Publications

repression of the expression of genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes in aspergillus oryzae by introduction of multiple copies of the xynf1 promoter.	a xylanase gene, xynf1, was cloned and characterized from a shoyu koji mould aspergillus oryzae kbn616. the xynf1 gene was found to be comprised of 1484 bp with ten introns. the deduced amino acid sequence encodes a protein consisting of 327 amino acids (35,402 da) which is very similar to the fungal family f xylanases such as aspergillus nidulans xlnc, aspergillus kawachii xyna and penicillium chrysogenum xylp. the intron/exon organization of xynf1 is very similar to that of the fungal family f ...	1998	9866173
effect of process conditions on recovery of protein activity after freezing and freeze-drying.	the objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of the degree to which recovery of activity of model proteins after freeze-drying can be maximized by manipulation of freeze-dry process conditions in the absence of protective solutes. catalase, beta-galactosidase and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) were used as model proteins. all of the three proteins exhibited a concentration-dependent loss of activity after freezing, with significantly higher recovery at higher concentration. the ...	1998	9653629
effect of n-linked glycosylation on secretion, activity, and stability of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae.	the effect of n-linked glycosylation on secretion, activity, and stability of alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae grown as dispersed filaments was studied. in the presence of tunicamycin the fungus grew either as dispersed filaments or as one large pellet, whereas growth was as dispersed filaments in all control cultures. the presence of tunicamycin affected neither biomass, level of secreted alpha-amylase, nor total amount of secreted protein in cultures growing as dispersed filaments. in the ...	1998	9662611
purification and characterization of triacylglycerol lipase from aspergillus oryzae.	triacylglycerol lipase (l3) was purified from aspergillus oryzae rib128 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, acetone precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. the purified enzyme was formed from a glycoprotein and a monomeric protein with molecular masses of 25 and 29 kda, by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the optimum ph at 40 degrees c was 5.5 and the optimum temperature at ph 5.5 was 40 degrees c. the enzyme was stable between a ph range of 4.0-7.5 at 30 degre ...	1998	9614707
xylooligosaccharide production by aspergillus oryzae 13 immobilized on a nonwoven fabric.	immobilized mycelia were screened for xylooligosaccharide production from xylan, and 20 strains of aspergillus oryzae were selected. for its high activity and operational stability of xylooligosaccharides formation, immobilized a. oryzae 13 was selected for further examination. batch production of xylooligosaccharides from xylan by the immobilized mycelia was repeated a total of 4 times.	1998	9614714
effect of aspergillus oryzae extract alone or in combination with antimicrobial compounds on ruminal bacteria.	the effect of an aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the growth rates of pure cultures of ruminal bacteria was determined. bacteria were grown in an anaerobic ruminal fluid and carbohydrate medium. a sterile filtrate made with 10% a. oryzae was added to the medium at 2 or 5% (vol/vol) to provide a final a. oryzae concentration of 2 or 5 mg/ml, respectively. the filtrate had no effect on the growth rates of 10 of the 19 ruminal bacteria tested; however, the filtrate increased the growth ra ...	1998	9684165
increase in milk yield of commercial dairy herds fed a microbial and enzyme supplement.	a microbial and enzyme supplement fed at 21.2 g/d per cow to 46 virginia dairy herds increased the milk yield of 31 herds (17 significantly) and decreased the milk yield of 15 herds (7 significantly). effects of season were important but consistent with overall results. herds began receiving the supplement, which contained dried fermentation products of aspergillus oryzae, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus acidophilus, and yeast culture, midway between the first and second monthly dairy herd impr ...	1998	9621238
alkaline serine proteinase: a major allergen of aspergillus oryzae and its cross-reactivity with penicillium citrinum.	aspergillus species are common indoor airborne fungi and have been considered as causative agents of human allergic disorders. however, allergens of different aspergillus species have not been effectively characterized. the object of this study was to identify and characterize ige-binding components of aspergillus oryzae.	1998	9623506
localization of a phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylinositol transfer protein in aspergillus oryzae.	the subcellular localization of the phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (pg/pi-tp) of aspergillus oryzae was investigated using western blot analysis of the cell protein extracts, a cellular membrane fractionation technique, and transmission electron microscopy. the pg/pi-tp, as detected by western blot analysis with a specific immune serum, was found to be mainly cytoplasmic and partly associated with intracellular membranes. a fractionation experiment was conducted after ...	1998	9933913
production of amylases from rice by solid-state fermentation in a gas-solid spouted-bed bioreactor	a gas-solid spouted-bed bioreactor was developed to produce amylases from rice in solid-state fermentation by aspergillus oryzae. the spouted-bed bioreactor was developed to overcome many of the problems inherent to large-scale solid-state fermentation, including mass- and heat-transfer limitations in the conventional tray reactors and solids-handling difficulties seen in packed-bed bioreactors. the solid-state fermentation results from the tray-type reactor with surface aeration were poor becau ...	1998	9694679
polygalacturonase gene expression in ripe melon fruit supports a role for polygalacturonase in ripening-associated pectin disassembly.	ripening-associated pectin disassembly in melon is characterized by a decrease in molecular mass and an increase in the solubilization of polyuronide, modifications that in other fruit have been attributed to the activity of polygalacturonase (pg). although it has been reported that pg activity is absent during melon fruit ripening, a mechanism for pg-independent pectin disassembly has not been positively identified. here we provide evidence that pectin disassembly in melon (cucumis melo) may be ...	1998	9625689
role of the regulatory gene area of aspergillus oryzae in nitrogen metabolism.	the area gene of aspergillus oryzae was cloned by cross-hybridization with the aspergillus nidulans area gene and was found to encode an 866-amino-acid protein that is very similar to other fungal nitrogen regulatory proteins. the a. oryzae area gene can complement a. nidulans area loss-of-function mutations. functional analyses indicated that the n-terminal region of the a. oryzae area protein was dispensable for function and revealed a probable acidic activation domain in the protein. c-termin ...	1998	9726865
action of trichoderma reesei and aspergillus oryzae esterases in the deacetylation of hemicelluloses.	xylans and mannans contain different esterified substituents such as acetyl, feruloyl and p-coumaroyl side groups. the functions of hemicellulose-deacetylating esterases of trichoderma reesei and aspergillus oryzae are discussed in this paper. both fungi produce multiple esterases and two different esterases were isolated from both t. reesei and a. oryzae. the enzymes differed significantly in their substrate specificities. acetyl xylan esterase of t. reesei was highly active on polymeric xylan ...	1998	9477552
utilization of the tef1-alpha gene (tef1) promoter for expression of polygalacturonase genes, pgaa and pgab, in aspergillus oryzae.	for the development of an efficient gene expression system in a shoyu koji mold aspergillus oryzae kbn616, the tef1 gene, encoding translation-elongation factor 1 alpha, was cloned from the same strain and used for expression of polygalacturonase genes. the tef1 gene comprised 1647 bp with three introns. the tef1-alpha protein consisted of 460 amino acids possessing high identify to other fungal tef proteins. two nucleotide sequences homologous to the upstream activation sequence, characterized ...	1998	9720204
[quantification of inhaled exposure to alpha-amylase in 2 bakeries].	baker's asthma and baker's rhinitis are among the most frequent occupational diseases. a major cause is the high exposure to flour dust in the workplace and to allergenic enzymes like alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae (allergen name: asp o 2).	1998	9774870
aspergillus oryzae with and without a homolog of aflatoxin biosynthetic gene ver-1.	part of the nucleotide sequence of the ver-1 homolog in each of two strains of aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus sojae, and aspergillus flavus were compared with two homologs in aspergillus parasiticus. the homologs in a. oryzae and a. sojae (non-aflatoxin-producers) exhibited an extremely high degree (93.8-99.8% for a. oryzae, and 96.0-99.5% for a. sojae) of sequence identify with that of a. flavus and a. parasiticus. no two strains within the same species, except a. sojae, were identical. no seq ...	1998	9720206
recognition of single-stranded dna by nuclease p1: high resolution crystal structures of complexes with substrate analogs.	the reaction mechanism of nuclease p1 from penicillium citrinum has been investigated using single-stranded dithiophosphorylated di-, tetra-, and hexanucleotides as substrate analogs. the complexes crystallize in tetragonal and orthorhombic space groups and have been solved by molecular replacement. the high resolution structures give a clear picture of base recognition by p1 nuclease at its two nucleotide-binding sites, especially the 1.8 a structure of a p1-tetranucleotide complex which can be ...	1998	9726413
isolation of the gene and characterization of the enzymatic properties of a major exoglucanase of humicola grisea without a cellulose-binding domain.	an exoglucanase gene was cloned from a cellulolytic fungus, humicola grisea. dna sequencing of this gene, designated as exo1, revealed that it contained four introns in the coding region. the deduced amino acid sequence of exo1 was 451 amino acids in length and showed 57.7% identity with that of h. grisea cellobiohydrolase 1 (cbh1), but lacked the typical domain structures of a cellulose-binding domain and a hinge region. transcriptional analysis of the exo1 and cbh1 genes showed that the expres ...	1998	9756616
purification, characterization, and substrate specificity of a novel highly glucose-tolerant beta-glucosidase from aspergillus oryzae.	aspergillus oryzae was found to secrete two distinct beta-glucosidases when it was grown in liquid culture on various substrates. the major form had a molecular mass of 130 kda and was highly inhibited by glucose. the minor form, which was induced most effectively on quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone)-rich medium, represented no more than 18% of total beta-glucosidase activity but exhibited a high tolerance to glucose inhibition. this highly glucose-tolerant beta-glucosidase (designated ...	1998	9758774
regulation of aflr and its product, aflr, associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis.	we studied the role of the regulatory gene aflr and its product, aflr, in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin in aspergillus. western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses revealed that aflatoxin b1 accumulation was directly related to aflr expression and was regulated by various environmental and nutritional conditions, including temperature, air supply, carbon source, nitrogen source, and zinc availability. expression of an aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway structural gene, omta, was regu ...	1998	9758790
the effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae on the digestion of the cell wall fraction of a mixed diet in defaunated and refaunated sheep rumen.	the objective of this study was to determine the effect of two probiotics, saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc) and aspergillus oryzae (ao), without their culture medium, on the digestion of plant cell wall components in sheep that had been successively defaunated and refaunated. six sheep fitted with large rumen cannulae were used to study 1) defaunated sheep with no probiotic, 2) defaunated sheep with sc or ao, 3) refaunated sheep with no probiotic, 4) refaunated sheep with sc or ao. the apparent dig ...	1998	9795984
successful treatment of severe atopic dermatitis-complicated cataract and male infertility with a natural product antioxidant.	there has been a recent dramatic change in the features of atopic dermatitis and male infertility, including a marked increased prevalence of severe and treatment-resistant atopic dermatitis; an increase in severe atopic dermatitis complicated by cataracts, especially in urban and industrial areas; and an increase in the number of infertile men with poor sperm motility. previously we have attributed these changes to the increased free radicals produced by environmental toxicity. we have reported ...	1998	9638503
overproduction of recombinant trichoderma reesei cellulases by aspergillus oryzae and their enzymatic properties.	we have established an expression system of trichoderma reesei cellulase genes using aspergillus oryzae as a host. in this system, the expression of t. reesei cellulase genes were regulated under the control of a. oryzae taka-amylase promoter and the cellulase genes were highly expressed when maltose was used as a main carbon source for inducer. the production of recombinant cellulases by a. oryzae transformants reached a maximum after 3-4 days of cultivation. in some cases, proteolysis of recom ...	1998	9828459
microorganism inactivation using high-pressure generation in sealed vessels under sub-zero temperature.	in order to test the possibility of utilizing high pressure in bioscience and biotechnology, a simple method for high-pressure generation and its use for microbial inactivation have been studied. when a pressure vessel was filled with water, sealed tightly and cooled to sub-zero temperatures, high pressure was generated in the vessel. the pressure generation was 60 mpa at -5 degrees c, 103 mpa at -10 degrees c, and 140 mpa at -15 degrees c, -20 degrees c, and -22 degrees c. the high pressure gen ...	1998	9830091
construction of a low-serine-type-carboxypeptidase-producing mutant of aspergillus oryzae by the expression of antisense rna and its use as a host for heterologous protein secretion.	using an antisense control strategy, we isolated an aspergillus oryzae mutant that produced low levels of carboxypeptidases (cpases). the mutant tfc-1 expressed the antisense rna of the structural gene of cpase o and showed about 30% of the cpase activity in the parent strain. gel filtration analysis indicated that this mutant decreased the cpase activities not only of cpase o but also of cpase o-1 and o-2. this result indicated that the antisense rna was able to control the expression of the cp ...	1998	9487708
overproduction of 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, a glycochain processing enzyme, by aspergillus oryzae.	a recombinant strain of aspergillus oryzae has been constructed in which 1,2-alpha-mannosidase, an intracellular glycochain processing enzyme with specificity toward 1,2-alpha-mannosidic linkages, has been overexpressed. for the construction, the n-terminal signal-encoding sequence of the 1,2-alpha-mannosidase gene (msdc) from penicillium citrinum was replaced with that of the aspergillopepsin i signal, and the fused gene was inserted between amyb promoter-terminator elements in the expression p ...	1998	9532788
improvement of promoter activity by the introduction of multiple copies of the conserved region iii sequence, involved in the efficient expression of aspergillus oryzae amylase-encoding genes.	the role of the conserved sequence region iii in the promoter regions of the amylase-encoding genes amyb, glaa and agda of aspergillus oryzae was examined. introduction of multiple copies of the region iii fragment into the agda promoter resulted in a significant increase in promoter activity at the transcriptional level. this result suggests that the fragment comprising region iii consists of one or more cis-acting sequence(s). moreover, expression of the agda gene under the control of the impr ...	1998	9830097
effect of steam-flaked or steam-rolled corn with or without aspergillus oryzae in the diet on performance of dairy cows fed during hot weather.	the objective of this study was to determine the effects of steam-rolled versus steam-flaked corn in the diet with or without the addition of a culture of aspergillus oryzae on the performance of high producing dairy cows during hot summer weather. thirty-two holstein cows averaging 92 (+/- 60) d in milk were fed a pretreatment diet for 21 d followed by a 70-d experimental period in a completely randomized block design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. diets were 1) steam-flaked ...	1997	9436111
[comparative characteristics of microbial proteases by the level of hydrolysis of protein substrates].	screening of enzyme preparations displaying a maximum proteolytic activity at ph 4.0-5.5 and effecting deep proteolysis of plant proteins was performed. amyloprotooryzin prepared from aspergillus oryzae 387 containing a complex of proteolytic enzymes was the most effective. the amino acid composition of the hydrolysates obtained was studied. amyloprotooryzin increased the contents of amino acids by 108-227%, depending on the substrate used. the enzymatic complex of amyloprotooryzin was studied; ...	1997	9139311
effects of lactitol-oligosaccharides on calcium and magnesium absorption in rats.	lactitol-oligosaccharide (lo) was prepared from lactitol by transglycosylation reaction with aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase. lo is resistant to metabolism in the small intestine but not in the large intestine. the effects of lo, lactose (lac), lactitol (lacol) and galactooligosaccharide (gl) on calcium and magnesium absorption were determined by feeding 8-week-old sprague-dawley male rats diets containing 5% of the above carbohydrates for two weeks. the results obtained were as follows. 1 ...	1997	9151246
efficient expression of mono- and diacylglycerol lipase gene from penicillium camembertii u-150 in aspergillus oryzae under the control of its own promoter.	the gene, mdla, coding for mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from penicillium camembertii u-150 was expressed efficiently in aspergillus oryzae under the control of its own promoter. the gene product was secreted into the culture medium with a highest productivity of 1 g/liter and correctly processed at both n- and c-termini. kex2-like processing was suggested to occur at the c-terminus in both a. oryzae and p. camembertii. specific activity and substrate specificity of the purified recombinant pr ...	1997	9178556
in vivo antioxidant activity of okara koji, a fermented okara, by aspergillus oryzae.	the antioxidants in okara koji (ok), an okara (oc) fermented by aspergillus oryzae, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, genistin, daizein, genistein, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were identified by hplc. ok's extract with 80% methanol strongly inhibited linoleate peroxidation, much more than other ok's extracts with hexane or hot water. the methanol extract accelerated 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation in membrane lipids at 10(-3) concentration, but inhibited the formation at higher con ...	1997	9438976
characteristics of antibody responses induced in mice by protein allergens.	whereas many foreign proteins are immunogenic, only a proportion is also allergenic, having the capacity to induce the quality of immune response necessary to support the production of ige antibody. we have demonstrated previously that intraperitoneal administration to mice of proteins such as ovalbumin (ova) or the industrial enzyme a. oryzae lipase, which possess significant allergenic potential, stimulates the production of both igg and ige antibody. identical exposure to bovine serum albumin ...	1997	9449226
a capillary electrophoretic study on the specificity of beta-galactosidases from aspergillus oryzae, escherichia coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, and canavalia ensiformis (jack bean).	the specificities of the beta-galactosidases from aspergillus oryzae, escherichia coli, streptococcus pneumoniae, and canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) have been studied by capillary zone electrophoresis. various di- and oligosaccharides as well as a biantennary asialo n-glycan were used as substrates. following enzymatic hydrolysis, the mixtures of substrates and products were derivatized with ethyl 4-aminobenzoate and separated by high-performance capillary electrophoresis in a borate buffer sy ...	1997	9056188
optical resolution of dl-alanine by using immobilized aspergillus oryzae cells.	mycelium pellets with diameters of 1-2 mm and containing abundant aminoacylase were obtained by the liquid fermentation of aspergillus oryzae 3042. by the cross-linking method with reagents of gelatin and formaldehyde, the immobilized a. oryzae cells (iac) were prepared with much higher activity and reactive properties. the effects of factors on enzymatic activity of iac were investigated. when substrate concentration was less than 0.15 mol/l, the michaelis-menten mechanism was suitable for this ...	1997	9343710
cloning, sequencing, and expression of a thermostable cellulase gene of humicola grisea.	the egl2 gene coding a thermostable endoglucanase (egl2) was cloned from humicola grisea. the dna sequence of egl2 predicted two putative introns in the coding region. the deduced amino acid sequence of egl2 was 388 amino acids in length and showed 99.5% identity with the h. insolens cmc 3. in addition to tata box and caat motifs, putative crea binding sites were observed in the 5' upstream region of the egl2 gene. the egl2 gene was expressed in aspergillus oryzae, and egl2 was purified. egl2 pr ...	1997	9058960
immobilization of enzymes on methacrylamide-based copolymers.	a series of reactive polymeric supports for the covalent binding of enzymes was prepared from methacrylamide in conjunction with various copolymerized monomers. in all cases the specific surface area of the prepared copolymer particles increased with the ratio of crosslinker to monomer. the polymers containing oxirane and aldehyde groups were promising for direct binding of beta-galactosidase, whereas the supports containing amino groups also qualified for enzyme immobilization with glutaraldehy ...	1997	9090722
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi) of endonuclease digests of rna.	the determination of rna sequences using base- specific enzymatic cleavages is a well established method. different synthetic rna molecules were analyzed for uniformity of degradation by rnase t1, u2, a and phym under reaction conditions compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms), to identify the positions of g, a and pyrimidine residues. in order to get a complete set of fragments derived from cleavage at every phosphodiester bond, the samples were ...	1997	9115363
cloning of a protopectinase gene of trichosporon penicillatum and its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a protopectinase (ppase)-encoding gene, pse3, from trichosporon penicillatum was cloned by colony hybridization using two oligonucleotide probes synthesized from the n-terminal amino acid sequences of native ppase se1 and one peptide from a lysyl endopeptidase digest. nucleotide sequencing revealed that pse3 contains an orf encoding a 367 amino acid protein. mature ppase se3 is composed of 340 amino acids and the n-terminus of the orf appeared to correspond to a signal peptide and a propeptide p ...	1997	9168614
molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the isopullulanase gene from aspergillus niger a.t.c.c. 9642.	isopullulanase (ipu) from aspergillus niger a.t.c.c. (american type culture collection) 9642 hydrolyses pullulan to isopanose. ipu is important for the production of isopanose and is used in the structural analysis of oligosaccharides with alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages. we have isolated the ipua gene encoding ipu from the filamentous fungi a. niger a.t.c.c. 9642. the ipua gene encodes an open reading frame of 1695 bp (564 amino acids). ipu contained a signal sequence of 19 amino ac ...	1997	9169610
the acetate regulatory gene facb of aspergillus nidulans encodes a zn(ii)2cys6 transcriptional activator.	genetic studies have indicated that the facb gene of aspergillus nidulans is a major regulatory gene involved in acetamide and acetate utilisation. sequencing of the facb gene revealed that it encodes a protein that contains an n-terminal gal4-like zn(ii)2cys6 (or c6 zinc) binuclear cluster for dna binding, leucine zipper-like heptad repeat motifs and central and c-terminal acidic alpha-helical regions, consistent with a function as a dna-binding transcriptional activator. the zn(ii)2cys6 cluste ...	1997	9197408
influence of tallow and aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract in dairy cattle rations.	objectives were to determine the effects of adding 3 g/d of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract to diets with or without 5.6% added tallow. twenty-eight holstein cows (mean = 98 d of lactation) were assigned to a randomized block experiment in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. treatments were the basal diet 1) without tallow or extract, 2) with extract but no tallow, 3) with tallow but no extract, and 4) with tallow and extract. milk production, dry matter intake, 3.5% fat correct ...	1997	9201589
an overview of the safety evaluation of the thermomyces lanuginosus xylanase enzyme (sp 628) and the aspergillus aculeatus xylanase enzyme (sp 578).	xylanases sp 628 and sp 578 were produced by submerged fermentation of aspergillus oryzae, containing a gene code originating from thermomyces lanuginosus and aspergillus aculeatus, respectively. both enzymes were subject to the same series of toxicological tests to document their safety in use. the enzymes are to be applied as processing aids in the baking industry and in wheat starch separation. neither enzyme was found to be mutagenic in the salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay, nor ...	1997	9205568
characterization of the gene encoding an extracellular laccase of myceliophthora thermophila and analysis of the recombinant enzyme expressed in aspergillus oryzae.	a genomic dna segment encoding an extracellular laccase was isolated from the thermophilic fungus myceliophthora thermophila, and the nucleotide sequence of this gene was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of m. thermophila laccase (mtl) shows homology to laccases from diverse fungal genera. a vector containing the m. thermophila laccase coding region, under transcriptional control of an aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase gene promoter and terminator, was constructed for heterologous expr ...	1997	9251203
safety evaluation of tannase enzyme preparation derived from aspergillus oryzae.	tannase is an acylhydrolase enzyme preparation from aspergillus oryzae that can be used as a processing aid for the manufacture of cold water-soluble tea beverages. a 91-day oral toxicity study in the rat and a gene mutation study in salmonella typhimurium were performed to establish the safety of the enzyme preparation for the consumer. general toxicity was low, with no adverse effects observed at the highest dose tested, 1% in the diet. there was no evidence of mutagenic potential with or with ...	1997	9146733
expression cloning of fungal enzyme genes; a novel approach for efficient isolation of enzyme genes of industrial relevance.	expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. in contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate dna probes or primers, the expression cloning method solely relies on access to reliable and sensitive enzyme assays. a representative expression cdna library is made in saccharomyces cere ...	1997	9299700
cloning and sequence analysis of the gene (epra1) encoding an extracellular protease from aeromonas hydrophila.	a gene (epra1) encoding the extracellular protease of aeromonas hydrophila ah1 has been cloned and sequenced. nucleotide sequence analysis of epra1 predicted a single open reading frame (orf) of 1038 bp encoding a 346 amino acid (aa) polypeptide, with a potential 21-aa signal peptide. when the epra1 gene was expressed in minicells, one major band of approx. 37 kda was identified, while protease activity staining experiments identified a caseinolytic band of approx. 29 kda determined by sds-page ...	1997	9358060
trisaccharide synthesis by glycosyl transfer from p-nitrophenyl beta-d-n-acetylgalactosaminide on to disaccharide acceptors catalysed by the beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspergillus oryzae.	the beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from aspergillus oryzae catalysed the transfer of beta-d-n-acetylgalactosaminyl residues from p-nitrophenyl beta-d-n-acetylglucosaminide on to disaccharide acceptors consisting of thioethyl glycosides of alpha-d-glc-(1-->4)-beta-d-glc, beta-d-glc-(1-->4)-beta-d-glc and beta-d-glc-(1-->6)-beta-d-glc. the principle of 'anomeric control' was exemplified by the results which showed that an alpha-linkage between the units of the acceptor favoured exclusively the format ...	1997	9648256
tmc-2a, -2b and -2c, new dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors produced by aspergillus oryzae a374. ii. isolation and structure determination.	new dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors, tmc-2a, -2b, and -2c, were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus oryzae a374. on the basis of chemical, spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analyses, their structures were established to be peptide-like compounds composed of three moieties, l-tryptophan, mono- or dihydroxy-l-leucine and highly substituted isoquinoline.	1997	9315077
structure of the aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase complexed with the inhibitor acarbose at 2.0 a resolution.	the three-dimensional structure of the aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase (taka-amylase), in complex with the inhibitor acarbose, has been determined by x-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1. 98 a. the tetrasaccharide inhibitor is present as a hexasaccharide presumably resulting from a transglycosylation event. the hexasaccharide occupies the -3 to +3 subsites of the enzyme, consistent with the known number of subsites determined by kinetic studies, with the acarbose unit itself in the -1 to ...	1997	9283074
purification and characterization of an aspergillus oryzae-produced carboxylesterase that catalyzes o-deacetylation of a fully acetylated o-glucoside of n-phenylacetohydroxamic acid.	a carboxylesterase [2,3,4,6-tetra-o-acetyl-1-[(n-acetyl-n-phenylamino)oxy]-1-deoxy-beta-d-g lucopyranoside (gpa) o-deacetylase] from a culture product of aspergillus oryzae (taka diastase) was purified 8500-fold with a yield of 3%. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was shown to be 35 +/- 1 kda by sds/page. the enzyme shows a selective o-deacetylation activity of gpa to give the fully o-deacetylated glucoside. among the substrates tested, the enzyme did not hydrolyze benzoyl and phenylace ...	1997	9310360
tmc-2a, -2b and -2c, novel dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitors produced by aspergillus oryzae a374. i. taxonomy of producing strain, fermentation, and biochemical properties.	tmc-2a(1), -2b (2) and -2c (3), novel dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpiv) inhibitors, were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus oryzae a374. tmc-2a, -2b and -2c inhibited rat kidney dpiv with ic50 value of 8.1 microm, 17 microm, and 20 microm, respectively, as well as human dpiv prepared from mononuclear cells and adenocarcinoma cells. tmc-2 compounds inhibited only dpiv among the proteases tested, indicating their high selectivity for dpiv. the kinetic analyses revealed that tmc-2a wa ...	1997	9315076
development of a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae based on monoclonal antibodies.	a two-site monoclonal antibody elisa was developed to quantify the allergen asp o 2 (alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae). two mabs recognizing distinct epitopes were selected, enriched by in vitro production in a modular minifermenter and affinity-purified. the first antibody was bound to microtiter plates which were then incubated with samples containing the allergen. bound allergen was detected using a biotinylated second antibody and peroxidase-polymer-labelled streptavidin. the assay had ...	1997	9502588
regioselectivity of the enzymatic transgalactosidation of d- and l-xylose catalysed by beta-galactosidases.	the regioselectivity of enzymatic transgalactosidation depends on the source of the beta-galactosidase used. when the galactosyl acceptor only contains secondary hydroxyl groups, e.g., d- or l-xylose, it is possible to find an enzyme that catalyses preferentially the synthesis of any of the three regioisomers 4-, 3- and 2-o-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-d-xylose (1, 2 and 3, respectively) or 4-, 3- and 2-o-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-l-xylose (4, 5 and 6, respectively). enriched mixtures in 1, 2 or 3 were ...	1997	9648257
effect of organic solvents on enantioselectivity of protease catalysis.	the protease-catalyzed transesterifications between n-trifluoroacetyl-dl-phenylalanine 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester and 1-propanol were studied in a variety of anhydrous organic solvents at 30 degrees c. the protease preparations lyophilized from phosphate buffer solutions (ph 8.0) were used as catalysts. the organic solvent affected both rate of reaction and enantioselectivity differently. proteases such as aspergillus oryzae protease, subtilisin carlsberg, and subtilisin bpn' always preferred th ...	1997	18629956
proteolysis in dry fermented sausages: the effect of selected exogenous proteases.	the effect of three commercial proteases (pronase e from streptomyces griseus, aspartyl proteinase from aspergillus oryzae and papain) on protein breakdown and the sensory characteristics of dry fermented sausages was investigated. water soluble, non-protein, 5% phosphotungstic acid soluble, 5% sulphosalicylic acid soluble and total volatile basic nitrogen contents increased during fermentation, stabilizing later until the end of ripening (26th day). nitrogen values were always greater in the as ...	1997	22061850
isolation of taka-amylase a peptides required for substrate binding.	an α-amylase from aspergillus oryzae, taka-amylase a (taa), was cleaved into peptide fragments by an acid protease. inactivation of taa was greatly retarded by the addition of α-cyclodextrin or ca(2+). taa peptide fragments were separated into two groups having no and high affinity to the substrate, soluble starch. this separation was done by the forced affinity chromatography method by a column of epichlorohydrin cross-linked soluble starch gel. three peptides were isolated from the high-affini ...	1997	27396736
morphology and physiology of an alpha-amylase producing strain of aspergillus oryzae during batch cultivations.	the microscopic morphology, that is, total hyphal length and total number of tips, has been characterized during batch cultivations of aspergillus oryzae. the specific growth rate estimated by measuring the total hyphal length (mu(h)) corresponds well with the specific growth rate estimated from dry weight measurements during cultures grown as free hyphal elements. the average tip extension rate can be described with a saturation type kinetics with respect to the average total hyphal length, and ...	1996	18623577
combined expression of aspergillus nidulans endoxylanase x24 and aspergillus oryzae (alpha)-amylase in industrial baker's yeasts and their use in bread making.	the aspergillus nidulans endoxylanase x24 and the aspergillus oryzae (alpha)-amylase cdnas were placed under the control of the saccharomyces cerevisiae actin promoter (pact1) and introduced into baker's yeast. bread made with transformants expressing both enzymes (yepact-amy-act-x24) showed a 30% increase in volume and reduced firmness in comparison with that produced with a commercial strain. endoxylanase x24 and (alpha)-amylase seem to act synergistically to improve the quality of bread in te ...	1996	16535419
efficient expression of a phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in aspergillus oryzae.	a manganese peroxidase gene (mnp1) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was efficiently expressed in aspergillus oryzae. expression was achieved by fusing the mature cdna of mnp1 with the a. oryzae taka amylase promoter and secretion signal. the 3' untranslated region of the glucoamylase gene of aspergillus awamori provided the terminator. the recombinant protein (rmnp) was secreted in an active form, permitting rapid detection and purification. physical and kinetic properties of rmnp were similar t ...	1996	8975615
new international f.i.p. method for the determination of the activity of aspergillus oryzae proteases.	proteases of aspergillus oryzae are used as a drug in the therapy of digestive disorders. to standardize these enzyme the enzyme commission of the fédération internationale pharmaceutique (f.i.p.) has tested a new determination method, which will be described below. the standard preparation of a mixture of aspergillus oryzae proteases used in this test is characterized.	1996	8985984
cloning, sequencing, and expression of the cellulase genes of humicola grisea var. thermoidea.	we have cloned an endoglucanase (egi) gene and a cellobiohydrolase (cbhi) gene of humicola grisea var. thermoidea using a portion of the trichoderma reesei endoglucanase i gene as a probe, and determined their nucleotide sequences. the deduced amino acid sequence of egi was 435 amino acids in length and the coding region was interrupted by an intron. the egi lacks a hinge region and a cellulose-binding domain. the deduced amino acid sequence of cbhi was identical to the h. grisea cbhi previously ...	1996	8987622
molecular cloning, purification and characterization of two endo-1,4-beta-glucanases from aspergillus oryzae kbn616.	two endo-1,4-beta-glucanase genes, designated cela and celb, from a shoyu koji mold aspergillus oryzae kbn616, were cloned and characterized. the cela gene comprised 877 bp with two introns. the cela protein consisted of 239 amino acids and was assigned to the cellulase family h. the celb gene comprised 1248 bp with no introns. the celb protein consisted of 416 amino acids and was assigned to the cellulase family c. both genes were overexpressed under the promoter of the a. oryzae taka-amylase a ...	1996	9008887
sequence-specific binding sites in the taka-amylase a g2 promoter for the crea repressor mediating carbon catabolite repression.	the n-terminal part of the crea protein encompassing two zinc fingers was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with the maltose binding protein (male) of e. coli. our results show that crea binds to the promoter of the taa-g2 gene encoding taka-amylase a of aspergillus oryzae. dnase i footprinting experiments showed that crea bound to three sites with high affinity and to one site with low affinity within the first 401-bp region upstream of the transcription initiation site. all of ...	1996	8987852
fungal contamination of potential medical interest in spanish grain stores.	a one-year study was made of fungal spores detected in the air and in the grain of two silos and two seed stores near córdoba, spain. gravimetric and volumetric methods were used simultaneously on culture mediums to sample the air. the dilution method was employed to analyze seed contamination. a total of 70 taxa were isolated, 67 of these from the air and 46 in seeds. the most abundant airborne taxa were: aspergillus oryzae, cladosporium cladosporioides and yeast, while yeast, a. niger and a. o ...	1996	8807511
molecular cloning of a genomic dna for enolase from aspergillus oryzae.	we have isolated an enolase gene (enoa) from aspergillus oryzae by heterologous hybridization using the corresponding saccharomyces cerevisiae eno2 gene as a probe. a 2.9-kb bglii-fragment contained the entire structural gene enoa including 5'- and 3'- flanking regions. the homology between a. oryzae enoa and s. cerevisiae eno2 genes is 66.9% when introns are removed. genomic southern analysis indicated that there is only one enolase gene in a. oryzae.	1996	8824839
raw-starch-digesting and thermostable alpha-amylase from the yeast cryptococcus sp. s-2: purification, characterization, cloning and sequencing.	a starch-degrading enzyme produced by the yeast cryptococcus sp. s-2 was purified in only one step by using an alpha-cyclodextrin-sepharose 6b column, and was characterized as an alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1). the molecular mass and isoelectric point of purified alpha-amylase (amy-cs2) were estimated to be 66 kda and 4.2 respectively. amy-cs2 has raw-starch-digesting and raw-starch-absorbing activities. furthermore it was shown to be thermostable. an open reading frame of the cdna specified 611 ami ...	1996	8836148
the identification and characterization of four laccases from the plant pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani.	four distinct laccase genes, lcc1, lcc2, lcc3 and lcc4, have been identified in the fungus rhizoctonia solani. both cdna and genomic copies of these genes were isolated and characterized. hybridization analyses indicate that each of the four laccase genes is present in a single copy in the genome. the r. solani laccases can be divided into two groups based on their protein size, intron/exon organization, and transcriptional regulation. three of these enzymes have been expressed in the fungus asp ...	1996	8598061
method for the extraction of riboflavin for high-performance liquid chromatography and application to casein.	three different approaches, including the commonly used acid digestion, were compared for the efficient extraction of very low concentrations of riboflavin (vitamin b2) from casein. an extraction method that used pepsin to release riboflavin was the most efficient. the pepsin extraction method was then further optimized using a factorial design to yield the maximum amount of riboflavin. the enzyme takadiastase was used for the conversion of all forms of riboflavin to the free form, and this conv ...	1996	8952454
the effect of 6'-galactooligosaccharides on bone mineralization of rats adapted to different levels of dietary calcium.	6'-galactooligosaccharides (6'-gos), a mixture of galactosyl oligosaccharides formed from lactose by the transgalactosyl reaction with beta-d-galactosidase derived from aspergillus oryzae and streptococcus thermophillus, are unhydrolyzed in the small intestine and are fermented by the intestinal bacteria. the effects of 6'-gos on calcium (ca) absorption and bone mineralization were examined in male wistar rats adapted to different levels of dietary ca for 30 days. dietary 6'-gos (5 g/100 g of di ...	1996	8899459
construction of a promoter probe vector autonomously maintained in aspergillus and characterization of promoter regions derived from a. niger and a. oryzae genomes.	we used a plasmid carrying a sequence for autonomous maintenance in aspergillus (ama1) and the e. coli uida gene as a reporter gene to search the a. oryzae and a. niger genomes for dna fragments having strong promoter activity. beta-glucuronidase (gus)-producing a. oryzae transformants containing the no. 8an derived from a. niger, or the no. 9ao derived from a. oryzae, were constitutive for the expression of the uida gene when cultivated in the presence of a variety of carbon and nitrogen source ...	1996	8901095
purification, characterization, molecular cloning, and expression of two laccase genes from the white rot basidiomycete trametes villosa.	two laccases have been purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from the extracellular medium of a 2,5-xylidine-induced culture of the white rot basidiomycete trametes villosa (polyporus pinsitus or coriolus pinsitus). these proteins are dimeric, consisting of two subunits of 63 kda as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and have typical blue laccase spectral properties. under nondenaturing conditions, the two purified laccases have different pis; pur ...	1996	8975613
cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding tannase and a structural study of the tannase subunit from aspergillus oryzae.	we cloned the aspergillus oryzae tannase gene using three oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) probes synthesized according to the tannase n-terminal and an internal amino acid (aa) sequence. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the tannase gene was determined and compared with that of a tannase dna complementary to rna (cdna) by means of reverse transcriptase pcr. the results indicated that there was no intron in the tannase gene and that it coded for 588 aa with a molecular weight of about 64,000. the ...	1996	8917102
effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae cultures on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows.	four lactating holstein cows, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were used in a 4 x 4 latin square design to examine the effects of supplemental yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fungal (aspergillus oryzae) cultures on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, and nutrient supply to the small intestine. cows were fed a basal diet comprising 32.5% corn silage, 17.5% alfalfa hay, 35.3% corn grain, 12.7% soybean meal, and 2% vitamin and mineral mixture on a dm basis. treatments were a ...	1996	8708102
pectin methyl esterase from aspergillus aculeatus: expression cloning in yeast and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	seventeen full-length cdnas encoding pectin methyl esterase i (pme i) have been isolated from the filamentous fungus aspergillus aculeatus by expression cloning in yeast. yeast colonies expressing functional pme i were identified on agar plates containing highly esterified pectin, and a cdna encoding pme i was isolated. the deduced amino acid sequence of pme i is highly similar (74% identity) to the pme from aspergillus niger. a full-length cdna encoding pme i was cloned into an aspergillus expr ...	1996	8920970
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding enolase from the filamentous fungus, aspergillus oryzae.	a 1.6-kbp full-length cdna for the aspergillus oryzae enolase gene (enoa) was cloned. the sequenced insert contained a continuous open reading frame of 1314 bp encoding a protein of molecular weight 47 405. among all enolases sequenced to-date, the deduced amino-acid sequence showed the highest homology (74.9%) with candida albicans enolase (eno1). strong codon biases and multiple transcription start sites downstream from ct-blocks in the 5'-flanking region suggested strong expression. enoa mrna ...	1996	8929395
deletion analysis of promoter elements of the aspergillus oryzae agda gene encoding alpha-glucosidase.	the nucleotide sequence of a 1.5-kb fragment of the promoter region of the aspergillus oryzae agda gene encoding alpha-glucosidase was determined. a comparison with the promoter regions of other aspergillus amylase genes indicated that there are three highly conserved sequences, designated regions i, ii and iii, located at -670 nt, -596 nt and -544 nt relative to the start codon, respectively. the function of these consensus sequences in the agda promoter was investigated by deletion analysis of ...	1996	8929396
[uses of microbial beta-galactosidases to reduce lactose content in milk and dairy products].	the commercial sources of microbial beta-galactosidases (lactases) include the yeasts species kluyveromyces marxianus, kluyveromyces lactis and candida kefyr which are used to hydrolyse lactose in milk due to their optimum ph. on the other hand, lactases obtained from the moulds aspergillus niger and aspergillus oryzae have an acid optimum ph and therefore are used to hydrolyse lactose in whey to obtain whey syrups to be used as raw materials in the food industry. the lactose intolerance problem ...	1996	9122548
interaction of proteases with legume seed inhibitors. molecular features.	after having found that raw black beans (phaseolus vulgaris) were toxic, while the cooked ones constitute the basic diet of the underdeveloped peoples of the world, in the sixties, our research directed by dr. jaffé, concentrated mainly around the detection and identification of the heat labile toxic factors in legume seeds. a micromethod for the detection of protease inhibitors (pi) in individual seeds was developed, for the purpose of establishing that the multiple trypsin inhibitors (ti) foun ...	1996	9137634
acceleration of sterol excretion, little meteorism, and less inhibition of iron absorption by okara koji, a new foodstuff, in rats.	okara koji (ok) is the term for okara fermented by aspergillus oryzae (a fungus for making miso koji). the amount of sterol excreted in the feces from rats fed with ok as the dietary fiber (df) source was greater than that from rats fed with okara (oc, the insoluble residue of homogenized soybean) as the df source. the digestive residue of ok's insoluble dietary fiber (idf) was more porous than that of oc-idf. the stronger sterol excretion with ok would have arisen from the complementary action ...	1996	8829521
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the mono- and diacylglycerol lipase gene (mdlb) of aspergillus oryzae.	aspergillus oryzae ifo4202 produces at least two extracellular lipolytic enzymes l1 and l2 (cutinase, and mono- and diacylglycerol lipase, respectively). southern hybridization of restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna fragments with 23-mer oligonucleotides synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of the l2 as probe suggested the presence of the l2 gene (tentatively designated as mdlb) and an additional weakly hybridizing region. a fragment containing the genomic mdlb gene was cloned in ...	1996	8807803
the synthesis of galactopyranosyl derivatives with beta-galactosidases of different origins.	beta-galactosidases from four different sources were used to catalyze the transfer of beta-d-galactopyranosyl from 4-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside to a hydroxyl group of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-galactopyranose in the synthesis of gal beta (1-3)galnac (1), gal beta (1-4)galnac (2) and gal beta (1-6)galnac (3), in triethyl phosphate buffered solutions (20-60%). when beta-galactosidases from penicillium multicolor and aspergillus oryzae were used as the catalysts, the beta (1-6)-linked disacchar ...	1996	8870243
structural consequences of neopullulanase mutations.	bacillus stearothermophilus neopullulanase (npl) structure was modeled based on aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase (taa) to understand the structure-function relationships of this pullulan hydrolyzing enzyme. the npl structure seems to consist of a central (alpha/beta)8 barrel to which the other domains are attached. the immediate surroundings of the npl catalytic site were found to have very similar structure to taa. the more distant sites are different due to the stereochemical requirements of a ...	1996	8695646
isolation and characterization of the nuclease o gene (nuco) from aspergillus oryzae.	nuclease o in the mycelia of aspergillus oryzae has been purified 55-fold by successive steps of chromatography from the filtrate of the autolyzate. the molecular mass of nuclease o was 32 kda, as estimated by sds polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. the nuclease o gene (nuco) encoding this enzyme was cloned and sequenced. the open reading frame is interrupted by four introns with conserved splice sites and contains 328 amino-acid residues of the mature enzyme. a. nidulans transformants obtained ...	1996	8781174
the crystal structure of ribonuclease rh from rhizopus niveus at 2.0 a resolution.	the three-dimensional structure of ribonuclease rh (rnase rh), a new class of microbial ribonuclease from rhizopus niveus, has been determined at 2.0 a resolution. the overall structure of rnase rh is completely different from those of other previously studied rnases, such as rnase a from bovine pancreas and rnase t1 from aspergillus oryzae. in the structure of rnase rh, two histidine residues (his46 and his109) and one glutamic acid residue (glu105), which were predicted to be critical to the a ...	1996	8551522
safety evaluation of a lipase expressed in aspergillus oryzae.	a programme of studies was conducted to establish the safety of a lipase artificially expressed in aspergillus oryzae to be used in the detergent industry and as a processing aid in the baking industry. laboratory animal studies were used to assess general and inhalation toxicity, skin sensitization, and skin and eye irritation. its potential to cause mutagenicity and chromosomal aberrations was assessed in microbial and tissue culture in vitro studies. the pathogenicity of a. oryzae, the organi ...	1996	8606032
identification of the active-site peptide of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase from aspergillus oryzae.	the non-oxidative decarboxylation of aromatic acids is a poorly understood reaction. the transformation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid to catechol in the fungal metabolism of indole is a prototype of such a reaction. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase (ec 4.1.1.46) which catalyzes this reaction was purified to homogeneity from anthranilate induced cultures of aspergillus oryzae using affinity chromatography. the enzyme did not require cofactors like nad+, plp, tpp or metal ions for its activi ...	1996	8620029
invariant glycines and prolines flanking in loops the strand beta 2 of various (alpha/beta)8-barrel enzymes: a hidden homology?	the question of parallel (alpha/beta)8-barrel fold evolution remains unclear, owing mainly to the lack of sequence homology throughout the amino acid sequences of (alpha/beta)8-barrel enzymes. the "classical" approaches used in the search for homologies among (alpha/beta)8-barrels (e.g., production of structurally based alignments) have yielded alignments perfect from the structural point of view, but the approaches have been unable to reveal the homologies. these are proposed to be "hidden" in ...	1996	8762144
the effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae on fermentations in the rumen of faunated and defaunated sheep; protozoal and probiotic interactions.	we measured the effect of the direct addition to the rumen of saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc 50 mg/day) and aspergillus oryzae (ao 3 g/day) on the fermentation processes in fistulated sheep. the measurements were carried out on animals whose rumens were first defaunated and then refaunated. the animals received a ration composed of hay (600 g/day), barley (600 g/day) and soybean meal (150 g/day), fed twice daily in two equal meals. the number of fungi and total, viable or cellulolytic bacteria wer ...	1996	8766732
effect of probiotic supplementation on growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol in broilers.	1. the effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on the growth, nitrogen utilisation and serum cholesterol content of broiler chickens was studied in 2 trials. 2. in experiment 1, the birds receiving the 0, 75, 100, 125 mg probiotic/kg diets had weight gains of 1204.0, 1272.0, 1268.3 and 1210.5, respectively at the end of 8 weeks of feeding. the group of birds fed on the 75 mg probiotic supplemented diet retained significantly (p < 0.01) more nitrogen than the control birds. serum cholesterol ...	1996	8773848
ergot alkaloid glycosides with immunomodulatory activities.	new glycosides derived from ergot alkaloids elymoclavine and dh-lysergol were synthesized by chemoenzymatic methods. beta-glucosides were obtained either by chemical method or by transglycosylation (glycosidase from aspergillus oryzae), lactosides were prepared by further extension of carbohydrate chain using beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (bovine milk) and alpha-5-n-acetylneuraminyl-(2-->6)-beta-d-galactopyranosyl-(l-->4)-2- acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->o)-elymoclavine was prepa ...	1996	8818236
heating inactivates the enzymatic activity and partially inactivates the allergenic activity of asp o 2.	sensitization to various flours and flour additives in the baking industry has been known for some time. however, most studies refer to allergens in their native state.	1996	8835132
separation of enzymes from polyenzyme mixtures used in medicine and pharmacy. i. isolation and characterization of xylanase from aspergillus oryzae.	three multiple forms (f-i, f-ii and f-iii) of xylanase produced from aspergillus oryzae were established in the commercial preparation luizym. two methods were used (ion-exchange chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). the active xylanase fraction (f-iii-ii-i) was purified and characterized (phopt 4.5; topt 37 degrees c and molecular mass 38.5 kda). the products of the enzymatic reaction were analysed by hplc. the hydrolysis pattern showed that the xylanase was an exo-endo acting ...	1996	8941946
characterization of soybean allergens causing sensitization of occupationally exposed bakers.	fourteen bakers suffering from workplace-related respiratory symptoms and sensitized to soybean were studied. twelve of them were also allergic to wheat flour, 10 to rye flour, and five to alpha-amylase of aspergillus oryzae (asp o 2). ige estimation by rast strongly indicated that the trypsin inhibitor and lipoxidase are major allergens of soybean. various allergenic components could be characterized by immunoblotting after two-dimensional electrophoresis. our rast and immunoblotting results sh ...	1996	8836337
influence of gelatin matrices cross-linked with transglutaminase on the properties of an enclosed bioactive material using beta-galactosidase as model system.	transglutaminase (protein-glutamine: amine gamma-glutamyltransferase, ec 2.3.2.13) from streptoverticillium mobaraense has been used to stabilize immobilisates produced with beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.23) from aspergillus oryzae and acid-processed gelatins of different qualities as support. the isopeptide level of n epsilon-(gamma-l-glutamyl)-l-lysine bonds formed by transglutaminase was determined to estimate their influence on the kinetic properties of th ...	1996	8853118
functionally essential, invariant glutamate near the c-terminus of strand beta 5 in various (alpha/beta)8-barrel enzymes as a possible indicator of their evolutionary relatedness.	twelve different (alpha/beta)8-barrel enzymes belonging to three structurally distinct families were found to contain, near the c-terminus of their strand beta 5, a conserved invariant glutamic acid residue that plays an important functional role in each of these enzymes. the search was based on the idea that a conserved sequence region of an (alpha/beta)8-barrel enzyme should be more or less conserved also in the equivalent part of the structure of the other enzymes with this folding motif owin ...	1995	8637850
variability in heat-induced fragmentation of a protein in the presence of dodecyl sulfate: the role of an intramolecular sulfhydryl/disulfide exchange.	alpha-amylase from aspergillus oryzae was investigated to better understand how disulfide-bonded proteins behave during denaturation with dodecyl sulfate. it was previously reported that the alpha-amylase, when denatured with dodecyl sulfate, forms two species, d1 and d2. in d1, the disulfide bonds remain intact, while in d2, there is a restricted single sulfhydryl/disulfide (sh/ss) exchange reaction. this phenomenon was re-examined as follows: electrophoretic analysis of fragments created with ...	1995	8720123
s1 nuclease: immunoaffinity purification and evidence for the proximity of cysteine 25 to the substrate binding site.	a simple procedure, involving heat treatment, gel filtration on sephadex-g 100 followed by chromatography on anti-s1 nuclease antibodies bound to sepharose, was developed for purification of s1 nuclease to homogeneity with an overall yield of 72%. s1 nuclease was rapidly inactivated, at ph 6.0 and 37 degrees c, in presence of o-phthalaldehyde. kinetic analysis of o-phthalaldehyde medicated inactivation showed that the reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and the loss of enzyme activity ...	1995	8619949
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the ribonuclease t1 gene (rnta) from aspergillus oryzae and its expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae.	a genomic dna encoding ribonuclease (rnase) t1 from aspergillus oryzae was cloned using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe. the cloned gene (designated rnta) encoded functional rnase t1, since an a. oryzae transformant with multiple copies of the rnta gene showed higher rnase t1 activity (over 200 times) than a transformant with a vector. a cdna was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with primers corresponding to the 5' terminus and 3' terminus of the reading frame ...	1995	8534978
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a gene encoding an aspartic proteinase from aspergillus oryzae.		1995	8540376