Publications

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design, synthesis and in vitro antiprotozoal activity of benzimidazole-pentamidine hybrids.a series of ten novel hybrids from benzimidazole and pentamidine were prepared using a short synthetic route. each compound was tested in vitro against the protozoa trichomonas vaginalis, giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica, leishmania mexicana, and plasmodium berghei, in comparison with pentamidine and metronidazole. some analogues showed high bioactivity in the low micromolar range (ic(50)<1 microm) against the first four protozoa, which make them significantly more potent than either stand ...200818486471
acanthamoeba castellanii: identification and distribution of actin cytoskeleton.the presence of the cytoskeleton of acanthamoeba castellanii was observed by means of cryo-electronmicroscopy and immunofluorescence techniques. this structure is formed largely by fibers and networks of actin located mainly in cytoplasmic locomotion structures as lamellipodia and as well as in various endocytic structures. in addition, the comparison between total actin content in whole extracts among different amoebae was made. the molecular weight of actin in a. castellanii was 44 kda, and 45 ...200818486940
clinical and serological evidence of toxocara infection in school children from morrope district, lambayeque, peru.the aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of human toxocariosis in a child population from morrope district, lambayeque, peru. from october to december 2005, 182 school children (96 male and 86 female) were studied. blood samples were collected for toxocara elisa-igg test and hematological examination. additionally, stool samples were collected for coproparasitological examination to check cross reactions. we found frequency of positives in 32.4% (59/182) with a significant higher prop ...200818488089
molecular modeling and docking analysis of entamoeba histolytica glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, a potential target enzyme for anti-protozoal drug development.the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway constitute an excellent target for the design of new anti-protozoal agents; glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (gap) into d-glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate (1,3-dipg) in the presence of nad+ and inorganic phosphate (p(i)). the prediction of three-dimensional structure of entamoeba histolytica and the docking of the coumarins were performed using the crystal structure of glyce ...200818489439
seroprevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted disease among adults with recently diagnosed hiv infection in southern taiwan, 2000-2005: upsurge in hepatitis c virus infections among injection drug users.the purpose of this study was to compare the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted disease (std) co-infections among three populations at risk recently diagnosed with hiv infection.200818492625
epigenetic transcriptional gene silencing in entamoeba histolytica.the human intestinal pathogen entamoeba histolytica has a number of virulence factors which can cause damage to the host. transcriptional silencing of the gene coding for one of its major toxic molecules, the amoebapore (ehap-a), occurred following the transfection of amoebic trophozoites with a plasmid containing the 5' promoter region of ehap-a as well as a truncated segment of a neighboring, upstream sine1 element that is transcribed from the opposite strand. silencing was dependent on the pr ...200818493998
protein ser/thr phosphatases of parasitic protozoa.protein phosphorylation is an important mechanism implicated in physiology of any organism, including parasitic protozoa. enzymes that control protein phosphorylation (kinases and phosphatases) are considered promising targets for drug development. this review attempts to provide the first account of the current understanding of the structure, regulation and biological functions of protein ser/thr phosphatases in unicellular parasites. we have examined the complements of phosphatases ("phosphato ...200818619495
the risk of pathogenic intestinal parasite infections in kisii municipality, kenya.intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common infections worldwide. various epidemiological studies indicate that the prevalence of intestinal parasites is high especially in developing countries, although in many of these, the environmental risk factors have not been clearly elucidated. the objective of this study was to determine the risk of pathogenic intestinal parasites infections in kisii municipality.200818620608
amoebiasis among patrons visiting gay saunas in taiwan.this study aimed to assess the prevalence of amoebiasis among patrons visiting gay saunas in taiwan.200818624723
ehhmbp45 is a novel hemoglobin-binding protein identified in entamoeba histolytica.hemoglobin-binding proteins are necessary for pathogens to obtain iron from hb. entamoeba histolytica can grow using hb as source of iron, but the underlying mechanism has not previously been established. in this work, we identified a 45 kda hb-binding protein of e. histolytica, which we named ehhmbp45. in silico analysis showed that ehhmbp45 contains the conserved domains needed for hb-binding, while overlay assays demonstrated that ehhmbp45 is able to bind hb. in addition, we found that ehhmbp ...200818625230
amebic liver abscess in a patient with polycystic disease. 200818626440
extracellular alix regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesions and extracellular matrix assembly.alix (alg-2-interacting protein x), a cytoplasmic adaptor protein involved in endosomal sorting and actin cytoskeleton assembly, is required for the maintenance of fibroblast morphology. as alix has sequence similarity to adhesin in entamoeba histolytica, and we observed that alix is secreted, we determined whether extracellular alix affects fibroblast morphology. here, we demonstrate that secreted alix is deposited on the substratum of non-immortalized wi38 fibroblasts. antibody binding to extr ...200818636094
enteric parasitic infections in hiv/aids patients before and after the highly active antiretroviral therapy.enteroparasites are related to gastrointestinal alterations among patients with hiv/aids, some causing severe manifestations in the period before the institution of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). the prevalence of enteroparasitoses in patients with hiv/aids seen at two hospitals in ceará , brazil, was compared in the pre-haart (group 1; n = 482) and haart (group 2; n = 100) eras. fecal parasitologic examinations (fpe) were performed using the direct, lutz, baermann-moraes and ...200818641847
primary cutaneous amebiasis with a fatal outcome.we report a fatal case of disseminated amebiasis in a young african woman, which initially presented with an ulcerated cutaneous lesion on the left flank. the causative organism was confirmed by examination of a wet drop preparation from the ulcer discharge and by skin biopsy. the patient was not immunosuppressed and was treated unsuccessfully with metronidazole. postmortem examination revealed the presence of intestinal amebiasis complicated by a liver abscess.200818645316
[the prevalence of intestinal parasites according to the distribution of the patients' gender and parasite species for five years at the osmangazi university medical faculty].in this study, patients (outpatients and inpatients) with various gastrointestinal system complaints presenting at various clinics of the eskisehir osmangazi university medical faculty, from february 2003-december 2007 were investigated for the presence of intestinal parasites. the prevalence of intestinal parasites was evaluated according to parasite species, gender of the patients and the years, in which cases were seen. a total of 34,733 stool samples were prepared by formal-ethyl acetate con ...200818645941
the interplay between entamoeba and enteropathogenic bacteria modulates epithelial cell damage.mixed intestinal infections with entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and bacteria with exacerbated manifestations of disease are common in regions where amoebiasis is endemic. however, amoeba-bacteria interactions remain largely unexamined.200818648517
characterization of an entamoeba histolytica high-mobility-group box protein induced during intestinal infection.the unicellular eukaryote entamoeba histolytica is a human parasite that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess. a genome-wide analysis of gene expression modulated by intestinal colonization and invasion identified an upregulated transcript that encoded a putative high-mobility-group box (hmgb) protein, ehhmgb1. we tested if ehhmgb1 encoded a functional hmgb protein and determined its role in control of parasite gene expression. recombinant ehhmgb1 was able to bend dna in vitro, a characteri ...200818658254
immunolocalization and enzymatic functional characterization of the thioredoxin system in entamoeba histolytica.the components of the redox metabolism in entamoeba histolytica have been recently revisited by arias et al. (free radic. biol. med. 42:1496-1505; 2007), after the identification and characterization of a thioredoxin-linked system. the present work deals with studies performed for a better understanding of the localization and identification of different components of the redox machinery present in the parasite. the gene encoding for amoebic thioredoxin 8 was cloned and the recombinant protein t ...200818394433
tissue invasion by entamoeba histolytica: evidence of genetic selection and/or dna reorganization events in organ tropism.entamoeba histolytica infection may have various clinical manifestations. nine out of ten e. histolytica infections remain asymptomatic, while the remainder become invasive and cause disease. the most common form of invasive infection is amebic diarrhea and colitis, whereas the most common extra-intestinal disease is amebic liver abscess. the underlying reasons for the different outcomes are unclear, but a recent study has shown that the parasite genotype is a contributor. to investigate this li ...200818398490
antibody and cytokine responses in dracunculus medinensis patients at distinct states of infection.dracunculiasis is a promising candidate for eradication, but transmission of dracunculus medinensis and recrudescence of the disease have been observed repeatedly. in the present investigation, the d. medinensis-specific cellular cytokine response profiles and the parasite-specific antibody subclass reactivity were evaluated in dracunculiasis patients at distinct states of infection. analysis of the cellular cytokine response in dracunculiasis patients disclosed a d. medinensis antigen-specific ...200818258273
thermal stabilization of the protozoan entamoeba histolytica alcohol dehydrogenase by a single proline substitution.analysis of the three-dimensional structures of two closely related thermophilic and hyperthermophilic alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) from the respective microorganisms entamoeba histolytica (ehadh1) and thermoanaerobacter brockii (tbadh) suggested that a unique, strategically located proline residue (pro275) at the center of the dimerization interface might be crucial for maintaining the thermal stability of tbadh. to assess the contribution of pro275 to the thermal stability of the adhs, we app ...200818260103
bioinformatics and functional analysis of an entamoeba histolytica mannosyltransferase necessary for parasite complement resistance and hepatical infection.the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) moiety is one of the ways by which many cell surface proteins, such as gal/galnac lectin and proteophosphoglycans (ppgs) attach to the surface of entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis. it is believed that these gpi-anchored molecules are involved in parasite adhesion to cells, mucus and the extracellular matrix. we identified an e. histolytica homolog of pig-m, which is a mannosyltransferase required for synthesis of gpi. the sequence and str ...200818270556
sampling gene diversity across the supergroup amoebozoa: large est data sets from acanthamoeba castellanii, hartmannella vermiformis, physarum polycephalum, hyperamoeba dachnaya and hyperamoeba sp.from comparative analysis of est data for five taxa within the eukaryotic supergroup amoebozoa, including two free-living amoebae (acanthamoeba castellanii, hartmannella vermiformis) and three slime molds (physarum polycephalum, hyperamoeba dachnaya and hyperamoeba sp.), we obtained new broad-range perspectives on the evolution and biosynthetic capacity of this assemblage. together with genome sequences for the amoebozoans dictyostelium discoideum and entamoeba histolytica, and including partial ...200818276190
evidence of a continuous endoplasmic reticulum in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica, the cause of amebiasis, is believed to have no continuous endoplasmic reticulum (er), with er functions occurring in vesicles. here, using an er-targeted green fluorescent protein fusion protein and fluorescence loss in photobleaching, we have unambiguously demonstrated the presence of a continuous er compartment in living e. histolytica trophozoites.200818281599
increased risk for entamoeba histolytica infection and invasive amebiasis in hiv seropositive men who have sex with men in taiwan.incidence of entamoeba histolytica infection and clinical manifestations and treatment response of invasive amebiasis (ia) in hiv-infected patients have rarely been investigated before.200818301730
transcriptional profile of the homologous recombination machinery and characterization of the ehrad51 recombinase in response to dna damage in entamoeba histolytica.in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, homologous recombination is an accurate mechanism to generate genetic diversity, and it is also used to repair dna double strand-breaks. rad52 epistasis group genes involved in recombinational dna repair, including mre11, rad50, nsb1/xrs2, rad51, rad51c/rad57, rad51b/rad55, rad51d, xrcc2, xrcc3, rad52, rad54, rad54b/rdh54 and rad59 genes, have been studied in human and yeast cells. notably, the rad51 recombinase catalyses strand transfer between a broken dna ...200818402694
mpl1, a novel phosphatase with leucine-rich repeats, is essential for proper erk2 phosphorylation and cell motility.the novel dictyostelium phosphatase mpl1 contains six leucine-rich repeats at the amino-terminal end and a phosphatase domain at the carboxyl end. similarly architectured phosphatases exist among other protozoa, such as entamoeba histolytica, leishmania major, and trypanosoma cruzi. mpl1 was strongly induced after 5 h of development; ablation by homologous recombination led to defective streaming and aggregation during development. in addition, cyclic amp (camp)-pulsed mpl1(-) cells showed reduc ...200818408056
amoebic liver abscess or is it? 200818408101
molecular differentiation of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar from tunisian food handlers with amoeba infection initially diagnosed by microscopy.the purpose of the study was to obtain more reliable epidemiological data concerning entamoeba (e.) histolytica infection in tunisian food handlers using established molecular tools able to differentiate e. histolytica from e. dispar. from 2002 to 2005, 4,266 fresh stools specimens received in the setting of the national program of food handlers' control were analysed by optical microscopy. twelve (2.8 per thousand) were positive for the presence of four nuclei cysts identified as e. histolytica ...200818416248
unique asn-linked oligosaccharides of the human pathogen entamoeba histolytica.n-glycans of entamoeba histolytica, the protist that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess, are of great interest for multiple reasons. e. histolytica makes an unusual truncated n-glycan precursor (man(5)glcnac(2)), has few nucleotide sugar transporters, and has a surface that is capped by the lectin concanavalin a. here, biochemical and mass spectrometric methods were used to examine n-glycan biosynthesis and the final n-glycans of e. histolytica with the following conclusions. unprocessed ...200818417475
evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the detection of cryptosporidium antigen in fecal specimens of hiv/aids patients.cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, causes severe diarrhea in immunodeficient hosts like hiv/aids patients, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. diagnosis of the cryptosporidium oocyst in the stool of these patients by conventional microscopy is labor intensive and time consuming. therefore, we planned to evaluate the usefulness of a stool elisa test in detecting cryptosporidial antigen. about 89 stool specimens obtained from hiv-seropositive patients with diarrhea were subj ...200818417886
chemotaxis of entamoeba histolytica towards the pro-inflammatory cytokine tnf is based on pi3k signalling, cytoskeleton reorganization and the galactose/n-acetylgalactosamine lectin activity.entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite responsible for human amoebiasis. during invasive amoebiasis, migration is an essential process and it has previously been shown that the pro-inflammatory compound tumour necrosis factor (tnf) is produced and that it has a migratory effect on e. histolytica. this paper focuses on the analysis of parasite signalling and cytoskeleton changes leading to directional motility. tnf-induced signalling was pi3k-dependent and could lead to modifications in ...200818419774
experimental validation of metabolic pathway modeling.in the search for new drug targets in the human parasite entamoeba histolytica, metabolic control analysis was applied to determine, experimentally, flux control distribution of amebal glycolysis. the first (hexokinase, hexose-6-phosphate isomerase, pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (pp(i)-pfk), aldolase and triose-phosphate isomerase) and final (3-phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase and pyruvate phosphate dikinase) glycolytic segments were reconstituted in vitro with recombinant enzymes ...200818510554
intestinal invasion by entamoeba histolytica. 200818512355
in silico analysis of est and genomic sequences allowed the prediction of cis-regulatory elements for entamoeba histolytica mrna polyadenylation.in most eukaryotic cells, the poly(a) tail at the 3'-end of messenger rna (mrna) is essential for nuclear export, translatability, stability and transcription termination. poly(a) tail formation involves multi-protein complexes that interact with specific sequences in 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr) of precursor mrna (pre-mrna). here we have performed a computational analysis of a large est and genomic sequences collection from entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite responsible for human ...200818514032
viral, bacterial and parasitic etiology of pediatric diarrhea in gaza, palestine.to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in palestinian children under 5 years of age and to improve knowledge of the etiology of gastrointestinal pathogens using traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques.200818523397
detection and surveillance of waterborne protozoan parasites.the majority of the world's population still live without access to healthy water and the contamination of drinking water with protozoan pathogens poses a serious threat to millions of people in the developing world. even in the developed world periodic outbreaks of diarrhoeal diseases are caused by the protozoan parasites cryptosporidium sp., giardia duodenalis and entamoeba histolytica. thus, surveillance of drinking water is imperative to minimize such contaminations and ensure continuous sup ...200818524569
differences in complement-mediated killing of entamoeba histolytica between men and women--an explanation for the increased susceptibility of men to invasive amebiasis?men are more than 7 times more likely to develop amebic liver abscess or amebic dysentery caused by entamoeba histolytica than women. because the complement system could play a key role in controlling amebiasis, we determined whether serum from men and women differ in the ability to kill amebic trophozoites. we found that serum from women was significantly more effective in killing e. histolytica trophozoites than serum from men, and this killing was complement dependent. our results provide a p ...200818541770
protozoan protein tyrosine phosphatases.the aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of the published experimental data on protein tyrosine phosphatases from parasitic protozoa, in silico analysis based on the availability of completed genomes and to place available data for individual phosphatases from different unicellular parasites into the comparative and evolutionary context. we analysed the complement of protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptp) in several species of unicellular parasites that belong to apicomplexa (plasmodium; cr ...200818547579
comparison of two immunoassays for detection of entamoeba histolytica.effective diagnostic tools are essential in order to combat disease caused by the parasite entamoeba histolytica. in this study, we compared the commercially available ridascreen entamoeba test (r-biopharm) and the e. histolytica ii test (techlab), and we found that the e. histolytica ii test detects e. histolytica infections more accurately.200818550742
differential induction of immunoregulatory circuits of phagocytic cells by gal/gal nac lectin from pathogenic and nonpathogenic entamoeba.amoebic liver abscess (ala) is an acute inflammatory disease caused by entamoeba histolytica.200818551358
intriguing parasites and intramembrane proteases.rhomboid intramembrane proteases occur throughout the kingdoms of life. in this issue of genes & development, baxt and colleagues (pp. 1636-1646) report that the single proteolytic rhomboid (ehrom1) from entamoeba histolytica cleaves cell surface galactose-binding or n-acetylgalactosamine-binding (gal/gal-nac) lectins. ehrom1 and lectins colocalize during phagocytosis and receptor capping. ehrom1 is found at the base of the cap rather than in the cap proper, suggesting a role in receptor sheddin ...200818559471
an entamoeba histolytica rhomboid protease with atypical specificity cleaves a surface lectin involved in phagocytosis and immune evasion.rhomboid proteases are membrane-embedded enzymes conserved in all kingdoms of life, but their cellular functions across evolution are largely unknown. prior work has uncovered a role for rhomboid enzymes in host cell invasion by malaria and related intracellular parasites, but this is unlikely to be a widespread function, even in pathogens, since rhomboid proteases are also conserved in unrelated protozoa that maintain an extracellular existence. we examined rhomboid function in entamoeba histol ...200818559479
the prevalence of intestinal parasites and nasal s. aureus carriage among food handlers.food handlers play a major role in the transmission of foodborne diseases. nasal staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) carriage and intestinal parasitism are important risk factors in contamination. the purpose of the authors' study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and nasal s. aureus carriage among food handlers in manisa, turkey. the authors investigated 8,895 people for nasal s. aureus carriage and intestinal parasites. nasal swab materials and stool samples were examined, ...200818561571
detection of entamoeba histolytica antigen in stool samples in mersin, turkey.entameoba histolytica, 1 of the 2 entamoeba species with similar morphology that infect humans, causes invasive intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, whereas entamoeba dispar is found commensally and is noninvasive. because of their morphologic similarity, e. histolytica and e. dispar cannot be differentiated microscopically. the antigens of e. histolytica and e. dispar, however, may be detected by the elisa method. previous studies have found that the detection of antigens in the stool is as ...200818564756
a case report: entamoeba histolytica infections in the rhesus macaque, china.a case of amebic dysentery due to a natural infection of entamoeba histolytica in the rhesus macaque (macaca mullata) was reported. a fecal specimen was isolated and identified by the polymerase chain reaction technique. a daily dose of 750 mg of metronidazole was given orally for 10 days, and good results were observed. the early diagnosis of an e. histolytica infection allowed a proper antiamoebic treatment in an early stage of infection resulting in a successful outcome after therapy.200818566832
molecular epidemiology of amebiasis.entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis, remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is responsible for up to 100,000 deaths worldwide each year. entamoeba dispar, morphologically indistinguishable from e. histolytica, is more common in humans in many parts of the world. similarly entamoeba moshkovskii, which was long considered to be a free-living ameba, is also morphologically identical to e. histolytica and e. dispar, and is highly ...200818571478
degradation of human secretory iga1 and iga2 by entamoeba histolytica surface-associated proteolytic activity.the protozoan entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis, an infection with high prevalence worldwide. the host-ameba relationship outcome depends on parasite and host factors, and among these is secretory iga. these antibodies reduce mucosal colonization by pathogens and neutralize a variety of toxins and enzymes. the functionality of secretory iga depends on its integrity. some bacteria produce iga proteases that cleave mainly the iga1 subclass; live e. histolytica trophozoite ...200818571975
assessment of entamoeba histolytica antigen in stool samples in mersin.entameoba histolytica, one of the two entamoeba species with similar morphology that infect humans, causes invasive intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, whereas entamoeba dispar is found commensally and is non-invasive. due to their morphologic similarity, e. histolytica and e. dispar cannot be differentiated microscopically. the antigens of e. histolytica and e. dispar may be detected by the elisa method. previous studies have found that the detection of antigens in the stool is as sensiti ...200818576733
cockroaches as carriers of human intestinal parasites in two localities in ethiopia.a study was undertaken to assess the role of cockroaches as potential carriers of human intestinal parasites in addis ababa and ziway, ethiopia. a total of 6480 cockroaches were trapped from the two localities from october 2006 to march 2007. all the cockroaches trapped in addis ababa (n=2240) and almost 50% (2100/4240) of those trapped in ziway were identified as blattella germanica. the rest of the cockroaches trapped in ziway were identified as periplaneta brunnea (24.52%), pycnoscelus surina ...200818579170
entamoeba histolytica: lipid rafts are involved in adhesion of trophozoites to host extracellular matrix components.adhesion is an important virulence function for entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic dysentery. lipid rafts, cholesterol-rich domains, function in compartmentalization of cellular processes. in e. histolytica, rafts participate in parasite-host cell interactions; however, their role in parasite-host extracellular matrix (ecm) interactions has not been explored. disruption of rafts with a cholesterol extracting agent, methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetacd), resulted in inhibition of ...200818588878
cost-effectiveness of detection of intestinal amebiasis by using serology and specific-amebic-antigen assays among persons with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection.among 345 persons who underwent indirect hemagglutination (iha) serological assays and assays of specific amebic antigens in their stool samples, 24 of 36 (66.7%) who were seropositive for entamoeba histolytica had intestinal amebiasis as determined by antigen assays compared with 2 of 309 (0.2%) who were seronegative (odds ratio, 307; 95% confidence interval, 64.9 to 1,451). the estimated cost to detect a case of intestinal amebiasis by serology followed by antigen assays ($52) could be reduced ...200818596142
invasive amebiasis in men who have sex with men, australia.entamoeba histolytica is a pathogenic ameba that has recently been recognized as an emerging pathogen in men who have sex with men (msm) in asia-pacific countries where it is not endemic, i.e., japan, taiwan, and republic of korea. we report locally acquired invasive amebiasis in sydney, australia, exclusively in msm.200818598643
a study on the usefulness of techlab entamoeba histolytica ii antigen detection elisa in the diagnosis of amoebic liver abscess (ala) at hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm), kelantan, malaysia.amoebic serodiagnosis at hospital universiti sains malaysia (husm), kelantan employs an indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) which detects anti-entamoeba histolytica antibodies in patients' serum samples. in an amoebiasis endemic area such as kelantan, interpretation of a positive iha result can be problematic due to the high background antibody levels. the techlab e. histolytica ii elisa is a commercial kit for detection of specific gal/galnac lectin antigen in stool samples, and has been rep ...200819287359
intestinal parasitic infections in srimum suburban area of nakhon ratchasima province, thailand.a survey on intestinal parasitic infections and some risk factors of infection (social, economic and behavioral) was conducted in suburban area at simum subdistrict, mueang district, nakhon ratchasima province during the period of april 3rd to april 11th, 2007. a total of 214 stool samples, from 85 males and 129 females were examined using simple direct smear, kato's thick smear and modified harada-mori filter paper strip culture technique. the results showed that the prevalence rate of protozoa ...200819287363
comparison of clinical characteristics of amebic liver abscess in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and non-hiv-infected patients.amebic liver abscess is an emerging parasitic disease in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. clinical characteristics of this disease have rarely been compared between patients with and without hiv infection.200819255688
ipecacuanha: the south american vomiting root.the story of ipecacuanha, derived from the plant cephaelis, is a fascinating one. it was discovered in brazil in the 1600s and then transported to paris in the latter part of the same century. it was used there by the physician helvetius on various members of the french royal court to treat the flux (dysentery) with some success. later, in the eighteenth century, it was taken up by the physician and privateer thomas dover and became, with opium, a fundamental constituent of his celebrated powder ...200819227966
[prevalence and polyparasitism of intestinal protozoa and spatial distribution of entamoeba histolytica, e. dispar and giardia intestinalis from pupils in the rural zone of man in côte d'ivoire].diseases caused by environmental contamination by micro-organisms, including intestinal helminths and protozoa, are prevalent in developing countries. according to some authors, their strong expansion in some zones of these countries is due primarily to favourable climatic conditions, combined with inadequate hygiene measures and cleaning and the generally low socio-economic level. progress in disease control has resulted from new studies that improve our understanding of the epidemiology of hel ...200819810617
a case report of pulmonary amoebiasis with entamoeba histolytica diagnosed in western romania.among parasitic diseases, amoebiasis is the third most frequent cause of mortality after malaria and schistosomiasis. pulmonary amoebiasis, the second most common extraintestinal manifestation of infection, occurs in 2%-3% of patients with invasive amoebiasis. the present clinical report aims to present a single case of a rare diagnosed parasitic disease in romania and to emphasize the difficulties encounted while attempting to establish the correct diagnosis and to completely cure the patient.200819745512
endoplasmic reticulum continuity in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica: evolutionary implications and a cautionary note.entamoeba histolytica has been described as an early branching eukaryotic parasite based on the lack of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes, and on morphologic studies that concluded it possesses a vesicular endoplasmic reticulum (er) and golgi complex. however, a recent study from our laboratory showed that the e. histolytica er is continuous by using an er-targeted green fluorescent protein fusion protein and photobleaching experiments. we proposed that the vesicular er seen earlie ...200819704884
entamoeba dispar: genetic diversity of iranian isolates based on serine-rich entamoeba dispar protein gene.the nucleotide sequences of serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp) gene have already exhibited stable and significant polymorphism in the gene studies. serine-rich protein is also present and polymorphic in entamoeba dispar which called sredp. the polymorphism of the serine-rich entamoeba dispar protein (sredp) gene among 8 isolates obtained from iranian cyst carriers were analyzed by a nested pcr-rflp followed by sequencing of the pcr products. from those isolates, six distinct dna p ...200819630212
sequence specific 1h, 13c and 15n resonance assignments of a calmodulin-like calcium-binding protein from the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica (ehcam).we report almost complete sequence specific 1h, 13c and 15n nmr assignments of a 151-residue long calmodulin-like calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica (ehcam).200819636930
amebiasis.amebiasis is an important cause of death from parasitic disease worldwide. the causative organism is entamoeba histolytica, which has an infective cyst stage and a pathogenic and motile trophozoite stage. the clinical presentation can vary from an asymptomatic carrier state to fulminant colitis and colonic perforation. the majority of patients can be managed medically. however, a small percentage of patients require urgent exploration and resection with an associated high mortality rate. early r ...200720011359
amoebic dysentery.amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. it is transmitted in areas where poor sanitation allows contamination of drinking water and food with faeces. in these areas, up to 40% of people with diarrhoea may have amoebic dysentery. methods and outcomes: we conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: what are the effects of drug treatments for amoebic dysentery in endemic areas? we searched: medline, embase, the cochrane lib ...200719454043
[survey of intestinal parasites among an aboriginal community in salta].the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses by protozoans and helminths was determined in an aboriginal community located 6 km from tartagal, province of salta, argentina. the age of the inhabitants studied ranged from 1 to 49 years old. a total of 112 stool samples were collected in sodium acetate-acetic acid- formalin solution (saf). each sample was obtained in three different days, alternatively. ritchie biphasic concentration method and faust flotation technique were applied. for survey of ente ...200718422062
amebic liver abscess: report of three cases.amebic abscess is a common manifestation of extraintestinal amebiasis and it is associated with relatively high morbidity and mortality. we present three cases seen in bari, southern italy, one of which was autochthonous and the other two were not. diagnosis was performed by elevated antibody titre for e. histolytica through immunofluorescence assay and positive antigen determination by elisa in stools and in abscess aspirate. fever often accompanied by chills, abdominal pain, weight loss and he ...200718412043
effects of antacid therapy in asymptomatic patients with presence of amoeba in stool report.amoebic infection caused by the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica is a prevalent infection in the developing countries. milder form of this infection is associated with loose stool, flatulence and borborygmi, may or may not be associated with pain in abdomen and treated symptomatically by some physicians by antacid. to find out the effects of antacid (sorbacid) therapy in patients with amoeba in stools by examining the changes in the stool report, a study was conducted among 25 patients e ...200718405098
il-6 ko mice develop experimental amoebic liver infection with eosinophilia.interleukin 6 (il-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various aspects of the immune response, such as acute phase reaction and hematopoiesis, and is an important signal that coordinates activities of liver cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. amoebic liver lesions have been studied, usually in hamsters, due to the problem of abscess development in mice. we report here the development of an experimental amoebic liver abscess (ala) model in mice deficient in il-6. axenically grown amoe ...200718314689
prevalence of intestinal parasites in young quichua children in the highlands of rural ecuador.the prevalence of intestinal parasites in young quichua children was assessed in 20 rural communities in the highlands of ecuador in august 2005. the caregivers of 293 children aged 12-60 months were interviewed about the status of child health, household socioeconomic and environmental factors, and water-use practices and were requested to collect a faecal sample from the study child. two hundred three (69.3%) of the 293 children provided faecal samples that were tested for parasites. the overa ...200718402182
use of recombinant entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 1 to identify a potent inhibitor of amebic invasion in a human colonic model.cysteine proteinases are key virulence factors of the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. we have shown that cysteine proteinases play a central role in tissue invasion and disruption of host defenses by digesting components of the extracellular matrix, immunoglobulins, complement, and cytokines. analysis of the e. histolytica genome project has revealed more than 40 genes encoding cysteine proteinases. we have focused on e. histolytica cysteine proteinase 1 (ehcp1) because it is one of tw ...200717513563
eradication of amebiasis in a large institution for adults with mental retardation in taiwan.investigation of a program to eradicate amebiasis using consecutive intensive mass screenings followed by medication in a large institute for adults with mental retardation in taiwan.200717520540
a novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for differential detection of entamoeba histolytica, e. moshkovskii and e. dispar dna in stool samples.e. histolytica, a pathogenic amoeba, is indistinguishable in its cyst and trophozoite stages from those of non-pathogenic e. moshkovskii and e. dispar by light microscopy. we have developed a nested multiplex pcr targeting a 16s-like rrna gene for differential detection of all the three morphologically similar forms of e. histolytica, e. moshkovskii and e. dispar simultaneously in stool samples.200717524135
adherence-inhibitory intestinal immunoglobulin a antibody response in baboons elicited by use of a synthetic intranasal lectin-based amebiasis subunit vaccine.we designed an amebiasis subunit vaccine that is constructed by using four peptide epitopes of the galactose-inhibitable lectin heavy subunit that were recognized by intestinal secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies from immune human subjects. these epitopes are contained in the region encompassing amino acids 758 to 1134 of the lectin heavy subunit, designated lc3. baboons (papio anubis) are natural hosts for entamoeba histolytica; naturally infected baboons raised in captivity possess ser ...200717526742
characterization of entamoeba histolytica alpha-actinin2.we have cloned and characterized a second alpha-actinin isoform in entamoeba histolytica. this protein, alpha-actinin2, has a n-terminal actin-binding domain, a c-terminal calcium-binding domain and an intervening rod domain containing two spectrin repeats. the protein binds and cross-links actin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner. therefore alpha-actinin2 is a genuine alpha-actinin except for the shorter rod domain compared to the rod domain of isoforms of higher organisms. a alpha-actinin ...200717537529
the potential usefulness of the modified kato thick smear technique in the detection of intestinal sarcocystosis during field surveys.a total of 479 stool specimens were collected from rural communities of ubon ratchathani province, thailand and examined by two techniques: the modified kato thick smear and the direct smear. the prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini (14.8%), hookworm (10.2%), sarcocystis spp (4.6%), taenia spp (2.9%), strongyloides stercoralis (2.1%), giardia lamblia (1.2%), echinostoma spp (0.6%), ascaris lumbricoides (0.4%), entamoeba histolytica (0.2%), chilomastix mesnili (0.2%) and endolimax nana (0.2%) wer ...200717539271
amebic liver abscess in hiv-infected patients, republic of korea. 200717552123
replacement of the essential dictyostelium arp2 gene by its entamoeba homologue using parasexual genetics.cell motility is an essential feature of the pathogenesis and morbidity of amoebiasis caused by entamoeba histolytica. as motility depends on cytoskeletal organisation and regulation, a study of the molecular components involved is key to a better understanding of amoebic pathogenesis. however, little is known about the physiological roles, interactions and regulation of the proteins of the entamoeba cytoskeleton.200717553170
crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of cysteine synthase from entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amoebiasis, is essentially anaerobic, requiring a small amount of oxygen for growth. it cannot tolerate the higher concentration of oxygen present in human tissues or blood. however, during tissue invasion it is exposed to a higher level of oxygen, leading to oxygen stress. cysteine, which is a vital thiol in e. histolytica, plays an essential role in its oxygen-defence mechanisms. the major route of cysteine biosynthesis in this parasite is th ...200717554175
crystal structure of calcium binding protein-1 from entamoeba histolytica: a novel arrangement of ef hand motifs.calcium plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of amoebiasis, a major disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. several ef-hand containing calcium-binding proteins (cabps) have been identified from e. histolytica. even though these proteins have very high sequence similarity, they bind to different target proteins in a ca2+ dependent manner, leading to different functional pathways (yadava et al., mol biochem parasito 1997;84:69-82; chakrabarty et al., j biol chem 2004;279:12898-12908) the crys ...200717554780
the entamoeba histolytica genome: primary structure and expression of proteolytic enzymes.a number of studies have shown that peptidases and in particular cysteine peptidases constitute major pathogenicity factors in entamoeba histolytica. recent studies have suggested that a considerable number of genes coding for proteolytic enzymes are present within the e. histolytica genome and questions remain about the mode of expression of the various molecules.200717567921
prevalence of intestinal protozoa in an aborigine community in pahang, malaysia.the objective was to estimate the prevalence of intestinal protozoa among the aborigines and to determine the problems regarding the infection. the study was carried out in january 2006 in pos senderut, pahang, malaysia. samples of faeces were collected from children and adults and these were fixed in pva and trichrome staining was carried out. from the 130 individuals studied, 94 (72.3%) were positive with at least one intestinal protozoa. nine intestinal protozoa namely blastocystis hominis, g ...200717568378
morbidity due to schistosoma mansoni--entamoeba histolytica coinfection in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus).data on schistosoma mansoni-entamoeba histolytica coinfection are scarce in the literature. in the present study, hamsters that had been infected for 70 days with schistosoma mansoni (le strain) were inoculated via the portal vein with two strains of trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica: icb-egg (highly virulent) and icb-rps (non-virulent). the most evident result of coinfection was increased morbidity and mortality, in comparison with either of the infections alone. histologically, there were ...200717568883
[urticaria and parasites: case report and general view over the most common pathogens of chronic urticaria].chronic urticaria is a disease with numerous aetiologies. in case of blood hypereosinophilia a parasitosis is probable an should be mentioned. infections with echinococcus and helminths can cause ige mediated release of histamine. different cytokines are involved and lead to chronic urticaria as well. there are only a few case repoorts about chronic urticaria caused by amoebiasis. the transmission of amoebas is faeco oral and the pathogen can be detected with stool examinations or with testing o ...200717569439
entamoeba histolytica: ouabain-insensitive na(+)-atpase activity.our aim was to determine the presence of sodium pumps in entamoeba histolytica. it is shown through the measurement of ouabain-sensitive atpase activity and immunoblotting that e. histolytica does not express (na(+)+k(+))atpase. on the other hand, we observed a na(+)-atpase with the following characteristics: (1) stimulated by na(+) or k(+), but these effects are not addictive; (2) the apparent affinity is similar for na(+) and k(+) (k(0.5) = 13.3 +/- 3.7 and 15.4 +/- 3.1mm, respectively), as we ...200717574551
the role of the secretory immune response in the infection by entamoeba histolytica.intestinal infection with the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica elicits a local immune response with rising of specific secretory iga (siga) antibodies detectable in several compartments associated to mucosa. anti-amoebic siga antibodies have been reported in faeces, saliva, bile and breast milk from dysenteric patients and research trying to elucidate their role in protection has recently intensified. iga antibodies inhibit the in vitro adherence of e. histolytica trophozoites to epithel ...200717576362
immunohistochemical characterization of human fulminant amoebic colitis.in cases of fulminant amoebic colitis we have determined the interactions between entamoeba histolytica trophozoites and immune cells in order to better understand the pathophysiology of amoebic colitis. eleven specimens of amoebic colitis and five specimens of colon without amoebic lesions were studied. trophozoites and immune cells were located by topographic stains, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. trophozoites were seen in both damaged and undamaged areas of the colonic mucosa. speci ...200717371457
[pathogenic entamoeba histolytica--a rare incidence in persons microscopically positive for cysts in faeces].in the czech republic, 40 to 50 cases of entamoeba histolytica/dispar infections are reported annually to the national reference laboratory for diagnostics of intestinal parasitoses. however, the actual number of patients with entamoeba histolytica infection is unknown as diagnosis relies on cyst detection in faecal samples by microscopy, the method which cannot differentiate between pathogenic e. histolytica and nonpathogenic e. dispar. the aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the proportions ...200717373108
is this recently characterized gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for rising rates of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and ibd associated autism in europe and the united states in the 1990s?in 2006, a pathogenic variant of the common intestinal organism blastocystis was discovered in patients who were experiencing chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. most species of blastocystis inhabit humans with no symptoms. the discovery of a pathogenic variant of blastocystis is significant, because blastocystis is related to entamoeba, a similar organism with pathogenic variants that kill over 100,000 people each year. recent research has shown that blastocystis infections may be undetectable u ...200717382484
outcome of patients with arthritis and parvovirus b19 dna in synovial membranes.to investigate the follow-up of the 17 patients during the period of 1995-2001 of the outpatient clinic for rheumatology at the university hospital of zurich with arthritis and the presence of parvovirus b19 dna demonstrated by pcr in synovial biopsies. seventeen patients of 163 with arthritis, which were routinely examined by needle arthroscopy during 1995-2001 with a positive parvovirus b19 dna by pcr of synovial biopsy were reevaluated. investigations included medical history, clinical examin ...200717401566
waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt.at least 325 water-associated outbreaks of parasitic protozoan disease have been reported. north american and european outbreaks accounted for 93% of all reports and nearly two-thirds of outbreaks occurred in north america. over 30% of all outbreaks were documented from europe, with the uk accounting for 24% of outbreaks, worldwide. giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium parvum account for the majority of outbreaks (132; 40.6% and 165; 50.8%, respectively), entamoeba histolytica and cyclospora c ...200717402277
an entamoeba sp. strain isolated from rhesus monkey is virulent but genetically different from entamoeba histolytica.an entamoeba sp. strain, p19-061405, was isolated from a rhesus monkey in nepal and characterized genetically. the strain was initially identified as entamoeba histolytica using pcr amplification of peroxiredoxin genes. however, sequence analysis of the 18s rrna gene showed a 0.8% difference when compared to the reference e. histolytica hm-1:imss human strain. differences were also observed in the 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions 1 and 2, and analysis of the serin ...200717403547
dolichol-linked oligosaccharide selection by the oligosaccharyltransferase in protist and fungal organisms.the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide glc3man9glcnac2-pp-dol is the in vivo donor substrate synthesized by most eukaryotes for asparagine-linked glycosylation. however, many protist organisms assemble dolichol-linked oligosaccharides that lack glucose residues. we have compared donor substrate utilization by the oligosaccharyltransferase (ost) from trypanosoma cruzi, entamoeba histolytica, trichomonas vaginalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae using structurally homogeneous d ...200717403929
how to diagnose and manage common parasitic pneumonias.parasitic pneumonia is being increasingly reported from many parts of the world due to globalization and travel across the continents. this review outlines the recent developments in the diagnosis and management of parasitic pneumonias.200717414130
transcriptional upregulation of genes related to virulence activation in entamoeba histolytica.to understand the molecular basis of virulence variability in entamoeba histolytica, this study presents results about differential gene expression induced by e. histolytica trophozoites in liver of hamsters in order to produce experimental amebic liver abscess (ala) and consequently reactivate its virulence.200717416282
multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, and cryptosporidium spp.entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, and cryptosporidium spp. are not only three of the most important and common diarrhea-causing parasitic protozoa, but they often have similar clinical presentations. microscopic diagnosis of these parasites is neither sensitive nor specific. recently, more specific and sensitive alternative molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction [pcr] and antigen detection tests) have been introduced for all three of these parasitic infections. the use of these ...200717426176
antisense expression of a gene encoding a calcium-binding protein in transgenic tobacco leads to altered morphology and enhanced chlorophyll.entamoeba histolytica contains a novel calcium-binding protein like calmodulin,which was discovered earlier,and we have reported the presence of its homologue(s)and a dependent protein kinase in plants.to understand the functions of these in plants,a cdna encoding a calcium-binding protein isolated from entamoeba histolytica (ehcabp)was cloned into vector pbi121 in antisense orientation and transgenic tobacco plants were raised.these plants showed variation in several phenotypic characters,of wh ...200717435317
amoebiasis: current status in australia.entamoeba histolytica is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide, infecting about 50 million people and resulting in 40,000-100,000 deaths a year. in australia, people at risk of infection include immigrants, travellers returning from countries of high endemicity, indigenous people, and men who have sex with men. clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic carriage to invasive disease. amoebic colitis and amoebic liver abscess are the most common invasive manifestations observe ...200717437396
identification of exocytotic membrane proteins, syntaxin-1 and snap-25, in entamoeba histolytica from hamster liver.entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite causing dysentery and in some cases liver abscesses. these effects have been attributed to cytolytic substances released by exocytosis. in this study, the presence of the proteins syntaxin-1 and snap-25, which are assumed to be involved in exocytosis, were examined by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and western blot analysis. syntaxin-1 and snap-25 were expressed in the vesicular, vacuolar and plasma membranes of e. histolytica tropho ...200717437528
rab11b small gtpase regulates secretion of cysteine proteases in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.vesicular trafficking plays a pivotal role in the virulence of the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica. in the present study, we showed that one isotype of the small gtpase rab11, ehrab11b, plays a central role in the secretion of a major virulence factor, cysteine proteases. ehrab11b did not colocalize with markers for the endoplasmic reticulum, early endosomes and lysosomes, but was partially associated with non-acidified vesicles in the endocytic pathway, likely recycling endosom ...200717441984
synthesis, characterization and antiamoebic activity of new indole-3-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones and their pd(ii) complexes.in continuation of our research on thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes as antiamoebic agents, a new series of indole-3-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (tsc) 1-7 were prepared by condensing indole-3-carboxaldehyde with cycloalkylaminothiocarbonyl hydrazines. their palladium(ii) complexes of the [pd(tsc)cl2] type, were synthesized upon coordination with [pd(dmso)2cl2]. the chemical structures of all the compounds were established by elemental analyses, electronic, ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c ...200717442460
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