of medulloblastoma cell growth.medulloblastomas (mbs) constitute an aggressive class of intracranial pediatric tumors. current multimodality treatments for mbs include surgery, ionizing radiation, and chemotherapy. toxic side effects of therapies coupled with high incidence of recurrence and the metastatic spread warrant development of more effective, less toxic therapies for this disease. carp-1/ccar1 is a peri-nuclear phospho-protein that is a co-activator of the cell cycle regulatory anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (a ...201323826121
phenotypic changes in cyprinus carpiovar var. jian introduced by sperm-mediated transgenesis of rearranged homologous dna fragments.common carp, specifically the jian variety (cyprinus carpiovar var. jian), is an important chinese and global aquatic stock for commercial foodstuff. homologous recombination of carp gene sequences has been widely used in population genetics to broadly screen for beneficial phenotypical variations, thus optimizing artificially engineered carp stocks with jian variety and native stock varieties. random rearrangement of homologous dna fragments from parent specimens of c. carpiovar var. jian were ...201323824532
analysis of fishing activity in the itá reservoir, upper uruguay river, in the period 2004-2009.this study characterized fishing activity in the reservoir of the hydroelectric power plant of itá in brazil. the reservoir is located in the upper uruguay river, which forms the border between the states of santa catarina and rio grande do sul. to analyze fishing activity and the composition of ichthyofauna in the reservoir after damming, questionnaires were administered to fishermen in the region between 2004 and 2009. the results showed that fishing in the itá reservoir can be classified as a ...201324212697
jacobsen syndrome without thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.jacobsen syndrome (js), a rare disorder with multiple dysmorphic features, is caused by the terminal deletion of chromosome 11q. typical features include mild to moderate psychomotor retardation, trigonocephaly, facial dysmorphism, cardiac defects, and thrombocytopenia, though none of these features are invariably present. the estimated occurrence of js is about 1/100,000 births. the female/male ratio is 2:1. the patient admitted to our clinic at 3.5 years of age with a cardiac murmur and facial ...201324192682
identifying individual common carp cyprinus carpio using scale pattern.volunteers were able to match photographs of the same common carp cyprinus carpio taken on two occasions. images were identified correctly on 95·76% of occasions. thus, scale patterns can be used for non-invasive identification of c. carpio over a period of time.201324131343
organochlorine pesticides in fish from taihu lake, china, and associated human health risk assessment.because contaminants and nutrients always coexist in fish, the risk from contaminants and the benefit from nutrients, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) are also concomitant via fish consumption. to investigate the risk and benefit via fish consumption, concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (ddts), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (hchs) in the whole- and portion-muscles of fish from taihu lake, china, were measured. based on the contamin ...201324125867
the role of cctpt1 in scale and early embryo development in common carp (cyprinus carpio, cyprinidae).the full length cdna sequence of the tpt1/tctp (tumor protein, translationally-controlled1) gene was identified from common carp (cyprinus carpio, cyprinidae), and was designated as cctpt1 gene. the cds is 510 bp and encodes a 170-amino acid peptide with a typical tpt1 signature 2 domain, and is a typical tpt1 protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of tpt1 shared significant identity with the tpt1 from other animals. a phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the common carp tpt1 protein has t ...201324122620
autotransplantation of immature third molars using a computer-aided rapid prototyping model: a report of 4 cases.autotransplantation of immature teeth can be an option for premature tooth loss in young patients as an alternative to immediately replacing teeth with fixed or implant-supported prostheses. the present case series reports 4 successful autotransplantation cases using computer-aided rapid prototyping (carp) models with immature third molars.201324139275
use of biometric, hematologic, and plasma biochemical variables, and histopathology to assess the chronic effects of the herbicide prometryn on common carp.effects of acute and subchronic exposure of fish to s-triazine herbicides have been well documented, but data on the effects of prometryn on blood analytes in carp at environmentally realistic concentrations are lacking.201324138459
genomic and expression analysis of a solute carrier protein (ccslc25a5) gene from cyprinus carpio linnaeus.using the genefishing method, we identified seven potential regulatory genes involved in the process of scale morphogenesis in fishes. we further characterized a novel solute carrier protein gene (ccslc), from the common carp which is differentially expressed in mirror carp and jianli. the orf encodes a peptide of 298 amino acids with a molecular mass of 31.5 kda and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.49. scanprosite analysis indicated that it is a putative solute carrier protein that contains ...201324133640
tissue-specific bioconcentration of the synthetic steroid hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate in the common carp (cyprinus carpio).the steroid hormone medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa), commonly used in oral and injectable contraceptives, has been detected in surface and wastewaters near urban and agricultural areas in several rivers of the world. the objectives of this study were to examine the accumulative potential and tissue distribution of mpa in fish. a freshwater species, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), was exposed to 100 μg/l of mpa for a 7-day period followed by a depuration phase in which fish were maintained i ...201324161818
protective effect of lycopene on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cyprinus carpio during cypermethrin exposure.the aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative properties of lycopene against the toxic effects of cypermethrin (cyp) by examining oxidative damage markers such as lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant defense system components in carp (cyprinus carpio). the fish were divided into seven groups of 10 fish each and received the following treatments: group 1, no treatment; group 2, orally administered corn oil; group 3, oral lycopene (10 mg/kg body weight); group 4, exposure to 0.202 μg ...201324150867
effect of chronic exposure to prometryne on oxidative stress and antioxidant response in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the effects of the triazine herbicide prometryne, commonly present in surface and ground waters, on oxidative stress and antioxidant status of common carp (cyprinus carpio) were investigated. fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of prometryne (0.51, 8, and 80μg/l) for 14, 30, and 60 days. activity of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione reductase (gr), as well as levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbarss) were assessed in brain, gill, intestine, li ...201324238285
retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma in a common carp cyprinus carpio: a case report.a 7.5 kg common carp cyprinus carpio presented with prominent localized swelling in the caudal right coelomic area, identified by ultrasound as a fluid filled mass. fine needle aspirate (fna) and culture results suggested a sterile seroma. centesis removed 290 ml of serosanguinous fluid that returned within days. recheck ultrasonography revealed a solid component within the cavity. radiography demonstrated irregular lysis and misalignment of vertebrae adjacent to the mass, most suggestive of bac ...201324334357
substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the aldehyde-alcohol redox-coupling reaction in carp cones.our previous study suggested the presence of a novel cone-specific redox reaction that generates 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol in the carp retina. this reaction is unique in that 1) both 11-cis-retinol and all-trans-retinal were required to produce 11-cis-retinal; 2) together with 11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinol was produced at a 1:1 ratio; and 3) the addition of enzyme cofactors such as nadp(h) was not necessary. this reaction is probably part of the reactions in a cone-specific retinoid ...201324217249
the effect of oyster mushroom β-1.3/1.6-d-glucan and oxytetracycline antibiotic on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of micronized β-1.3/1.6-d-glucan (bg) derived from the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus hiratake and tetracycline antibiotic oxytetracycline (otc) on biometrical, haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, and histopathological changes in tissues of one- to two-year-old common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the fish tested were divided into five experimental groups and one control. carp in the control group were fed commercial carp feed ...201324041844
voluntary timing of food intake increases weight gain and reduces basal plasma cortisol levels in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).we investigated the effect of timing of food intake on growth in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). juvenile carp were demand-fed for 22 days using a computerized pendulum feeder that registered meal requests. controls were pair-fed at 10:00 h, both groups were kept at 12l:12d (lights on at 06:30 h). demand-fed fish displayed highest food intake at 22:00 h, and the lowest at 10:00. after 22 days, demand-fed fish had grown by 20% of their initial body weight, compared to 4% of the pair-fed control ...201324041723
morphological and phylogenetic analysis of echinocephalus carpiae n. sp. (nematoda: gnathostomatidae) infecting the common carp cyprinus carpio inhabiting burullus lake--a new host record in egypt.the present study described a new species of the genus echinocephalus that was isolated from the intestine of the common carp cyprinus carpio inhabiting burullus lake, kafr el-sheikh governorate, egypt. thirty-two out of 70 examined specimens (45.71 %) were found to be naturally infected. the adult male worms were elongated and measured 0.79-0.85 mm (0.81 ± 0.02) in length and 0.21-0.32 mm (0.28 ± 0.002) in width, while females reached 0.89-0.98 mm (0.9 ± 0.02) long and 0.25-0.38 mm (0.28 ± 0.00 ...201324008982
mercury concentrations in common carp (cyprinus carpio) in lake chapala, mexico: a lakewide survey.previous studies, based on limited data, found elevated levels of mercury in carp in lake chapala, mexico. the extent of mercury contamination in carp throughout the lake has not been determined. in order to obtain reliable information about total mercury concentration in carp (cyprinus carpio), 262 fish from 27 sites (approximately 10 fish per site) throughout the lake were analyzed. results were expressed as the mean and median of the results at each site. only one of the samples exceeded mexi ...201324007438
comparative analgesic efficacy of morphine sulfate and butorphanol tartrate in koi (cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy.to identify pain-related behaviors and assess the effects of butorphanol tartrate and morphine sulfate in koi (cyprinus carpio) undergoing unilateral gonadectomy. design-prospective study.201324004238
compensatory responses in common carp (cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: additional effects of feeding and exercise.ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. the toxic effects of ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and swimming. in this study, we wanted to examine these modulating effects in common carp (cyprinus carpio). fish were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (unfed for seven days prior to the sampling), and swimming at a sustainable, routine swimming speed or swum to exhaustion, while being exposed chronically (up to 28 days) ...201324001429
heavy metal and trace element bioaccumulation in target tissues of four edible fish species from the danube river (serbia).pikeperch (sander lucioperca), european catfish (silurus glanis), burbot (lota lota), and common carp (cyprinus carpio) were collected from the danube river (belgrade section, serbia), and samples of liver, muscle, and gills were analyzed for al, as, b, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, li, mn, mo, ni, pb, se, sr, and zn using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (icp-oes) to highlight the importance of species and tissue selection in monitoring research, contaminant studies, and h ...201324054751
evaluation of direct analysis in real time ionization-mass spectrometry (dart-ms) in fish metabolomics aimed to assess the response to dietary supplementation.ambient mass spectrometry employing a direct analysis in real time (dart) ion source coupled to a medium high-resolution/accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (tofms) was used as a rapid tool for metabolomic fingerprinting to study the effects of supplemental feeding with cereals (triticale) on the composition of muscle metabolites of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). first, the sample extraction and dart-tofms instrumental conditions were optimized to obtain the broadest possible repre ...201324054590
effects of subchronic exposure to phosalone on oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in common carp (cyprinus carpio, l., 1758).in this study, possible oxidative stress, biomarkers, and histopathological alterations were investigated in common carp (cyprinus carpio, l., 1758) that were exposed to various phosalone concentrations in vivo. fish were exposed to 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg/l phosalone concentrations in a semistatic regime for 14 d. biomarkers, including na(+), k(+)-atpase, reduced glutathione (gsh), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (tbars), and histopathological changes, were determined in gills, liver, and ...201324053362
assessment of global proteome dynamics in carp: a model for investigating environmental stress.fish have to respond to a range of natural and man-made environmental stressors, which can lead to molecular changes within their tissues. many studies focused on environmental stress in fish have examined the change in protein abundance or mrna level. however, it is well-known that there is a disconnect between mrna and protein expression. in order to bridge this gap, protein turnover must also be considered. we have developed an experimental strategy to determine the synthesis rates of individ ...201324047415
different phosphorylation rates among vertebrate cone visual pigments with different spectral sensitivities.cone photoreceptor subtypes having different spectral sensitivities exhibit different recovery kinetics in their photoresponses in some vertebrates. phosphorylation by g protein-coupled receptor kinase (grk) is essential for the rapid inactivation of light-activated visual pigment, which is the rate-limiting step of the cone photoresponse recovery in salamander. in this study we compared the rate of light-dependent phosphorylation by grk7 of carp green- and blue-sensitive cone visual pigments. b ...201324113380
assessing acute toxicity potential of persulfate isco treated water.persulfate anion (s2o8(2-)), a widely used in situ chemical oxidation agent, is increasingly applied for environmental remediation. however, limited information on environmental and toxicological effects is available for the evaluation of the environmental risk of exposure to s2o8(2-), particularly after its application. in this study, the acute toxic effects on the common carp (cyprinus carpio) were employed as a model to investigate s2o8(2-), sulfate ion (decomposition product of s2o8(2-)), hy ...201324099898
optimization of recovery patterns in common carp exposed to roundup using response surface methodology: evaluation of neurotoxicity and genotoxicity effects and biochemical parameters.the present study is the first report on optimization of recovery conditions of fishes exposed to pesticides using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (rsm-ccrd). the sub-lethal toxicity bioassay of roundup® (2 ppm ~10 percent lc₅₀, 96 h) in common carp (1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 35 and 40 day) was investigated. after exposure for 16 days to roundup®, some the fishes were introduced to herbicide-free water. the effects of four recovery parameters including time (5-25 d), tempe ...201324094415
effect of a glyphosate-based herbicide in cyprinus carpio: assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity, hematological responses and serum biochemical parameters.the objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity effects of acute and sublethal of roundup® as a glyphosate-based herbicide on acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and several hematological and biochemical parameters of cyprinus carpio. the lc₅₀-96 h of roundup® to c. carpio was found to be 22.19 ppm. common carp was subjected to roundup® at 0 (control), 3.5, 7 and 14 ppm for 16 days, and the ache activity is verified in tissues of gill, muscle, brain and liver. after 5 days, a signif ...201324075644
identification of multipath genes differentially expressed in pathway-targeted microarrays in zebrafish infected and surviving spring viremia carp virus (svcv) suggest preventive drug candidates.spring viremia carp virus (svcv) is a rhabdovirus seasonally affecting warm-water cyprinid fish farming causing high impacts in worldwide economy. because of the lack of effective preventive treatments, the identification of multipath genes involved in svcv infection might be an alternative to explore the possibilities of using drugs for seasonal prevention of this fish disease. because the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a cyprinid susceptible to svcv and their genetics and genome sequence are well ...201324069208
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of multiple leptin genes in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian).three leptin genes (jllep-a1, jllep-a2 and jllep-b) were cloned and characterized in jian carp (cyprinus carpio var. jian), with a highly conserved organization encoded by two exons and one intron. jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 contained 93 and 102bp introns, respectively, encoding a 171-amino acid protein. jllep-b contained a 687bp intron encoding a 168-aa protein. jllep-a1 and jllep-a2 shared 82.5% identity, but only 29.2% and 28.6% with jllep-b, respectively. jllep-a1, jllep-a2, and jllep-b were expr ...201323959260
molecular cloning, immunohistochemical localization, characterization and expression analysis of caspase-9 from the purse red common carp (cyprinus carpio) exposed to cadmium.caspase-9, the essential initiator caspase is believed to play a central role in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling. in this study, we isolated the caspase-9 gene from common carp, one of the most important industrial aquatic animals in china using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the deduced amino acid sequence of caspase-9, composed of 436 amino acids, showed approximately 47.6% identity and 64.7% similarity to human caspase-9. it also possessed a conserved caspase-associated re ...201323958785
accessory molecules for toll-like receptors in teleost fish. identification of tlr4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats (tril).the biosynthesis and activation of toll-like receptors (tlrs) requires accessory proteins. in mammals, a number of accessory proteins have been characterized, that can be classified based on their function as ligand-recognition and delivery cofactors, chaperones and trafficking proteins. we identified the homologs in teleost fish genomes of mammalian accessory molecules and show their expression in transcriptome data sets. further, we annotate in detail tlr4 interactor with leucine-rich repeats ...201323958499
cadmium triggers kidney cell apoptosis of purse red common carp (cyprinus carpio) without caspase-8 activation.caspase-8, the essential initiator caspase, is believed to play a pivotal role in death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway. it also participates in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via cleavage of proapoptotic bid in mammals. however, its role in fish remains elusive in cadmium-induced apoptotic pathway. in this study, we isolated the caspase-8 gene from common carp, one of the most important industrial aquatic animals in china using rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the deduced amino aci ...201323954723
accumulation, histopathological effects and response of biochemical markers in the spleens and head kidneys of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos.this study assessed the impacts of atrazine (atr), chlorpyrifos (cpf) and combined atr/cpf exposure on the immune organs of common carp (cyprinus carpio l.). the carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to cpf and atr, individually or in combination, followed by a 20-d recovery to measure the acid phosphatase (acp), alkaline phosphatase (alp), na(+)/k(+)-atpase, superoxide dismutase (sod) and malondialdehyde (mda) content. in addition, we also investigated histopathological changes and pesticide ...201323994085
anticarbamylated protein (anti-carp) antibodies are present in sera of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia) patients. 201323873877
assessment of surface water in the vicinity of fertilizer factory using fish and plants.the genotoxic and toxic potential of polluted surface water exposed to a fertilizer factory effluent was evaluated using assays with fish (cyprinus carpio) and plant (lemna minor) model organisms. beside classical physicochemical parameters, the contents of fluorides, some heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed as well. surface water caused inhibition of plant growth and decrease of photosynthetic pigment content. regarding dna damage and oxidative stress parameters, bot ...201323871567
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