Publications

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[comparison of the mechanism of cardiotonic action of the fraction 3 of mai-bao and digoxin on rat isolated heart].mai-bao (mb) is a beverage obtained by fermentation of sweet camellia sinensis tea by the tea-mushroom treasure. the action of the chromatographic fraction 3 of mai-bao (mb-f3) is cardiotonic.201122765949
black tea improves attention and self-reported alertness.tea has previously been demonstrated to better help sustain alertness throughout the day in open-label studies. we investigated whether tea improves attention and self-reported alertness in two double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover studies. participants received black tea (made from commercially available tea bags) in one condition and placebo tea (hot water with food colours and flavours) similar in taste and appearance to real tea in the other condition. attention was measure ...201121172396
deep sequencing of the camellia sinensis transcriptome revealed candidate genes for major metabolic pathways of tea-specific compounds.tea is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide. however, the tea plant, camellia sinensis, is difficult to culture in vitro, to transform, and has a large genome, rendering little genomic information available. recent advances in large-scale rna sequencing (rna-seq) provide a fast, cost-effective, and reliable approach to generate large expression datasets for functional genomic analysis, which is especially suitable for non-model species with un-sequenced genomes.201121356090
coffee, green tea, black tea and oolong tea consumption and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease in japanese men and women.the effects of coffee and green, black and oolong teas and caffeine intake on cardiovascular disease (cvd) mortality have not been well defined in asian countries.201119996359
green tea minimally affects biomarkers of inflammation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome.green tea (camellia sinensis) has shown to exert cardioprotective benefits in observational studies. the objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of green tea on features of metabolic syndrome and inflammation in obese subjects.201120605696
antiobesity effects of green tea catechins: a mechanistic review.green tea catechins (gtc) are polyphenolic compounds present in the unfermented dried leaves of the plant, camellia sinensis. results from a number of randomized, controlled intervention trials have shown that consumption of gtc (270 mg to 1200 mg/day) may reduce body weight and fat. there are several proposed mechanisms whereby gtc may influence body weight and composition. the predominating hypothesis is that gtc influences sympathetic nervous system (sns) activity, increasing energy expenditu ...201121115335
localization of aluminium in tea (camellia sinensis) leaves using low energy x-ray fluorescence spectro-microscopy.information on localization of al in tea leaf tissues is required in order to better understand al tolerance mechanism in this al-accumulating plant species. here, we have used low-energy x-ray fluorescence spectro-microscopy (lexrf) to study localization of al and other low z-elements, namely c, o, mg, si and p, in fully developed leaves of the tea plant [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze]. plants were grown from seeds for 3 months in a hydroponic solution, and then exposed to 200 microm alcl(3) ...201120422247
an lc-esi/ms method for determining theanine in green tea dietary supplements.theanine is the major amino acid present in camellia sinensis or green tea. a method for determining theanine in its native state using liquid chromatography with positive-mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was developed. quantitation of theanine was achieved using theanine-[(2)h(5)] as an internal standard. this approach was utilized on different green tea matrix materials that are commonly used as dietary supplements including powdered plant leaves, a powdered plant leaf ...201020422160
black tea polyphenols-mediated in vivo cellular responses during carcinogenesis.tea (camellia sinensis), a popular beverage, is consumed worldwide. the biological activities and mechanism(s) of chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols (monomeric catechins) have been extensively studied, while similar information regarding newly formed major black tea polyphenols (btps-oligomeric, polymeric) is not available. therefore, this review focuses mainly on compiling the evidence on chemopreventive efficacy of black tea extract (bte) / btps and describing their mechanism(s) ...201020370700
efficient solubilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes using tea solutions.here we describe the finding that oolong tea and black tea act as excellent carbon nanotube solubilizers to produce individually dissolved single-walled carbon nanotubes (swnts), which have been revealed using visible-near ir absorption, photoluminescence and raman spectroscopy as well as afm study. the oolong tea solution has a tendency to individually dissolve metallic swnts that can be detected by 514 nm-excition, and in solution, the (11,3)swnts enriched and (11,0)swnts that are contained in ...201020355373
new triterpenoids and other constituents from a special microbial-fermented tea-fuzhuan brick tea.fuzhuan brick tea, a special microbial-fermented tea prepared from the leaves of camellia sinensis var. sinensis, is a traditional beverage used in china throughout history. phytochemical investigation of this material led to the identification of three new triterpenoids, 3beta,6alpha,13beta-trihydroxyolean-7-one (1), 3beta-acetoxy-6alpha,13beta-dihydroxyolean-7-one (2), and 3beta-o-(8-hydroxyoctanoyl)-12-oleanene (3), together with 11 known compounds, friedelin (4), beta-amyrone (5), beta-amyri ...201020307093
silica gel-polyethylene glycol as a new adsorbent for solid phase extraction of cobalt and nickel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.in this paper a novel solid phase extraction method to determine co(ii) and ni(ii) using silica gel-polyethylene glycol (silica-peg) as a new adsorbent is described. the method is based on the adsorption of cobalt and nickel ions in alkaline media on polyethylene glycol-silica gel in a mini-column, elution with nitric acid and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. the adsorption conditions such as naoh concentration, sample volume and amount of adsorbent were optimized in order ...201020298852
a novel preconcentration procedure using cloud point extraction for determination of lead, cobalt and copper in water and food samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry.in this work, a new cloud point extraction (cpe) procedure was developed for the separation and preconcentration of lead(ii), cobalt(ii), and copper(ii) in various water and food samples. complexes of metal ions with 1-phenylthiosemicarbazide (1-ptsc) were extracted into the surfactant-rich phase of octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (triton x-114) from samples. after phase separation, the enriched analytes were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (faas). factors affecting cloud point ...201020226223
oxalate content of green tea of different origin, quality, preparation and time of harvest.the purpose of the study was to analyse the oxalate content of green tea (camellia sinensis) depending on origin, quality, time of harvest and preparation. fifty-two green tea samples were received from different regions of china. the oxalate content of each tea infusion was measured using a validated hplc-enzyme-reactor method. the soluble oxalate content of green tea ranged from 8.3 to 139.8 mg/l. in samples from known provenances, the highest oxalate concentration was found in green tea from ...201020204342
distribution and biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in camellia sinensis seedlings and expression of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes.the distribution of phenolic compounds in young and developing leaves, stems, main and lateral roots and cotyledons of 8-week-old tea (camellia sinensis) seedlings was investigated using hplc-ms(2). fourteen compounds, flavan-3-ols, chlorogenic acids, and kaempferol-o-glycosides, were identified on the basis of their retention time, absorbance spectrum, and ms fragmentation pattern. the major phenolics were (-)-epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate and (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate, located principally in ...201020189205
on-line hplc method for screening of antioxidants against superoxide anion radical from complex mixtures.a practical approach for rapidly screening antioxidants against superoxide anion radicals from complex mixtures was developed based on the quantitative difference in active compounds before and after their reaction. to test the effectiveness of the approach, seven flavonoids with antioxidative properties were investigated both individually and in a mixture. using the approach, antioxidants could be rapidly separated and screened with a ranked order of activities in the meantime. the radical scav ...201020183820
the chemistry of low molecular weight black tea polyphenols.this review summarises the chemistry of low molecular weight polyphenols isolated and characterised from black tea, discussing both structures identified and mechanisms of their likely formation.201020179879
the effects of theaflavin-enriched black tea extract on muscle soreness, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine responses to acute anaerobic interval training: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.muscle soreness and decreased performance often follow a bout of high-intensity exercise. by reducing these effects, an athlete can train more frequently and increase long-term performance. the purpose of this study is to examine whether a high-potency, black tea extract (bte) alters the delayed onset muscle soreness (doms), oxidative stress, inflammation, and cortisol (cort) responses to high-intensity anaerobic exercise.201020178632
effects of green tea, black tea and rooibos tea on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in healthy volunteers.tea has been reported to reduce cardiovascular mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. the aim of the current project was to investigate the effect of green tea (japanese sencha), black tea (indian assam b.o.p.) and rooibos tea (south africa) on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) and nitric oxide (no).201020144258
polyphenolics profile, antioxidant and radical scavenging activity of leaves and stem of raphanus sativus l.aerial parts (leaves and stem) of raphanus sativus, which are usually discarded were found to possess potent antioxidant and radical scavenging activity, as measured by standard antioxidant assays. methanolic and acetone extracts of r. sativus leaves had total polyphenolic content of 86.16 and 78.77 mg/g dry extract, which were comparable to the traditional rich sources such as green tea and black tea. hplc identification of polyphenolics indicated the presence of catechin, protocatechuic acid, ...201020072818
structural characteristics for superoxide anion radical scavenging and productive activities of green tea polyphenols including proanthocyanidin dimers.the purpose of this paper is to report structural characteristics for superoxide anion radical (o(2(-))) scavenging and productive activities of green tea polyphenols. (-)-epicatechin 3-o-gallate (5), (-)-epigallocatechin (6), (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gallate (7), (+)-gallocatechin-(4alpha-->8')-epigallocatechin (8), and (-)-epigallocatechin-(2beta-->o-->7', 4beta-->8')-epicatechin 3'-o-gallate (9) were isolated from the tea plant camellia sinensis l. (+)-epigallocatechin-(2beta-->o-->7, 4beta-- ...201020045974
[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea and tea infusions].tea is the one of most widely consumed beverage in the world. it is generally believed that tea consumption might have health promoting properties. but residues of certain chemical compounds might impose a health threat on tea drinkers. the main contaminants are heavy metals, fluoride, pesticides and even dioxins. tea lives which possess a high surface area can be contaminated with atmospheric pahs. the manufacturing processes may also introduce pahs into tea lives. the aim of his study was to d ...201021365858
a novel green chemical route for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using camellia sinensis.the thrust to develop environmental friendly procedures for production of nanoparticles arises from the very fact that current nanotechnology research uses a lot of chemicals, which are potential threat to both environment and public health. tea (camellia sinensis) with its rich source of polyphenolic compounds has been exploited for the reduction and capping of silver nanoparticles (ag-nps), making it a complete green chemical route. the reduction of ag+ to ag0 was observed by the color change ...201024061881
clonal variation of tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] in countering water deficiency.various clones of tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] such as ttl-1, ttl-2, ttl-4, ttl-5, ttl-6, upasi-2 and upasi-3 planted in the field were subjected to soil moisture stress conditions by withholding irrigation. a control set of the same clones were maintained by watering regularly. the soil water content of the irrigated and non irrigated plants was monitored through the soil moisture status. the extent of effect of drought on tea plants were monitored through various physiological parame ...201023572986
mass spectrometric characterization of black tea thearubigins leading to an oxidative cascade hypothesis for thearubigin formation.thearubigins are the most abundant group of phenolic pigments found in black tea, accounting for an estimated 60-70% of the solids in a typical black tea infusion. fifty years ago the term thearubigins was first introduced and to date the chemical nature of the thearubigins remains largely unresolved, if not mysterious, despite numerous attempts made to clarify their structure. thearubigins isolated from 15 commercial black teas have been analyzed using a strategy combining standard chemical cha ...201021072794
profiles of purine metabolism in leaves and roots of camellia sinensis seedlings.to determine the metabolic profiles of purine nucleotides and related compounds in leaves and roots of tea (camellia sinensis), we studied the in situ metabolic fate of 10 different (14)c-labeled precursors in segments from tea seedlings. the activities of key enzymes in tea leaf extracts were also investigated. the rates of uptake of purine precursors were greater in leaf segments than in root segments. adenine and adenosine were taken up more rapidly than other purine bases and nucleosides. xa ...201021071429
home management of acute diarrhoea in czech children.the aim of the study was to investigate home management of childhood acute diarrhoea.201020639709
determination of antioxidants by a novel on-line hplc-cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (cuprac) assay with post-column detection.a novel on-line hplc-cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (cuprac) method was developed for the selective determination of polyphenols (flavonoids, simple phenolic and hydroxycinnamic acids) in complex plant matrices. the method combines chromatographic separation, constituent analysis, and post-column identification of antioxidants in plant extracts. the separation of polyphenols was performed on a c18 column using gradient elution with two different mobile phase solutions, i.e., meoh and 0.2% ...201020638503
determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples by automated on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.a simple and sensitive automated method, consisting of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (spme) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (hplc-fld), was developed for the determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in food samples. pahs were separated within 15 min by hplc using a zorbax eclipse pah column with a water/acetonitrile gradient elution program as the mobile phase. the optimum in-tube spme conditions were 20 draw/eject cycles of 40 ...201020637468
camellisins a-c, three new triterpenoids from the roots of camellia sinensis.eighteen compounds, including three new triterpenoids, camellisins a-c (1-3), were isolated from the roots of camellia sinensis. their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis.201020606341
the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of green tea polyphenols: a role in cancer prevention.green tea (camellia sinensis) is rich in catechins, of which (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) is the most abundant. studies in animal models of carcinogenesis have shown that green tea and egcg can inhibit tumorigenesis during the initiation, promotion and progression stages. many potential mechanisms have been proposed including both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, but questions remain regarding the relevance of these mechanisms to cancer prevention. in the present review, we will dis ...201020558130
enhancement of the phagocytic activity of macrophage-like cells with a crude polysaccharide derived from green tea (camellia sinensis) extract.to identify the immunostimulants included in green tea extract, we investigated a crude tea polysaccharide related to increases in phagocytic activity using macrophage-like cells, and found that the crude tea polysaccharide from immature tea leaves included many rnas as compared with that from mature tea leaves. furthermore, the crude tea polysaccharide increased phagocytosis through toll-like receptor 7.201020530892
botanicals in dermatology: an evidence-based review.botanical extracts and single compounds are increasingly used in cosmetics but also in over-the-counter drugs and food supplements. the focus of the present review is on controlled clinical trials with botanicals in the treatment of acne, inflammatory skin diseases, skin infections, uv-induced skin damage, skin cancer, alopecia, vitiligo, and wounds. studies with botanical cosmetics and drugs are discussed, as well as studies with botanical food supplements. experimental research on botanicals w ...201020509719
green and black tea inhibit cytokine-induced il-8 production and secretion in ags gastric cancer cells via inhibition of nf-κb activity.consumption of tea is associated with a reduced risk for several gastrointestinal cancers. inflammatory processes, such as secretion of il-8 from the gastric epithelium in response to chronic chemokine or antigen exposure, serve both as a chemoattractant for white blood cells and a prerequisite for gastric carcinogenesis. in this study, the gastric adenocarcinoma cell line ags was used to investigate the effect of green tea extract, black tea extract, and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), the mos ...201020506079
evaluation of fungal burden and aflatoxin presence in packed medicinal plants treated by gamma radiation.this study was developed to evaluate the fungal burden, toxigenic molds, and mycotoxin contamination and to verify the effects of gamma radiation in four kinds of medicinal plants stored before and after 30 days of irradiation treatment. eighty samples of medicinal plants (peumus boldus, camellia sinensis, maytenus ilicifolia, and cassia angustifolia) purchased from drugstores, wholesale, and open-air markets in são paulo city, brazil, were analyzed. the samples were treated using a (60)co gamma ...201020501045
tea consumption and risk of ovarian cancer.although the growth inhibitory effects of tea, particularly green tea, and tea polyphenols have been demonstrated in animal models of ovarian cancer, the results of epidemiological studies have been inconclusive.201020490647
aroma characteristics of cocoa tea (camellia ptilophylla chang).three types of cocoa tea, green, oolong, and black, were prepared from fresh young leaves of camellia ptilophylla. their aroma characteristics were compared by a sensory evaluation with corresponding traditional tea samples made from c. sinensis. the aroma profile of cocoa green tea was quite different from that of traditional green tea, but fermented cocoa oolong tea and black tea showed aroma profiles similar to those of traditional oolong tea and black tea. cocoa green tea contained vanillin ...201020460717
study on the purification and characterization of a polysaccharide conjugate from tea flowers.in this paper, the crude polysaccharides from the flowers of tea plant (camellia sinensis) (tfps) extracted with hot water were fractionated on a deae sepharose ff chromatography to get tfps1 with a yield of 18%. the properties and chemical compositions of tfps1 were analyzed with gc, hpgpc, ic, ir methods and its morphology was observed with atomic force microscopy (afm). the results showed that tfps1 was a neutral glycoprotein conjugate with a molecular weight 500kda. the alanine, threonine, g ...201020430052
unraveling the structure of the black tea thearubigins.thearubigins are the most abundant group of phenolic pigments found in black tea accounting for an estimated 60% of the solids in a typical black tea infusion. fifty years ago the term thearubigins was first introduced and up to now the chemical nature of the thearubigins remains largely unresolved if not mysterious despite many efforts clarifying their structure. this paper summarizes some of our attempts to clarify and elucidate the chemical nature of the thearubigins, presenting for 15 commer ...201020430006
metabolomics analysis reveals the compositional differences of shade grown tea (camellia sinensis l.).the different cultivation methods affect tea quality by altering the basic metabolite profiles. in this study, the metabolome changes were investigated in green tea and shade cultured green tea (tencha) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) coupled with a multivariate data set. the principal component analysis (pca) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (opls-da) of green tea clearly showed higher levels ...201019994861
black tea reduces uric acid and c-reactive protein levels in humans susceptible to cardiovascular diseases.the effect of black tea on the level of uric acid (ua) and c-reactive proteins (crp) in humans susceptible to ischemic heart diseases was assessed in a prospective randomized controlled study. the study group consumed 9 g of black tea (equivalent to three cups of tea) daily for 12 weeks without additives followed by a 3-week wash-out (with control group consuming equivalent volume of hot water). black tea consumption induced a highly significant decrease in the high uric acid baseline groups > 6 ...201019963031
fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer: results from the south and east china case-control study on bladder cancer.although several studies have assessed the association between total fluid intake, specific drinks and bladder cancer, no firm conclusions can yet be drawn. four hundred thirty two bladder cancer cases and 392 frequency matched hospital-based controls recruited in the south and east of china between october 2005 and june 2008 were interviewed on their intake of 6 nonalcoholic and 3 alcoholic drinks. age, sex, smoking and hospital-adjusted odds ratios (or) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% ...201019957334
extraction of antioxidants and caffeine from green tea (camelia sinensis) leaves: kinetics and modeling.the effects of temperature (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 °c) and time (5, 10, 20, 40, 80 min) on catechins and caffeine solubility in water from iranian green tea were investigated, the best combinations of temperature and time extraction with water were 20-40 min, 80 °c for epigallocatechin (egc), epicatechin (ec) and caffeine (caff), and 80 min, 90 °c for catechin (c), epicatechin gallate (ecg) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg). a mathematical model derived from fick's second law was then used to calc ...201021339166
reaction of the black tea pigment theaflavin during enzymatic oxidation of tea catechins.degradation of the black tea pigment theaflavin was examined in detail. enzymatic oxidation of a mixture of epigallocatechin and epicatechin initially produced theaflavin, while prolonged reaction decreased the product. addition of ethanol to the reaction mixture at the point when theaflavin began to decrease afforded four new products, together with theanaphthoquinone, a known oxidation product of theaflavin. the structures of the new products were determined by spectroscopic methods. one of th ...201020014758
distribution and biosynthesis of theanine in theaceae plants.the theanine content of the leaves of 27 species or varieties of theaceae plants was investigated. theanine was present in 21 species or varieties, but in much lower amounts (<0.2 mumol/g fresh weight) than the quantity detected in camellia sinensis var. sinensis. the major free amino acids in leaves of four species belonging to the genera schima and eurya, were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, alanine and proline and content of these amino acids is similar to or higher than ...201019828327
consumption of coffee, green tea, oolong tea, black tea, chocolate snacks and the caffeine content in relation to risk of diabetes in japanese men and women.although the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of diabetes has been reported numerous times, the role of caffeine intake in this association has remained unclear. we evaluated the consumption of coffee and other beverages and food containing caffeine in relation to the incidence of diabetes. the study participants were 5897 men and 7643 women in a community-based cohort in takayama, japan. consumption of coffee, green tea, oolong tea, black tea and chocolate snacks were mea ...201019818197
the effectiveness of hibiscus sabdariffa in the treatment of hypertension: a systematic review.hypertension is a common global health problem with significant mortality and morbidity. hibiscus sabdariffa is a plant known in many countries and is consumed as hot and cold drinks in addition to its use in folk medicine; it has been suggested as treatment for many conditions including hypertension.201019801187
determination of pb2+ ions by a modified carbon paste electrode based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and nanosilica.a novel carbon paste ion selective electrode for determination of trace amount of lead was prepared. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) and nanosilica were used for improvement of a lead carbon paste sensor response. mwcnts have a good conductivity which helps the transduction of the signal in carbon paste electrode. the electrode composition of 20 wt% paraffin oil, 57% graphite powder, 15% ionophore (thiram), 5% mwcnts, and 3% nanosilica showed the stable potential response to pb(2+) ions w ...201019758753
a novel ionic liquid/micro-volume back extraction procedure combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of trace nickel in samples of nutritional interest.a simple, highly sensitive and environment-friendly method for the determination of trace amount of nickel ion in different matrices is proposed. in the preconcentration step, the nickel from 10 ml of an aqueous solution was extracted into 500 microl of ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [c(4)mim][pf(6)], containing pan as complexing agent. subsequently, the pan complex was back-extracted into 250 microl of nitric acid solution, and 100 microl of it was analyzed by flo ...201019744780
toxic and essential mineral elements content of black tea leaves and their tea infusions consumed in iran.the metal contents of eleven black tea samples, four cultivated in iran and seven imported, and their tea infusions were determined. twelve elements consisting toxic metals (al, as, pb, cr, cd, and ni) and essential mineral elements (fe, zn, cu, mn, ca, and mg) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (icp-aes). al, ca, mg, and mn ranged in black tea leaves at mg g(-1) levels, while cr, fe, ni, cu, zn were at microg g(-1) levels. analysis of variance showed no ...201019609493
a csgs is regulated at transcriptional level during developmental stages and nitrogen utilization in camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze.glutamine synthetase is a very important enzyme of ammonium assimilation in plants. here, we report on the regulation of a cytosolic glutamine synthetase (csgs) from camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze during developmental stages and light/dark conditions on the utilization of nitrate and ammonia. the csgs expression levels decreased during dormancy compared to non-dormancy phase of growth. different leaf positions present different ages of the leaf and csgs expression level was highest in apical b ...201019449127
effect on gastric function and symptoms of drinking wine, black tea, or schnapps with a swiss cheese fondue: randomised controlled crossover trial.to compare the effects of drinking white wine or black tea with swiss cheese fondue followed by a shot of cherry schnapps on gastric emptying, appetite, and abdominal symptoms.201021156747
multimycotoxin uplc-ms/ms for tea, herbal infusions and the derived drinkable products.in recent years the consumption of tea and herbal infusions has increased. these hot drinks are consumed as daily drinks as well as for medicinal purposes. all tea varieties (white, yellow, green, oolong, black and puerh) originate from the leaves of the tea plant, camellia sinensis. all extracts made of plant or herbal materials which do not contain camellia sinensis are referred as herbal infusions or tisanes. during processing and manufacturing fungal contamination of the plant materials is p ...201021121648
effect of black tea on enteral feeding tolerance in icu patients.tea consumption has been known mostly as a well-drink after water in the world. tea drink can affect balance of fluids and renal function. in addition, it can cause loss of many viruses in the stomach and can increase or decrease gastrointestinal movements. this research was done to determine the effect of tea on increasing enteral feeding tolerance in icu patients in alzahra hospital.201021589775
hyperbranched acidic polysaccharide from green tea.an acidic tea polysaccharide (altps), isolated from green tea ( camellia sinensis ), was characterized as a hyperbranched glycoprotein containing the acidic heteropolysaccharide chains and the protein residues from the results of uv-vis, ftir, one- and two-dimensional nmr, gc, gc-ms, and amino acid analyses. solution properties of altps were investigated by static and dynamic light scattering analyses and viscometry. the results indicated that the viscosity behavior of altps exhibited a typical ...201021028801
simultaneous quantification of flavonoids and phenolic acids in plant materials by a newly developed isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography approach.a simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (rp-hplc) method based on isocratic elution has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin), and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, and rosmarinic acids) as important constituents in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. analysis was achieved on a c18 column at ambient temperature. the wavelengths us ...201020919719
influences of crude extract of tea leaves, camellia sinensis, on streptozotocin diabetic male albino mice.natural remedies from medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. the aim of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycemic activity of the crude tea leaves extract on streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic mice. the average body weight of animals with diabetes and their percentage changes of body weight gain after 15 and 30 days were significantly lower than that of the normal control mice. in diabetic mice, supplementation with te ...201023961092
in vivo evaluation of black and green tea dermal products against uv radiation.aqueous extracts of black and green tea (camellia sinensis) were obtained by freeze-drying for this study. the extracts were evaluated based on tea quality control tests, uv, ir scans, and in vitro antioxidant capacity tests. dermal products from the tea extracts were designed and manufactured. black and green tea gels were tested in vivo in the forearms of six subjects using an artifical uv (200-400 nm) source. the tested formulations were green tea gel, black tea gel, 0.3% caffeine gel, carbom ...201022491240
formation and inhibition of cholesterol oxidation products in tea-leaf eggs during marinating.the objectives of this study were to develop a gc-ms method for determination of cholesterol oxidation products (cops) in tea-leaf eggs and study the formation and inhibition of cops as affected by heating time and various ingredients in marinated juice. the various cops in egg and juice samples were extracted by a solvent system of chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v), followed by purification using a silica cartridge and gc-ms for subsequent separation and quantitation, with high recovery ranges fro ...201020828157
geographical and climatic dependencies of green tea (camellia sinensis) metabolites: a (1)h nmr-based metabolomics study.the effects of climatic conditions on green tea metabolites in three different growing areas of jeju island, south korea, were investigated through global metabolite profiling by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. pattern recognition methods, such as principal component analysis (pca) and orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis (opls-da), revealed clear discriminations of green teas from the three different growing areas. variations of theanine, isoleucin ...201020828156
comparison of multivariate preprocessing techniques as applied to electronic tongue based pattern classification for black tea.in an electronic tongue, preprocessing on raw data precedes pattern analysis and choice of the appropriate preprocessing technique is crucial for the performance of the pattern classifier. while attempting to classify different grades of black tea using a voltammetric electronic tongue, different preprocessing techniques have been explored and a comparison of their performances is presented in this paper. the preprocessing techniques are compared first by a quantitative measurement of separabili ...201020708109
application of phase-trafficking methods to natural products research.a novel simultaneous phase-trafficking approach using spatially separated solid-supported reagents for rapid separation of neutral, basic, and acidic compounds from organic plant extracts with minimum labor is reported. acidic and basic ion-exchange resins were physically separated into individual sacks ("tea bags") for trapping basic and acidic compounds, respectively, leaving behind in solution neutral components of the natural mixtures. trapped compounds were then recovered from solid phase b ...201020704309
impact of nitrogen supply on carbon/nitrogen allocation: a case study on amino acids and catechins in green tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] plants.the concentrations of free amino acids (aa) and polyphenols (pp) are important determinants of green tea quality. levels of aa and pp are governed interactively by nitrogen (n) supply and carbon (c) status, so the impact of c/n allocation on green tea quality was investigated in saplings cultivated hydroponically with 0.3, 0.75, 1.5 or 4.5 mmol l(-1) n. activities of glutamine synthetase (gs), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) were determined, as were ...201020701695
computational identification of mirnas and their target genes from expressed sequence tags of tea (camellia sinensis).micrornas (mirnas) are a newly identified class of small non-protein-coding post-transcriptional regulatory rna in both plants and animals. the use of computational homology based search for expressed sequence tags (ests) with the ambros empirical formula and other structural feature criteria filter is a suitable combination towards the discovery and isolation of conserved mirnas from tea and other plant species whose genomes are not yet sequenced. in the present study, we blasted the database o ...201020691396
[sugary drinks and glycemia].obesity prevalence is increasing all over the world. most affected are people changing from a traditional lifestyle to an environment with both availability of high energy diet and less physical activity. glycemic index (gi) is a measure of dietary glycemic carbohydrates, representing their ability to raise blood glucose concentrations. it refers to the postprandial blood glucose response expressed as a percentage of the response to a reference food (glucose or white bread) containing the same c ...201020687984
regular daily intake of black tea improves oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases serum c-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients.this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of different daily doses of black tea intake on certain oxidative stress, inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm).201020668372
oxidative cascade reactions yielding polyhydroxy-theaflavins and theacitrins in the formation of black tea thearubigins: evidence by tandem lc-ms.lc-ms(n) and direct infusion-ms(n) have been applied for the first time to the characterisation of crude thearubigins isolated from black tea. the data generated have been used to test two hypotheses of thearubigin structure: (i) that a significant fraction of the thearubigins consist of polyhydroxylated derivatives of the better-known catechin dimers (theaflavins, theaflavin mono- and di-gallates, theacitrins) in redox equilibrium with their associated quinones; and (ii) that a significant frac ...201021776470
identification and characterization of 74 novel polymorphic est-ssr markers in the tea plant, camellia sinensis (theaceae). 201021616837
how would you like your tea, vicar?scald injuries are the commonest cause of paediatric burns leading to hospital admission both in the united kingdom (national burn care review committee report; 2001) and around the world. the cost and significant morbidity resulting from scald injuries reiterates the need for effective prevention campaigns for primary caregivers. the majority of scalds in children occur in the kitchen (49%) at home. three children a day under the age of 5 (1100/year) are involved in scalds resulting from pullin ...201019586723
clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids.herbal anti-wrinkle cosmetics were formulated from ginkgo (ginkgo biloba), a mixture of tea and rooibos (camellia sinensis and aspalathus linearis) and soybean (glycine soja). these extracts were incorporated into the preliminary developed stable gel base with good preference. the gingko formulation was found to be more stable than the formula containing a mixture of tea and rooibos and the soybean formula. clinical efficacies of the ginkgo formula and the formula containing a mixture of tea and ...201020412217
the in vitro effects of rooibos and black tea on immune pathways.the in vitro effects of aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) and camellia sinensis (black tea) on biomarkers of specific immune pathways were determined using whole blood culture assays. stimulated and unstimulated whole blood cultures were incubated with tea extracts. enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen spent culture medium for interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and interferon gamma as biomarkers for inflammation, humoral immunity, and cell mediated immunity, respectively. rooibos an ...201020391028
ancient genome duplications during the evolution of kiwifruit (actinidia) and related ericales.to assess the number and phylogenetic distribution of large-scale genome duplications in the ancestry of actinidia, publicly available expressed sequenced tags (ests) for members of the actinidiaceae and related ericales, including tea (camellia sinensis), were analysed.201020576738
the antimicrobial activities of processed nigerian and south african black tea.the antibacterial activity of processed nigerian lipton tea and south african 5 roses tea, extracted using distilled water, chloroform and 70% ethanol were determined against nine (9) enteropathogenic bacteria which includes; bacillus subtilis, proteus sp, enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, salmonella arizona and staphylococcus aureus. the 2 tea bags, nigerian lipton tea bag and the south african 5 roses tea bag were extracted thr ...201022416657
why the xanthine derivatives are used to study of p-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in l1210/vcr line cells.there is generally well known that various xanthines occur frequently in natural products, e.g. black coffee, black tea, green tea, natural dyes etc. xanthine molecules are good tolerated and metabolised by organisms. moreover, natural xanthines and/or sythesized xanthines may recall a lot positive affects (hemorheologic properties, anti-inflammatory properties, tracheal smooth muscle relaxant, positive chronotropic and central nervous system-stimulating, etc.) and may even induce a quantity of ...201020817945
intrinsic apoptosis and nf-κb signaling are potential molecular targets for chemoprevention by black tea polyphenols in hepg2 cells in vitro and in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model in vivo.antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of black tea polyphenols (polyphenon-b) on hepg2 cells in vitro and in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model in vivo were investigated. viability of hepg2 cells was evaluated by the mtt assay, and apoptosis by ao-eb and dapi staining, cell cycle analysis, and annexin v-pi assay. for the in vivo study, male sprague-dawley rats treated with dimethylaminoazobenzene (dab) (0.06%) were used. the expression of bcl-2 and nf-κb family members were analyzed by ...201020828598
outcomes of 3% green tea emulsion on skin sebum production in male volunteers.this study was aimed to depict potential effects of stable formulation (water in oil emulsion), containing 3% green tea (camellia sinensis l) extract on skin sebum production in healthy human volunteers. for this purpose formulation was designed using 3% ethanolic green tea extract and abil®em90 was used as an emulsifier. formulation was applied to the cheeks of healthy human volunteers (n=10) for a period of 8 weeks. measurements for skin sebum production were considered using sebumeter mpa 5. ...201020846135
the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review.this review focuses on the efficacy and safety of effective herbal medicines in the management of hyperlipidemia in human.201020858178
restoration of cardiomyocyte function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after treatment with vanadate in a tea decoction.diabetes mellitus is associated with abnormal cardiomyocyte ca(2+) transients and contractile performance. we investigated the possibility that an alteration in inositol trisphosphate/phospholipase c (ip₃/plc) signalling may be involved in this dysfunction. phosphatidic acid stimulates cardiomyocyte contraction through an ip₃/plc signaling cascade. we also tested a novel therapeutic intervention to assess its efficacy in reversing any potential defects. diabetes was induced in sprague-dawley rat ...201020874687
phenolic content and in vitro inhibitory effects on oxidation and protein glycation of some thai medicinal plants.fifteen medicinal plant extracts were investigated for: total phenolic content and free radical scavenging effect by dpph and abts assays; anti-lipid peroxidation activity by tbars; and for antiglycation activity. the results revealed that the total phenolic content showed good correlation with free radical scavenging by abts (r = 0.721) and anti-lipid peroxidation by tbars (r = -0.659), but showed no correlation with antiglycation. three extracts from tamarindus indica, camellia sinensis and ar ...201020884454
evaluation of the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c (a polyherbal formulation) in ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety behavior in rats.the present study investigates the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c, a standardized polyherbal formulation containing the extracts of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, camellia sinensis, triphala, and shilajit in ethanol withdrawal- (ew-) induced anxiety behavior in rats. ethanol dependence in rats was produced by substitution of drinking water with 7.5% v/v alcohol for 10 days. then, ethanol withdrawal was induced by replacing alcohol with drinking water, 12 hours prior to experimentation. aft ...201020953426
black tea and theaflavins assist healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in mice by antioxidative action.the healing activities of black tea (bt) and the theaflavins (tf) against the indomethacin-induced stomach ulceration were studied in a mouse model. indomethacin (18 mg/kg, p.o.) administration induced maximum ulceration in the glandular portion of the gastric mucosa on the 3rd day, accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, depletion of thiol-defense and mucin, as well as reduced expressions of cyclooxygenases (cox) and prostaglandin (pg) e synthesis in the gastric tissu ...201020953434
black and green tea improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation parameters in wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet.in the present study, the efficacy of black tea (bt) and green tea (gt) was studied in relation to serum and hepatic oxidative abnormalities in hypercholesterolemic rats. hypercholesterolemia was induced in male wistar rats (8 week old) by feeding them with a high-cholesterol diet (hcd) for 35 days. the experimental rats were given bt and gt as a supplement (7 g/l) via drinking water. increased hepatic and serum lipid profile along with abnormalities in oxidative marker, with a concomitant incre ...201020960086
differential expression pattern of an acidic 9/13-lipoxygenase in flower opening and senescence and in leaf response to phloem feeders in the tea plant.lipoxygenase (loxs) is a large family of plant enzymes that catalyse the hydroperoxidation of free polyunsaturated fatty acids into diverse biologically active compounds, collectively named phyto-oxylipins. although multiple isoforms of loxs have been identified in a wide range of annual herbaceous plants, the genes encoding these enzymes in perennial woody plants have not received as much attention. in camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, no lox gene of any type has been isolated, and its possible ...201020969806
safety evaluation of tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze) flower extract: assessment of mutagenicity, and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats.tea (camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze, theaceae) flowers possess many physiological functions and have been used in traditional medicines for deodorization, skin care, cough suppressant and expectorant in china. however, there is a little information about its possible toxicity.201021034804
black tea reduces diarrhoea prevalence but decreases growth performance in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-infected post-weaning piglets.enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is a main cause of diarrhoea in humans and piglets. in vitro, black tea extract (bte) has anti-pathogenic properties. anti-diarrhoeal properties of bte were assessed in a pig model of gastrointestinal infection. at weaning (day 0), piglets (n = 96) were randomly assigned to a diet containing 0% (control), 0.4% or 0.8% (wt/wt) bte during 27 days. piglets were orally infected with 6.4 × 10(6) cfu of etec on day 6. faecal consistency, feed intake and body wei ...201021039929
oolong tea theasinensins attenuate cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated mouse macrophages: structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms.oolong tea theasinensins are a group of tea polyphenols different from green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins. the present study reports the inhibitory effects of oolong tea theasinensins on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and underlying molecular mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated murine macrophage raw264 cells. the structure-activity data revealed that the galloyl moiety of theasinensins played an important role in the inhibitory actions. theasinensin a, a more ...201021082860
green tea extract-induced lethal toxicity in fasted but not in nonfasted dogs.recent chronic toxicity studies performed on green tea extracts in fasted dogs have revealed some unique dose-limiting lethal liver, gastrointestinal, and renal toxicities. key findings included necrosis of hepatic cells, gastrointestinal epithelia and renal tubules, atrophy of reproductive organs, atrophy and necrosis of hematopoietic tissues, and associated hematological changes. the polyphenol cachetins (a mixture of primarily epigallocatechin gallate [≥55%]; plus up to 10% each of epigalloca ...201021098339
green and black tea suppress hyperglycemia and insulin resistance by retaining the expression of glucose transporter 4 in muscle of high-fat diet-fed c57bl/6j mice.to investigate the preventive effects of tea on hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, male c57bl/6j mice were given a high-fat diet containing 29% lard and also green or black tea ad libitum for 14 weeks. both teas suppressed body weight gain and deposition of white adipose tissue caused by the diet. in addition, they improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by stimulating glucose uptake activity accompanied by the translocation of glucose transporter (glut) 4 to the plasma membrane in mus ...201021105694
pu-erh black tea supplementation decreases quinocetone-induced ros generation and oxidative dna damage in balb/c mice.quinocetone (3-methyl-2-quinoxalinbenzenevinylketo-1,4-dioxide, qct), a new feed antibacterial agent of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides family, has been used as an animal growth promoter. however, few data about its potential toxicity in vivo were available. in this study, genotoxicity of qct and the relationship with oxidative stress were investigated. balb/c mice with both sexes were administrated with qct (12000, 6000 and 3000 mg/kg/bw, respectively) by gavage acutely. dna damage, generation of reac ...201021112366
oral diuretic activity of hot water infusion of sri lankan black tea (camellia sinensis l.) in rats.black tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (family: theaceae)] has been used by sri lankan traditional practitioners to promote diuresis. however, the type and grade of tea is not specified.201021120027
proteomic profiling and redox status alteration of recalcitrant tea (camellia sinensis) seed in response to desiccation.tea seed is believed to be recalcitrant based on its sensitivity to chilling or drying stress. reactive oxygen species (ros) and alterations in cytosolic redox status have been implicated in intolerance to desiccation by recalcitrant seed, but there is little information available regarding how ros are regulated in seeds susceptible to drying stress. we investigated changes in protein expression and activity in tea embryo in response to desiccation using physiological and proteomic methods. resu ...201021120520
acute and subchronic oral toxicities of pu-erh black tea extract in sprague-dawley rats.pu-erh black tea, which is obtained by first parching crude green tea leaves and then undergoes secondary fermentation with microorganisms, has been believed to be beneficial beverages for health for nearly 2000 years in china, japan and taiwan area. but its potential toxicity when administered at a high dose as concentrated extracts has not been completely investigated.201021134434
effect on the epigallocatechin gallate/epigallocatechin ratio in a green tea (camellia sinensis l.) extract of different extraction temperatures and its effect on iga production in mice.we found that the epigallocatechin gallate (egcg)/epigallocatechin (egc) ratio in a green tea (camellia sinensis l.) extract was affected by the extraction temperature. the egcg/egc ratio in the 4 °c extract was around 1:3-4, whereas in the 100 °c extract, it was around 1:0.7. oral administration of the mixture with a high egc ratio (1:2-3 = egcg/egc) resulted in greater iga production by murine peyer's patch cells.201021150115
cacl2 improves post-drought recovery potential in camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze.drought stress affects the growth and productivity of the tea plant. however, the damage caused is not permanent. the present investigation studies the effect of cacl(2) on antioxidative responses of tea during post-drought recovery. increase in dry mass, proline and phenolic content of leaf with decrease in h(2)o(2) and lipid peroxidation and increased activities of enzymes such as sod, cat, pox and gr in response to increased foliar cacl(2) concentration are indications for the recovery of str ...201021153899
agrobacterium-mediated silencing of caffeine synthesis through root transformation in camellia sinensis l.tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] is a perennial and most popular non-alcoholic caffeine-containing beverage crop. tea has several constraints for its genetic improvement such as its high polyphenolic content and woody perennial nature. the development of transgenic tea is very difficult, laborious, and time taking process. in tea, regeneration requires minimum 8-12 months. in view of this, attempt has been made in this article to develop a rapid, efficient, and quite economical agrobacteri ...201021181507
in vitro protective effects of colon-available extract of camellia sinensis (tea) against hydrogen peroxide and beta-amyloid (aβ((1-42))) induced cytotoxicity in differentiated pc12 cells.there is mounting evidence that the deposition and aggregation of β-amyloid peptides (aβ) in the brain play a significant role in the development and pathogenesis of alzheimer's disease. there is further evidence that free radical species such as hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) mediate aβ induced toxicity. previous studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols possess neuroprotective properties through their ability to ameliorate oxidative stress induced by free radical species. green tea po ...201021183323
black tea polyphenol theaflavin suppresses lps-induced icam-1 and vcam-1 expression via blockage of nf-κb and jnk activation in intestinal epithelial cells.the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the black tea polyphenol, theaflavin, on the expression of adhesion molecules and activation of lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced innate signaling in rat intestinal epithelial (rie) cells.201021184129
laboratory studies on weight control and prevention of metabolic syndrome by green tea.green tea (camellia sinensis, theaceace) is the second most popular beverage in the world and has been extensively studied for its putative disease preventive effects. green tea is characterized by the presence of a high concentrations of polyphenolic compounds known as catechins, with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) being the most abundant and most well-studied. metabolic syndrome (mets) is a complex condition that is defined by the presence of elevated waist circumference, dysglycemia, e ...201021193040
effects of ocimum sanctum and camellia sinensis on stress-induced anxiety and depression in male albino rattus norvegicus.the aim of this study was to study the ameliorative effects of ocimum sanctum and camellia sinensis on stress-induced anxiety and depression.201021206619
comparative safety evaluation of chinese pu-erh green tea extract and pu-erh black tea extract in wistar rats.pu-erh teas are believed to be beneficial beverages for health since they possess several pharmacological properties such as antioxidation, hypocholesterolemia, and antiobesity properties, but their potential toxicities when administered at a high dose as concentrated extracts have not been completely investigated. in this study, the chemical components in pu-erh green tea and pu-erh black tea were analyzed and compared, and the safety of tea extracts was evaluated in wistar rats. the polysaccha ...201020028013
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